Chapter-31

Mensuration II
(Surface Area and Volume)

Cuboid and Cube Note: A word cuboid is used for both, the hollow
cuboid and the solid cuboid. In any use of
Here we will introduce two rectangular solids, the word, the context in which it is used,
namely, a cuboid and a cube. Before going into will make the meaning clear.
the details of cuboid and cube, let me introduce a
term “Parallelopiped” to you (See the figure given (ii) Cube
below).
A cuboid whose length, breadth and height are all
A solid bounded by three pairs of parallel plane
equal is called a cube.
surfaces is called a parallelopiped. The plane surfaces
As with a cuboid, the word ‘cube’ is also used
are known as the faces of the parallelopiped.
for both the hollow cube and the solid cube. In
Each face of a parallelopiped is a parallelogram
any use of the word, the context in which it is
and opposite faces are congruent ie equal in all
used, will make the meaning clear. Each edge of a
respects.
cube is called its side.
Any two adjacent faces of a parallelopiped meet
along a line segment which is called an edge. A Important Formulae
parallelopiped has 12 edges. Point of intersection
of two edges is called a vertex or a corner. A (i) Volume of a Cuboid and a Cube
parallelopiped has 8 vertices or corners. Note that (a) Volume of a Cuboid : The volume V of a cuboid
at each vertex, three edges and three faces meet. of length = l cm, breadth = b cm and height = h cm
is given by
V = (l × b × h) cm3
Note: 1. While finding the volume of a cuboid, its
lengt h, br eadt h and height must be
expressed in the same units.
2 . From the above formula, we also obtain
that
Volume  V 
Length =  
(i) Cuboid l
Breadth  Height ie l =  b  h 
A cuboid is a solid bounded by six rectangular plane Volume  V 
regions. In other words, A parallelopiped whose faces l Breadth = Length  Height ie b =  
are rectangles and adjacent faces are perpendicular is l h 
called a rectangular parallelopiped or a cuboid. and
The figure given below represents a cuboid. It
Volume  V 
should be noted t hat it is not a plane figure, l Height = Length  Breadth ie h =  
although it is drawn on a sheet of the paper. l b 
(b) Volume of a Cube : We know that a cube is a
special type of a cuboid whose length, breadth and
height are all equal.
So, the volume V of a cube of side (or edge) l cm
is given by
V = (l × l × l) cm3 or V = l3 cm3
or, V = (side)3
564 Concept of Arithmetic

(ii) Surface Area of a Cuboid and a Cube Metre Cube and Cubic Metre: The solid region
formed by a cube of side 1 m is called a metre cube
(a) Surface Area of a Cuboid : Total surface area
and its volume is l cubic metre (lm3).
of the cuboid = 2 (length × breadth + breadth ×
Since 1 m = 100 cm
height + length × height) cm 2
 1 m3 = (100 × 100 × 100) cm3
Note:For the calculation of surface area of a cuboid,
= 1000000 cm3
the length, breadth and height must be
But, 1000 cm3 = 1 litre
expressed in the same units.
(b) Surface Area of a Cube : Since all the six faces  1000000 
of a cube are squares of the same size ie for a cube  1 m3 =   litres
 1000 
we have l = b = h. Thus, if l cm is the length of the 3
or, 1 m = 1000 litres or 1000 l.
edge or side of a cube, then surface area of the
Now, 1l = 1000 cm 3.
cube = 2 (l × l + l × l + l × l) = 2 × 3l2 = 6l2 = 6 (Edge)2.
1
(iii) Diagonal of a Cuboid and a Cube  1 cm3 = th of a litre
1000
(a) Diagonal of a Cuboid : If the edges of a cuboid This is generally called a millilitre (ml).
be l, b and h units of length, then its diagonal is Thus 1l = 1000 ml.
Cubic Millimetre: The volume of a solid cubical
l 2  b 2  h 2 . This can be proved with the help of region of side 1 mm is called a cubic millimetre
Pythagoras Theorem. (mm3).
(b) Diagonal of a Cube : Here the edges are all Since 1 cm = 10 mm
equal. Let each edge be l units.  1 cm3 = (10 × 10 × 10) mm3 = 1000 mm3
 diagonal = Note:1 m3 is also called a kilolitre. Thus,
l 2  l 2  l 2  l 3 units. 1 kilolitre = 1 m3
(c) The length of the longest rod that can be placed = 1000000 cm3
in a room whose dimensions are l, b and h = = 1000 × 1000 cm3
= 1000 litres [  1000 cm3 = 1 litre]
l 2  b2  h 2 .
Conversion of Units
Standard Units of Volume

K KUNDAN
Each of the various standard units introduced above
Since there are various units of measurement of
can be converted into the others by using the
lengt h like metr e, decimet r e, decamet r e et c
following table:
t her ef or e ther e ar e many standar d unit s of
measurements of volume. Units of Length Units of Volume
The volume of any solid figure is the amount Millimetre (mm) Cubic millimetre (mm3)
of space enclosed within its bounding faces. This Centimetre (cm) Cubic cent imet r e or
is measured by the number of cubic metres, or cubic millilitre
kilometres or cubic centimetres (or other units of 1 cm = 10 mm 1 cm3 = (10 × 10 × 10) mm3
cubic measure) it contains. Decimetre (dm) Cubic decimetre or litre
Cubic Centimetre : A cubic centimetre is the 1 dm = 10 cm 1 dm3 ( = 1 litre)
amount of space enclosed within the faces of a = (10 × 10 × 10) cm3
cube of which each edge is 1 centimetre. = 1000 cm3 = 1000 ml
Litre or Cubic Decimetre: The volume of the [  1 cm3 = 1 ml]
solid region formed by a cube of side 1 decimetre Metre Cubic metre (m3)
(dm) is called a litre or a cubic decimetre (1 dm3). 1m = 10 dm 1 m3 = (10 × 10 × 10) dm3
Since 1 dm = 10 cm = 1000 dm3
 1 dm3 = 1 dm × 1 dm × 1 dm = 1000 litre
= (10 × 10 × 10) cm3 = 1000 cm3
or, 1 litre = 1000 cm3.
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume)
Solved Examples
Ex. 1: A match box measures 4 cm by 2.5 cm
by 1.5 cm. What will be the volume of a
packet contai ning 12 such m at ch
boxes? How many such packets can be
placed in a card board box whose size
is 60 cm × 30 cm × 24 cm?
Soln: We have,
Volume of a match box
= (4 × 2.5 × 1.5) cm3 = 15 cm3
 Volume of a packet containing 12 match
boxes
= (12 × 15) cm3 = 180 cm3.
Now, volume of card board box
= (60 × 30 × 24) cm2 = 43200 cm3.
 Number of packets that can be put in a
 43200 
card board =   = 240.
 180 
Ex. 2: What will happen to the volume of a
cube if its edge is doubled?
Soln: Let the edge of the cube be l cm. Then, its
volume V is given by
V = l3 cm3 ....... (i)
Let V1 be the volume of the cube when its
edge is doubled.
K KUNDAN
Then, V1 = (2l) 3 cm3
[  Length of the edge of
new cube = 2l cm]
or, V1 = 8l3
or, V1 = 8V [Using (i)]
Hence, if each edge of the cube is doubled,
then the volume becomes 8 times.
Ex. 3: Three cubes whose edges measure 3 cm,
4 cm and 5 cm respectively to form a
single cube. If there be no loss of metal
in the process find its edge. Also, find
the surface area of the new cube.
Soln: Let x cm be the edge of the new cube.
Th en ,
Volume of the new cube = Sum of the
volumes of three cubes
The underlying concept for these type of
questions is that the total volume of a
solid does not change even when its
shape changes.
or, x3 = 33 + 43 + 53 =27 + 64 + 125
or, x3 = 216
or, x3 = 63
 x = 6 cm
 Edge of the new cube is 6 cm long
surface area of the new cube
= 6x2 = 6 × (6)2 cm2 = 216 cm2
Ex. 4: A rectangular block of ice measures 40
cm by 25 cm by 15 cm. Calculate its
9 But, (Area of the base × Height)
weight in kg, if ice weighs of the
10
565
weight of the same volume of water and
1 cm3 of water weighs 1 gm.
Soln: We have,
Volume of rectangular block of ice
= 40 × 25 × 15 cm3 = 15000 cm3
Now, weight of 1 cm3 of water = 1 gm
 9 
and weight of 1 cm3 of ice =  th of the
 10 
weight of 1 cm3 of water
 9 
Weight of 1 cm3 of ice =   gm.
 10 
 Weight of the rectangular block of ice
 9 
=  15000  gm = 13500 gm = 13.5 kg
 10 
Ex. 5: Eight identical cuboidal wooden blocks
are stacked one on top of the other.
The total volume of the solid so formed
is 128 cm3. If the height of each block
is 1 cm and base is a square, find the
dimensions of each block.
Soln: Let the length and breadth of the base of
each wooden block be x cm each. Since
eight identical blocks are stacked one on
top of the other and the height of each
block is 1 cm.
So, height of the solid formed = 8 cm.
 volume of the solid formed
= (x × x × 8) cm3 = 8x 2 cm3.
But the volume of solid formed is 128 cm3.
 8x2 = 128
128
or, x2 =
8
or, x2 = 16
or, x2 = 42
 x = 4 cm.
Hence, each wooden block is of dimension
4 cm × 4 cm × 1 cm.
Ex. 6: A rectangular water reservoir contains
42000 litres of water. Find the depth
of the water in the reservoir if its base
measures 6 m by 3.5 m.
Soln: We have,
Volume of the reservoir = 42000 litres
42000 3
= m [  1 m3 = 1000 litres]
1000
= 42 m3.
Length of the reservoir = 6 m
Breadth of the reservoir = 3.5 m
 Area of the base of the reservoir
= (6 × 3.5) m2 = 21 m2.
= Volume of the reservoir
566 Concept of Arithmetic

 Height or Depth of the reservoir But the surface areas is given as 54 cm2.
 6l2 = 54
Volume  42 
= =   m = 2m. 54
Area of the base  21 
or, l2 = = 9
Hence, the depth of the reservoir is 2 m. 6
2 2
Ex. 7: How many bricks of size 22 cm × 10 or, l = 3
cm × 7 cm are required to construct a  l = 3 cm
wall 33 m long, 3.5 m high and 40 cm Now, volume of the cube = l3 cm3
thick, if cement and sand used in the = 33 cm3 = 27 cm3.
Ex. 10: A cuboidal oil tin is 30 cm by 40 cm by
1
construction occupy th part of the 50 cm. Find the cost of the tin required
10 for making 20 such tins if the cost of
wall? tin sheet is Rs 20 per square metre.
Soln: We have, Soln: The cost of tins depends upon their total
Length of the wall = 33 m surface area.
Height of the wall = 3.5 m It is given that a tin is in the shape of a
Thickness of the wall = 40 cm cuboid such that
l = 30 cm, b = 40 cm and h = 50 cm
40
= m = 0.4 m  Surface area of one tin
100 = 2 (lb + bh + lh)
 Volume of the wall = 2(30 × 40 + 40 × 50 + 30 × 50) cm2
= (33 × 3.5 × 0.4) m3 = 46.2 m3 = 2 (1200 + 2000 + 1500) cm2
Volume of the space occupied by the = (2 × 4700) cm2 = 9400 cm2
cement and sand Surface area of 20 such tins
1 = (20 × 9400) cm2
= th of the volume of the wall = 188000 cm 2
10
188000
46.2 = m2 [  10000 cm2 = 1 m2]
= m2 = 4.62 m2 10000

K KUNDAN
10 = 18.8 m2
 Volume of the bricks Now, cost of 1 square metre of tin sheet
= (46.2 – 4.62) m3 = Rs 20.
= 41.58 m3  Cost of 18.8 m2 of tin sheet
= 41.58 × 1000000 cm 3 = Rs (20 × 18.8) = Rs 376
= 41580000 cm 3 Hence, the cost of making 20 tins
Now, = Rs 376.
Volume of a brick = (22 × 10 × 7) cm3 Ex. 11: The pai nt i n a certain container is
= 1540 cm3 sufficient to paint an area equal to
 Number of bricks 9.375 m2. How many bricks measuring
Volume of the bricks 22.5 cm by 10 cm by 7.5 cm can be
= painted out of this container?
Volume of a brick
Soln: We have,
 41580000  l = length of a brick = 22.5 cm
=   = 27000 b = breadth of a brick = 10 cm
 1540 
h = height of a brick = 7.5 cm
Ex. 8: Find the surface area of a cube whose  Surface area of a brick
volume is 512 m3. = 2 (lb + bh + lh)
Soln: Let the length of an edge of the cube be = 2( 22.5×10+10×7.5 + 7.5×22.5) cm 2
l m. = 2(225 + 75 + 168.75) cm2
Then, its volume is l3. = 937.5 cm 2.
But, the volume is given as 512 m3. The paint in the container is sufficient to
or, l3 = 512 paint area = 9.375 m2
or, l3 = 83 = 9.375 × 10000 cm 2
l = 8 m [  1 m2 = 10000 cm2]
Now, surface area = 6l2 = 6 × (8)2 m2
= 93750 cm 2.
= 6 × 64 m2 = 384 m2.
 Number of bricks that can be painted
Ex. 9: Find the volume of a cube whose surface
area is 54 cm 2 . 93750
Soln: Let the length of an edge of the cube be l out of the paint in the container =
937.5
cm. Then, its surface area is 6l2 cm2. = 100.
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume)
Ex. 12: A water tank built by a municipality of
a town to supply water to its 25000
inhabitants at 125 litres per day per
person is 40 m long and 31.25 m broad.
The tank, when it is full, can supply
water for two days to the inhabitants
of the town. Find the depth of the tank.
Soln: Water consumed by the inhabitants in one
day
= Number of inhabitants × Water consumed
by an inhabitant in one day
= (25000 × 125) litres
= 3125000 litres
 Water consumed by the inhabitants in
two days = (3125000 × 2) litres
= 6250000 litres
6250000
= m3 [  1000 litres = 1 m3]
1000
= 6250 m 3
 Volume of the tank = 6250 m3
 Depth of the tank
Volume  6250 
=  m = 5m
Length  Breadth  1250 
Ex. 13: A rectangular field is 154 m long and
121 m broad. A well of 14 m length and
11 m breadth is dug inside the field
and mud taken out is spread evenly
K KUNDAN
over the remaining part of the field to
a thickness of 25 cm. Find the depth
of the well.
Soln: We have, length of the well = 14 m
Breadth of the well = 11 m
 Area of the base of the well
= (14 × 11) m2 = 154 m2
Also, area of the field
= (154 × 121) m2 = 18634 m2
 Area of the field in which mud is spread
= (18634 - 154) m2 = 18480 m2
Thickness of the mud
25 1 = 10800 m3
= 25 cm = m m.
100 4
 Volume of the mud
 1 3 3 10800
= 18480   m  4620 m
 4
 Depth of the well
Volume of the mud taken out of the well
= the resulting cuboid.
Area of the base of the well
4620
= m = 30 m
154
Ex. 14: The sum of length, breadth and depth
of a cuboid is 19 cm and the length of
its diagonal is 11 cm. Find the surface
area of the cuboid.
Soln: Let the length, breadth and height of the
cube be l cm, b cm and h cm respectively.
Th en ,
567
l + b + h = 19 .... (i)
Diagonal = 11 cm
or, l 2  b 2  h 2  11
or, l + b2 + h2 = 121
2
.... (ii)
Now, l + b + h = 19
or, (l + b + h)2 = 192
or, l2 + b2 + h2 + 2 (lb + bh + lh) = 361
or, 121 + 2(lb + bh + lh) = 361
[Using (ii)]
or, 2 (lb + bh + lh) = 240
Hence, the surface area of the cuboid is
240 cm 2.
Ex. 15: A plot of land in the form of a rectangle
has a dimension 240 m × 180 m. A
drainlet 10 m wide is dug all around it
(on the outside) and the earth dug out
i s ev enl y spr ead ov er t he plot ,
increasing its surface level by 25 cm.
Find the depth of the drainlet.
Soln: Let the depth of the drainlet be x metres.
Width of the drainlet = 10 m.
Volume of the drainlet
= (260 × 10 × x + 260 × 10 × x + 180 ×
10 × x + 180 × 10 × x) m3
= (5200x + 3600x) m3 = 8800x m 3
When earth dug out is evenly spread over
the plot, we get a cuboid whose base area
is 240 × 180 m2 and height = 25 cm
= 0.25 m.
 Volume of earth spread over the plot
= (240 × 180 × 0.25) m3
Clearly, volume of earth spread over the
plot = Volume of the drainlet
 10800 = 8800x
or, x = = 1.227 m
8800
Ex. 16: Three cubes each of side 5 cm are joined
end to end. Find the surface area of
Soln: The dimensions of the cuboid so formed
are as under:
l = Length = 15 cm,
b = Breadth = 5 cm,
h = Height = 5 cm.
568
So, the surface area of the cuboid
= 2 (15 × 5 + 5× 5 + 15× 5) cm2
= 2 (75 + 25 + 75) cm2 = 350 cm2
Ex. 17: In the given figure, the shape of a solid
copper piece (made of two pieces with
dimensions as shown in the figure) is
shown. The face ABCDEFA i s t he
uniform cross-section. Assume that the
angles at A, B, C, D, E and F are right
angles. Calculate the volume of the
piece.
Soln: For the horizontal piece, we have
Length = 8 cm, Breadth = 22 cm, Height
= 3 cm
 Volume of the horizontal piece
= (8 × 22 × 3) cm3 = 528 cm3
For the vertical piece, we have
Length = 22 cm, Breadth = 2 cm,
Height = (5 + 3) cm = 8 cm
 Volume of the vertical piece
K KUNDAN
= (22 × 2 × 8) cm3 = 352 cm3
Hence, volume of the whole piece
= (528 + 352) cm3 = 880 cm3
Ex. 18: A metallic sheet is of the rectangular
shape with dimensions 48 cm × 36 cm.
From each one of its corners, a square
of 8 cm is cutoff. An open box is made of
the remaining sheet. Find the volume of
the box.
Soln: In order to make an open box, a square of
side 8 cm is cut off from each of the four
corners and the flaps are folded up.
Thus, t he box will have the following
dimensions:
Length = (48 – 8 – 8) cm = 32 cm
Breadth = (36 – 8 – 8) cm = 20 cm,
Height = 8 cm
 Volume of the box formed
= (32 × 20 × 8) cm3 = 5120 cm3
Concept of Arithmetic
Ex. 19: An agricultural field is in the form of a
rectangle of length 20 m and width 14
m. A pit 6 m long, 3 m wide and 2.5 m
deep is dug in a corner of the field and
the earth taken out of the pit is spread
uniformly over the remaining area of
the field. Find the extent to which the
level of the field has been raised.
Soln: Let ABCD be the field and let AB1C1D1 be
the part of the field where a pit is to be
dug.
Volume of the earth dugout
= (6 × 3 × 2.5) m3 = 45 m3 ... (i)
Area of the remaining part of the field
= Area of the field – Area of pit
= (20 × 14 – 6 × 3) m2 = 262 m2
The earth taken out of the pit is spread
uniformly over the remaining area of the
field. Let h metres be the level raised over
the f ield uniformly. Clearly, the earth
taken out forms a cuboid of base area 262
m2 and height h.
Volume of the earth dugout
= (262 × h) m3 ... (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
262h = 45
 45 
or, h =    0.1718m = 17.18 cm
 262 
Hence, the level is raised by 17.18 cm.
Ex. 20: A solid cube is cut into two cuboids of
equal volumes. Find the ratio of the
total surface area of the given cube and
that of one of the cuboids.
Soln: Let the edge of the solid cube be a units.
Since the cube is cut into two cuboids of
equal volumes. Therefore, the dimensions
of each of the cuboid are: length = a units,
a
breadth = a units and height = units.
2
Now,
S = Total surface area of cube = 6a2 sq
units.
S1 = Total surface area of one cuboid
 a a 
= 2 a  a  a    a 
 2 2 
= 4a2 sq units
 S : S1 = 6a2 : 4a2 = 3 : 2
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 569

