You are on page 1of 5

2015 6th International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation

*DLQ(QKDQFHPHQWRI$[LDO0RGH+HOLFDO$QWHQQDIRU8$9DSSOLFDWLRQV

 $MPDO+XVVDLQ6KDK
6KDULI2]PDQ
6FKRRORI(QJLQHHULQJ
6FKRRORI(QJLQHHULQJ
$VLD3DFLILF8QLYHUVLW\RI,QQRYDWLRQ 7HFKQRORJ\
$VLD3DFLILF8QLYHUVLW\RI,QQRYDWLRQ 7HFKQRORJ\
.XDOD/XPSXU0DOD\VLD
.XDOD/XPSXU0DOD\VLD
DMPDO#DSXHGXP\
VKDULIR]#KRWPDLOFRP




6DWKLVK.XPDU6HOYDSHUXPDO
6DUGDU$OL
6FKRRORI(QJLQHHULQJ
6FKRRORI(QJLQHHULQJ
$VLD3DFLILF8QLYHUVLW\RI,QQRYDWLRQ 7HFKQRORJ\
$VLD3DFLILF8QLYHUVLW\RI,QQRYDWLRQ 7HFKQRORJ\
.XDOD/XPSXU0DOD\VLD
.XDOD/XPSXU0DOD\VLD
GUVDWKLVK#DSXHGXP\
VDUGDU$OL#DSXHGXP\


9HHUDL\DK7KDQJDVDP\
6FKRRORI(QJLQHHULQJ
$VLD3DFLILF8QLYHUVLW\RI,QQRYDWLRQ 7HFKQRORJ\
.XDOD/XPSXU0DOD\VLD
YHHUDL\DK#DSXHGXP\



