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Data center operational efficiency best practices: Enabling increased new project spending
by improving data center efficiency is an IBM study that developed a data center operational
efficiency model for assessing the capability levels of today’s data center and describes the ways
IT organizations can progress along the path of data center transformation. The report was
written by IDC, which also executed the survey and interviews on behalf of IBM.
The authors would like to give special thanks to the following individuals for their assistance and
support in developing this report:
Figure 1: Data centers that operate at the highest level of efficiency allocate
Data centers that are operating at the 50 percent more of their IT budgets to new projects than those operating at the
lowest efficiency level.
highest level of efficiency allocate 50 percent
Applying the results of a January 2012 global study of CIOs
more of their IT resources to new projects. and IT managers to the efficiency model, 21 percent of today’s
data centers—about one in five—have reached the peak of
efficiency and are operating at the highest level.
iv Data center operational efficiency best practices
Improving data center efficiency can yield tangible benefits to While the “right” solution cannot be dictated by a single,
the organization. This study found that Strategic data centers standardized blueprint, and reaching the Strategic efficiency
were able to deliver: level may not align with the goals of all organizations, many
IT professionals are looking for something analogous to
● Greater investment on strategic initiatives. Staff spend more a playbook that provides context for designing an
than half of their time on new projects versus maintaining appropriate strategy.
the infrastructure, compared to only 35 percent for Basic
data centers (Figure 1). Further, 39 percent are planning
transformational projects to reengineer their IT service About this study
delivery as compared to 23 percent. The information for this paper came from a global survey of 308
● Greater efficiency. They enjoy more than 2.5 times the
IT executives in seven countries to understand the current state
staffing efficiency, averaging 27 servers per administrator of their data center operational efficiency—processes, tools,
compared to 10 for Basic data centers. and technologies—across eight separate areas: data center
● Greater flexibility. More than half of the companies support operations, facilities management, servers, storage, network,
a high rate of organizational change compared to just 6 applications and tools, governance and staffing. The survey
percent for Basic data centers. was supplemented by in-depth interviews with IT managers and
CIOs from North America, Europe and Asia. For additional study
details, see Study Methodology.
There were four distinguishing characteristics of companies
that have moved toward a more strategic approach:
availability
● Have a plan that aligns with the business goals and keep
it current.
IBM Global Data Center Study 1
8 Recommended investments to improve your data ● Basic: The environment is relatively stable and is
center operational efficiency maintained based on short-term objectives, with standalone
infrastructure as the norm. Companies gain the advantages
11 Moving up the efficiency ladder: Case studies
of server consolidation but have not implemented tools
14 Moving toward a Strategic data center to improve availability levels, which vary widely from
application to application and site to site.
14 How IBM can help ● Consolidated: Server virtualization and site consolidation
evaluating the state of data center efficiency and alignment “pool” that can be allocated and scaled freely to meet the
with the needs of the business. First, there is no single “magic changing demands of workloads and to ensure uptime and
bullet” indicator of movement from one efficiency stage to the performance while providing high rates of utilization. The
next. The data center environment is a compilation of servers, focus is on measuring and improving service levels while
storage, network systems, mechanical/electrical systems, building out governance procedures that capture
applications and tools, governance procedures and staff. The business requirements.
only effective means to measure the efficiency of data center ● Strategic: Widespread adoption of policy-based
operations is to take a holistic approach that considers multiple automation tools lowers the manual complexity of the data
measures across all elements. Second, the evolution of the data center and ensures availability requirements and dynamic
center is a journey, one in which the destination may change as movement of applications and data. Instrumentation and
the business needs change. This framework should therefore metrics are consistently used to validate compliance with
not be considered a recipe that should be followed blindly, but governance polices.
rather a playbook that should be flexibly applied based on the
individual needs of the organization.