Ex. 21: Water in a canal, 30 dm wide and 12 Ex. 23: A rectangular tank is 225 m by 162 m
dm deep, is flowing with a velocity of at the base. With what speed must
20 km per hour. How much area will it water flow into it through an aperture
i rr i gat e in 30 m i nut es i f 9 cm of 60 cm by 45 cm that the level may be
standing water is desired? raised 20 cm in 5 hours?
Soln: Water in the canal forms a cuboid whose Soln: Since the level of water rises by 20 cm in
5 hours. Therefore, the volume of the water
12
breadth = 12 dm = m = 1.2 m, flowed in the tank in 5 hours
10
 20 
30 =  225  162   m3
 100 
height = 30 dm = m = 3 m and
10 So, the volume of the water flowed in the
length = distance covered by water in 30 tank in one hour
minutes = Velocity of water × time
1 20 
30 =  225  162   m3
= 20000  m = 10000 m 5 100 
60
= 1458 m3 ... (i)
 Volume of water flown in 30 minutes Area of the cross-section of aperture
= lbh
= (1.2 × 3 × 10000) m3 = 36000 m3  60 45  2 27
=   m  m2
Suppose area irrigated be A m2. Then,  100 100  100
9 Let the speed of the water be x metres per
A = Volume flown in 30 minutes hour. Then,
100
volume of the water flowed in the tank in
9 one hour
or, A  = 36000 = (Area of cross-section of aperture) ×
100
(speed in metre per hour)
 A = 400000 m2
Hence, area irrigated = 400000 m 2.  27 

K KUNDAN
=  x ... (ii)
Ex. 22: A rectangular reservoir is 120 m long  100 
and 75 m wide. At what speed per hour
From (i) and (ii), we get
m ust wat er fl ow i nt o it t hr ough a
square pipe of 20 cm wide so that the 27
 x  1458
water rises by 2.4 m in 18 hours. 100
Soln: Volume of wat er accumulat ed in t he
reservoir in 18 hours 1458  100
or, x = m/hr
= (120 × 75 × 2.4) m3 27
 Volume of water accumulated in one or, x = 5400 m/hr
 120  75  2.4  Ex. 24: The external length, breadth and height
hour =   m3 of a closed rectangular wooden box are
 18 
18 cm, 10 cm and 6 cm respectively and
Now, cross-sectional area of the square
pipe 1
thickness of wood is cm. When the
2
 20 20 
=   m2 box is empty, it weighs 15 kg and when
 100 100  filled with sand it weighs 100 kg. Find
1 the weight of the cubic cm of wood and
= m2 = 0.4 m2 cubic cm of sand.
25
 Speed of water 1
Soln: Thickness of wood = cm
2
 120  75  2.4 
=   m/hr Internal length of wooden box
 18  0.4 
 1 1 
 120  75  2.4  = 18      17 cm
=   km/hr  2 2 
 18  0.4  1000 
Internal breadth of wooden box
= 30 km/hr
Hence, water must flow at the speed of  1 1 
30 km/hour into the reservoir. = 10      9 cm
 2 2 
570
Internal depth of wooden box
 1 1 
= 6      5 cm
  2 2 
 Internal volume of wooden box
= (17 × 9 × 5) cm3 = 765 cm3
External volume of wooden box
= (18 × 10 × 6) cm3 = 1080 cm3
Volume of wood
= External volume – Internal volume
= (1080 – 765) cm3 = 315 cm3
Weight of empty box = 15 kg
or, Weight of 315 cm3 wood is 15 kg
 Weight of 1 cm3 of wood
 15  1 2
=  kg = kg.
 315  21
Now, volume of sand = Internal volume of
box = 765 cm3
Weight of sand = Weight of box filled with
sand – Weight of empty box
= (100 – 15) kg = 85 kg
Volume of sand = 765 cm3
 Weight of 1 cm3 of sand
 85  1
=   kg = kg.
 765  9
Ex. 25: The out er di m ensi ons of a cl osed
wooden box are 10 cm by 8 cm by 7 cm.
Thickness of the wood is 1 cm. Find
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the total cost of wood required to make
box if 1 cm3 of wood cost Rs 2.00.
Soln: The external dimension of the box are:
Length = 10 cm, Breadth = 8 cm, Height
= 7 cm
 External volume of the box
= (10 × 8 × 7) cm3 = 560 cm3
Thickness of the wood = 1 cm
 Internal length = (10 – 2 =) 8 cm
Internal breadth = (8 – 2 =) 6 cm
Internal height = (7 – 2 =) 5 cm
 Internal volume = (8 × 6 × 5) cm3
= 240 cm3
Volume of the wood
= External volume – Internal volume
= (560 – 240) cm3 = 320 cm3
Hence, total cost of wood required to make
box
= Rs (320 × 2) = Rs 640.
Swimming Pool
Concept of Arithmetic
Suppose we have to find the volume of water in a
swimming pool. The heights of the water level are
h1 and h2, l is the length of the swimming pool,
and w is the width of the swimming pool.
Firstly, we have to note in the given figure
which cross-sectional area is the same throughout.
Face-vertical cross-sectional area, ie ABCD, is
the same throughout. ABCD is a trapezium.
 Volume of water in the swimming pool
= (Ar ea of cr oss-sect ion ABCD) ×
Corresponding height
= {Area of Trapezium ABCD} × w
1 
=  h1  h 2   l   w

Solved Examples
Ex. 26: See the figure of a roof-top house given
below.
Find the volume of the house.
Soln: In this case, we take side-vertical cross
section.
(see the Note of Ex. 27).
 Volume of the given house
1
= × Area of the (ABCD) × length of
2
the house (CH)
[  Side-vertical cross-section of the roof-
top house gives a trapezium ABCD having
par allel sides as AB and CD and the
height as BC]
1 
=   9  5   6  20
2 
= 840 m3
Ex. 27: The l engt h and t he wi dt h of a
swimming pool are 50 metres and 15
metres respectively. If the depth of the
swimming pool at one end is 10 metres
and at the other 20 metres, then find
the volume of water in the swimming
pool.
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume)
Soln:
If we take the face-vertical cross-section
of the swimming pool, we will have a
trapezium having parallel sides 10 m and
20 m and the height 50 m. (see Note)
 Volume of water in the swimming pool
= Area of the vertical cross-section of the
swimming pool × width of the swimming
pool
1 
=  10  20   50   15
2 
1
[  Area of the trapezium =
2
× (sum of
the parallel sides) × height]
= 11250 m3
Note: We will have two options of taking
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ver tical cr oss-sect ion: (i) Face-Vertical
Cross-Section and (ii) Side-Vertical Cross-
Section. We take that vertical cross-section
in which area remains the same for every
cross-section. For example, if we take side-
vertical cross-section in the above question,
area will be gradually increasing for every
cross-section. Also see Ex. 26.
Surface Area of the Walls of a Room
In the previous section, we have learnt the formula
for the surface area of a cuboid and a cube. In this
section, we will obtain a formula for the surface
area of the walls of a room. For this, let us consider
the following.
Make a card-board model of a room. Cut it along
its height through corner and spread it out as
shown in the figure given below, we see that it
has taken the form of a rectangle.
The breadth of this rectangle
= The height (H) of the room
The length of this rectangle
= Length + Breadth + Length + Breadth
of the room
= 2 (Length + Breadth) = 2 (l + b)
571
 Area of the four walls of the room
= Area of the rectangle
= Length of the rectangle × Height of the
rectangle
= 2 (l + b) × h
= 2(Length + Breadth) × Height
= (Perimeter of the floor) × height
[  2(l + b) = Perimeter of the floor]
1. Area of four walls
= 2(Length + Breadth) × Height
Area of four walls
2. Height = 2(Length  Breadth)
Area of four walls
3. Length + Breadth =
2  Height
Total cost
4. Area of four walls = Cost of 1 sq unit
Solved Examples
Ex. 28: Find the area of the four walls of a
room whose length is 6 m, breadth 5
m and height 4 m. Also find the cost of
white-washing the walls, if the rate of
whi t e washi ng i s Rs 5 per squar e
m et r e. ( Door s, wi ndows and ot her
openings ignored).
Soln: Here, l = 6 m, b = 5 m and h = 4 m.
 Area of the walls = 2h (l + b)
= [2 × 4 × (6 + 5)] m2
= (8 × 11) m2 = 88m2
Cost of white-washing of 1 square metre
= Rs 5.
 Cost of white washing the walls
= Rs (5 × 88) = Rs 440.
Ex. 29: A hall is 21 m long, 14 m broad and
8 m hi gh. It has t wo door s each
2.5 m × 2 m and four windows each
1.5 m × 1 m, find the cost of colouring
the walls at Rs 15 per sq. m.
Soln: Area of four walls = 2 (l + b) × h
= 2 (21 + 14) × 8 sq m
= 2 × 35 × 8 sq m = 560 sq m.
Area of two doors = (2.5 × 2) × 2 sq m.
= 10 sq m.
Area of four windows
= (1.5 × 1) × 4 sq m = 6 sq m.
Area of the walls to be coloured
= (560 – 10 – 6) sq m
= 544 sq m.
Cost of colouring the walls at Rs 15 per
sq m.
= Rs (544 × 15) = Rs 8160.
572 Concept of Arithmetic

Ex. 30: A room is 7 metres long and 5 metres  Total area to be cemented
broad, the door and windows occupy 5 = [280 + 300] m2 = 580 m2
sq metres and the cost of papering the Cost of cementing of 1 square metre
remaining part of the surface of the = Rs 12.
walls with paper 75 cm wide, at Rs  Cost of cementing the floor and the walls
46.20 per piece of 13 m is Rs 431.20. = Rs [12 × 580] = Rs 6960.
Find the height of the room. Ex. 33: Length of a classroom is two times its
 431 .20  1
Soln: Number of pieces of paper =  
height and its breadth is 1 times its
 46 .20  2
 Length of the paper
height. The cost of white-washing the
 431 .20   364  walls at the rate of Rs 1.60 per sq m is
=    13 m =  m
 46 .20   3  Rs 179.20. Find the cost of tilling the
floor at the rate of Rs 6.75 per sq m.
 364 75  Soln: Let the height of the classroom be h
Area of paper =     91 sq m
 3 100  metres. Then,
Length = 2h metres and, Breadth
Area of walls = (91 + 5 =) 96 sq m
Now, area of walls = 2 (7 + 5) × Height 3
= (24 × Height) sq m = h metres.
2
 According to the question,
24 × Height = 96  Area of the four walls
= 2 × Height × (Length + Breadth)
96
 Height = = 4 metres 3 
24  
Ex. 31: A hall, whose length is 16 metres and = 2  h   2h  h   sq m
  2 
breadth twice its height, is needed 168
metres of paper 2 metres wide for its   4h  3h 
four walls. Find the area of the floor. = 2  h     sq m
  2 
Soln: Let the breadth = 2h metres, then height

K KUNDAN
= h metres.
 7h 
Area of walls = 2 (16 + 2h)h sq metres = 2  h  sq m = 7h2 sq m.
Area of paper = (168 × 2) sq metres  2 
Now, according to the question, Cost of white-washing of 1 sq m = Rs 1.60
2 (16 + 2h)h = 168 × 2  Cost of white-washing of the four walls
 (8 + h)h = 84 = Rs (1.60 × 7h2) = Rs 11.20h2
or, h2 + 8h – 84 = 0 But the cost of white washing is given as
or, h2 + 14h – 6h – 84 = 0 Rs 179.20.
or, h (h + 14) – 6 (h + 14) = 0  11.20h2 = 179.20
or, h = 6 and –14 179.20
Negative value of h should be omitted. or, h2 = = 16
 h = 6 11.20
 Height = 6 m and or, h2 = 42
breadth = (6 × 2 =) 12 m or, h = 4
 Area of the floor  Length of the classroom = (2 × 4)m = 8m
= (16 × 12 =) 192 sq metres Breadth of the classroom
Ex. 32: A swimming pool is 20 m in length, 15
3
=   4  m = 6m
m in breadth, and 4 m in depth. Find
the cost of cementing its floor and walls 2 
at the rate of Rs 12 per square metre.  Area of the floor of the room
Soln: We have, = (8 × 6) m2 = 48 m2.
l = length of the swimming pool = 20m Cost of tilling of 1 sq m of the floor
b = breadth of the swimming pool=15m = Rs 6.75
h = height of the swimming pool = 4m.  Cost of tilling the floor
 Area of the four walls of the swimming = Rs (6.75 × 48) = Rs 324.
pool Ex. 34: The cost of papering the walls of a hall
= 2h(l + b) at 35 pai se per square metre is Rs
= [2 × 4 × (20 + 15)] m2 157.50. The height of the hall is 5 m.
= 8 × 35 m2 = 280 m2 Find its length and breadth, if they are
Area of the floor of the swimming pool in the ratio 3 : 2.
= l × b = 20 × 15 m2 = 300 m2.
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 573

Soln: Rate of papering = 35 paise per sq m. Let the height of the room be h metres.
Cost of papering the four walls Th en ,
= Rs 157.50 = 15750 paise Area of four walls
= 2(length + breadth) × height
15750
 Area of four walls = sq m = 2(6 + 9) × h m2 = 30 h sq m
35 Area of 1 door and 2 windows = 8 sq m
= 450 sq m.  Area to be papered
or, 2 × h (l + b) = 450 = Ar ea of 4 walls – Area of 1 door
or, 2 × 5 (l + b) = 450 and 2 windows
= (30h – 8) sq m
450
or, l + b = = 45  Cost of papering walls at Rs 1.40 per
10 m2 = Rs (30h – 8) × 1.40
But l : b = 3 : 2 or, (30h – 8) × 1.40 = 240.80
Let length (l) be 3x m and Breadth (b) be [  Cost = Rs 240.80 (given)]
2x m.
 l + b = 45 240.80
or, (30h  8) 
 3x + 2x = 45 1.40
or, 5x = 45 24080
or, 30h  8 
45 140
or, x = = 9
5 2408
Hence length = (3 × 9 =) 27 m or, 30h  8 
14
and breadth = (2 × 9 =) 18 m. or, 30h – 8 = 172
Ex. 35: A room is half as long again as it is or, 30h = 180
broad. The cost of carpeting the room  h = 6
at Rs 3.25 per sq m is Rs 175.50 and  Height = 6m
the cost of papering the walls at Rs Hence, the dimensions of the room are:
1.40 per sq m is Rs 240.80. If 1 door length = 9 m, breadth = 6 m and

K KUNDAN
and 2 windows occupy 8 sq m, find the height = 6 m
dimensions of the room.
Soln: Let the breadth of the room be x m. Then, Prism
length
A prism is a solid, whose side faces are parallelograms
 x  3x  and whose ends (or bases) are congruent parallel
= x   m   m
rectilinear figures.
 2  2 
 Area of the room In the figure given below, there is a prism whose
ends are rectilinear figures ABCDE and ABCDE .
 3x   3x 2 
= x   m2 =  
 sq m
 2   2 
or, cost of carpeting the room at the rate
of Rs 3.25 per sq m
 3x 2 
= Rs  2  3.25 
 

3x 2
or,  3.25 = 175.50
2
[  Cost of carpeting = Rs 175.50 (given)]
175.50  2 351
or, x2 = 
3  3.25 3  3.25

351 3510 I
=  = 36
6.5 65
 x = 6 Important Terms Related to Prism
Thus, breadth = 6m and length
(a) Base of a Prism: The end on which a prism
 3 6  may be supposed to stand is called the base of the
=  m = 9 m
 2  prism.
574 Concept of Arithmetic

In the above figure ABCDE and ABCDE are Triangular Prism and Right Triangular
the bases of the prism. Every prism has two bases. Prism
( b) Height of a Prism: The per pendicular
Triangular Prism: A prism is called a triangular
distance between the ends of a prism is called the
prism if its ends are triangles.
height of the prism.
Right Triangular Prism: A right prism is called
In the above figure BF is the perpendicular a right triangular prism if its ends are triangles.
distance between the ends ABCDE and ABCDE . In other words, a triangular prism is called a
So, it is the height of the prism shown in the right t riangular prism if its lateral edges are
above figure. perpendicular to its ends.
(c) Axis of a Prism: The straight line joining The prism shown in figure (III) is a triangular
the centres of the ends of a prism is called the prism whereas the prism shown in figure (IV) is a
axis of the prism. right triangular prism.
In the abov e figure, a straight line passing
through O and O is the axis of the prism.
(d) Lateral Faces: All faces other than the bases
of a prism are known as its lateral faces.
In the above figure ABBA , BC CB, CD DC
etc are lateral faces.
(e) Lateral Edges: The lines of intersection of
the lateral faces of a prism are called the lateral
edges of the prism.
In the above figure AA , BB, CC, DD and EE 
are the lateral edges of the prism.

Regular Prism and Right Prism

Regular Prism: A prism is called a regular prism III IV

K KUNDAN
if ends are regular figures.
Right Prism: A prism is called a right prism if
its lateral edges are perpendicular to its ends
(bases). Otherwise it is said to be an oblique prism.
The prism shown in figure (I) is an oblique prism
whereas the prism shown in figure (II) is a right
prism.
A prism is said to be a quadrilateral prism or a
pent agonal pr ism or a hexagonal prism et c
according as the number of sides in the rectilinear
figure forming the ends (base) is four or five or six
etc.
If t he ends of a quadrilater al pr ism ar e
parallelograms, t hen it is also known as a
parallelopiped.
A quadrilateral prism with its ends as squares
is called a rectangular solid or a cuboid.
Figure (V) shows a right pentagonal prism and
figure (VI) shows a rectangular solid.

II
In a right prism, length of the prism is same as
its height. Also, all lateral edges are of the same
length equal to the height of the prism. It is also
evident from the definition of a right prism that
its all lateral faces are rectangles. The number of
lateral edges and lateral faces of a prism is same
as the number of sides in the base of the prism.
V VI
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 575

Volume and Surface Area of a Right Prism Total surface area

= Lateral surface area + Area of ends
( i ) Volume of a right prism
= Area of the Base × Height   3 
2

( i i) Lateral Surface area of a right prism = 576  2 4  8   cm2
   
= Perimeter of the Base × Height
( i ii ) Total Surface area of a right prism
= Lateral Surface area + Area of Ends 
= 576  32 3  cm2
= Lateral Surface area + 2 (Area of the = 631.424 cm 2
Base) Ex. 38: The perimeter of the base of a right
( iv) A Particular Case : If the base of a right pri sm st andi ng on an equi lat eral
prism is an equilateral triangle of side a triangle is 12 cm. If the length of the
and height h, then prism be 60 cm, find its volume and
Lateral surface area = 3a × h surface area.
Soln: Let t he lengt h of each side of t he
3 2 triangular base be a cm. Then,
Total surface area = 3a  h  a
2 Perimeter = 12 cm
or, 3a = 12 cm
3 2  a = 4 cm
Volume = a h
4
3
 Area of the base = a2
4
Solved Examples  3 
 2
=  4  4  cm2
Ex. 36: Find the area of the base of a right  
triangular prism having volume of 672
= 6.928 cm2 [  3 = 1.732]
cm3 and height 8 cm.
Soln: We have, Volume = Area of the base × Height
Volume = Area of the base × Height = 6.928 × 60 cm3

K KUNDAN
[  Height = Length = 60 cm]
Volume
or, Area of the base = = 415.68 cm3
Height Lateral surface area
= Perimeter of the base × Height
672 12 × 60 cm2 = 720 cm2
or, Area of the base = cm2 = 84 cm2
8 Total surface area
Ex. 37: The base of a ri ght pr i sm i s an = Lat eral sur f ace ar ea + 2(Ar ea of
equilateral triangle with a side 8 cm the base)
and its height is 24 cm. Find its volume, = (720 + 2 × 6.928) cm2
lateral surface area and total surface = 733.856 cm 2
ar ea. Ex. 39: A right prism of height 20 cm stands
Soln: We know that the volume V of a right on a triangular base whose sides are
triangular prism is given by V = Area of 13 cm, 14 cm and 15 cm, find its lateral
the base × Height. surface area, total surface area and
Since base is an equilateral triangle with volume.
a side 8 cm. Therefore, Soln: If a, b, c are the lengths of the sides of a
triangle and s is the semi-perimeter, then
3 its area A is given by
Area of the base =  (side )2
4
A = s (s  a ) (s  b ) (s  c )
 3 
2
 1
=  4  8  cm2 = 16 3 cm2 where s  (a  b  c )
  2
= 27.712 cm 2 Here, a = 13 cm, b = 14 cm and
c = 15 cm.