Abstract²7KH8QPDQQHG$HULDO9HKLFOH 8$9 WHFKQRORJ\ SLORWOHVV DLUFUDIW (ZDV EXLOW GXULQJ WKH :RUOG :DU ,
KDV VHHQ VXEVWDQWLDO JURZWK LQ WKH ODVW WZR GHFDGHV +HOLFDO $IWHU WKH ZDU WKH DLUFUDIWV ZHUH XVHG DV GURQHV
DQWHQQDV SOD\ YLWDO UROH LQ HVWDEOLVKLQJ UHOLDEOH 7KH/DU\Q[ZDV DQ HDUO\ FUXLVH PLVVLOH LQ WKH IRUP RI D
FRPPXQLFDWLRQLQ8$9DSSOLFDWLRQV,QWKLVSDSHUDQD[LDO VPDOO PRQRSODQH DLUFUDIW WRRN RII IURP D ZDUVKLS DQG
PRGH KHOLFDO DQWHQQD IRU XQPDQQHG DHULDO YHKLFOH 8$9  IORZQXQGHUDXWRSLORW
DSSOLFDWLRQV LV SURSRVHG 7KH DQWHQQD LV VLPXODWHG DQG WKH 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG UHOLDEOH GDWD WUDQVPLVVLRQ RI KLJK
SHUIRUPDQFHDQDO\VLVLVSUHVHQWHG7KHDQWHQQDZLWKWXUQV TXDOLW\ YLGHR DQG DXGLR VLJQDOV LV H[WUHPHO\ LPSRUWDQW
DQGDSLWFKDQJOHRIƒKDVDWWDLQHGVLJQLILFDQWO\LPSURYHG EHWZHHQ DQ XQPDQQHG DHULDO YHKLFOH DQG WKH JURXQG 7KH
UHVXOWV7KHDQWHQQDKDVD96:5ORZHUWKDQ7KHUHWXUQ
KHOLFDO DQWHQQDV RSHUDWH LQ WZR PRGHV WKH QRUPDOPRGH
ORVVRIG%LVREVHUYHGZLWKDQHQKDQFHPHQWRI
DQG D JDLQ RI  G% ZLWK  LPSURYHPHQW LV REVHUYHG
DQGWKHD[LDOPRGH,QQRUPDOPRGHKHOLFDODQWHQQDVKDYH
0RUHRYHU WKH LPSURYHG UHVXOWV ZHUH DFKLHYHG ZLWK WKH RPQLGLUHFWLRQDO UDGLDWLRQ SDWWHUQ ZKLOH WKH D[LDOPRGH
UHGXFHG VL]H RI WKH JURXQG SODQH 7KH UHVXOWV VDWLVI\ WKH KHOLFDODQWHQQDVKDYHGLUHFWLRQDOUDGLDWLRQSDWWHUQDQGWKH
UHTXLUHPHQWV LQ HVWDEOLVKLQJ WKH UHOLDEOH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ LQ ZDYH LV FLUFXODUO\ SRODUL]HG 7KHUHIRUH WKH D[LDOPRGH
8$9DSSOLFDWLRQV KHOLFDODQWHQQDLVGHVLUHGLQ8$9DSSOLFDWLRQVEHFDXVHRI
 LWVKLJKGLUHFWLYLW\DQGFLUFXODUSRODUL]DWLRQFKDUDFWHULVWLFV
LQWKLVUHVHDUFK
Keywords – component, axial mode, helical antenna, 7KHJDLQRIWKHKHOLFDODQWHQQDLVDOVRSURSRUWLRQDOWR
improved gain, reduced ground plane, return loss, unmanned WKHQXPEHURIWXUQV7KLVFDQEHDFKLHYHGE\DUUDQJLQJWKH
aerial vehicle, UAV applications ULQJV RQ WRS RI HDFK RWKHU ZLWK HTXDO VSDFLQJ 7KLV ZLOO
JLYH WKH SRVVLELOLW\ RI PDLQWDLQLQJ WKH GHVLUHG VLGH OREH
, ,1752'8&7,21 OHYHO DQG PLQLPL]LQJ WKH XQGHVLUHG KDUPRQLFV >@ $
KLJKHU DQWHQQD JDLQ FDQ EH DFKLHYHG E\ LQFUHDVLQJ WKH
7KH DQWHQQD LV DQ HVVHQWLDO EXLOGLQJ EORFN RI DQ\ OHQJWKRIWKHZLUH7KLVPD\OHDGWRODUJHQXPEHURIWXUQV
FRPPXQLFDWLRQ V\VWHP 6LQFH WKH ODVW GHFDGH WKHUH KDV ZKLFK LQFUHDVHV WKH VL]H RI WKH KHOL[ DQG DOVR KHDYLHU ,Q
EHHQUHPDUNDEOHJURZWKDQGGHYHORSPHQWVRIDQWHQQDVIRU WKLVVLWXDWLRQDQDUUD\RIKHOLFHVLVPRUHDSSURSULDWH>@
WKHZLUHOHVVFRPPXQLFDWLRQLQGXVWU\HVSHFLDOO\WKHKHOLFDO 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG WKH JDLQ FDQ DOVR EH LQFUHDVHG E\
DQWHQQD6XEVWDQWLDOUHVHDUFKKDVWDNHQSODFHLQWKHDUHDRI LQFUHDVLQJ WKH 3LWFK DQJOH ZKLFK GHVFULEHV KRZ PXFK D
8QPDQQHG $HULDO 9HKLFOH 8$9  WHFKQRORJ\ 7KLV KHOL[ DQWHQQD JURZV LQ WKH ]GLUHFWLRQ SHU WXUQ >@ 7KHUH
FRQFHSW RI 8$9 FDPH LQWR H[LVWHQFH ZKHQ LW ZDV DUHWZRPRGHVRIUDGLDWLRQVWKHQRUPDOPRGHDQGWKHD[LDO
H[WUHPHO\ GLIILFXOW WR GHSOR\ WKH DUP\ DQG GLIILFXOW WR PRGH 7KH QRUPDO PRGH RFFXUV ZKHQ WKH GLPHQVLRQV DUH
REWDLQLQIRUPDWLRQHVSHFLDOO\LQZDUV VPDOOHU WKDQ WKH ZDYHOHQJWK 7KH UDGLDWLRQ UHDFKHV LWV
7KHHDUOLHVWXVHRIDQXQPDQQHGDHULDOYHKLFOHIRUZDU KLJKHVWOHYHOLQWKHSODQHSHUSHQGLFXODUWRWKHD[LVRIKHOL[
ILJKWLQJ ZDV UHFRUGHG LQ PLGWK FHQWXU\ 7KH ILUVW >@

