Nota Statistik Asas

To build a Frequency Table:

Find the range of the data: Range = Largest value – smallest value

Use the range and try different class width to determine how many classes you need to make frequency
table or histogram.

Student data example: Range = 285 – 106 = 179/20 ≈ 9

If using a class width (class size) of 20, there’ll be about 9 classes.

Sturge’s Rule

A rule for determining number of classes to use in a histogram or frequency distribution table.

Sturge’s Rule: k = 1 + 3.322(log10 n), k is the number of classes, n is the size of the data.

k = 1 + 3.322(log10 21) = 5.4

Soalan latihan

1. Fifty staff members of a construction company were surveyed to find out what their
weekly salary was to the nearest dollar. The results are as follows:

514, 476, 497, 511, 484, 513, 471, 470, 441, 466, 443, 481, 502, 528, 459, 548, 521, 517,
463, 478, 473, 514, 542, 519, 522, 523, 546, 487, 486, 473, 527, 470, 440, 564, 499, 523,
484, 463, 461, 437, 555, 525, 461, 539, 466, 470, 486, 490, 543, 519

a. Are these discrete or continuous variables?

b. Choose an appropriate class interval and present these data in a frequency distribution
table.
c. Which class interval occurs most frequently?
d. Set up a frequency distribution table including columns for the relative frequency and
percentage frequency of the data.
e. What conclusions can you draw from the tables? Explain
2. Data mentah berikut menunjukkan ketinggian pelajar dalam sebuah kolej.
a. Adakah data ini selanjar atau tak selanjar?
b. Pilih selang kelas yang sesuai tanpa menggunakan petua Sturge dan tunjukannya
dalam satu jadual. Bagaimanakah anda tentukan selang kelas dan saiz kelas?
c. Guna petua Sturge dan sediakan jadual kekerapan. Bagaimanakah anda tentukan
selang kelas dan saiz kelas?

90.2 139.4 179 83.8 136.5 169.6

91.4 144.3 195.1 86.2 137 166.8
86.4 136.5 183.7 85.1 129 157.1
87.6 135.4 178.7 88.6 139.4 181.1
86.7 128.9 171.5 83 125.6 158.4
88.1 136 181.8 88.9 137.1 165.6
82.2 128.5 172.5 89.7 133.6 166.7
83.8 133.2 174.6 81.3 121.4 156.5
91 145.6 190.4 88.7 133.6 168.1
87.4 132.4 173.8 88.4 134.1 165.3
84.2 133.7 172.6 85.1 139.4 163.7
88.4 138.3 185.2 91.4 138.1 173.7