 V = 16 3  24 cm3
1
= 384 3 cm3 = 665.088 cm3  s = 13  14  15 = 21 cm.
2
Lateral surface area Thus,
= Perimeter of the base × Height Perimeter of the base = 2s = 42 cm.
= (8 + 8 + 8) × 24 cm2 = 576 cm2
576 Concept of Arithmetic

Area of the base

3
= s (s  a ) (s  b ) (s  c ) Now, Area of the base =  side 2
4

= 21(21  13)  (21  14)  (21  15 )  3 

  52  cm2  25 3 cm 2
 4  4
= 21  8  7  6  

=  Volume of the prism

738732
= Area of the base × Height
= 7 2  32  42  25 3 
 
= 7 × 3 × 4 cm2 = 84 cm2 =  4  50  cm3
 Lateral surface  
= Perimeter of the base × Height = 541.25 cm 3
= (42 × 20) cm2 = 840 cm2 Ex. 42: A right triangular prism of height 18
Total surface area cm and of base sides 5 cm, 12 cm and
= Lat eral sur f ace ar ea + 2(Ar ea of 13 cm is transformed into another right
the base) triangular prism on a base of sides 9
= (840 + 2 × 84) cm2 = 1008 cm2 cm, 12 cm and 15 cm. Find the height
Volume = Area of the base × Height of new prism and the change in the
= (84 × 20) cm3 = 1680 cm3 whole surface area.
Ex. 40: A right prism stands on a triangular Soln: We have,
base. The volume of the prism is 630 2s = Perimeter of the base
cm 3 and the sides of the base are 5 = (5 + 12 + 13) cm = 30 cm
cm, 5 cm and 8 cm. Find the height of  s = 15 cm.
the prism. Here, a = 5 cm, b = 12 cm and
Soln: If a, b, c denote the lengths of the sides of c = 13 cm
a triangle, then its area A is given by  Area of the base
A = s (s  a ) (s  b ) (s  c ) = s (s  a ) (s  b ) (s  c )

K KUNDAN
2 2
1 = 15  10  3  2 cm = 30 cm
where s  (a  b  c ) Let V1 be the volume of the prism. Then,
2
V1 = Area of the base × Height
Here, a = 5 cm, b = 5 cm and c = 8 cm.
or, V1 = (30 × 18) cm3 = 540 cm3
1 Let S be the total surface area of the prism.
s = (5  5  8) = 9 cm
2 Th en ,
S = Lat eral sur f ace ar ea + 2(Ar ea of
or, A = 9  (9  5)  (9  5)  (9  8 ) the base)
= Perimeter of t he base × height +
= 9  4  4  1 = 12 cm2 2(Area of the base)
Now, = (30 × 18 + 2 × 30) cm2 = 600 cm2
Volume = Area of the base × Height Let h be the height of the new prism and
2s 1 be the perimeter of its base.
Volume Th en ,
or, Height =
Area of the base 2s 1 = 9 + 12 + 15 = 36
or, s 1 = 18
630 The sides of the base are a = 9 cm,
 Height = cm  52.5 cm
12 b = 12 cm and c = 15 cm.
Ex. 41: The base of a ri ght pr i sm i s an  Area of the base
equilateral triangle of side 5 cm. If the
= s1 (s1  a ) (s1  b )(s1  c )
lateral surface area of the prism is 750
cm2, find its volume. = 18  9  6  3 cm2 = 54 cm2
Soln: We have,
Lateral surface area  Volume = Area of the base × Height
= Perimeter of the base × Height or, 540 = 54 × h
or, 750 = (5 + 5 + 5) × Height [Volume of the two prisms are same]
or, h = 10 cm
750 Thus, the new prism is of height 10 cm.
or, Height = cm  50 cm
15 Let S1 be the total surface area of the new
prism. Then,
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 577

S 1 = Perimeter of the base × height +

2
2(Area of the base) = 30  20  6  4 cm
= (36 × 10 + 2 × 54) cm2 = 468 cm2
= 5  6  5  4  6  4 cm2
 Change in the whole surface area
= S – S1 = 5 × 6 × 4 cm2 = 120 cm2
= (600 – 468) cm2 = 132 cm2 Volume of the prism
Ex. 43: The base of a right triangular prism = Area of the base × Height
is an equilateral triangle. If its height = 120 × 50 cm3 = 6000 cm3
is halved and each side of the base is Total surface area = Perimeter of the base
doubled, find the ratio of the volumes × height + 2(Area of the base)
of the two prisms. = (60 × 50 + 2 × 120) cm2
Soln: Let a be the length of each side of the = 3240 cm2
base of the giv en prism and h be it s Ex. 45: The t ot al sur face ar ea of a r ight
height. Then, its volume V 1 is given by triangular prism of the height 4 cm is
2
 3 2  72 3 cm . If the base of the prism is
 
V1 =  4 a  h  an equilateral triangle, find its volume.
  Soln: Let each side of the base of the prism be a
Let a1 be the length of each side of the cm. Then,
base of the new prism and h1 be its height. total surface area = 72 3 cm2
Th en ,
or, Perimeter of the base × height + 2(Area
h
a1 = 2a and h1 = of the base) = 72 3
2
If V2 is the volume of the new prism, then,  3 2
 
3 2 3 h or, 3a  4  2 4 a   72 3
V2 = a1  h1   2a 2   
4 4 2
or, 3a 2  24a  144 3  0

K KUNDAN
 3 2 
 
=  2 a h or, a 2  8 3a  144  0
 
or, a 2  12 3a  4 3a  144  0
3 2
V1 4
a h
1  
or, a a  12 3  4 3 a  12 3  0 
  
V2 3 2
a h
2 
or, a  4 3 a  12  3  0
2
or, a  4 3  0
or, V1 : V1 = 1 : 2
Ex. 44: The perimeter of the base of a right [ a  12 3  0 as a  0]
triangular prism is 60 cm and sides of
the base are in the ratio 5:12:13. Find or, a  4 3
its volume and total surface area, if  Volume of the prism
its height is 50 cm. = Area of the base × Height
Soln: Let a, b, c be the lengths of the sides of
the base of the prism.
Th en ,
=
3
4
   4 cm
 4 3
2
3

a : b : c = 5 : 12 : 13
or, a = 5x, b = 12x and c = 13x = 48 3 cm3
or, a + b + c = 30x
or, 60 = 30x Right Circular Cylinder
[  a + b + c = 60 cm (given)] A right circular cylinder is a solid described by
 x = 2 the revolution of a rectangle about one of its sides
 a = 10, b = 24 and c = 26. which remains fixed.
We have, 2s = 60. Thus if the rectangle ABCD revolves about the
 x = 30. side AB, it describes the cylinder shown in the
 Area of the base = s (s  a ) (s  b ) (s  c ) figure. AB is called the axis of the cylinder. The
circles described by AD and BC are called the ends.
= 30 (30  10 ) (30  24 ) (30  26) Either end on which the cylinder may be supposed
to stand, is called base. The height of a cylinder
578 Concept of Arithmetic

is the length of axis AB. The radius of the circular Total surface area of a cylinder
base is called the radius of the cylinder. = Curved surface + Area of two ends
= 2rh + 2r2 = 2r(h + r)

(iii) Volume and Surface Area of a Hollow

Cylinder
A solid bounded by two coaxial cylinders of the same
height and different radii is called a hollow cylinder.
Let R and r be the external and internal radii of
a hollow cylinder and h be its height as shown in
the figure given below. Then we have the following
results:
Curved or Lateral Surface
The curved surface joining the two bases of a right
circular cylinder is called its lateral or curved
surface.

Volume and Curved Surface (Area) of a

Cylinder

(i) Volulme of a Cylinder

(a) Each base surface areas = (R2 – r2) sq units

(b) Curved (lateral) surface area

K KUNDAN
If we take a right prism with a regular polygon for
base, and imagine the number of sides of the
polygon to increase indefinitely, then the polygon
ultimately becomes a circle and t he pr ism a
cylinder.
Hence, volume of a cylinder
= (area of base) × height
= 2rh; where r is the radius of the circular
base and h is the height of the
cylinder.
= (Exter nal sur f ace area) + (Int ernal
surface area)
= 2Rh + 2rh = 2h(R + r) sq units
(c) Total surface area
= 2Rh  2rh  2 (R 2  r 2 )
= 2h (R  r )  2(R  r ) (R  r )
= 2 (R  r ) (h  R  r ) sq units
(d) Volume of the material
= Exterior volume - Interior volume
= R 2h  r 2h = h (R 2  r 2 )

(ii) Curved or Lateral Surface Area of a Solved Examples

Cylinder
Ex. 46: The ci rcum fer ence of the base of a
cylinder is 132 cm and its height is
25 cm. Find the volume of the cylinder.
Soln: Let r cm be the radius of the cylinder.
Th en ,
Circumference = 132 cm
Imagine a hollow cylinder t o be made of thin or, 2r = 132 cm
cardboard, and cut along any straight line on its 22
surface parallel to its axis, then it can be spread or, 2   r  312
7
out into a rectangle whose sides are respectively,
the circumference and height of the cylinder. 132  7
Thus curved surface area or, r = cm
2  22
= circumference × height
= 2rh  r = 21 cm.
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 579

We have, h = height of the cylinder Ex. 49: The volume of a cylinder is 448 cm 3
= 25 cm. and hei ght 7 cm . Fi nd i t s l at er al
surface area and total surface area.
 Volume of the cylinder = r 2h
Soln: Let the radius of the base and height of
 22  the cylinder be r cm and h cm respectively.
=   21  21  25  cm3 Then, h = 7 cm (given).
 7 
Now, Volume = 448 cm 3
= 34650 cm3
Ex. 47: The diameter of a garden roller is 1.4 or, r 2h  448
m and it is 2 m long. How much area
or,   r 2  7  448 [  h = 7 cm]
will it cover in 5 revolutions?
(Use  = 22/7) 448
2
Soln: Clearly, or, r   64
7
Area covered = Curved surface ×
Number of revolutions. or, r = 8 cm
 Lateral surface area = 2rh cm2
1 .4
Here, r = m = 0.7 m and h = 2 m. 22
2 = 2  8  7 cm2 = 352 cm2
7
 Curved surface = 2rh sq m
22 
Total surface area = 2rh  2r 2  cm2
= 2  0.7  2 sq m
7 = 2r h  r  cm2
= 8.8 sq m
Hence, area covered 22
= 2  87  8  cm2
= Cur ved sur f ace ar ea × Number of 7
revolutions
= (8.8 × 5) m2 = 44 sq m 5280
= cm2 = 754.28 cm2
Ex. 48: A rectangular sheet of paper 44 cm × 7
18 cm is rolled along its length and a Ex. 50: If the radius of the base of a right

K KUNDAN
cylinder is formed. Find the volume of circular cylinder is halved, keeping the
the cylinder. height same, what is the ratio of the
(Use  = 22/7) volume of the reduced cylinder to that
Soln: When the rectangular sheet is rolled along of the original.
its length, we find that the length of the Soln: Let r be the radius of the base and h be
sheet forms the circumference of its base the height of the given cylinder.
and breadth of the sheet becomes the Then, radius of the base and the height
height of the cylinder.
Let r cm be the radius of the base and h r
of the reduced cylinder ar e and h
cm be the height. Then, h = 18 cm. 2
Now, circumference of the base respectively.
= length of the sheet Let V1 and V2 be the volumes of the given
 Circumference = 44 cm cylinder and reduced cylinder
respectively. Then,
V1 = r 2h cubic units, and,

2
r   2
V2 =   h  r h cubic units
2 4
or, 2r = 44
V1 r 2h
22  V  4
or, 2   r  44 2  (r 2 / 4)h
7
 r = 7 cm V2 1
or, V  4
 Volume of the cylinder = r 2h cm 3 1
 V2 : V1 = 1 : 4.
22 Ex. 51: Find the number of coins, 1.5 cm in
=  (7)2  18 cm3
7 diameter and 0.2 cm thick, to be melted
= 2772 cm3 to form a right circular cylinder of
height 10 cm and diameter = 4.5 cm.
580 Concept of Arithmetic

Soln: Clearly, each coin is a cylinder of radius. V2 = Volume of the cylinder of height 4h
r = 0.75 cm height h = 0.2 cm. and radius 3r
Therefore,
=   (3r )2  4h  36 r 2h cubic units

Volume of a coin =   (0.75)  0.2 cm 2
 3

Volume of the cylinder V1 20 r 2h 5

 V  
2 36  r 2h 9
= (  (2.25)2  10) cm3
 Number of coins  V1 : V2 = 5 : 9
Ex. 54: 2.2 cubic dm of brass is to be drawn
Volume of the cylinder i nto a cyl indr ical wi r e 0.50 cm i n
= diameter. Find the length of the wire.
Volume of a coin
Soln: Let the length of the wire be l cm.
  2.25 2  10 2.25  2.25  10 Clearly, wire forms a cylinder of radius
=  0.25 cm and height l cm.
  0.75 2  0.2 0.75  0.75  0.2
 Volume of the wire
= 3 × 3 × 50 = 450
 22 
Ex. 52: A glass cylinder with diameter 20 cm
=   (0.25 )2  l  cm3
has water to a height of 9 cm. A metal  7 
cube of 8 cm edge is immersed in it But, volume given
compl etely. C alculate the height by = 2.2 dm3
which water will rise in the cylinder. = (2.2 × 103) cm3
(Take  = 3.142) [  1 dm = 10 cm]
Soln: Suppose the water rises by h cm. Clearly, [ 1 dm3 = (10 × 10 × 10) cm3 = 103 cm3]
water in the cylinder forms a cylinder of = (2.2 × 1000) cm3 = 2200 cm3
height h cm and radius 10 cm.
 Volume of the water displaced 22
  0.25  0.25  l  2200
= Volume of the cube of edge 8 cm 7
or, r 2h  83 22 25 25

K KUNDAN
or,    l  2200
or, 3.142 × 102 × h = 8 × 8 × 8 7 100 100
[  r = 10 cm]
22 1 1
888 or,    l  2200
or, h = = 1.6 7 4 4
3.142  10  10
Hence, the required height = 1.6 cm 2200  4  4  7
l = cm
Ex. 53: The radii of two right circular cylinders 22
are in the ratio 2 : 3 and their heights = 11200 cm = 112 m.
are in the ratio 5 : 4. Calculate the ratio Hence, the length of the wire is 112 m.
of their curved surface areas and also Ex. 55: A solid cylinder has total surface area
the ratio of their volumes. of 462 square cm. Its curved surface
Soln: Let the radii of two cylinders be 2r and 3r area is one-third of its total surface
respectively and their heights be 5h and area. Find the volume of the cylinder.
4h respectively. Let S1 and S2 be the curved (Take  = 22/7)
surface areas of the two cylinders and V1 Soln: Let r be the radius of the base and h be the
and V2 be their volumes. height of the cylinder.
Th en , Th en ,
S1 = Curved surface area of the cylinder of
Total surface area = 2r (h  r ) cm2
height 5h and radius 2r
= 2  2r  5h  20rh sq units Curved surface area = 2rh cm2
S2 = Curved surface area of the cylinder of Now, curved surface area
height 4h and radius 3r 1
= (Total surface area )
= 2  3r  4h  24 rh sq units 3
S1 20  rh 5 1
 S  24 rh  6 or, 2rh  2r (h  r )
2 3
 S1 : S2 = 5 : 6 or, 6rh  2rh  2r 2
V1 = Volume of the cylinder of height 5h
and radius 2r or, 4rh  2r 2
=   (2r )2  5h  20 r 2h cubic units or, 2h = r
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 581

 Total surface area = 462 cm2 Ex. 57: A cylindrical pipe has inner diameter
 2r (h  r )  462 of 7 cm and water flows through it at
192.5 litres per minute. Find the rate
r  of flow in kilometres per hour.
or, 2r   r   462 Soln: Volume of water that flows per hour
2 
= (192.50 × 60) litres
 r = (192.50 × 60 × 1000) cm3 ..... (i)
 2h  r  h  2  Inner diameter of the pipe = 7 cm.
 
or, Inner radius of the pipe
3r
or, 2r   462
7
2
=cm = 3.5 cm.
2
22 3 2
or, 2    r  462 Let h cm be the length of the column of
7 2 water that flows in one hour. Clearly,
or, r2 = 49 water column forms a cylinder of radius
 r = 7 cm. 3.5 cm and length h cm.
 Volume of water that flows in one hour
r 7
Now, 2h  r  h   cm = Volume of the cylinder of radius 3.5 cm
2 2 and length h cm
Hence, volume of the cylinder
 22 
 22 7 =   3.5 2  h  cm3 ...... (ii)
2
= r h    72   cm3  7 
 7 2
From (i) and (ii), we get
= 539 cm3.
Ex. 56: A well with 10 m inside diameter is 22
 3.5  3.5  h = 192.50 × 60 × 1000
dug 14 m deep. Earth taken out of it is 7
spread all around to a width of 5 m to
form an embankment. Find the height  192 .50  60  1000  7 
or, h =   cm
of embankment.  22  3.5  3.5 

K KUNDAN
Soln: Volume of the earth dugout = (r 2h ) m3

=
22
7
 5  5  14 m3 = 1100 m3
= 300000 cm = 3 km.
Hence, the rate of flow of water is 3 km
per hour.
Ex. 58: Water is flowing at the rate of 3 km/hr

Soln:
t hr ough a ci r cul ar pi pe of 20 cm
internal diameter into circular cistern
of diameter 10 m and depth 2 m. In
how much time will the cistern be filled?
Suppose the cistern is filled in x hours.
Since water is flowing at the rate of 3
km/hr. Therefore, length of the water
column in x hours = 3x km = 3000x metres.
Clearly, the water column forms a cylinder
of radius
20 1
Area of the embankment (shaded region) r = cm = 10 cm = m
2 10
=  (R  r 2 )
and h = height (length) = 3000x metres.
 Volume of the water that flows in the
=  (102  562 ) m2
cistern in x hours = r 2h
22
=  75 m2
7  22 1 1 
=     3000 x  m3
 Height of the embankment  7 10 10 
Also, volume of the cistern
Volume of the earth dugout
=
Area of the embankment  22 
=   5  5  2  m3
 7 
1100 7  1100
=  = 4.66 m. [  r = 5 m, h = 2 m]
22 22  75
 75 Since the cistern is filled in x hours.
7
582 Concept of Arithmetic

 Volume of the water that flows in the on an average. How many words would
cistern in x hours is equal to the volume use up a bottle of ink containing one
of the cistern. fifth of a litre?
Soln: Volume of barrel
22 1 1 22
or,    3000x  552
7 10 10 7  22 
=  0.25  0.25  7  cm 3 = 1.375 cm3
 7 
 5  5  2  10  10 
or, x =   hours Volume of ink in the bottle
 3000 
1 1000
5 = litre = cm3 = 200 cm3
= hours = 1 hours 40 minutes. 5 5
3  Total number of barrels that can be filled
Ex. 59: Water is flowing at the rate of 7 metres from the given volume of ink
per second through a cir cul ar pi pe
whose internal diameter is 2 cm into a 200
= .
cylindrical tank the radius of whose 1.375
base is 40 cm. Determine the increase So, required number of words
in the water level in half an hour.
200
Soln: Rate of flow of water =  330 = 48000.
= 7m/sec = 700 cm/sec. 1.375
Ex. 61: The volume of a metallic cylindrical pipe
1
Length of the water column in hours is 748 cm3. Its length is 14 cm and its
2 ext er nal radi us i s 9 cm . Fi nd i t s
= (700 × 30 × 60) cm thickness.
Internal radius of circular pipe = 1 cm. Soln: We have,
Clearly, water column forms a cylinder of R = external radius of pipe = 9 cm
radius 1 cm and length (700 × 30 × 60) h = length of the pipe = 14 cm
cm. V = volume of the pipe = 748 cm3
 Volume of the water that flows in the Let r be the internal radius in centimetres.