2166-0670/15 $31.00 © 2015 IEEE 237


DOI 10.1109/ISMS.2015.51
$ KHOL[ DQWHQQD H[KLELWV D FLUFXODUO\ SRODUL]HG RU DQ :KHUHOLVDZDYHOHQJWKLQPHDVXUHGLQPHWHUfLVDQ
HOOLSVHSDWWHUQ7KLVGHSHQGVRQWKHOHQJWKRIWKHKHOL[DQG RSHUDWLQJIUHTXHQF\DQGcLVDVSHHGRIOLJKWuPV
WKH SLWFK DQJOH $ VPDOOHU SLWFK DQJOH LQWURGXFHV OLQHDU 
SRODUL]DWLRQ ,Q WKLV FDVH DQG EHFDXVH RI WKH DQWHQQD¶V
VPDOOVL]HFRPSDULQJWRWKHZDYHOHQJWKWKHDQWHQQDVWKDW
 u 
 O cm   
RSHUDWH LQ WKLV PRGH KDYH ORZ HIILFLHQF\ DQG QDUURZ  u 
EDQGZLGWK7KHD[LDOPRGHRFFXUVZKHQWKHFLUFXPIHUHQFH 
RI WKH KHOL[ LV HTXDO WR RQH ZDYHOHQJWK ,Q WKLV FDVH WKH 7$%/(,3$5$0(7(55$1*(6)257+(237,0803(5)250$1&()25
UDGLDWLRQ UHDFKHV LWV PD[LPXP SRZHU ZKLFK IORZV LQ WKH 7+(+(/,&$/$17(11$>@

VDPH GLUHFWLRQ RI WKH DQWHQQD D[LV 7KH ILHOG RI WKH D[LDO
PRGHLVDOPRVWFLUFXODUO\SRODUL]HG>@ 3DUDPHWHU 2SWLPXP5DQJH
7KH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WKH WZR PRGHV LV WKDW LQ WKH &LUFXPIHUHQFH Ȝa&aȜ
D[LDOPRGHUDGLDWLRQUHDFKHVLWVPD[LPXPYDOXHDORQJWKH
KHOL[D[LVZKHUHLQWKHQRUPDOPRGHWKHUDGLDWLRQUHDFKHV 3LWFK$QJOH ƒĮƒ
LWV PD[LPXP YDOXH LQ WKH QRUPDO GLUHFWLRQ RI WKH KHOL[ 1XPEHURI7XUQV 1
>@
$Q DQWHQQD DUUD\ LV D VHW RI WZR RU PRUH DQWHQQDV :LUH'LDPHWHU 1HJOLJLEOH(IIHFW
7KLV DOORZV DFKLHYLQJ DQ LPSURYHG SHUIRUPDQFH RYHU D
*URXQG3ODQH'LDPHWHU $WOHDVWȜ
VLQJOHDQWHQQD&RPSDUHGWRDVLQJOHDQWHQQDDQDQWHQQD
DUUD\ JLYHV D EHWWHU GLUHFWLRQDO UDGLDWLRQ SDWWHUQ >@ 
$OWKRXJK WKH SHUIRUPDQFH LQFUHDVHV ZLWK DQ DQWHQQD 1H[WWKHVSDFLQJEHWZHHQWKHWXUQVRIWKHKHOL[ 6 LV
DUUD\EXWLWLVQRWUHFRPPHQGHGLQDSSOLFDWLRQVZKHUHWKH FDOFXODWHGZHJHW
VL]H DQG WKH ZHLJKW DUH LPSRUWDQW IDFWRUV 7KH W\SLFDO 
DQWHQQD XVHG LV D PRQRILODU KHOLFDO VWUXFWXUH ZUDSSHG O cm
DURXQG DQ HPSW\ KROORZ GLHOHFWULF F\OLQGHU 7KH UHDVRQ S cm    
EHKLQG WKLV LV WKDW WKH HPSW\ GLHOHFWULF WXEH SURYLGHV D  
SURSHUPHFKDQLFDOVXSSRUWHVSHFLDOO\ZKHQWKHDQWHQQDLV 
ORQJ DQG WKLQ 7KH SHUIRUPDQFH RI D UHODWLYHO\ VPDOO 7KHGLDPHWHU ' RIWKHKHOL[ZLUHLVJLYHQE\
DQWHQQDZLWKDJRRGGLHOHFWULFFRQVWDQWFDQEHEHWWHUWKDQ 
DELJDQWHQQDZLWKDORZGLHOHFWULFFRQVWDQW7KLVFDQEHD O cm
YHU\ LPSRUWDQW DQG GHFLVLYH IDFWRU ZKHQ WKH VL]H RI WKH D cm   
DSSOLFDWLRQLVDSULRULW\8VLQJDZLUHZLWKDORZGLHOHFWULF  
FRQVWDQW LPSDFWV WKH SHUIRUPDQFH LQ D QHJDWLYH ZD\ 
0DLQO\ WKH LQSXW LPSHGDQFH RI WKH DQWHQQD GHFUHDVHV 7KHFLUFXPIHUHQFHRIRQHWXUQ & LVFDOFXODWHGE\
WRJHWKHUZLWKWKHFDSDFLWLYHUHDFWDQFH7KDWLVEHFDXVHRI 
WKH KLJKHU SHUPLWWLYLW\ DORQJ WKH KHOLFDO FRQGXFWRU $OVR  C SD S cm cm   
WKH JDLQ LV GHFUHDVHG DQG WKH IUHTXHQF\ EDQGZLGWK VKLIWV 
WRORZHUIUHTXHQFLHV>@ 7KHDQWHQQDJDLQ * RIWKHDQWHQQDLVFDOFXODWHGE\
7KH DUUDQJHPHQW RI WKLV SDSHU LV DV IROORZV 
&RQVWUXFWLRQDO GHWDLOV DQG WKH GHVLJQ SDUDPHWHUV RI WKH
SURSRVHG DQWHQQD DUH SUHVHQWHG VHFWLRQ ,, ,Q VHFWLRQ ,,, § C  NS ·
G    ORJ¨¨  ¸¸ G%L    
VLPXODWLRQ UHVXOWV DUH SUHVHQWHG DQG GLVFXVVHG 7KH © O ¹
FRQFOXVLRQLVLQVHFWLRQ,9
 