0/44/100/00/44/100/0
0/9/80/0 0/9/80/0
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0/9/80/0
Basic Consolidated Available Strategic
0/9/80/0 0/9/80/0 0/44/100/0
0/44/100/00/44/100/0
11+ years Data center age < 3 years
Operations
2.5+ Power usage effectiveness 0/9/80/0 0/9/80/0 < 1.5
0/44/100/0 0/44/100/0
Slow
Governance Ease of decision making Quick and easy
and difficult
Figure 2: The four distinctive stages of data center maturity are based on a combination of efficiency, availability and f lexibility.
IBM Global Data Center Study 3
and availability
● Have a plan that aligns with the business goals and keep
it current.
4 Data center operational efficiency best practices
● 48 percent of all their servers are virtualized, compared to Figure 3: Strategic data centers are characterized by virtualization across all
27 percent components of the physical infrastructure.
● 93 percent use virtualized storage, versus 21 percent
14 percent.
IBM Global Data Center Study 5
capabilities, versus 4 percent, and another 48 percent plan Figure 5: Extensive use of automation across server, storage and network
to offer one in the next 12 months—meaning 80 percent management enables the high level of availability and service levels that
characterize Strategic data centers.
expect to offer one by 2013.
● 87 percent use a service catalog approach for storage, versus 0 percent, providing insight to adjust to real-time
leading to higher levels of availability and automation, operating conditions.
versus only 3 percent.
those planning projects overall, say they will ● Data center operations and facilities management
turn to outside help. ● Servers
● Storage
● Network
● Business resilience
Recommended investments to improve ● Right size capacity and availability. Forecast capacity
your data center operational efficiency and availability to meet the business needs of primary and
While cost containment is certainly a critical benefit of data backup centers. Then continue to manage for efficiency
center efficiency, probably the most important benefit comes using real-time monitoring and management software.
in the ability to better serve the needs of the core business and ● Design for flexibility. Ensure that investments provide the
respond to shifts in market demand. Evidence shows that the scalability required to support rapid changes in demand
journey toward greater levels of data center efficiency requires and technology by, for example, building new capacity in
significant changes to the organization’s tools, technologies smaller increments over time and designing mechanical/
and processes. electrical systems so that equipment changes can be made
without disrupting operations.
Once companies understand what stage they are at and ● Optimize total costs over the long term. Ensure trade-
where they want to go on the efficiency spectrum, they offs between capital and operating costs are included in
will need to consider appropriate investments in time and facilities design, and measure energy efficiency and power
resources. Because there are dependencies required to move consumption on a real-time basis.
IBM Global Data Center Study 9
Storage
Strategic data centers are dealing with all aspects of storage
“Building a new data center has provided optimization and management. They realize the need to
us with more space, more efficient and green get ahead of the explosion in storage by using software and
policy-based management systems to reduce the hands-on
cooling and power, and more robust service labor required to provision and manage storage. Insights from
delivery. Incorporating greater levels of leaders include:
redundancy was a key component of that.”
● Increase storage optimization. Leaders implement
—Martin Constant, Corporate Director of Information Technology, NORAMPAC four to six times more storage optimization techniques,
Paper and Packaging industry, Canada including virtualization, deduplication, thin provisioning
and others.
● Reduce the time spent by storage architects. Implement
server management. They understand the need to tackle the focus on the volume of storage, leaders realize they need
“harder” projects to leverage automation and software tools to manage the full lifecycle of data. Consider using more
to drive higher levels of availability and improved quality of sophisticated approaches to storage backup—including
service. Specific insights to leverage include: geo-replication or consistency groups for multiple
snapshots. For archiving, consider using eDiscovery data
● Move beyond consolidation to virtualization. Improve mapping or defined processes for audits.
SLA performance by using software tools and automation
to move virtual images between physical servers and data
centers based on policies.