K KUNDAN
Th en ,
1
tank in hour Volume = 748 cm3
2
or, (R 2  r 2 )h  748 cm3
 22 
=   1  700  30  60  cm3 .... (i)
 7 22 2
 or, (9  r 2 )  14  748
7
[Using V = r 2h ; where r = 1 cm,
h = 700 × 30 × 60 cm] 2 748
or, 81  r 
Let h cm be the rise in the level of water 44
in the tank. Then, or, 81 – r2 = 17
volume of the water in the tank or, r2 = 64
 r = 8 cm
22
=  40  40  h cm3 .... (ii) Hence, thickness of the pipe
7 = (R – r) cm = (9 – 8) cm = 1 cm.
[  r = 40 cm] Ex. 62: The difference between outside and
From (i) and (ii), we get inside surfaces of a cylindrical metallic
pipe 14 cm long is 44 cm2. If the pipe is
22 22
 40  40  h   1  700  30  60 made of 99 cu centimetres of metal, find
7 7 the outer and inner radii of the pipe.
Soln: Let R cm and r cm be the external and
 700  30  60 
or, h =   cm = 787.5 cm inter nal r adii of t he met allic pipe
 40  40  respectively.
Hence, the rise in the level of water in We have h = length of the pipe = 14 cm.
Now, it is given that outside surface area
1
the tank in hour is 787.5 cm. - Inside surface area = 44 cm2
2
or, 2Rh  2rh  44
Ex. 60: The barrel of a fountain-pen, cylindrical
in shape, is 7 cm long and 5 mm in or, 2(R  r )h  44
diameter. A full barrel of ink in the pen
22
will be used up on writing 330 words or, 2  (R  r )  14  44
7
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 583

Soln: Let r dm be the radius of the base and h

1
or, R – r = ...... (i) dm be the height of the cylindrical tank.
2 Then, h = 6r (given)
It is given that the volume of the metal Total surface area
used = 99 cubic centimetres.
 External volume – Internal volume = 2r (r  h )  2r (r  6r )  14r 2
= 99 cubic centimetres  Cost of painting
2 2
or, R h  r h  99 60 42 2
2
= Rs (14r )  = Rs r
100 5
or, (R 2  r 2 )h  99
It is given that the cost of painting is Rs
22 237.60.
or,  R  r R  r   14  99
7 42 2
 r  237.60
5
22 1
or,  (R  r )   14  99 [Using (i)]
7 2 42 22 2
or,   r = 237.60
5 7
99
or, R + r =
22 5 7
or, r2 = 237.60   = 9
42 22
9
R + r= ..... (ii)  r = 3 dm
2
 h = 6r = 18 dm.
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get,
R = 2.5 and r = 2. Hence, volume of the cylinder = r 2h
Hence, outer radius = 2.5 cm and inner = (  3  3  18) dm3
radius = 2 cm.
Ex. 63: An iron pipe 20 cm long has exterior  22 
diam eter equal t o 25 cm . I f the =   9  18  dm3
 7 

K KUNDAN
thickness of the pipe is 1 cm, find the
= 509.14 dm 3
whole surface of the pipe.
Ex. 65: A lead pencil consists of a cylinder of
Soln: We have
wood with a solid cylinder of graphite
R = external radius = 12.5 cm
filled into it. The diameter of the pencil
r = internal radius
is 7 mm, the diameter of the graphite
= (external radius – thickness)
is 1 mm and the length of the pencil is
= (12.5 – 1) cm = 11.5 cm
10 cm. Calculate the weight of t he
h = length of the pipe = 20 cm
whole pencil, if the specific gravity of
 Total surface area of the pipe = (External
the wood is 0.7 gm/cm3 and that of the
curved surface) + (Internal curved surface)
graphite is 2.1 gm/cm3 .
+ 2(Area of the base of the ring)
Soln: Diameter of the graphite cylinder
= 2Rh  2rh  2 (rR 2  r 2 )
1
= 1 mm = cm.
= 2(R  r )h  2(R2  r 2 ) 10

= 2(R  r )h  2(R  r )(R  r ) 1

 Radius = cm.
= 2(R  r )(h  R  r ) 20
Length of the graphite cylinder = 10 cm
22 Volume of the graphite cylinder
= 2  (12.5  11.5 )  (20  12.5  11.5 ) cm 2
7
 22 1 1 
=     10  cm3
22  7 20 20 
= 2  24  21 cm2
7 Weight of graphite
= 3168 cm2 = Volume × Specific gravity
Ex. 64: The cost of painting the total outside
 22 1 1 
surface of a closed cylindrical oil tank =     10  2.1 gm
at 60 paise per sq dm is Rs 237.60.  7 20 20 
The height of the tank is 6 times the
 22 1 1 21 
radius of the base of the tank. Find =     10   gm
i ts v ol um e corr ect t o t wo decim al  7 20 20 10 
places. = 0.165 gm.
584 Concept of Arithmetic

 Volume of wire
7
Diameter of pencil = 7 mm = cm.  2 2 
10 =    1200   cm 3
 10 10 
7 = 482 cm3
 Radius of pencil = cm So, weight of wire = (482 × 8.88) gm
20
= 426.242 gm.
and, length of pencil = 10 cm.
 Volume of pencil Pyramid
 22 7 7  A pyramid is a solid whose base is a plane rectilinear
=     10  cm3
 7 20 20  figure and whose side-faces are triangles having a
Volume of wood common vertex outside the plane of the base.
Figure given below shows a pyramid VABCDE.
 22 7 7 22 1 1 1  3 The base of this pyramid is the pentagon ABCDE
=     10      cm
 7 20 20 7 20 20 10  and triangles VAB, VBC, VCD, VDE and VEA are
five faces.
22 1 1
=    10(7  7  1) cm3 If t he base of a pyr amid is a t r iangle, a
7 20 20 quadr ilat er al and a squar e, t hen it is called
triangular pyramid, quadrilateral pyramid and
11 1
=   48 cm3 square pyramid respectively. Similarly, a pyramid
7 20 is called a pentagonal, hexagonal, septagonal and
 Weight of wood octagonal according as the number of sides of the
base is 5, 6, 7 or 8.
=  11  1  48  0.7  gm
 7 20 

11 1 7 
=    48   gm
 7 20 10 
= 2.64 gm

K KUNDAN
Total weight = (2.64 + 0.165) gm
= 2.805 gm.
Ex. 66: A copper wire 4 mm in diameter is evenly
wound about a cylinder whose length
is 24 cm and diameter 20 cm so as to
cover the whole surface. Find the length
and weight of the wire assuming the
specific gravity to be 8.88 gm/cm3 .
Soln: Clearly, one round of wire covers 4 mm
4 Figure I
= cm in thickness of the surface of
10
Important Terms Related to Pyramid
the cylinder and length of the cylinder is
24 cm. (i) Vertex: The common vertex of the triangular
 Number of rounds to cover 24 cm faces of a pyramid is called the vertex of the
pyramid.
24 24  10 In the above figure ‘V’ is the v ert ex of t he
= 4 /10 = = 60.
4 pyramid VABCDE.
Diameter of the cylinder = 20 cm. (ii) Height: The height of a pyramid is the length
 Radius of the cylinder = 10 cm. of the perpendicular from the vertex to the base.
Lengt h of t he wir e in complet ing one In the above figure VP is the height of the
round pyramid VABCDE.
(iii) Axis: The axis of a pyramid is the straight
= 2r  2  10 cm = 20  cm.
line joining the vertex to the central point of the
 Lengt h of t he wir e in covering the base.
whole surface = Length of the wire in In the above figure VO is the axis of the pyramid
completing 60 rounds VABCDE.
= (20   60) cm = 1200 cm. (iv) Lateral Edges: The edges through the
vertex of a pyramid are known as its lateral edges.
2 (v) Slant Height: The slant height of a regular
Radius of copper wire = 2 mm = cm.
10 right-pyramid is the line segment joining the vertex
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 585

to the mid-point of anyone of the sides of the base.
The figure given below shows a right regular
pyramid, in which O is the centre of the base and
VM is the slant height.
A tetrahedron whose all the edges are of equal
length is called a regular tetrahedron. In a regular
t et r ahedr on all t he f our faces ar e congr uent
equilateral triangles.
1. When the length of each edge of a regular
tetrahedron is given, we have the following
results:
( i ) Height of the regular tetrahedron

2
= × (edge).
3
( i i) Slant height of the regular tetrahedron

3
= × (edge).
2
( i ii ) Volume of the regular tetrahedron

2
= × (edge)3.
12
Figure II
Also, in right angled triangle VOM, we have ( iv) Later al surf ace ar ea of t he r egular
VM2 = OM2 + VO2 [By Pythagoras theorem] tetrahedron

 VM  3 3
VO2  OM2 = (edge)2.
4
Right Pyramid and Regular Pyramid (v) Total surface area of the regular tetrahedron
(i) Right Pyramid: A pyramid is said to be right = 3 × (edge) . 2

pyramid if the perpendicular dropped from the 2 . For a right pyramid with an equilateral

K KUNDAN
vertex on the base meets the base at its central triangle of side ‘a’ as base and height ‘h’, we
point ie the centre of the inscribed or circumscribed have the following results:
circle. In other words, the vertex of the pyramid
lies on t he perpendicular t o t he base drawn a2
thr ough its centre. Other wise, the pyramid is ( i ) Lateral edge or Lateral height = h2 
3
called an oblique pyramid.
The pyramid shown in the above figure I is an
a2
oblique pyramid whereas figure II given above ( i i) Slant height = h2 
shows a right pyramid. 12
(ii) Regular Pyramid: A pyramid is said to be a ( i ii ) Lateral surface area
regular if its base is a regular figure ie all sides of
its base are equal. 1
= (Perimeter of the base × slant height)
In case of a right regular pyramid the lateral 2
edges are equal and the lateral faces are congruent ( iv) Total surface area
triangles.
1
= (Perimeter of the base × slant height)
Volume and Surface area of a Pyramid 2
( i ) Volume of a pyramid
3 2
+ a .
1 4
= × Area of the Base × Height
3
1 3 3 2
( i i) Lateral surface area of a pyramid (v) Volume =  a2  h2  a h .
= Sum of ar eas of all t he lat er al 3 4 12
triangular faces. ( vi) Area of lateral face
( i ii ) Total surface area of a pyramid
1
= Sum of areas of all lateral faces + Area = (Length of an edge of the base × Slant
of the base. 2
height)
Tetrahedron and Regular Tetrahedron
A tetrahedron is a pyramid whose base is a triangle.
It has six edges and four triangular faces.
586 Concept of Arithmetic

Ex. 71: Find the lateral surface area and whole

Solved Examples surface area of a ri ght pyr ami d in
whi ch t he base i s an equi lat eral
Ex. 67: Find the volume of the right pyramid
triangle of area 16 3 cm2 and length
the area of whose base is 60 cm 2 and
height 10 cm. of each lateral edge is 5 cm.
Soln: We know that the volume of a right pyramid Soln: Let the length of each side of the base be
a and h be the height of the pyramid.
1 Th en ,
= (Area of the base) × (Height)
3 Area of the base = 16 3 cm2
 Volume of the given pyramid
3 2
1  or a  16 3
=   60  10  cm3 = 200 cm3 4
3 
or, a2 = 64
Ex. 68: Find the height of the right pyramid  a = 8 cm
whose volume is 750 cm 3 and area of Now, Lateral edge = 5 cm
whose base is 150 cm 2 .
Soln: We know that the volume of a right pyramid a2
or, h2  5
1 3
= (Area of the base × Height)
3 64
Let h be the height of the giv en right or, h2  5
3
pyramid. Then,
1 2 64
750   150  h or, h   25
3 3

750  3 2 64
or, h = cm = 15 cm or, h  25 
150 3
Ex. 69: A right pyramid has its base as an 2 75  64

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equilateral triangle of side 40 cm and or, h 
3
its height is 30 3 cm. Find the volume
11
of the pyramid.  h  cm
Soln: We have, 3
 3 2   Slant height
 
Volume of the pyramid =  12 a  h 
  a2 11 64
= h2     9  3 cm
12 3 12
Here, a = 40 and h = 30 3 .
Now, Lateral surface area
 Volume of the pyramid
1
 3 2
 = (Per imeter of the base × Slant
  2
=  12  40  30 3  cm3
  height)
= 12000 cm 3 1
Ex. 70: Find the vol ume of a regular = 8  8  8  3 cm2 = 36 cm2
2
t et r ahedr on whose each edge i s of
Whole surface area
6 2 cm. = Ar ea of t he base + Lat eral sur f ace
Soln: We know that area
Volume of a regular tetrahedron
2 
= 16 3  36 cm2 
= (edge )3 Ex. 72: If p be the length of the perpendicular
12
 Volume of the given tetrahedron drawn fr om a ver t ex of a regular
tetrahedron to its opposite face and
=
2
12
 
 6 2
3
cm 3
each edge of length 2a, show that 3p2
= 8a2 .
Soln: Clearly, p = height of the tetrahedron
2
=  216  2 2 cm 3 2
12 =  (length of an edge )
3
= 72 cm3
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 587

Ex. 75: A r i ght pyr am id stands on an

2 equil ateral t riangular base of ar ea
or, p   2a
3 2
16 3 cm . If the area of one of its
2
2 8a lateral faces is 40 cm2, find the volume
or, p  of the pyramid.
3
Soln: Let the length of each side of the base be
 3 p 2  8a 2 a cm.
Ex. 73: Find the volume of a tetrahedron the Then, area of the base = 16 3 cm2
sides of whose base are 9 cm, 12 cm
and 15 cm and height 20 cm. 3 2
Soln: Let a = 9 cm, b = 12 cm, c = 15 cm. Then, or,
4
 
a  16 3
2s = a + b + c
or, 2s = 9 + 12 + 15 = 36 or, a2 = 64
 s = 18  a = 8 cm
 Area of the base Let h be the height of the pyramid and l
be its slant height. Then,
= s (s  a ) (s  b ) (s  c )
a2
l  h2 
= 18 (18  9) (18  12) (18  15 ) 12

= 18  9  6  3 = 54 cm2 a2
2 2
Volume of the tetrahedron or, l  h 
12
1
= (Area of the base × Height) 64
3 or, l2  h2 
12
1
=  54  20 cm3 = 360 cm3 2 2 16
3  l h  ...(i)

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3
Ex. 74: Show that the surface area and volume
Now, Area of one lateral surface = 40 cm2
of a regular tetrahedron of height h
1
3 3 2 3 3  a l   40
are h and h respectively. 2
2 8
or, a × l = 80
Soln: We know that if the length of each edge of a or, 8 × l = 80
regular tetrahedron is a units, then  l = 10
Putting l = 10 in (i), we get
2
height of the tetrahedron = a
3 16
100  h 2 
3
2
or, h  a
3 2 16
or, h  100 
3 3
 a h
2 284
 h 
 Surface area of the tetrahedron 3
= 3 (edge )2  Volume of the pyramid
1
2 = (Area of the base × Height)
 3  3 3 2 3
= 3  h = h
 2  2
  1 284
=  16 3  cm3
Volume of the tetrahedron 3 3
3
2 2  3  16
= edge 3 = 12   2 h  =
3
284 cm3
12  
Ex. 76: Area of a regular hexagon is 216 3
3 3 3 3 3
= h  h sq units. A pyramid of the height 6
24 8 uni t s i s for m ed upon the regular
588 Concept of Arithmetic

hexagon. Find the slant surface area Let O be the centre of regular hexagon.
of the pyramid.
Soln: Let each side of the regular hexagon be a Then, OOG  90 and ΟOG is t he
units. right-angled triangle.

3 3 2  OG  OO2  OG 2
 area of the regular hexagon = a
2 OO is given, now we have to find OG .
Six equal triangles can be drawn in a
3 3 2 regular hexagon and area of each triangle
or, a  216 3
2 is
or, a2 = 144
1 
 a = 12 units. =   216 3   36 3 sq units.
6 
(See the above figure II)
 each side of regular hexagon = 12 units
Therefore in OEF

 × EF × OG = 36 3

1
or,  12  OG  36 3
2
or, OG = 6 3 units.
Slant height of the pyramid

= OO2  OG 2

6 2  6 
2
= 3  144

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I
Slant surface area
1
= (perimeter of base) × slant height
2 Right Circular Cone
OG is the line joining the mid-point of
any side of regular hexagon to point O of
the pyramid ie slant height of pyramid.
(See the above figure.)
= 12 units
Now, slant surface area
1
= × perimeter of base × slant height
2
1
=  12  6  12 = 432 units2
2
A right circular cone is a solid generated by the
revolution of a right-angled triangle about one of
the sides containing the right angle as axis.

Take a t riangle ABC right -angled at B and

suppose it to revolve about one side AB as fixed
axis. The hypotenuse AC will generate the curved
surface of the cone.
The circle described by the radius BC (usually
II
denoted by r) is the base of the cone.
The point A is called the vertex. The height of
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 589

the cone (usually denoted by h) is the length of the Frustum of a Cone

Axis AB, and the slant height (usually denoted by
l) is the length of the hypotenuse AC.
Volume and Curved Surface Area of a
Cone
If a cone is cut by plane parallel to the base of the
cone, then the portion between the plane and base
is called the frustum of the cone.

(i) Curved Surface Area of a Cone

Imagine a hollow cone to be made of thin card
board. Cut it along its slant height. Then it can be
spread out into the sector ADC of which the radius
AC and the arc CD are respectively slant height
and circumference of the base of the cone.

(a) Volume of a Frustum of a Cone: Let R and

r be the radii of base and top of the frustum of a
cone respect iv ely. Let h be t he height of the
frustum, then volume of frustum of right circular
h 2
cone = [R  r 2  Rr ] cu units
3
(b) Lateral Surface Area of frustum of right
circular cone = (R  r )l sq units
Thus, curved surface area or lateral surface area
where l2 = h2 + (R – r)2.

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1 (c) Total Surface Area of frustum of right circular
= × radius (CA) × arc (CD)
2 cone = Area of base + Area of top + Lateral surface
area
1
=  l  2r = R2  r 2  l (R  r )
2

=
1
× (circumference of base) × (slant height)
 
=  R 2  r 2  l(R  r ) sq units.
2
= rl Solved Examples
Area of the base = r2
Now, total surface area
Ex. 77: A right triangle with its sides 5 cm, 12
= curved surface + area of base
cm and 13 cm is revolved about the side
= rl + r2
12 cm. Find the volume of the solid so
= r (l + r)
form ed.
where r = radius of base and l = slant height
Soln: Let ABC be a right triangle with AB = 12
Note: When perpendicular height is given, then
cm, BC = 5 cm and AC = 13 cm.
Slant height
When this triangle is revolved about AB,
= (Perpendic ular height)2  (Radius)2 it forms a right circular cone of radius
= BC = 5 cm and height AB = 12 cm.
or l = h2  r 2 (Theorem of Pythagoras)

(ii) Volume of a Cone

1
= × area of the base × perpendicular height
3

1 2
= r h
3
where, r = radius of the base, and
h = perpendicular height
590 Concept of Arithmetic

 Volume of the solid formed 10 cm. Find the height to which the
= Volume of the cone of radius 5 cm water rises.
and height 12 cm Soln: Let r1 = radius of the conical vessel
= 5 cm
1 22
=   5  5  12 cm3 h1 = height of the conical vessel
3 7 = 24 cm
and, r2 = radius of the cylindrical vessel
 1 2 
Putting r  5, h  12 in V  3 r h = 10 cm
  Suppose water rises upto the height of h2
= 314.28 cm 3. cm in the cylindrical vessel.
Ex. 78: The base radii of two right circular Clearly,
cones of the same height are in the Volume of water in conical vessel = Volume
rati o 3 : 5. Fi nd t he r ati o of t heir of water in cylindrical vessel
volumes.
1 2
Soln: Let r1 and r2 be the radii of two cones and or, r1 h1  r22h 2
V1 and V 2 be their volumes. Let h be the 3
height of the two cones.
or, r12h1  3r22h 2
1 2 1 2
Then, V1 = r1 h and V = r2 h . or, 5 × 5 × 24 = 3 × 10 × 10 × h2
2
3 3
5  5  24
1 2  h2 = = 2 cm
r1 h 3  10  10
V1 r2 9
  3  12  Hence, t he height of wat er in t he
V2 1 2 25
r2 h r2 cylindrical vessel is 2 cm.
3 Ex. 81: A cone and a cylinder are having the
same base. Fi nd t he r ati o of t hei r
 r1 3 r2 9  heights if their volumes are equal.
  (Given)  12  
 r2 5 r2 25  Soln: Let the radius of the common base be r.
Let h1 and h2 be the height of the cone

K KUNDAN
Hence, the ratio of the volumes of two and cylinder respectively.
cones is 9 : 25. Now,
Ex. 79: A right circular cone is 3.6 cm high and
radius of its base is 1.6 cm. It is melted 1 2
Volume of the cone = r h1
and recast into a right circular cone 3
with radius of its base as 1.2 cm. Find
its height. Volume of the cylinder = r 2h 2
Soln: We have: First cone Second cone It is given that the cone and the cylinder
Radii r1 = 1.6 cm, r2 = 1.2 cm are of the same volume.
Heights h1 = 3.6 cm, h2 = ?
1 2
Volumes V1 and V 2  r h1  r 2h 2
Clearly, two cones have the same volume, 3
ie V1 = V2 1
or, h1  h 2
1 2 1 3
or, r1 h1  r22h 2
3 3 h1 3
or,   h1 : h2 = 3 : 1
h2 1
or, r12h1  r22h 2
Hence, the ratio of the height of the cone
r12h1 and cylinder is 3 : 1.
or, h 2  Ex. 82: From a right circular cylinder with
r22
height 10 cm and radius of base 6 cm,
a right circular cone of the same height
1.6  1.6  3.6
or, h2 = cm and base is removed. Find the volume
1.2  1.2 of the remaining solid.
16  16  36 Soln: Let V1 and V2 be the volumes of the right
= cm = 6.4 cm circular cylinder and cone respectively.
12  12  10
Th en .
Ex. 80: A conical vessel whose internal radius
 22 
is 5 cm and height 24 cm is full of V1 =   6  6  10  cm3
water . The water is em pti ed i nto a  7 
cylindrical vessel with internal radius [Using: V1 = r2h]
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 591