NLVWKHQXPEHURIWXUQVSLVWKHVSDFLQJEHWZHHQWKH
,, $17(11$'(6,*1$1'*(20(75< WXUQVDQGLVWKHZDYHOHQJWK1H[WWKHGLUHFWLYLW\ ' RI
WKHDQWHQQDFDQEHLVHVWLPDWHGE\

)LUVWO\ WKH DQWHQQD LV GHVLJQHG WR RSHUDWH DW WKH  
IUHTXHQF\ RI  *+] 7DEOH  VKRZV WKH SDUDPHWHU § C  NS ·   
UDQJHIRUWKHRSWLPXPSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHKHOLFDODQWHQQD D ¨¨ ¸¸ G%L
© O

¹
%DVHGRQWKHWDEOHWZRSDUDPHWHUVDUHFKRVHQZLWKRXWWKH
QHHG RI FDOFXODWLRQV 7KHVH WZR SDUDPHWHUV DUH WKH 
QXPEHU RI WXUQV 1  ZKLFK LV VHOHFWHG WR EH  WXUQV DQG 7KHKDOISRZHUEHDPZLGWK +3%: LVFDOFXODWHGE\

WKHSLWFKDQJOH Į ZKLFKLVVHOHFWHGWREHž
,QWKLVVHFWLRQWKHDQWHQQDGHVLJQVWHSVDUHGHVFULEHG § 
·
¨ q O  ¸
)URPWKDWWKHZDYHOHQJWK Ȝ LVGHULYHG +3%: ¨ ¸ ž   
¨ C NS ¸
© ¹
c 7KH %HDP ZLGWK EHWZHHQ WKH ILUVW QXOOV %:)1  LV
 O      
f FDOFXODWHGE\
  