● Prepare for cloud computing. Plan to use a self-service
portal that allows VMs to be automatically ordered online, “We are already using automated
with a choice of size, operating system and service level. hierarchical storage, storage virtualization
● Take advantage of the latest technology. Knowing how
and deduplication as well as dynamic
to optimize systems and move workloads will allow you
to take advantage of converged infrastructures (server, resource allocation (on demand).”
storage and networking systems that are sold together with
—Pierre Debagnard, General Manager of Albiant-IT, BPCE Group, France
management software in a pre-integrated package).
10 Data center operational efficiency best practices
computing. Leaders realize the need to have a data center to specific business processes or applications. Leaders
networking strategy in place. They are also moving beyond provide the optimal level of availability to meet business
traditional network optimization techniques to approaches needs by using an active-active configuration, which allows
that include network management and automation in order for rapid failover of systems in the event of failure.
to improve overall IT efficiency and flexibility. Insights from ● Examine business and regulatory compliance
the ability to automatically provision network services based ● Use a centralized portfolio approach to application
on policies, with minimal human intervention. management. Leaders will also apply different service and
support levels to individual applications if the application
Business resilience owner is prepared to pay.
The ability to manage IT risk is essential for enabling growth, ● Focus on both hard, upfront capital costs and ongoing
dealing with changing business conditions and addressing operational costs when deciding on data center
new regulations, security threats and service outages. Leaders investments. Leaders use monitoring and management
distinguish themselves in their approaches and their ability software to ensure a total-cost focus in ongoing operations
to mitigate negative risks while enhancing their ability to as well as when making point-in-time investment decisions.
optimize potential opportunities. Insights from the strategies ● Implement decision-making procedures and policies.
individual tools, but we are planning to After determining it could not completely retrofit the site (for
implement a single management platform in example, it couldn’t introduce raised-floor cooling), ABI opted
the future.” to equip the hall with an innovative cooling system based on
APC in-rack water cooling blocks connected to chillers above
the rack cabinets. By transforming its data center this way, ABI
—Xiao Xiao Bin , IT Manager, INESA Information IT Services industry, China
believes it has reduced the average power consumption of the IT
infrastructure by about 35 percent, or 25 kW.
Albiant-IT has made strategic investments in its datacenter that “We operate at a 99.999 percent SLA and
enable it to operate optimally. It operates at a five nine availability have had 100 percent measured availability
SLA (99.999 percent uptime) and in fact has a measured 100
percent uptime since it put its current facilities in place more than
since our current facility was deployed two
two years ago. It currently has a ten-year capacity plan in place to years ago.”
account for its internal IT and hosting services infrastructure.
—Pierre Debagnard, General Manager of Albiant-IT, BPCE Group
The datacenters operate in a hot-hot (active-active) mode with
a 2(N+1) architecture. Each datacenter replicates into the other
and workloads can be moved as necessary. Capacity can be
added in a modular fashion, both by increasing energy capacity Even though the datacenter is operating in most respects at
and by equipping new “rooms” within the existing physical the Strategic level, this is not to say there are not future areas
facilities. Energy consumption is measured at the facility level of further optimization that Albiant-IT is considering. One of the
according to the energy capacity plan in place. A great deal of areas is the introduction of a converged infrastructure. Albiant-
focus is placed on optimizing power usage effectiveness (PUE); IT, with its BPCE clients, is considering implementing such an
the facility is currently operating at a PUE ratio of 2, with the goal infrastructure providing it helps reduce costs and enables a quick
of achieving 1.7 in the very near future. There is an entire system in return on investment (ROI).
place to optimize energy consumption that relies on a number of
variables, including a room’s population, air flow, hygrometry and
temperature optimization.
14 Data center operational efficiency best practices
For most companies, getting there will not happen overnight. ibm.com/data-center/study
It typically takes organizations several years of planning and
strategic investments in each area of the data center to achieve ibm.com/services/smarterdatacenter
Strategic status. While North American organizations and
companies with more than 500 employees had the highest
proportion of Strategic data centers, this level of efficiency is
achievable for any company. Strategic data centers were found
in all regions of the world and in smaller companies.
Efficiency level
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