 1 22  1232  3
and, V2 =    6  6  10  cm3
3 7  or, h = cm = 6cm
616
1 2  2 2 2
 Now, l = r + h
Using : V2  3 r h 
 
or, l = r 2  h 2  (14 )2  62
 Volume of the remaining solid = V1 – V2
 22 1 22  = 196  36 = 232 cm
=   6  6  10    6  6  10  cm3
 7 3 7  = 2 58 cm
22  1  Curved surface of the cone = rl
=  6  6  10  1   cm3
7  3 22
=  14  2 58 cm2
7
22 2
=  6  6  10  cm3
7 3 = 88 58 cm2
= 754.28 cm 3. Ex. 85: The radius and height of a cone are in
Ex. 83: The radius of a cone is 3 cm and vertical the ratio 4 : 3. The area of the base is
height is 4 cm. Find the area of the 154 cm 2. Find the area of the curved
curved surface. surface.
Soln: We have, r = 3 cm and h = 4 cm Soln: Let r be the radius and h be the height of
the cone. It is given that
r 4

h 3
Let r = 4x and h = 3x
Now, area of the base = 154 cm2
or, r2 = 154

K KUNDAN
22
or,  (4x )2  154
7
22
 16x 2  154
or, 7
Let l cm be the slant height of the cone.
Th en , 2 154  7 49
or, x  
l2 = r2 + h2 22  16 16
or, l2 = 32 + 42
or, l2 = 25 49 7
or, x =  cm
16 4
or, l = 25 cm = 5 cm
7
 Area of the curved surface = rl  r = 4x = 4  cm = 7 cm,
4
 22 
=  4  5  cm 2 = 62.85 cm2. 7 21
 7  and h = 3   cm
4 4
Ex. 84: The volume of a right circular cone is
1232 cm 3 . If the radius of its base is Let the slant height be l cm. Then,
14 cm, find its curved surface. l2 = r2 + h2
Soln: Let r be the radius, h be the height and l
be the slant height of the cone. or, l = r2  h2
Then, r = 14 cm [Given]
2
Now, Volume = 1232 cm 3  21 
or, l = 72    cm
1 2  4 
or, r h  1232
3
441 1225 35
1 22 l = 49 
  cm.
  14  14  h  1232 16 16 4
or,
3 7  Curved surface area = rl
616  22 35 
or, h  1232 =  7  cm2 = 192.5 cm2
3  7 4 
592 Concept of Arithmetic

Ex. 86: What length of cloth 3 m wide will be Since each person requires 2 sq metres of
required to make a conical tent whose floor area.
height is 16 m and the radius of whose  Maximum number of persons who will
base is 12 m? have enough space on the ground
Soln: Let the slant height of the cone be l metres. 452.16
Th en , = = 226 (approximately) ...(i)
2
l = Again,
r2 h2
Volume of the conical tent
or, l = 122  162 m 1
= × Area of the base × height
[  r = 12 m and h = 16 m] 3

or, l = 1
400 m = 20 m = × 452.16 × 9 m3 = 1356.48 m3
3
Curved surface area of the tent = rl
Air space required per person = 15 m3
 22   Number of per sons who will hav e
=   12  20  m2
 7  enough air space to breathe in
Let the length of the cloth required to 1356.48
= = 90
make the tent be x metres. 15
Th en , Between 226 and 90, the smaller number
Area of the cloth = Curved surface area of is 90. Hence, 90 persons can be
the tent accommodated.
Ex. 88: A conical tent is to accommodate 11
22
or, 3 × x =  12  20 persons. Each person must have 4 sq
7 metres of the space on the ground and
[  Width of the cloth = 3 m] 20 cubic metres of air to breathe. Find
the height of the cone.
22  12  20
or, x = m = 251.42 m Soln: Let h metres be the height, r metres be
73 the radius of base of the cone. Since the

K KUNDAN
Hence, the length of the required cloth tent can accommodate 11 persons and each
= 251.42 m. person requires 4 sq metres of the space
Ex. 87: A coni cal tent is 9 m hi gh and t he on the ground and 20 cubic metres of air.
radius of its base is 12 m. Therefore,
(i) What is the cost of the canvas Area of the base = (11 × 4) m2 = 44 m2
required to make it, if a square or, r2 = 44 m2 .... (i)
metre canvas costs Rs 10? and
(ii) How m any per sons can be Volume of the cone = (11 × 20) m3
accommodated in the tent, if each = 220 m3
person requires 2 square metres
on the ground and 15 m3 of space 1 2
or, r h  220 m3 .... (ii)
to breathe in? 3
Soln: We have, Dividing (ii) by (i), we get
r = radius of the base of conical tent
1 2
= 12 m r h
3 220
h = height of the conical tent = 9 m. 
 l = slant height of the conical tent r 2 44

= r2 h2 = 122  92 m h
or, 5
3
= 225 m = 15 m or, h = 15 m.
(i) Area of lateral surface = rl Hence, t he height of t he cone is 15
metres.
22 Ex. 89: Water flows at the rate of 10 metres
=  12  15 m2 = 565.2 m2
7 per minute through a cylindrical pipe 5
 Total cost of canvas mm in diameter. How long would it take
= Rs (565.2 × 10) = Rs 5652 to fill a conical vessel whose diameter
(ii) Area of the base of the conical tent at the base is 40 cm and depth 24 cm?
Soln: We have
22 r = radius of the base of the conical vessel
= r2 =  12  12 m2 = 452.16 m2
7 = 20 cm
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 593

h = height of the conical vessel = 24 cm Ex. 91: A cone of height 24 cm has a curved
 Volume of the conical vessel surface area 550 cm2. Find its volume.
1 2 (Take  = 22/7)
= r h Soln: Let r cm be the radius of the base and l cm
3
the slant height. Then,
 1 22  l2 = r2 = 242 [Using l2 = r2 = h2]
=    20  20  24  cm3 ..... (i)
3 7  or, l2 = r2 = 576
Suppose the conical vessel is filled in x  l  r 2  576 ... (i)
minutes. Then, length of the water column
= (10 × x) metres = 1000x cm. Now, curved surface area = 550 cm2
Clearly, water column forms a cylinder of or, rl = 550 [Using (i)]
5 22
lengt h 1000x cm, and r adius mm or,  r  r 2  576  550
2 7
5 1 2 7
 cm  cm . or, r r  576  550 
20 4 22
 Volume of the water that flows in x or, r r 2  576  25  7
minutes
or, r 2 (r 2  576)  (25  7 )2
 22  1 2 
=  7   4   1000 x  cm3 ..... (ii) or, r 4  576r 2  (252  72 )  0
   
From (i) and (ii), we have or, r 2  576r 2  625  49  0
 22  1 2  or, r 4  625r 2  49r 2  625  49  0
     1000 x  
 7  4  
or, r 2 (r 2  625)  49(r 2  625)  0
 1 22 
   20  20  24  cm3

K KUNDAN
or, (r 2  625)(r 2  49)  0
3 7 
20  20  24  16 or, r 2  49  0 [ r 2  625  0]
or, x =
3  1000 or, r = 7

256 1 1 2 1 22
or, x =  51 minutes  Volume = r h =   7  7  24
5 5 3 3 7
= 51 minutes 12 seconds. = 1232 cm3
Hence, the conical vessel is filled in 51 Ex. 92: A sem i-ci rcul ar sheet of met al of
minutes 12 seconds. diameter 28 cm is bent into an open
Ex. 90: If h, c, V are respectively the height, coni cal cup. Find t he dept h and
the curved surface and the volume of a capacity of cup.
cone, prove that 3Vh3 – c2h2 + 9v 2 = 0. Soln: When the semi-circular sheet is bent into
Soln: Let r and l denote respectively the radius an open conical cup, the radius of the
of the base and slant height of the cone. sheet becomes the slant height of the cup
Th en , and t he circumfer ence of t he sheet
becomes the circumference of the base of
1 2 the cone.
l  r 2  h 2 , V  3 r h and c  rl

 3Vh 3  c 2h 2  9V 2

2
1 2 1 
 3  r h  h 3  rl 2 h 2  9   r 2h 
3 3 

 2r 2h 4  2r 2l 2h 2  2r 4h 2

 l = slant height of the conical cup
 
2r 2h 4  2r 2h 2 r 2  h 2  2r 4h 2 = 14 cm
Let r cm be the radius and h cm the height
 l 2
 r 2  h2  (depth) of the conical cup. Then,
Circumference of the base of the conical
 2r 2h 4  2r 4h 2  2r 2h 4  2r 4h 2  0 cup = Circumference of the sheet
594 Concept of Arithmetic

1 2
V  r h
or, 2r    14 3
or, r = 7 cm
 1 22 
Now, or, V     4 4 8 2 
3 7 
l2  r 2  h2
22  128 2
or, h  l 2  r 2 = 142  72  7 3 cm or, V   189 .5 cm 3
21
= (7 × 1.732) cm = 12.12 cm Ex. 94: A right triangle, whose sides are 15
 Depth of the cup = 12.12 cm cm and 20 cm, is made to revolve about
Also, capacity of the cup = Volume of the its hypotenuse. Find the volume and the
cup sur face ar ea of t he double cone so
1 2  form ed.
=  r h  cm3 (Use  = 3.14)
3  Soln: Let ABC be the right triangle right angled
 1 22  at A whose sides AB and AC measure 15
=    7  7  12.12  cm3 cm and 20 cm, respectively.
3 7 
= 622.26 cm 3
Ex. 93: A sector of a circle of radius 12 cm
has the angle 120°. It is rolled up so

K KUNDAN
that t wo boundi ng r adii ar e joined
together to form a cone. Find the volume
of the cone.
Soln: When a sector of a circle is rolled up in a
given manner, we obtain a cone whose
slant height is equal to the radius of the
sector and the circumference of the base
of the cone is equal to the length of the
arc of the sector. The length of the side BC (hypotenuse)
Now, length of the arc of the sector
 120  = 15 2  20 2 cm = 25 cm
=   2  12  cm = 8 cm
 360  Here, AO (or AO ) is the radius of the
 Sector angle  common base of the double cone formed
Using : arc  360
 2r  by revolving the right triangle about BC.
 
Height of the cone BA A  is BO and slant
Let r cm be the radius of the base, h cm be
height is 15 cm.
the height and l cm be the slant height of
the cone. Then, Height of the cone CAA is CO and slant
l = radius of the sector = 12 cm. height is 20 cm.
And, Circumference of the base of the cone Now, AOB ~ CAB (AA similarity)
= Length of the arc of the sector AO 15
Therefore, 
or, 2r  8 cm 20 25
or, r = 4 cm 20  15
Now, This gives AO = cm = 12 cm
25
l2  r 2  h2
BO 15
or, h  l 2  r 2  122  42 Also, 
15 25
 128  8 2 cm 15  15
Let V cm3 be the volume of the cone. Then, This gives BO = cm = 9 cm
25
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 595

Thus, CO = 25 cm – 9 cm = 16 cm Ex. 96: The height of a cone is 30 cm. A small

Now, volume of the double cone cone is cut off at the top by a plane
parallel to the base. If its volume be
1 1 
   3.14  122  9   3.14  122  16  cm 3
3 3  1
of the volume of the given cone, at
27
3.14
  122  (9  16) cm3 = 3768 cm3 what hei ght abov e t he base i s t he
3 disection made?
Surface area of the double cone Soln: Volume of the original cone OAB
= (3.14 × 12 × 15 + 3.14 × 12 × 20) cm2
1 1
= 3.14 × 12 × (15 + 20) cm2 = R 2h     R 2  30
=1318.8 cm 2 3 3
Ex. 95: (a) The radii of the ends of a bucket
= 10R 2 cu cm.
of height 24 cm are 15 cm and 5
cm. Find its capacity.
(Use  = 22/7)
(b) Also find the surface area of the
bucket.
Soln: (a) Capacity of the bucket = Volume of
frustum of a cone
h 2
=
3

R  r 2  Rr 
22 24
=
7

3

(15)2  52  15  5 cu cm 
22
=  8 (225  25  75) cu cm
7

K KUNDAN
1 2
Volume of small cone OCD = r h
3

1
Also volume of small cone OCD =
27
Volume of the cone OAB
1 2 1
 r h  (10R 2 )
3 27
176 2
=  325 cu cm 10 R 2 3 10  R 
7 or, h   2    ....(i)
27 r 9 r 
= 8171.43 cu cm
(b) Again surface area of a bucket From similar  OQB and OPD, we get
= Later al surface area of t he f rust um
QB OQ 30
of a cone + Ar ea of t he t op of the  
frustum of cone PD OP h


= l (R  r )  r 2   l (R  r )  r 2  
R 30
 .......(ii)
wher e r h
From (i) and (ii) we get
l = h 2  (R  r )2  (24)2  (15  5 )2
2
10  30  10 900
=576  100  676 = 26 cm. h      2
9  h  9 h
 Surface area of the bucket
 h3 = 10 × 100 = 1000
22

=  l(R  r )  r 2  =
7

26(15  5 )  52   h = 3 1000 = 10 cm.
Ex. 97: If the radii of the ends of a bucket 45
22 22 cm high are 28 cm and 7 cm, determine
= (26  20  25 ) =  545
7 7 its capacity and the surface area.
= 1712.86 sq m Soln: Volume of bucket = Volume of the cone
OAB – Volume of the cone OCD
596 Concept of Arithmetic

Sphere
A tennis ball and a fully blown football are some
familiar objects which bring to our mind the concept
of a sphere. A sphere is a three dimensional
geometrical object which can be defined as follows:
The set of all points in space which are equidistant
from a fixed point, is called a sphere.
The fixed point is called the centre of the sphere
and the constant distance is called its radius.
Figure gives the outline of a sphere whose
centr e is at O and radius = OP.A spher e has
symmetry about its centre. For every point P on
the sphere, the line joining P to the centre O of
the sphere, intersects the sphere again in a point
 OPB and OQD are similar
h1 28 4
P such that OP = OP .
PO PB
  or h  7  1
OQ QD 2

or, h1 = 4h2 .......(i)

Also OP = PQ + OQ
h1 = 45 + h2 ....... (ii)
(  The height of the bucket is PQ)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
h1 = 60 and h2 = 15.
Volume of the cone OAB
1
= (28)2  60
3 A line segment through the centre of a sphere,
and with the end-points on the sphere is called a

K KUNDAN
1 22 diameter of the sphere.
=   28  28  60 cu cm
3 7 In figure given above PP  is a diameter of the
= 49280 cu cm sphere.
1 All diameters of a sphere are of constant length,
Volume of the cone OCD =  (7)2  15 being equal to twice the radius of the sphere.
3
Thus, if d is the length of a diameter of a sphere
1 22 of radius r, then d = 2r.
=   7  7  15 cu cm = 770 cu cm
3 7 Note:The length of a diameter is also called the
Hence the volume of the bucket diameter of the sphere. A sphere can also
= 49280 cu cm – 770 cu cm be considered as a solid obtained on rotating
= 48510 cu cm a circle about its diameter.
Again slant height (l1) of the cone OAB
Section of a Sphere by a Plane
= (28 )2  (60 )2  784  3600 A section of a sphere by a plane is a circle. The
plane through the centre gives the largest circular
= 4384 = 66.2 (approx.) section of the sphere. The radius of this section is
Slant height (l2) of the cone OCD the same as the radius of the sphere. Any other
plane, that is a plane not through the centre, gives
= (7)2  (15 )2  49  225 a smaller section as shown in the figure given
below
= 274 = 16.6 (approx).
Hence the surface area of the bucket is
= r1l1  r2l2  r22

22 22 22
=  28  66 .2   7  16 .6  77
7 7 7
= 88 × 66.2 - 22 × 16.6 + 154
= 5825.6 - 365.2 + 154
= 5614.4 sq cm (approx.)
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 597

A plane through the centre of a sphere divides

the sphere into two equal parts, each of which is Solved Examples
called a hemisphere.
Ex. 98: Find the volume of a sphere of radius
7 cm.
Soln: We know that the volume V of a sphere of
radius r is given by
4 3
V = r cubic units
3
Here, r = 7 cm.
A plane through the centre of a solid sphere
divides it into two equal parts, each of which is 4 22
V=   7  7  7 cm3 = 1437.33 cm3.
called a solid hemisphere. 3 7
Ex. 99: Find the vol ume of hemi spher e of
Spherical Shell radius 3.5 cm.
It can be considered as the difference of two Soln: We know that the volume of hemisphere
solid concentric spheres. We call it a spherical of radius r is given by
shell as defined below. 2 3
The difference of two solid concentric spheres is V = r cubic units
3
called a spherical shell.
A spherical shell has a finite thickness, which Here, r = 3.5 cm
is t he difference of t he radii of t he two solid 2 22
spheres which determine it.  V =   3.5  3.5  3.5 cm3
3 7
Volumes of a Sphere, a Hemisphere and a  2 22 7 7 7 
Spherical Shell or, V =       cm3.
3 7 2 2 2
We state the following formulae without proof.

K KUNDAN
Because proof is beyond the scope of this book. 11  49 
or, V =   cm3
(a) The volume V of a sphere of radius r is  32 
given by or, V = 89.83 cm3.
4 3 Ex.100: A hemispherical bowl is made of steel
V = r cubic units. sheet 0.5 cm thick. The inside radius
3
(b) The volume V of a hemisphere of radius r of the bowl is 4 cm. Find the volume of
is given by steel used in making the bowl.
2 3 Soln: We have,
V = r cubic units. r = Inner radius of the bowl = 4 cm.
3
R = Outer radius of the bowl
(c) The volume V of a spherical shell whose
= (4 + 0.5) cm = 4.5 cm
out er and inner r adii ar e R and r
Volume of the inner hemisphere
4
respectively is given by V = (R 3  r 3 ) 2 3  2 22 
3 =r =    4  4  4  cm3
cubic units. 3 3 7 
Volume of the outer hemisphere
Surface Area of a Sphere, Hemisphere and
Spherical Shell 2  2 22 
=R 3 =    4.5  4.5  4.5  cm3
3 3 7 
We state the following formulae without proof as
proof is beyond the scope of this book.  Volume of steel used
(a) Surface area of a sphere of radius r is given  2 22 2 22 
=    4.5  4.5  4.5    4  4  4  cm3
by 3 7 3 7 
S = 4r2 square units.
(b) Curved surface area of a hemisphere of 2 22
radius r is given by = 
3 7
 
 (4.5)3  (4)3 cm3
S = 2r2 square units.
(c) Total surface area of a hemisphere of radius 44
=  (91.125  64) cm3
r = 2r2 + r2 = 3r2 square units. 21
(d) If R and r ar e out er and inner r adii of
spherical shell, then 44
=  27.125 cm3  56.83 cm3
outer surface area = 4R2 square units. 21
598 Concept of Arithmetic

Ex.101: A solid sphere of radius 3 cm is melted Soln: Radius of the sphere = 3 cm.
and then cast into small spherical balls Volume of the sphere
each of diam eter 0.6 cm . Fi nd t he
4
number of balls thus obtained. =   (3)3 cm3  36  cm3
Soln: Let the total number of balls be x. 3
Volume of the solid sphere Radius of the cylindrical vessel = 6 cm.
Suppose water level rises by h cm in the
4 3 4
= r    33 cm3  36  cm3 cylindrical vessel. Then,
3 3 volume of the cylinder of height h cm and
radius 6 cm
0.6
Radius of spherical ball = cm = (  62  h ) cm3  36 h cm3
2
= 0.3 cm. Clearly, volume of water displaced by the
Volume of a spherical ball spher e is equal t o the v olume of the
sphere.
4
=   (0.3)3 cm3  36h = 36
3 or, h = 1 cm
Hence, water level rises by 1 cm.
4 3 3 3 36
=    cm 3 = cm 3 Ex.104: A hem ispher i cal bowl of i nt er nal
3 10 10 10 1000 diameter 36 cm contains a liquid. This
 Volume of x spherical balls li quid i s t o be fill ed i n cyl indr ical
36 bottles of radius 3 cm and height 6 cm.
= x cm3 How many bottles are required to empty
1000 the bowl?
Clearly, volume of the solid sphere Soln: Radius of hemispherical bowl = 18 cm.
= Volume of x spherical balls. Volume of hemispherical bowl
36 2 3
or, 36  x
=    (18 )  cm3
1000 3 