238
§ 
· 
 %:)1
¨ q O  ¸ 
¨ ¸ ž    
¨ C NS ¸
© ¹ 
 
)LQDOO\WKHD[LDOUDWLR $5 LVFDOFXODWHGE\ 
 
§ N  · 
AR ¨ ¸      
© N ¹ 
 
7$%/(,,(67,0$7('3(5)250$1&()257+($17(11$ 

3DUDPHWHU 9DOXH 
&HQWHUIUHTXHQF\ *+] )LJXUH ''HVLJQYLHZRIWKHSURSRVHGDQWHQQD
1XPEHURIWXUQV 1  
,,, 5(68/76$1'',6&866,216
3LWFKDQJOH Į  ž
,Q WKLV VHFWLRQ WKH VLPXODWLRQ UHVXOWV RI WKH SURSRVHG
:DYHOHQJWK Ȝ  FP DQWHQQD DQG LWV SHUIRUPDQFH DQDO\VLV DUH SUHVHQWHG 7KH
SHUIRUPDQFHLVHYDOXDWHGWKURXJKWKHUHWXUQORVVWKHJDLQ
6SDFLQJEHWZHHQWKHWXUQV 6  FP
WKHGLUHFWLYLW\WKH96:5DQGWKHUDGLDWLRQSDWWHUQ

:LUHGLDPHWHU '  PP


&LUFXPIHUHQFH &  FP

*DLQ *  G%  

'LUHFWLYLW\ '  G% 




+DOISRZHUEHDPZLGWK +3%:  ž 

G%


%HDP ZLGWK EHWZHHQ WKH ILUVW QXOOV ž  
%:)1 
 P

$[LDO5DWLR  






7KHSURSRVHGDQWHQQDJHRPHWU\LVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH  

    
 )UHT>*+]@

 )LJXUH 5HWXUQ/RVV

 5HWXUQORVVLVDQHVVHQWLDOSDUDPHWHUZKHQHYDOXDWLQJ
 SHUIRUPDQFH RI DQ\ 5) GHYLFH ,W LV GHVFULEHG DV KRZ
 6 PXFKSRZHULVUHIOHFWHGDWLQSXWWHUPLQDOVRIDQDQWHQQD
 ,Q WKH FDVH ZKHQ WKH WUDQVPLVVLRQ OLQH LPSHGDQFH LV QRW
 FRUUHFWO\PDWFKHGZLWKWKHDQWHQQDLPSHGDQFHDIUDFWLRQ
 RI GHOLYHUHG SRZHU LV UHIOHFWHG EDFN )LJXUH  VKRZV WKH
 VLPXODWHG UHVXOWV RI WKH UHWXUQ ORVV RI WKH SURSRVHG
 DQWHQQD ,W FDQ EH REVHUYHG WKDW WKH UHWXUQ ORVV DW WKH
 UHVRQDQWIUHTXHQF\RI*+]LVG%7KLVVKRZV
 WKDWWKHUHWXUQORVVLVPRUHQHJDWLYHDQGKHQFHWKHSRZHU
 IHGLVDEVRUEHGDQGOHVVUHIOHFWHG
$QRWKHU LPSRUWDQW SDUDPHWHU WR HYDOXDWH WKH DQWHQQD
)LJXUH $QWHQQD'HVLJQ*HRPHWU\ SHUIRUPDQFHLVWKHDQWHQQDJDLQ7KLVGHVFULEHVKRZPXFK
SRZHU LV WUDQVPLWWHG LQ WKH GLUHFWLRQ RI SHDN UDGLDWLRQ DW
7KH'GHVLJQYLHZRIWKHSURSRVHGDQWHQQDLVVKRZQ
SDUWLFXODUUHVRQDQWIUHTXHQF\
LQ)LJXUH





 239
 SURSRVHG DQWHQQD ,W FDQ EH REVHUYHG WKDW D PD[LPXP
 JDLQ RI  G% LV DFKLHYHG DW WKH UHVRQDQW IUHTXHQF\ RI
  *+] +RZHYHU WKH FDOFXODWHG YDOXH RI WKH JDLQ LV
 G%
 7KH DQWHQQD EDQGZLGWK LV DQRWKHU HOHPHQWDU\
 SDUDPHWHU ZKHQ HYDOXDWLQJ WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI DQ
 DQWHQQD7KHEDQGZLGWKFDQEHGHVFULEHGDVWKHUDQJHRI
 IUHTXHQFLHV RYHU ZKLFK WKH DQWHQQD FDQ WUDQVPLW RU
 UHFHLYHHOHFWURPDJQHWLFHQHUJ\8VXDOO\DQWHQQDVRSHUDWH
 QHDU WKH UHVRQDQW RU FHQWUH IUHTXHQF\ ,Q )LJXUH  D
EDQGZLGWKRI0+]LVYLVLEOH



