Professional Documents
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1)
Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, Roseggerstrase 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; denijel.burzic@tuwien.ac.at
2)
now at Institute of Mechatronic Control Engineering, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road,
Hangzhou, ZheJiang, 310027, P.R. China
3)
Chair of Metallurgy, University of Leoben, Franz-josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
4)
Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Vienna University of Technology, Favoritenstr. 9-11/E308, 1040 Wien, Austria
In part I of this paper, the decarburization and oxidation behavior of spring steel during simulated thermal cycles resembling the
conventional production process have been investigated experimentally. In part II, the results obtained from part I are studied theoretically
and numerically by various computational methods. The phenomena discussed in this study include the influence of composition on phase
transformation and on diffusion behavior of carbon, decarburization process calculations by simulations of diffusion controlled phase
transformations with the software DICTRA, and the development of a simple integrated model to describe simultaneously the
decarburization and oxidation kinetics. The simulations show good agreement with experimental results. Moreover, the simulation
methodologies can be used to optimize processing parameters and steel composition.
Figure 1. Oxide weight ratio in equilibrium in steel 54SiCr6 (0.55C- Figure 2. Oxide weight ratio in equilibrium in steel 51CrV4 (0.51C-
1.5Si-0.65Cr-0.65Mn, in mass-%)) as function of oxygen activity. 0.3Si-1.0Cr-1.0Mn-0.2V, in mass-%) as function of oxygen activity.
Figure 3. Influence of Cr, Mn and Si on A1 and A3 temperature of steel 54SiCr6 (other elements kept at nominal composition).
For comparison, the phase fraction diagram of another this section, the influence of the major alloying elements
steel 51CrV4 is shown in Figure 2. This steel contains on the equilibrium phase transformation temperatures and
only small amounts of silicon and it is apparent that, due to the carbon diffusion coefficient are investigated using the
the low concentration of silicon, only a small quantity of software and databases of MatCalc [9-11] version 5.21.
fayalite forms with a mass percentage of less than 0.05%.
However, more Cr2O3 and Mn2SiO4 form due to the higher Changes in Ae1 and Ae3 temperatures for Ȗ ĺ Į trans-
concentration of Cr and Si in this steel compared with formation. In Figure 3 the influence of the Si, Cr and Mn
54SiCr6. These computational results confirm the content on the Ae1 and Ae3 temperatures of the steel
experimental evidence that different chemical composition 54SiCr6 is summarized. Accordingly, Cr increases Ae1 but
leads to pronounced differences in the kind of oxides that decreases Ae3, Mn decreases both Ae1 and Ae3. Si increases
form. However, this investigation also indicates that there both Ae1 and Ae3. These effects are well known, as well as
is only little difference in the sequence of wustite (FeO), the fact that, at the same temperature, the diffusion
magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (Fe2O3) formation with coefficient of carbon in bcc iron is much higher than in fcc
activity of oxygen for steels 54SiCr6 and 51CrV4. iron. For the decarburization behavior of steel during
continuous cooling, this means that, if Ae1 and Ae3 are
Influence of elements on decarburization kinetics shifted to higher temperature, the temperature range of fast
diffusion in bcc is wider and more decarburization is
It is well known that alloying elements can strongly expected to occur during processing. From this viewpoint,
influence the steel decarburization behavior [16-18]. In it is obvious that Si can be expected to be detrimental if
§W · (1)
¨ ¸ kl t
© A¹
Figure 8. Mass increase curves from oxidation of 54SiCr6 steel in 2
furnace gas at different temperatures. §W · (2)
¨ ¸ kp t
© A¹
r2 2dDt (3)
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