K KUNDAN
or, x = 1000 Radius of a cylindrical bottle = 3 cm
Hence, 1000 spherical balls are obtained Height of a cylindrical bottle = 6 cm
by melting the given solid sphere. Volume of a cylindrical bottle
Ex.102: Thr ee sol id spher es of i r on whose
diameters are 2 cm, 12 cm and 16 cm = (  32  6) cm3
respectively, are melted into a single Suppose x bottles are required to empty
solid sphere. Find the radius of the the bowl.
solid sphere. Volume of x cylindrical bottles
Soln: Let the radius of the solid sphere be r cm.
= (  9  6  x ) cm3.
Then, volume of the solid sphere = sum
of the volumes of three solid spheres of Clearly, volume of liquid in x bottles
radii 1 cm, 6 cm and 8 cm respectively. = Volume of bowl
or 2
or,   9  6  x   (18 )3
4 3 4 4 4 3
or, r   (1)3    (6)3    (8)3
3 3 3 3
 2  18 3 
or, r3 = 13 + 63 + 83 or, x =  3    9  6  = 72
 4   
Dividing both sides by 3  Hence, 72 bottles are required to empty
 
or, r3 = 1 + 216 + 512 = 729 the bowl.
or, r3 = 93 Ex.105: The largest sphere is carved out of a
r = 9 cube of a side 7 cm. Find the volume of
Hence, the radius of the solid sphere is 9 the sphere.
cm. Soln: The diameter of the largest sphere which
Ex.103: A sphere of diameter 6 cm is dropped can be carved out of a cube of side 7 cm is
in a right circular cylindrical vessel 7 cm.
partly filled with water. The diameter 7
of the cylindrical vessel is 12 cm. If the  Radius of the sphere = r = cm.
2
spher e i s com pl et el y subm er ged i n
4 3
water, by how much will the level of Hence, volume of the sphere = r
water rise in the cylindrical vessel? 3
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 599

3
Ex.108: Find the volume of a sphere whose
4 22  7  surface area is 154 square cm.
=     cm3
3 7 2 Soln: Let the radius of the sphere be r cm. Then,
surface area = 154 cm2
4 22 343 or, 4r2 = 154

=  cm3
3 7 8 22 2
or, 4   r  154
= 179.66 cm 3 7
Ex.106: The volumes of two spheres are in the
2 154  7 49
ratio 64 : 27. Find their radii if the or, r  
sum of their radii is 21 cm. 4  22 4
Soln: Let the radii of two spheres be r1 cm and
r2 cm respectively. 49 7
or, r =  cm
Let the volumes of two spheres be V1 and 4 2
V2 respectively. Let V be the volume of the sphere. Then,
Th en ,
4 3
V = r
4 3 3
V1 64 r1
 3 64
V2 27 or,   4 22 7 7 7 
4 3 27
r2 or, V =       cm3
3 7 2 2 2
3
1 
3 or, V =   11  7  7  cm3
r13  4 r1 4 3 
or,   or, r  3
r23  3 2 or, V = 179.66 cm3
Ex.109: A sphere, a cylinder and a cone are of
4r2 the same radius and same height. Find
or, r1  ..... (i) the ratio of their curved surfaces.
3
Soln: Let r be the common radius of a sphere, a
Now,
cone and a cylinder. Then,

K KUNDAN
r1  r2  2l height of the cone = height of the cylinder
= height of the sphere = 2r
4r2  4r2  Let l be the slant height of the cone. Then,
or,  r2  21 Putting r1  3 
3   l = r2 h2
7r2 or, l =
or,  21 r2 h2 = 5 r
3
Now,
or, r2 = 9 cm S1 = Curved surface area of sphere = 4r2
4r2 S2 = Curved surface area of cylinder
 r1  = 2r × 2r = 4r2and
3
S3 = Curved surface area of cone
4 9
 r1 = = 12 cm = rl  r  5 r = 5 r 2
3
Hence, the radii of two spheres are 12 cm  S1 : S2 : S3 = 4r 2 : 4r 2 : 5 r 2
and 9 cm.
= 4: 4 : 5
Ex.107: Find the curved surface area and total
surface area of a hemisphere of radius Ex.110: The volume of the two spheres are in
21 cm. the ratio 64 : 27. Find the difference of
Soln: We know that the curved surface area S their surface areas, if the sum of their
and total surface area S1 of a hemisphere radii is 7.
of radius r are given by Soln: Let the radii of two spheres be r1 cm and
S = 2r2 and S1 = 3r2 respectively. r2 cm respectively.
Here, r = 21 cm. Let the volumes of two spheres be V1 and
V2 respectively.
 22  Th en ,
 S = 2   21  21 cm2,
 7 
4 3
 22  r1
V1 64 3 64
and S1 =  3   21  21 cm2  or, 
 7  V2 27 4 3 27
r2
 S = 2772 cm2 and S1 = 4158 cm2 3
600 Concept of Arithmetic

3
Ex.112: The internal and external diameters of
3
r13 43  r1  4 a hollow hemispherical vessel are 24
or,  or,     
r23 33  r2  3 cm and 25 cm respectively. The cost to
paint 1 cm 2 of the surface is Rs 0.05.
r1 4 4 Find the total cost to paint the vessel
or, r  3 or, r1  r2 .... (i) all over.
2 3
(Use  = 22/7)
Now, r1  r2  7 [Given] Soln: Let the external and internal radii of the
hemispherical vessel be R cm and r cm
4 respectively. Then, R = 12.5 cm and r =
or, r2  r2  7
3 12 cm
Now, Area of outer surface = 2R2
7
or, r2  7 Area of the inner surface = 2r2
3 Area of the ring at the top = R2 – 2r2
 Total area to be painted
 3 
or, r2 =  7    3 cm 
= 2R 2  2r 2  R 2  r 2 
 7 

4  
=  3R  r 2 2

 r2 =   3   4 cm.
3  22
Let S1 and S2 be the surface areas of two = 7
 
 3  (12.5 )2  (12)2
cm2
spheres. Then,
2
S1 = 4r12  4  4  4  64 cm2 and 22   25  2

=  3     12  cm2
7   2  
S2 = 4r22  4  3  3  36  cm 2
22
 S1  S2  64   36   28  cm2 =  468.75  144 cm2
7
22

K KUNDAN
= 28 cm2 = 88 cm2 22
7 =  612.75 cm2
7
Ex.111: Show that the surface area of a sphere
i s t he sam e as t hat of t he l at er al 13480.5
surface of a right circular cylinder that = cm 2 = 1925.78 cm2
7
just encloses the sphere.  Cost of painting
Soln: Let the radius of the sphere be r cm. Then, = Rs (1925.78 × 0.05)
surface area of the sphere = Rs 96.28
= 4r2cm 2 ...... (i)
The radius and height of a right circular Surface Area and Volume of a Combination
cylinder that just encloses the sphere of of Solids
radius r are r and 2r respectively.
 Surface area of the cylinder Ex.113: A godown building is in the form as
= 2r × 2r [  h = 2r] shown in the figure given below. The
= 4r2 cm2 ...... (ii) vertical cross-section parallel to the
width side of the building is a rectangle
7 m × 3 m, mounted by a semi-circle of
radius 3.5 m. The inner measurements
of the cuboidal portion of the building
are 10 m × 7 m × 3 m. Find the volume
of the godown and the total interior
surface area excluding the floor (base).
(Take  = 22/7)

From (i) and (ii), we obtain

Surface area of the sphere is equal to the
surface ar ea of the cylinder t hat just
encloses the sphere.
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 601

Soln: Since the top of the building is in the

form of half of the cylinder of radius 3.5 or, 144  h 2 
12 2  2

m, and lengt h 10 m, split along t he 3

diameter. or, h2 = 144 – 96
2
 V = Volume of the godown or, h = 48

1 or, h = 4 3 cm
= Volume of the cuboid + (Volume of the  Volume of the pyramid
2
cylinder of radius 3.5 m and length 10 m) 1
= (Area of the base × Height)
3
 1  22 
= 10  7  3    3.5  3.5  10   m 3
 2 7  =
1
3

4
3
 2

 12 2  4 3 cm3 = 288 cm3
= (210 – 192.5) m3 = 402.5 m3.
Total interior surface areas excluding the Ex.115: A cylinder is within the cube touching
all the vertical faces. A cone is inside
1 the cylinder. If their heights are same
base floor = Area of four walls + (Curved
2 with the same base, find the ratio of
surface area of the cylinder) + 2 (area of their volumes.
the semi-circles) Soln: Let the length of each edge of the cube be
a units. Then,
 1 22 
= 2(10  7)  3   2   3.5  10   V1 = Volume of the cube = a3 cubic units.
 2 7 
 22 
 2  (3.5)2  m 2
 7 
= (102 + 110 + 38.5) m2 = 250.5 m2.
Ex.114: The length of an edge of a cube is 24
cm. It is cut by a plane into a pyramid
in such a way that its three coterminus

K KUNDAN
edges rem ain hal f of their or iginal
length. Find the volume of the pyramid.
Soln: In the figure given below, EPQR is the
given pyr amid such that t he base is
Since a cylinder is within the cube and it
equilateral triangle PQR.
touches all the vertical faces of the cube.
 r = radius of the base of the cylinder
a
=
2
h = height of the cylinder = a
 V2 = Volume of the cylinder = r2h

22 a 2
=   a cubic units
7 4

11 3
= a cubic units
Lateral edges EP, EQ and ER are of the 14
same length equal to half of the length of A cone is drawn inside the cylinder such
an edge of the cube ie 12 cm. that it has the same base and same height.
Let h be the height of the pyramid EPQR. 1 2
 V3 = Volume of the cone = r h
In right triangle EPQ, we have 3
PQ2 = EP2 + EQ2
2
or, PQ2 = 122 + 122 1 22  a 
=      a cubic units
3 7 2
or, PQ  2  122  12 2 cm.
 a = length of each side of the base 11 3
= a cubic units
= 12 2 cm. 42

3 11 3 11 3
a2  V1 : V2 : V3 = a : a : a
 12  h  2 14 42
3 = 42 : 33 : 11.
602 Concept of Arithmetic

Ex.116: An iron pillar has some part in the form
of a ri ght ci rcul ar cyl i nder and
r em ai ni ng i n the for m of a r i ght
circular cone. The radius of the base
of each of cone and cylinder is 8 cm.
The cylindrical part is 240 cm high and
the conical part is 36 cm high. Find
the weight of the pillar if one cubic cm
of iron weighs 7.8 grams.
Soln: Let r1 cm and r2 cm denote the radii of the
base of the cylinder and cone respectively.
Th en
Ex.117: A circus tent is cylindrical upto a height
of 3 m and conical above it . I f t he
diameter of the base is 105 m and the
slant height of the conical part is 53
m , fi nd t he t ot al canvas used i n
making the tent.
Soln: Total canvas used
= Cur v ed sur f ace ar ea of cylinder +
Curved surface area of cone

 22 22 
= 2   52.5  3   52.5  53  m 2
 7 7 
r1 = r2 = 8 cm.
Let h1 and h2 cm be the heights of the 22
=  52.5 (6  53) m2 = 9735 m2
cylinder and the cone respectively. Then, 7

K KUNDAN
h1 = 240 cm and h2 = 36 cm. Ex.118: A tent is of the shape of a right circular
Now, volume of the cylinder = r12h1 cm 3 cylinder upto a height of 3 metres and
then becomes a right circular cone with
= (  8  8  240 ) cm3 a maxi mum hei ght of 13.5 m etr es
above the ground. Calculate the cost
= (  64  240 ) cm3
of painting the inner side of the tent at
1 2 the rate of Rs 2 per square metre, if
Volume of the cone = r2 h 2 cm3 the radius of the base is 14 metres.
3
Soln: Let r metres be the radius of the base of
1  the cylinder and h metres be its height.
=    8  8  36  cm 3 Th en
3 
r = 14 m and h = 3 m.
1 
=    64  36  cm 3
3 
 Total volume of the iron
= Volume of the cylinder + Volume
of the cone
 1 
=    64  240    64  36  cm3
 3 
=   64  (240  12) cm3

22
=  64  252 cm3
7
= 22 × 64 × 36 cm3
Hence, total weight of the pillar Curved surface area of the cylinder
= Volume × Weight per cm3 = 2rh m2
= (22 × 64 × 36) × 7.8 gms
= 395366.4 gms  22 
= 2   14  3  m2 = 264 m2
= 395.3664 kg  7 
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 603

Let r1 m be the radius of the base, h1 m be

= 2r1h1  r2l 2  m2
the height and l m be the slant height of
the cone. Then, = 2r1h1  r2l 2  m2
r1 = 14 m, h1 = (13.5 - 3) m = 10.5 m
22
and l1 = r12  h12 =
7
 
2  2.1  4  2.1  2.1  2 m2

22
or, l1 = 142  (10.5)2 m =
7
 
 2.1  8  2.1  2 m2

= 196  110.25 m 22
=  2.1  8  2.1  1.414 m2
= 306.25 m = 17.5 m 7
 Curved surface area of the cone 22
=  2.1  8  2.9694 m2
7
 22 
= r1l1 =   14  17.5  m2
 7   22 
=   2.1  10 .9694  m2
= 770 m2  7 
So, total area which is to be painted = 22 × 0.3 × 10.9694 m2
= Curved surface area of the cylinder + = 72.3980 m2 = 72.40 m2
Curved surface area of the cone Volume of the building
= (264 + 770) m2 = 1034 m2. = Volume of the cylinder + Volume
Hence, cost of painting of the cone
= Rs (1034 × 2) = Rs 2068 1
 2 2 
Ex.119: The interior of a building is in the form =  r1 h1  r2 h 2  m3 [  r2 = r1]
of a right circular cylinder of diameter  3 
4.2 m and height 4 m surmounted by a 1
 2 2 
cone. The vertical height of cone is 2.1 =  r1 h1  r1 h 2  m3
m. Fi nd the outer sur face area and  3 

K KUNDAN
volume of the building. 1
2 
(Use  = 22/7) = r1  h1  h 2  m3
Soln: Let r1 be the radius of base of the cylinder  3 
and h1 m be its height. Then, r1 = 2.1 m 22 1
 
and h1 = 4 m =  2.1  2.1   4   2.1 m3
7  3 

22
=  2.1  2.1  4  0.7  m3
7
= 22 × 0.3 × 2.1 × 4.7 m3
= 65.142 m 3
Ex.120: The interior of a building is in the form
of cyli nder of di am et er 4.3 m and
height 3.8 m, surmounted by a cone
whose vertical angle is a right angle.
Find the area of the surface and the
volume of the building.
(Take  = 22/7)
Soln: We have
Let r2 m be the radius of the base of the
cone, h1 m be its height and l 1 m be its
slant height. Then,
r2 = 2.1 m, h2 = 2.1 m
 l 22  r22  h 22

or, l2 = r22  h 22 = 2.12  2.12

= 2.12  2 = 2.1  2 m
Now, outer surface area of the building
= Curved surface area of cylinder +
Curved surface area of cone
604 Concept of Arithmetic

r1 = Radius of the base of the cylinder

4. 3
= m = 2.15 m
2
 r2 = Radius of the base of the cone
= 2.15 m
h1 = Height of the cylinder = 3.8 m
In VOA, we have
OA
sin 45° =
VA
1 2.15
or, 
2 VA Radius BO of the hemisphere (as well as
or, VA   2  2.15 m 1
 4 cm = 2 cm.
= (1.414 × 2.15) m = 3.04 m of cone) =
2
Clearly, VOA is an isosceles triangle.
Now, let right circular cylinder EFGH
Therefore, VO = OA =2.15 m
circumscribe the given solid.
 h2 = Height of the cone = VO = 2.15 m
Radius of the base of the right circular
l2 = Slant height of the cone = VA
cylinder = HP = BO = 2 cm.
= 3.04 m
Height of the cylinder = AP = AO + OP
Now,
= 2 cm + 2 cm = 4 cm
Surface area of the building
Now, volume of the right circular cylinder
= Surface area of cylinder + Surface
– volume of the solid
area of cone
= 2r1h1  r2l 2  m2  2 2 3 1 3 
=   2  4      2     2  cm3
 3 3 
= 2r1h1  r1l2  [  r1 = r2 = 2.15m]
= (16  8) cm3 = 8 cm3

K KUNDAN
= r12h1  l 2 
Hence, the right circular cylinder covers
= 3.14 × 2.15 × (2 × 3.8 + 3.04) m2
= 3.14 × 2.15 10.64 m2 = 71.83 m2 8 cm3 more space than the solid.
Volume of the building Ex.122: The r adi us of t he base of a r ight
= Volume of t he cylinder + Volume circular cone is 14 cm and altitude 20
of the cone cm. What is the largest lateral surface
area possible for a cylinder inscribed
 2 1 2  in this cone?
=  r1 h1  r2 h 2  m3
 3  Soln: Taking first of all general cases,
 2 1 2 
=  r1 h1  r1 h 2  m3 [  r2 = r1]
 3 
2 1 
= r1  h1  h 2  m3
 3 

 2.15 
= 3.14  2.15  2.15   3.8   m3
 3 
= 3.14 × 2.15 × 2.15 × (3.8 + 0.7166) m3
= 3.14 × 2.15 × 2.15 × 4.5166) m3
= 65.55 m 3
Ex.121: A sol i d t oy i s i n t he for m of a Let a cylinder with base radius r and
hem i spher e surm ount ed by a r i ght altitude h be inscribed in the cone. From
circular cone. Height of the cone is 2 the similarity of the triangle AOS and
cm and the diameter of the base is 4 BO1S, it follows that
cm. I f a ri ght ci rcul ar cyl i nder
circumscribes the solid, find how much R (H  h )
more space it will cover. r = ....(i)
H
Soln: Let BPC be the hemisphere and ABC be The lateral surface area of cylinder S
the cone standing on t he base of t he
hemisphere. = 2rh , or
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 605

2R Volume of 10 cones with hemispherical

S = h (H  h ) tops
H
{substituting (1) for r}. = (10  2r 3 ) cm3 = 20r 3 cm3
From geometric consideration, h varies in Volume of the cylindrical container
the interval 0 < h < H.
= (  62  15 ) cm3 = 540 cm3
2Rh 2 Clearly, volume of 10 cones with hemi-
S = 2Rh 
H spherical tops = Volume of the cylindrical
2 container
RH 2R  H
=  h   or, 20r 3  540
2 H  2
(isolating the perfect square) or, r3 = 27
S is maximum when second term is zero, or, r = 3 cm.
H Hence, radius of the ice-cream cone is 3
ie h  O cm.
2
Ex.124: A solid wooden toy is in the shape of a
H
ie, h  . r ight ci r cul ar cone m ount ed on a
2 hem i spher e. I f t he r adi us of the
 Maximum value of lateral surface area
hemisphere is 4.2 cm and the total
1 height of the toy is 10.2 cm, find the
= RH volume of the wooden toy.
2
Radius = 14 cm Soln: We have VO = 10.2 cm, OA = OO
Height = 20 cm = 4.2 cm.
Maximum value of lateral surface area
1 22
=   14  20 = 440 cm2.
2 7
Ex.123: A cylindrical container of radius 6 cm

K KUNDAN
and height 15 cm is filled with ice-
cream. The whole ice-cream has to be
di str ibuted t o 10 chil dren in equal
cones with hemispherical tops. If the
height of the conical portion is four
times the radius of its base, find the
radius of the ice-cream cone.
Soln: Let the radius of the base of the conical
portion be r cm. Let r be the radius of the hemisphere and
Then, height of the conical portion h be the height of the conical part of the
= 4r cm. toy. Then,
r = OA = 4.2 cm.
h = VO = VO  OO = (10.2 – 4.2) cm
= 6 cm.
Also, radius of the base of the cone
= OA = r = 4.2 cm.
 Volume of the wooden toy = Volume of
t he conical par t + Volume of the
hemispherical part
1 2 2 3 
=  r h  r  cm3
3 3 
r 2
= (h  2r ) cm3
 Volume of cone with hemispherical top 3
= Volume of the cone + volume of the
1 22
hemispherical top =   4.2  4.2  (6  2  4.2) cm3
3 7
1 2 2 3
=  r  4r  r  cm3
3 3  1 22
=   4.2  4.2  14.4 cm3
6 3 3 7
=  r  cm3 = (2r 3 ) cm3 = 266.11 cm 3
3 
606 Concept of Arithmetic

Ex.125: A vessel i s i n t he for m of a hem i -

spherical bowl mounted by a hollow
cylinder. The diameter of the sphere is
14 cm and t he t otal height of t he
vessel is 13 cm. Find its capacity.
(Take  = 22/7)
Soln: Let r be the radius of the hemispherical
bowl and h be the height of the cylinder.
Then, r = 7 cm and h = 6 cm.