 A. Comparison with the previous research
)LJXUH $QWHQQDJDLQ 
7KHSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHSURSRVHGDQWHQQDLVHYDOXDWHG
 DW WKH UHVRQDQW IUHTXHQF\ RI  *+] 7KH UHVXOWV
7ZR LPSRUWDQW FKDUDFWHULVWLFV WKH WUDQVPLWWHG SRZHU FRPSDUHGZLWKWKHSXEOLVKHGUHVXOWVLQWKHOLWHUDWXUH>@
DQG WKH GLUHFWLYLW\ FDQ EH REWDLQHG IURP WKH JDLQ DQGDUHSUHVHQWHGLQ7$%/(,,,
PHDVXUHPHQW 
 7$%/(,,,$17(11$3(5)250$1&(&203$5,621:,7+7+(35(9,286
  5(6($5&+

 3DUDPHWHU ([LVWLQJ'HVLJQ>@ 3URSRVHG'HVLJQ


 )UHTXHQF\ *+] *+]

96:5



*URXQG 3ODQH PP PP


 
'LDPHWHU


 1XPEHURI7XUQV WXUQV WXUQV
P




*DLQ G% G%



   
)UHT>*+]@


 5HWXUQ/RVV G% G%


)LJXUH 6LPXODWHG96:5
%DQGZLGWK  0+]
7KH UHVXOWV VKRZ WKDW WKHUH LV D GLVFUHSDQF\ RI 
G% EHWZHHQ WKH FDOFXODWHG DQG WKH VLPXODWHG JDLQ 96:5  
6LPLODUO\DGLIIHUHQFHRIG%EHWZHHQWKHFDOFXODWHG
DQGWKHVLPXODWHGYDOXHVRIGLUHFWLYLW\LVREVHUYHG 
 
7DEOH ,,, VKRZV WKDW WKHUH LV D UHPDUNDEOH
  
LPSURYHPHQW LQ WKH UHWXUQ ORVV WKH DQWHQQD JDLQ DQG WKH
 
DQWHQQD GLPHQVLRQV FRPSDUHG WR WKH H[LVWLQJ GHVLJQ
  SXEOLVKHG LQ WKH OLWHUDWXUH >@ 7KH UHWXUQ ORVV LV
  
HQKDQFHG E\  ZKLFK LV  G% DQG DQ
 
LPSURYHPHQW RI  LQ WKH JDLQ LV REVHUYHG ZLWK D
 
YDOXHRIG%,QDGGLWLRQWKHJURXQGSODQHGLDPHWHULV
 UHGXFHG E\  7KH DQWHQQD KDV D 96:5 RI  7KH
   LPSURYHGUHVXOWVDUHVXIILFLHQWIRUHVWDEOLVKLQJWKHUHOLDEOH
 FRPPXQLFDWLRQLQ8$9DSSOLFDWLRQV
 

 ,9 &21&/86,21
 
 
 $QHQKDQFHGD[LDOPRGHKHOLFDODQWHQQDIRUXQPDQQHG
 DHULDO YHKLFOH 8$9  DSSOLFDWLRQV LV SUHVHQWHG LQ WKLV
 

 SDSHU 7KH DQWHQQD LV VLPXODWHG DQG DQDO\]HG DQG WKH
)LJXUH 7KHDQWHQQDUDGLDWLRQSDWWHUQ SHUIRUPDQFHDVVHVVPHQWLVSUHVHQWHG7KHDQWHQQDUHVXOWV
VKRZ WKDW WKHUH LV D UHPDUNDEOH HQKDQFHPHQW RI 
)LJXUH  VKRZV WKH VLPXODWHG 96:5 UHVXOWV RI WKH DQGLQWKHUHWXUQORVVDQGWKHJDLQUHVSHFWLYHO\7KH
SURSRVHGDQWHQQD,WFDQEHVHHQWKDWD96:5RIDW DQWHQQD KDV D 96:5 ORZHU WKDQ  )XUWKHUPRUH WKH
*+]LVHYLGHQW7KHYDOXHLVYHU\FORVHWRXQLW\DQG HQKDQFHGUHVXOWVDUHDFKLHYHGE\UHGXFLQJWKHGLDPHWHURI
WKLV LQGLFDWHV WKDW WKHUH LV D PD[LPXP SRZHU WUDQVIHU WR WKH JURXQG SODQH 7KXV LW LV UHFRPPHQGHG WKDW WKH
WKH ORDG )LJXUH  VKRZV WKH UDGLDWLRQ SDWWHUQ RI WKH SURSRVHGDQWHQQDFDQEHXVHGLQ8$9DSSOLFDWLRQV

