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PROPOSAL
GROUP 1
GROUP MEMBERS:
1
Table of content
1 INTRODUCTION 3
2 OBJECTIVES 4
3 THEORY 5
5 PROCEDURE 7&8
6 CALCULATION 9&10
2
INTRODUCTION
There are 2 types of absorption processes which are physical absorption and chemical
absorption, depending on whether there is any chemical reaction between the solute and the
solvent (absorbent). When water and hydrocarbon oils are used as absorbents, no significant
chemical reactions occur between the absorbent and the solute, and the process is commonly
referred to as physical absorption. When aqueous sodium hydroxide (a strong base) is used as
the absorbent to dissolve an acid gas, absorption is accompanied by a rapid and irreversible
neutralization reaction in the liquid phase and the process is referred to as chemical
processes for absorbing CO2 and H2S with aqueous solution of monoethanolamine (MEA),
reversible chemical reaction takes place in the liquid phase. Chemical reactions can increase
the rate of absorption, increase the absorption capacity of the solvent, increase selectivity to
preferentially dissolve only certain components of the gas, and convert a hazardous chemical
to a safe compound. In addition,when conducting this operation, the packed tower in which
two fluids flowing in opposite directions enable a chemical component to be transferred from
one liquid phase to the other,occurs in almost chemical plants. Thus, a knowledge of the
characteristics of both fluid flow and of mass transfer in such towers is necessary for both
3
OBJECTIVES
1. To calculate rate of absorption of carbon dioxide into water from analysis of liquid
4
THEORY
Absorption is a mass transfer process in which a vapour solute in a gas mixture is dissolved
into a liquid phase, which the solute is more or less soluble. Absorption in common with
distillation usually uses special equipment for bringing gas and liquid phases into intimate
contact. The gas absorption unit in this experiment shows the absorption of air into water in a
packed column. The gas and liquid normally flow in a counter-friendly manner and the
packing provides contact and development of interfacial surface through which mass transfer
occurs.
Packed tower is a common apparatus used in gas absorption. The device consists of a tower,
equipped with a gas inlet an distributing space at the bottom; a liquid inlet and distributor at
the top; gas and liquid outlet at the top and the bottom and a supported mass of inert solid
shapes, called tower packing. Examples of the types of packing are Ceramic Ball saddle and
Raschig ring. These packing increase the increase the surface area of contact between the gas
There is a limit to the rate of gas flow in the packed tower; which is known as flooding
velocity. The tower will be unable to operate if this limit is exceeded. At loading point, which
is the point at which the droplets of liquid are carried up with the gas in the packed column,
the gas starts to prevent the liquid from flowing down, and thus, the pools of liquid start to
5
PARAMETERS OF GAS ABSORPTION
1) Type of packing
6
PROCEDURE
1. Fill the liquid reservoir tank of the Gas Absorption column with water. The total
2. The gas flow valve, which is air control valve, CV1 and CO2 gas control valve, CV2
must be closed at the beginning of the experiment, then start the liquid pump and
adjust the water flow to the column to approximately ___ litre/minute on flowmeter,
3. Start the compressor and adjust the flow of the air, CV2 to approximately 10% of the
4. Carefully open the pressure regulating of the CO2 cylinder and adjust the
corresponding valve, C3 to give a value approximately half of the air flowmeter (F2)
set before.
a. Ensure the liquid seal at the base of the absorption column is maintained by
5. After 15-20 minute of steady operation, take sample at the liquid outlet stream. Every
10 minutes interval after steady operation, take 150 ml samples at known times in
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Preparation for Chemical Solution needed for analysis
water,
distilled water.
2. Add the withdrawn sample into graduated cylinder and flick-off any sample that is
3. Add 5-10 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution. (1) above; if the sample turns
red immediately, no CO2 is present. If the sample remains colourless, titrate with
standard alkali solution. (2) above. Stir gently until a definite pink colour persists for
about 30 second. This colour change is the end point. *Take note the volume, Vb of
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CALCULATION
𝑉𝐵 × 0.0277
𝐶𝐶𝑂2 = (𝑔. 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒/𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒)
𝑉𝑑
Time VB CCO2
10
20
30
40
50
60
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3. Absorption rate (CO2) over time period (e.g. 30 mins):
Variables:
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