Now, volume of the solid = Volume of the

cylinder + Volume of two hemispheres
 2  2 3 
=  r h  2 r  cm3
 3 

2 4r 
= r  h   cm3
 3 
Total capacity of the bowl
= Volume of the cylinder + Volume of
 22  7 2  4 7 
the hemisphere
=  7   2   12  3  2  cm3
    
 2 2 3
=  r h  r  cm3
 3   22 7 7 50 
=      cm3
2 2   7 2 2 3 
= r  h  r  cm3 = 641.66 cm 3
 3 

K KUNDAN
Ex.127: A solid is in the form of a right circular
22  2  cone mounted on a hemisphere. The
=  72   6   7  cm3
7  3  radius of the hemisphere is 3.5 cm and
the height of the cone is 4 cm. The solid
32 is placed in a cylindrical tub, full of
= 22  7  cm3 water, in such a way that the whole
3
soli d i s submer ged i n wat er. If t he
4928 radius of the cylinder is 5 cm and its
= cm3
3 height is 10.5 cm, find the volume of
= 16.42.66 cm 3 water left in the cylindrical tub.
Ex.126: A solid is in the form of a cylinder with (Use  = 22/7)
hemi-spherical ends. The total height Soln: We have VO = 4 cm, OA = OB = OO
of the solid is 19 cm and the diameter = 3.5 cm.
of the cylinder is 7 cm. Find the volume
of the solid.
(Use  = 22/7)
Soln: Let r cm be the radius and h cm the height
of the cylinder. Then,
7
r = cm and
2

 7
h = 19  2   cm
 2
= 12 cm
Also, radius of hemisphere
7
= cm = r cm.
2  Volume of the solid = Volume of its
conical part + Volume of its semi-
spherical part
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 607

Surface area of the other hemisphere

 1 22 2 22 
=    (3.5 )2  4    (3.5)3  cm3 = 3.08 m2.
3 7 3 7   Total surface area
= (22 + 3.08 + 3.08) m2
1 22
=   (3.5)2 4  2  3.5 cm3 = 28.16 m2.
3 7 Rate of painting = Rs 10 per square metre.
 Cost of painting = Rs (10 × 28.16)
 1 22  7  2  = Rs 281.60
=  3  7   2   11 cm3 Ex.129: A toy is in the shape of a right circular
   
cylinder with a hemisphere on one end
Clearly, when the solid is submerged in and a cone on the other. The height
the cylindrical tub the volume of water and radius of the cylindrical part are
that flows out of the cylinder is equal to 13 cm and 5 cm respectively. The radii
the volume of the solid. of the hemispherical and conical parts
Hence, are the same as that of the cylindrical
Volume of water left in the cylinder part. Calculate the surface area of the
= Volume of cylinder – Volume of t he toy if height of the conical part is 12
solid cm .
 22 2  Soln: Let r cm be the radius and h cm the height
2 1 22  7 
=  7  (5)  10 .5  3  7   2   11 cm3 of the cylindrical part. Then,
    r = 5 cm and h = 13 cm.

 22 21 1 22 7 7 
=   25       11 cm3
 7 2 3 7 2 2 

 1 7 
= 11  25  3   11   11  cm3
 3 2 
= (825 – 141.16) cm3

K KUNDAN
= 683.83 cm 3
Ex.128: A storage tank consists of a circular
cylinder, with a hemisphere adjoined
on either end. If the external diameter
of the cylinder be 1.4 m and its length
be 5 m, what wi l l be the cost of
painting it on the outside at the rate of Clearly, radii of the spherical part and
Rs 10 per square metre? base of the conical part are also r cm. Let
Soln: We have, h1 cm be the height, l cm be the slant
height of the conical part. Then,
l 2  r 2  h12

or, l = r 2  h12 = 52  12 2
Diameter of the cylinder = 1.4 m [  h1 = 12 cm, r = 5 cm]
1.4 =
169 = 13 cm
 Radius of the cylinder = m = 0.7m
2 Now, surface area of the toy
Length of the cylinder = 5 m = Curved surface areas of the cylindrical
 Surface area of the cylinder = 2rh par t + Curv ed sur face ar ea of
hemispherical part + Curved surface
22
= 2  0.7  5 m2 = 22 m2 area of conical part
7
= (2rh  2r 2  rl ) cm2
Again, diameter of the hemisphere
= 1.4 m = r (2h  2r  l ) cm2
 Radius of the hemisphere = 0.7 m
 Surface area of a hemisphere  22 
=   5  (2  13  2  5  13 ) cm2
= 2r2  7 

 22   22 
= 2   0.7  0.7  m2 =   5  49  cm2
 7   7 
= 3.08 m2 = 770 cm2
608 Concept of Arithmetic

Ex.130: A wooden toy is in the form of a cone

surm ount ed on a hem ispher e. The
diameter of the base of the cone is 6
cm and its height is 4 cm. Find the
cost of painting the toy at the rate of
Rs 5 per 1000 cm2 .
Soln: We have, radius of the base of the cone
= 3 cm

 Total surface area = Curved surface area

of t he cylinder + Sur f ace ar eas of
hemispherical ends
= (2rh  2  2r 2 ) cm2

= (2rh  4r 2 ) cm2

= 2r (h  2r ) cm2
22
= 2  18  (72  36) cm2
7
[  r = 18 cm, h = 72 cm]
22
Height of the cone = 4 cm = 2  18  108 cm2
7
Let l be the slant height of the cone. Then,
= 12219.42 cm 2
l = Rate of polishing = 7 paise per sq cm.
r 2  h 2  32  42 cm = 5 cm
 Lateral surface area of the cone  7 
 Cost of polishing = Rs 12219 .42  

K KUNDAN
 100 
 22  330
= rl =   3  5  cm2  cm2
 7  7 = Rs 855.36.
Ex.132: A conical vessel of radius 6 cm and
Surface area of the hemisphere = 2r2
height 8 cm is completely filled with
 22  396 water. A sphere is lowered into the
= 2   3  3  cm2  cm2 .
 7  7 water and its size is such that when it
touches the sides, it is just immersed.
 Total surface area of the toy
What fraction of water overflows. (See
 330 396  the figure given below).
=    cm2 = 103.71 cm2
 7 7 
Rate of painting the toy
= Rs 5 per 1000 cm2
5
= Rs per cm2
1000
 Cost of painting the toy
 5 
= Rs 103 .71  
 1000 
= Re 0.51 = 51 paise. Soln: Here, AD = 6 cm and DC = 8 cm (given)
Ex.131: A solid is composed of a cylinder with
hemispherical ends. If the whole length
of the solid is 108 cm and the diameter
of the hemispherical ends is 36 cm, find
the cost of polishing the surface of the
solid at the rate of 7 paise per sq cm.
(Use  = 22/7)
Soln: W e hav e, r = r adius of t he cylinder
= radius of hemispherical ends = 18 cm,
h = Height of the cylinder = 72 cm
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 609

Now, OP2 = OD2 + PD2

 BC = 82  62 = 10 cm
or, 8  r 2  42  r 2
Now consider the ACD and EOC.
Bot h of the triangles are r ight -angled or, 64  16r  r 2  16  r 2
triangle and ECO of the EOC is equal or, 16r = 64 – 16 = 48
to the ACD of the ACD. 48
Hence, the triangles ACD and EOC are or, r = = 3 cm
16
similar.
Let the value of EO be x (ie x is the radius 1 2
of the sphere) Now, volume of cone = r h
3
See the given figure,
AD = 6 cm (given)  AE = 6 cm 1 22
[From the theorem, “The lengths of two =   6  6  8 cm3
3 7
tangents drawn from an external point to a
circle are equal”.] 4 3
 EC = 10 cm – 6 cm = 4 cm Volume of sphere = r
3
Again, since ADC and EOC are similar.
4 22 4 22
DC EC 8 4 =   33    27 cm3
  or,  3 7 3 7
AD OE 6 x
 Fraction of water which overflows
4 6
or, x = = 3 cm Volume of sphere
8 =
Volume of cone
 radius of the sphere = 3 cm
Now, volume of the cone 4 22
  27
1 3 7 3
   6  6  8 cuz cm and = 
= 1 22
3  668 8
3 7
the volume of the sphere

K KUNDAN =
4
3

3
= 1
3
  3  3  3 cu cm.

 required fraction of water

4
333

  6 6 8 8
3
Conversion of Solid from One Shape to
Another
The underlying concept for these type of questions
is that the total volume of a solid does not change
even when its shape changes. See the following
examples:
Ex.133: A sol id i ron rect angular bl ock of
dimensions 4.4 m, 2.6 m and 1 m is
3 cast into a hollow cylindrical pipe of
 required answer = . internal radius 30 cm and thickness 5
8
cm. Find the length of the pipe.
Alternative Method: Soln: Let t he length of pipe be l cm. Then,
AC = AD = 6 cm volume of iron in the pipe is equal to the
[  Length of two tangents from an external volume of iron of the block.
point to a circle are equal.] We have,
Volume of the block
= (4.4 × 2.6 × 1) m3
= (440 × 260 × 100) cm3
r = Internal radius of the pipe = 30 cm
R = External radius of the pipe
= (30 + 5) cm = 35 cm.
 Volume of iron in the pipe
= (External volume) – (Internal volume)
= R 2h  r 2h
=  (R2  r 2 )h
OC = 8 cm = (R  r ) (R  r )h
or, OA =  = 10 cm
=   (35  30 )  (35  30 )  h cm3
or, OD = OA – AD = 10 cm – 6 cm = 4 cm
or, OP = OC – PC = 8 – r =   65  5  h cm3
610 Concept of Arithmetic

Now, volume of iron in the pipe

3 8 8 2
= Volume of iron in the block or, r2 =
6
or,   65  5  h  440  260  100
or, r2 = 8
22  r = 8 cm.
or,  65  5  h = 440 × 260 × 100
7 Let the slant height of the cone be l cm.
Th en ,
 7 1 1
or, h =  440  260  100     cm l = r2  h 2
 22 65 5
or, h = 11200 cm = 112 m or, l =82  62 cm = 64  36 = 10 cm.
Hence, the length of the pipe is 112 m.
 Curved surface area of the cone = rl
Ex.134: A solid cube of side 7 cm is melted to
make a cone of height 5 cm, find the 22
radius of the base of the cone. =  8  10 cm2 = 251.42 cm2
7
Soln: We have, volume of the cube
Ex.136: How many spherical bullets can be made
= (side)3 = 73 cm3 = 343 cm3
out of a solid cube of lead whose edge
Let the radius of the base of the cone be r
measures 44 cm, each bullet being 4
cm. Then,
cm in diameter.
1 22 2 Soln: Let the total number of bullets be x.
Volume of the cone =   r  5 cm3
3 7 4
Since the solid cube is melted to make a Radius of a spherical bullet =cm = 2 cm
2
cone. Therefore,
Now, volume of a spherical bullet
Volume of the cube = Volume of the cone
4  4 22 
1 22 2 =   (2)3 cm3 =    8  cm3
or, 343 =  r 5 3 3 7 
3 7
 Volume of x spherical bullets
343  3  7 7203
or, r2 =  = 65.48  4 22 

K KUNDAN
22  5 110 =    8  x  cm3
3 7 
or, r = 65.48 cm = 8.09 cm Volume of the solid cube = (44)3 cm3.
Ex.135: A solid right circular cylinder of radius Clear ly, volume of x spherical bullets
8 cm and height 2 cm is melted and = Volume of cube.
cast into a right circular cone of height 4 22
3 times that of the cylinder. Find the or,   8  x  (44)3
3 7
curved surface of the cone.
Soln: We have, 4 22
volume of the solid right circular cylinder or,   8  x  44  44  44
3 7
= r2h
 22  44  44  44  3  7
=   8  8  2  cm3 or, x = = 2541.
 7  4  22  8
Hence, total number of spherical bullets
It is given that the solid right circular
= 2541.
cylinder is melted and cast into a right
Ex.137: How many spherical lead shots each
circular cone of height 3 times that of the
4.2 cm in diameter can be obtained from
cylinder ie 6 cm. Let r cm be the radius of
a r ectangul ar sol id of l ead wit h
the cone.
dimensions 66 cm, 42 cm, 21 cm.
Th en ,
(Use  = 22/7)
1 2 Soln: Let the number of lead shots be x.
Volume of cone = r h
3 Volume of lead in the rectangular solid
= (66 × 42 × 21) cm3
1 22
=   r 2  6 cm3 [  h = 6 cm] 4.2
3 7 Radius of a lead shot = cm = 2.1 cm
2
But,
Volume of the cone = Volume of the cylinder Volume of a spherical lead shot

1 22 2 22 4 22
 r  6 = 882 =   (2.1)3 cm3
 3 7
3 7 7
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 611

 Volume of x spherical lead shots Ex.139: A hemisphere of lead of radius 8 cm is

cast into a right circular cone of base
 4 22 
=    (2.1)3  x  cm3 radius 6 cm. Determine the height of
3 7  t he cone, cor r ect to t wo places of
 Volume of x spher ical lead shot s decimal.
= Volume of lead in rectangular solid Soln: Let h cm be the height of the cone.
We have, radius of hemisphere = 8 cm,
 4 22 
    (2.1)3  x   66  42  21 Radius of the base of the cone = 6 cm.
3 7  Now, volume of the cone = volume of the
hemisphere
66  42  21  3  7
or, x = 4  22  (2.1)3 1 2
or,    62  h     (8)3
3 3
66  42  21  21  1000 or, 36h = 2 × 512.
=
4  22  21  21  21 1024 256
= 1500 or, h =  = 28.44 cm.
36 9
Hence, the number of spherical lead shots
is 1500. Ex.140: A spher i cal cannon ball , 28 cm i n
Ex.138: A solid lead ball of radius 7 cm was di ameter is melted and cast i nto a
melted and then drawn into a wire of right circular conical mould, the base
diameter 0.2 cm. Find the length of the of which is 35 cm in diameter. Find
wire. the height of the cone, correct to two
Soln: We have, places of decimal.
Radius of the lead ball = 7 cm Soln: Let h cm be the height of the cone. We
 Volume of the lead ball have, diameter of spherical cannon ball =
28 cm
 4 22  or, Radius of base of the spherical cannon
=    7  7  7  cm3
3 7  ball = 14 cm.
Diameter of the base of the cone = 35 cm

K KUNDAN
 4312 
=   cm3 35
 3  or, Radius of base of the cone =cm
2
Clearly, the wire is a cylinder of radius
Now, volume of t he cone = volume of
0.1 cm.
spherical cannon ball
Let the length of this wire be h cm. Then,
Volume of the wire 1
2
 35  4 3
or,     h     (14)
 22  3  2  3
=   0.1  0.1  h  cm3
 7 
2
 35  3
 11h  or,   h  4  (14 )
=   cm3  2 
 350 
But,  2 2 
or, h =  4  14  14  14    cm
Volume of the wire = Volume of the lead  35 35 
ball
 2 2
11h 4312 or, h =  4  2  2  14    cm
or,   5 5
350 3
896
 4312 350  or, h = cm = 35.84 cm
or, h =    cm 25
 3 11 