240
5()(5(1&(6 >@ + 7 +RQ DQG . % 7RK ³6LJQDO &RUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ 7ZR
1RUPDO0RGH +HOLFDO $QWHQQDV IRU 'LYHUVLW\ 5HFHSWLRQ LQ D
>@ % 3UHHWKDP .XPDU DQG * 5 %DQQHU ³'HVLJQ RI 8QHTXDOO\ 0XOWLSDWK (QYLURQPHQW´ 7UDQVDFWLRQV RQ $QWHQQDV DQG
6SDFHG $UUD\V IRU 3HUIRUPDQFH ,PSURYHPHQW´ 7UDQVDFWLRQV RQ 3URSDJDWLRQVYROSS
$QWHQQDVDQG3URSDJDWLRQV¶YROSS >@ 6 ) 0DKDULPL 0 ) $EGXO 0DOHN 0 ) -DPORV 6 & 1HRK
>@ 6 $EGXOODK 6 , 6\HG +DVVDQ ³'HVLJQ 6PDOO 6L]H RI +LJK DQG 0 -XVRK ,PSDFW RI 6SDFLQJ DQG 1XPEHU RI (OHPHQWV RQ
)UHTXHQF\ +)  +HOLFDO $QWHQQD´ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &ROORTXLXP RQ $UUD\)DFWRUSS
6LJQDO3URFHVVLQJ ,WV$SSOLFDWLRQV &63$ SS >@ â 0DMD DQG % =RUDQ ³+HOLFDO $QWHQQDV LQ 6DWHOOLWH 5DGLR
>@ : =H+DL DQG ( . 1 <XQJ ³WXUQ +HOLFDO $QWHQQD ZLWK &KDQQHO´ $YDLODEOH DW KWWSFGQLQWHFKRSHQFRPSGIV
([WUHPHO\ 6PDOO 3LWFK $QJOH´ ,QVWLWXWH RI (OHFWULFDO DQG ZPSGI
(OHFWURQLFV(QJLQHHUVSS >@ 5 ' $QWRQLMH * = $OHQND  DQG 0 , 0LODQ ³(QKDQFLQJ WKH
>@ <<DPDGD :*+RQJ : + -XQJ DQG 1 0LFKLVKLWD ³+LJK *DLQ RI +HOLFDO $QWHQQDV E\ 6KDSLQJ WKH *URXQG &RQGXFWRU´
3HUIRUPDQFH 1RUPDO 0RGH +HOLFDO $QWHQQDV IRU 5),' 7DJV´ $QWHQQDV DQG :LUHOHVV 3URSDJDWLRQ /HWWHUV YRO  SS
,QVWLWXWH RI (OHFWULFDO DQG (OHFWURQLFV (QJLQHHUV SS  
 >@ 1 1LFRODV . + <DQJ / -DHMLQ 3 -LKRRQ $ *DYLQ /
>@ $00RQLVKDDQG.66DQWKRVK2SWLPXP'HVLJQRI$[LDO :RQFKHRO DQG * 'DYLG ³0LQLDWXUH +H[DIHUULWH $[LDO0RGH
0RGH+HOLFDO$QWHQQDZLWK1RQOLQHDU3LWFK3URILOHPRGHOHG +HOLFDO $QWHQQD IRU 8QPDQQHG $HULDO 9HKLFOH $SSOLFDWLRQV´
XVLQJ &DWPXOO5RP  6SOLQH DQG  3DUWLFOH  6ZDUP 2SWLPL]DWLRQ 7UDQVDFWLRQVRQ0DJQHWLFVYRO1RSS
 ,QVWLWXWH RI (OHFWULFDO DQG (OHFWURQLFV (QJLQHHUV SS 

























































 241

You might also like