 4312  350 
=   m = 457.33 m
 3  11  100 
Hence, the length of wire = 457.33 m
612
Practice Exercise
Exercise–1
(Cuboid and Cube, Swimming Pool and Area of the Four Walls)
1. If the rainfall on a certain day was 5 cm, how
many litres of water fell on 1 hectare field on
that day?
2. The length, breadth and height of a cuboidal
reservoir is 7 m, 6 m and 15 m respectively.
8400 litres water is pumped out from the
reservoir. Find the fall in the water-level in
the reservoir.
3. What is the weight of a cubical block of ice
50 cm in length, if one cubic metre of ice
weighs 900 kilograms?
4. A cube of 9 cm edge is immersed completely
in a rectangular vessel containing water. If
the dimensions of the base are 15 cm and 12
cm, find the rise in water level in the vessel.
5. The surface area of a cuboid is 22 cm 2 and
the sum of the lengths of all its edges is 24
cm. Find the length of a diagonal of the cuboid.
6. A rectangular tank measuring 5.5 m by 4 m
by 2.5 m is dug in the middle of a field 35
m by 15.4 m. The earth dug out is spread
K KUNDAN
evenly on the remaining portion of the field.
How much is the level of field raised?
7. A rectangular field is 40 m long and 28 m
wide. A pit 12 m long, 6 m wide and 5 m
deep is dug in a corner of the field and the
earth taken out of the pit is spread uniformly
over the remaining port ion of t he f ield.
Calculate by how much is the level of the
field raised.
8. The length of the diagonal of a cube is 17.32
cm. Find the volume of the cube.
9. A tank is of the shape of a cuboid whose
length is 7.2 m and breadth is 2.5 m. Water
flows into it through a pipe whose cross-
section is 5 cm × 3 cm at the rate of 10 m per
second. Find the height to which water level
will rise in the tank in 40 minutes?
10. The weight of a cubic metre of a certain metal
is 480 kg. It is melted and then rolled into a
square bar 4 m long. Now an exact cube is cut
from it. Find the weight of the cube.
11. A metal bar of dimensions 19 cm × 4 cm × 2
cm and a metal cube of side 4 cm were melted
together and re-casted into a new single cube.
Find the length of the edge of new single
cube.
12. A metallic cube of edge 2.5 cm is melted and
recasted into the form of a cuboid of base 1.25
cm × 0.25 cm. Find the increase in the surface
area.
13. The surface of water in a swimming pool is
Concept of Arithmetic
rectangle 32 m long and 9.5 m wide and the
depth of water increases uniformly from 1.5
m at one end to 4.5 m at the other end. What
is the volume of water in the pool?
14. Two-thirds of a cuboidal aquarium is filled
with water and then tilted on its side until
the water level coincides with one edge on
the bottom and one edge on the top. During
the tilting process, 6 litres of water is poured
out. What is the volume of tank?
15. The four walls of a room can be fully covered
by 70 square wall papers of 2 m × 2m size.
The length of the room is 18 m and its breadth
is twice t hat of it s height . If t he cost of
carpeting is Rs 20 per square metre, what
will be the total expenditure in carpeting the
room?
16. The length of a hall is 20 m and width 16 m.
The sum of the areas of the floor and the flat
roof is equal to the sum of the areas of the
four walls. Find the height and the volume of
the hall.
17. The internal length, breadth and height of
an open box are 85 cm, 65 cm and 72.5 cm
respectively. Find the cost of painting the
outside of the box leaving its bottom, at Rs 15
per square decimetre, it being given that wood
is 25 mm thick.
1
18. A wall 3 metres high and metre thick is
4
built surrounding the outside of a court 17
metres square. Find the cost of that wall at
1
Rs 2500 per cubic metre if there be a gate 1
2
metres wide on each side.
1
19. A box with a lid is made of planking 2 cm
2
thick. If its external dimensions be 1 m, 85
cm and 65 cm, how many square metres of
planking are used in the construction?
2 0 . A stream which flows at a uniform rate of 2.5
km an hour, is 20 metres wide, the depth of
a certain ferry being 1.2 metres. How many
litres pass the ferry in a minute? (1 cubic
metre = 1000 litres)
21. The inside of a wat er r eser v oir wit h
3
rectangular base is 25 metres long and
5
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume)
1
19 metres broad. Find the diagonal of its
5 which is 100 m long and 44 m wide.
base. If it is 14 metres deep, find how many
metric tonnes of water it can contain. (One
cubic metre of water weighs 1000 kg).
2 2 . A rectangular iron cistern open at the top
measures externally 300 cm long, 208 cm
broad and 180 cm deep. If the metal is 4.0 cm
thick, find the weight of the cistern when
(i) empty
(ii) full of water
[Giv en: Density of iron = 7. 2 gm/cc and
density of water = 1 gm/cc]
Exercise–2
(Prism and Cylinder)
1. The base of a prism is a triangle of which the
sides ar e 17 cm, 25 cm and 28 cm
respectively. The volume of the prism is 4200
cubic cm. What is the height? Find its lateral
area also.
2. There are two prisms, one has equilateral
triangle as a base and the other a regular
hexagon. If both of the prisms have equal
K KUNDAN
height s and volumes, t hen find the rat io
between the length of each side at their bases.
3. A well with 7 metres inside diameter is dug
22.5 metres deep. Earth taken out of it is
spread all round to a width of 10.5 metres to
for m an embankment. Find the height of
embankment.
(Take  = 22/7)
4. A cylindrical tank of diameter 35 cm is full of
water. If 11 litres water is taken out from the
tank, find the drop in the water level in the
tank.
(Use  = 22/7)
5. Water flows out through a circular pipe whose
internal diameter is 2 cm, at the rate of 7
metres per second into a cylindrical tank the
radius of whose base is 40 cm. By how much
will the level of water rise in half an hour?
6. Into a circular drum of radius 4.2 m and height
3.5 m, how many full bags of wheat can be
emptied if the space required for wheat in
each bag is 2.1 cubic m.
(Take  = 22/7)
7. How many cubic metres of earth must be dugout
to sink a well 22.5 m deep and of diameter 7
m? Also, find the cost of plastering the inner
curved surface at Rs 3 per square metre.
8. The diameters of the internal and external
surface of a hollow spherical shell are 6 cm
and 10 cm respectively. If it is melted and
2 15.
recast into a solid cylinder of height 2 cm
3
613
23. Water is flowing at the rate of 5 km/hr through
a pipe of radius 7 cm into a rectangle tank
Determine the time in which the level of water
in the tank will rise 14 cm.
(Take  = 22/7)
24. When water is pumped through a pipe of
diameter 6 cm for 25 minutes into a cistern
of length 5 metres, breadth 3 metres, the
height of water raised through 2.4 metres.
Find the time required to fill up a cistern of 4
met res length, 3.6 metres br eadt h and 2
metres height by pumping water through a
pipe of radius 5 cm.
find the diameter of the cylinder.
(Take  = 22/7)
9. A cylindrical water tank of diameter 1.4 m
and height 2.1 m is being fed by a pipe of
diameter 3.5 cm through which water flows
at the rate of 2 m/s. Calculate in minutes the
time it takes to fill the tank.
(Use  = 22/7)
10. Height of a solid cylinder is 10 cm and
diameter 8 cm. Two equal conical holes have
been made from its both ends. If the diameter
of the hole is 6 cm and height 4 cm, find
(i) Volume of the cylinder.
(ii) Volume of one conical hole.
(iii) Volume of the remaining solid.
11. A milk tanker cylindrical in shape having
diameter 2 metr es and length 4.2 metres
supplies milk to the two booths in the ratio
3 : 2. One of the milk booths has a rectangular
vessel having base areas 3.96 sq m and the
other has a cylindrical vessel having diameter
2 metres. Find the level of milk in each of
the two vessels.
12. Two cylindrical vessels are filled with oil.
The radius of one vessel is 15 cm and its
height is 25 cm. The radius and height of
t he other v essel ar e 10 cm and 18 cm
respectively. Find the radius of a cylindrical
v essel 30 cm in height , which will just
contain the oil of the two given vessels.
13. The radius of the base of a right circular cone
is 14 cm and altitude 20 cm. What is the
largest lateral surface area possible for a
cylinder inscribed in this cone?
14. The thickness of a metallic tube is 1 cm and
the inner diameter of the tube is 12 cm. Find
the weight of 1 m long tube, if the density of
the metal be 7.8 gm per cm3.
A cylindrical road roller made of iron is 1 m
wide. It s inner diameter is 54 cm and
614
thickness of the iron sheet rolled into the
road roller is 9 cm. Find the weight of the
roller if 1 cc of iron weighs 8 gm.
16. The volume of a metallic cylindrical pipe is
748 cm3. Its length is 14 cm and its external
radius is 9 cm. Find its thickness.
17. Increasing the radius of the base of cylinder
by 6 units increase the volume by y cubic units.
Increasing the altitude of the cylinder by 6
units also increase the volume by y cubic units.
If the original altitude is 2 units, find the
original radius.
18. The dept h of the wat er in a r ectangular
swimming pool increases uniformly from 1
metre at the shallow end to 3.5 metres at the
deep end. The pool is 25 metres long and 12
metres wide. Calculate the volume of the water
in the pool in cubic met res. The pool is
empt ied by means of cylindr ical pipe of
internal radius 9 cm. The water flows down
the pipe at a speed of 3 metres per second.
Exercise–3
(Pyramid and Circular Cone)
1. Find the lateral surface area, whose surface
area and v olume of a right pyramid with
K KUNDAN
equilateral triangle as a base in which the
length of each side of the base is 4 cm and
slant height is 5 cm.
2. Find the volume, lateral surface area and total
surface area of a right triangular pyramid the
length of whose edge is 10 cm.
3. The base of a right pyramid is an equilateral
triangle of side 10 cm and its vertical height
is 5 cm find its
(i) slant height
(ii) area of one side face.
4. A right pyramid has an equilateral triangular
base of side 4 units. If the number of square
units of its whole surface area be three times
the number of cubic units of its volume, find
its height.
5. The base of a right pyramid is an equilateral
triangle each side of which is 2 m long. Every
slant edge is 3 m long. Find the lateral surface
area and the volume of the pyramid.
6. The base of a right pyramid is an equilateral
t riangle of side 4 cm. The height of the
pyramid is half of its slant height. Find the
volume and the length of a slant edge of the
pyramid.
7. The volume of a right circular cone whose
radius of the base is 21 cm is 12936 cm 3.
Find the curved surface area of the cone.
(Take  = 22/7)
8. The radius of the base and the height of a
right circular cone are respectively 21 cm and
Concept of Arithmetic
Calculate the number of litres emptied from
the pool in 1 minute giving your answer to
the nearest 10 litres.
(1 litres = 1000 cm3).
(Take  = 3.142)
19. The total surface area of a right triangular
prism of the height 4 cm is 72 3 cm2. If the
base of the prism is an equilateral triangle,
find its volume.
2 0 . The sum of radius of the base and height of a
right circular cylinder is 37 cm. If the total
surface area of the cylinder is 1628 cm2, find
its volume.
(Use  = 22/7)
21. Water is flowing at the rate of 5 km/hr through
a cylindrical pipe of diameter 14 cm into a
rectangular tank which is 50 m long and 44
m wide. Determine the time in which the
level of water in the tank will raise by 7 cm.
(Use  = 22/7)
28 cm. Find the curved surface area, total
surface area and the volume of the cone.
(Take  = 22/7)
9. The radius and height of a cone are in the
ratio 3 : 4. If its volume is 301.44 cm3, what
is its radius? What is its slant height?
(Take  = 22/7)
10. The curved surface area of a cone is 4070
cm 2 and its diameter is 70 cm. What is its
slant height?
(Use  = 22/7)
11. The radius and slant height of a cone are in
the ratio of 4 : 7. If its curved surface area is
792 cm2, find its radius.
(Use  = 22/7)
12. The circumference of the base of a 10 m high
conical tent is 44 metres. Calculate the length
of canvas used in making the tent if width of
canvas is 2 m.
(Use  = 22/7)
13. How many metres of cloth 5 m wide will be
required to make a conical tent, the radius of
whose base is 7 m and whose height is 24
m?
(Use  = 22/7)
14. The volume of a right circular cone is equal
to that of a right circular cylinder 9 cm high
with diameter of the base 60 cm. The height
of the cone is 108 cm. Find the diameter of
the base of the cone.
15. A conical vessel, whose internal radius is 10
cm and height 48 cm, is full of water. If this
water is poured into a cylindrical vessel with
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume)
radius 20 cm, find the height to which the
water rises in it.
(Use  = 22/7)
16. The radii of the ends of a bucket 45 cm high,
which is in the form of a frustum of a cone,
are 28 cm and 7 cm. Determine its capacity
and the surface area.
(Take  = 22/7)
17. A glass piston is in the shape of a frustum of
a cone, having its top and bottom diameters
as 3 cm and 7 cm respectively. If the frustum
is 4 cm high, find its weight if 1 cm3 of glass
weighs 2.1 gm.
Exercise–4
(Sphere, Hemisphere and Spherical Shell)
1. Find the volume and surface area of a sphere
of radius 4.2 cm.
(Take  = 22/7)
2. Find the volume and the total surface area of
a hemisphere of radius 3.5 cm.
(Use  = 22/7)
3. The inter nal and exter nal diameters of a
hollow hemispherical vessel are 24 cm and
25 cm respectively. The cost to paint 1 cm 2
the surface is Re 0.05. Find the total cost to
K KUNDAN
paint the vessel all over.
(Use  = 22/7)
4. A hollow spherical shell is made of a metal of
density 4.9 g/cm3. If its internal and external
radii are 10 cm and 12 cm respectively, find
the weight of the shell.
5. A sphere and a cube have the same surface.
Show that the ratio of the volume of sphere to
that of the cube is 6: .
6. A measuring jar of internal diameter 10 cm is
partially filled with water. Four equal spherical
balls of diameter 2 cm each are dropped in it
and they sink down in the water completely.
What will be the change in the level of water
in the jar?
7. Metal spheres, each of radius 2 cm are packed
into a rectangular box of internal dimension
16 cm × 8 cm × 8 cm. When 16 spheres are
packed the box is filled with preservative
liquid. Find the volume of this liquid. Give
your answer to the nearest integer.
 669 
Use   213 
 
615
18. A right circular cone is cut by two planes
parallel to the base such that the height is
divided into three equal parts. Compare the
volumes of the three parts of the cone.
19. The radius of the base and height of a right
circular cone are in the ratio 5 : 12. If its
volume is 2512 cm 3, find its curved surface
area and total surface area.
2 0 . Water flows at the rate of 10 metres per minute
through a cylindrical pipe whose internal
radius is 0.5 cm. How long would it take to
fill a conical vessel whose radius at the top
is 20 cm and depth is 21 cm?
8. A vessel is in the form of an inverted cone.
Its height is 8 cm and the radius is 5 cm. It is
filled with water upto the brim. When lead
shots each of which is a sphere of radius 0.5
cm are dropped into the vessel, one fourth of
the water flows out. Find the number of lead
shots dropped into the vessel.
9. A solid is composed of a cylinder wit h
hemispherical ends. If the whole length of
the solid is 108 cm and the diameter of the
hemispherical ends is 36 cm, find the cost of
polishing the surface of the solid at the rate
of 7 paise per sq cm.
(Use  = 22/7)
10. Three identical balls f it snugly into a
cylindrical can. The radius of the spheres
equal the radius of the can, and the balls just
touch the bottom and the top of the can. If
the formula for the volume of a sphere is V
4 3
= r , what fraction of the volume of the
3
can is taken up by the balls?
11. A sphere of maximum volume is cut out from
a solid hemisphere of radius r. Find the ratio
of the volume of the hemisphere to that of the
sphere.
12. The ratio of the volumes of a right circular
cylinder and sphere is 3 : 2. If the radius of
the sphere is double the radius of the base
of the cylinder, find the ratio of the surface
areas of the cylinder and sphere.
616 Concept of Arithmetic

Exercise–5
(Surface Area and Volume of Combination of Solids)

1. Find the volume of the largest right circular
cone that can be cut out of a cube whose edge
is 9 cm.
2. From a right circular cylinder with height 10
cm and radius of base 6 cm, a right circular
cone of the same height and base is removed.
Find the volume of the remaining solid.
3. A wooden toy is in t he f orm of a cone
surmounted on a hemisphere. The diameter
of the base of the cone is 6 cm and its height
is 4 cm. Find the cost of painting the toy at
the rate of Rs 7 per 100 cm2.
(Use  = 22/7)
4. Rasheed got a playing top (lattu) as his birthday
present, which surprisingly had no colour
on it. He wanted to colour it with his crayons.
The top is shaped like a cone surmounted by
a hemisphere (see the figure given below).
The entire top is 5 cm in height and the
diameter of the top is 3.5 cm. Find the area
he has to colour.
(Take  = 22/7)
8. A circus tent is cylindrical upto a height of 7 m
and conical above it. The diamet er of the
cylindrical portion is 10 m and the total height
of the tent from ground to the vertex of the
conical part is 19 m. Find the cost of canvas
required to build the tent at the rate of Rs 7.70
per square metre.
(Use  = 22/7)
9. A solid is in t he f orm of a right circular
cylinder with hemispherical ends. The total
length of the solid is 35 cm. The diameter of
1
the cylinder is of its height. Find the
4
volume and total surface area of the solid.
(Use  = 22/7)
10. The decorative block shown in the figure is
made of two solids—a cube and a hemisphere.
The base of the block is a cube with edge 5
cm, and the hemisphere fixed on the top has
a diameter of 4.2 cm. Find the total surface of
the block.
(Take  = 22/7)

K KUNDAN
5. A wooden show-piece is of the shape of a
cylinder surmounted by a hemisphere. The
diameter of the cylinder is 42 cm and its
height is 40 cm. Find the cost of polishing
the surface area of the show-piece at the rate 11.
of Rs 10 per 1000 cm2 (excluding the base of
the show-piece).
6. From the figure given below, find the volume
of the toy.

7. A sphere has a diameter of 500 3 cm. A

biggest cube is fitted in it. Now a biggest
sphere is fitted within this cube. Again a
biggest cube is fit ted within t his smaller
sphere. Determine the ratio of volume of
bigger cube to the volume of smaller cube.
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume)
A wooden toy rocket is in the shape of a cone
mounted on a cylinder, as shown in the above
figure. The height of the entire rocket is 26
cm, while the height of the conical part is 6
cm. The base of the conical portion has a
diameter of 5 cm, while the base diameter of
the cylindrical portion is 3 cm. If the conical
port ion is t o be paint ed or ange and t he
cylindrical portion yellow, find the area of
the rocket painted with each of these colours.
(Take  = 3.14)
12. Mayank made a bird-bath for his garden in
the shape of a cylinder with a hemisphere
depression at one end (see the figure). The
height of the cylinder is 1.45 m and its radius
is 30 cm. Find the total surface area of bird
bath.
(Take  = 22/7)
K KUNDAN
13. Shanta runs an industry in a shed which is
in the shape of a cuboid surmounted by a half
cylinder (see the figure). If the base of the
shed is of dimension 7m × 15 m, and the
height of the cuboidal portion is 8 m, find
Exercise–6
(Conversion of Solid From One Shape to Another)
1. A metal (lead) cube of dimension 22 cm has
been recasted into spherical balls of diameter
2 cm. How many such balls will be formed?
2. The radius of a solid metallic sphere is 1.5
cm. It is melted and drawn into a wire of
diameter 0.2 cm. Find the length of the wire.
3. A solid sphere of radius 3 cm is melted and
then cast into small spherical balls each of
diameter 0.6 cm. Find the number of balls
thus obtained.
4. A solid metallic right circular cylinder of base
diameter 16 cm and height 2 cm is melted
and cast into a right circular cone of height
three times that of the cylinder. Find the
curved surface area of the cone.
(Take  = 3.14)
5. A cone of height 24 cm and radius of base 6
cm is made up of modelling clay. A child
reshape it in the form of a sphere. Find the
radius of the sphere.
617
the volume of air that the shed can hold.
Further, suppose the machinery in the shed
occupies a total space of 300 m 3, and there
are 20 workers, each of whom occupy about
0.08 m3 space on an average. Then how much
air is in the shed?
(Take  = 22/7)
14. A juice sellor was serving his customers using
glasses as shown in the given figure. The
inner diameter of the cylindrical glass was 5
cm, but t he bot t om of t he glass had a
hemisphere raised portion which reduced the
capacity of the glass. If the height of a glass
was 10 cm, find the apparent capacity of the
glass and its actual capacity.
(Take  = 3.14)
6. Selvi’s house has an overhead tank in the
shape of a cylinder. This is filled by pumping
water from a sump (an underground tank)
which is in the shape of cuboid. The sump
has dimensions 1.57 m × 1.44 m × 95 cm.
The overhead tank has its radius 60 cm and
height 95 cm. Find the height of the water
left in the sump after the overhead tank has
been completely filled with water from the
sump which had been f ull. Compar e the
capacity of the tank with that of the sump.
(Take  = 3.14)
7. A copper rod of diameter 1 cm and length 8
cm is drawn into a wire of length 18 m of
uniform thickness. Find the thickness of the
wir e.
8. A hemispherical tank full of water is emptied
4
by a pipe at the rate of 3 litres per second.
7
618 Concept of Arithmetic

How much time will it take to empty half the
tank, if it is 3 m in diameter?
(Take  = 22/7)
9. The radius of the base and height of a metal
solid cylinder are r cm and 3 cm respectively.
It is melted and recast into a cone of the same
radius of base. Find the height of the cone.
10. A solid metallic right circular cylinder of base-
diameter 16 cm and height 2 cm is melted
and recast into a right circular cone of height
three times that of the cylinder. Find the
curved surface area of the cone.
(Use  = 3.14)

Answers and explanations

Exercise–1

1. We have, Let the rise in water level be x cm.

Area of the field = 1 hectare = 10000 m2 Clearly, volume of the cube = volume of the
[  1 hectare = 10000 m2] water replaced by it.
Depth of water on the field  Volume of the cube = volume of a cuboid of
dimension 15 cm × 12 cm × x cm.
5 1
= 5 cm = m m. or, 729 = 15 × 12 × x
100 20 729
 Volume of water = Area of the field × depth or, x = cm
15  12
 1  81
of water = 10000   m3 = 500 m3
x = cm = 40.5 cm
 20  20
= 500 × 1000 litres [  1 m3 = 1000 litres] 5. Let the length, breadth and height of the
= 500000 litres cuboid be l, b and h units respectively.
2. We have, According to the question,

K KUNDAN
Volume of water pumped out from the reservoir 2 (lb + bh + lh) = 22 ....(i) and
8400 4 (l + b + h) = 24
= 8400 litres = m 3 [  1000l = 1 m3]
1000 24
= 8.4 m3 or, l + b + h = = 6 ....(ii)
Area of the base of the reservoir 4
2 2 2 2
= (7 × 6) m2 = 42 m2. Now, (l + b + h) = l + b + h + 2 (lb + bh + lh)
 Fall in water-level of the reservoir or, (6)2 = l2 + b2 + h2 + 22
or, l2 + b2 + h2 = 36 – 22 = 14
Volume of water pumped out
=
Area of the base  Diagonal of cuboid = l 2  b2  h 2 =14
 8.4  = 3.74 cm
=   m = 0.2 m 6. Area of the field = 35 × 15.4 = 539 m2
 42 
= (0.2 × 100) cm = 20 cm Area of the rectangular tank = 5.5 × 4 = 22 m2
3. Length of an edge of the cubical block of ice Area of the remaining field where earth is
spread out = (539 – 22) m2 = 517 m2
50 1 The volume of earth dug out = 5.5 × 4 × 2.5 m3
= 50 cm = m m
100 2 Let us assume that the level of field be raised
by h metres on spreading the earth over it.
2
1 1 3  517 h  5.5  4  2.5
 Volume of the block of ice =   m  m .
 2 8 5.5  4  2.5
Since one cubic metre of ice weighs 900 or, h =
517
kilograms. Therefore, or, h = 10.6 cm (approx.)
weight of the cubical block 7. Slove as Q.No. 6.
Area of the field = (40 × 28 =) 1120 sq m
1 
=   900  kg = 112.5 kg Area of the pit = (12 × 6 =) 72 sq m
8  Volume of the pit = (12 × 6 × 5 =) 360 m3
4. Edge of the given cube = 9 cm. Ar ea of the r emaining field where soil is
 Volume of the cube = (93) cm3 = 729 cm3 spread
If the cube is immersed in the vessel, then = Total area of the field – Area of the pit
the water level rises. = (1120 – 72 =) 1048 m2
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 619

Rise in height after spread of the soil will be This becomes the volume of the recasted cube.
equal to the volume of soil taken out from the Now, the volume of new recasted cube.
pit L3 = 216
So, or, L = 6 cm
Remaining area × Raised height = Volume of The required answer is 6 cm.
pit 12. As the metallic cube is melted and recasted
1048 × raised height = 360 into the form of a cuboid,
The volume of metallic cube = volume of cuboid
360
Raised height = = 0.34 metre or 34 cm (Side) 3 = length × breadth ×height
1048 (2.5)3 = 1.25 × 0.25 × h
The required height is 34 cm.
(2.5)3
8. Let the edge of the cube = a cm or, h
0.25  1.25
Diagonal of cube = 3 × (edge)
2.5  2.5  2.5
or, 3 × a = 17.32 or, h = = 50 cm
0.25  1.25
17 .32 17 .32 Surface area of cube
or, a =  = 10
3 1.732 = 6a2 = 6 × (2.5)2 = 6 × 6.25 = 37.50 cm2
Surface area of cuboid = 2 (lb + bh + hl)
 Volume = a3 = (10 × 10 × 10 =) 1000 cm3.
= 2(1.25 × 0.25 + 0.25 × 50 + 50 × 1.25)
9. Volume of the water that flows in 1 second
= 2(0.3125 + 12.50 + 62.50)
= (10 × 0.05 × 0.03) m3
= 2× 75.3125 = 150.625 cm 2
 10  5  3  3  15  3 Increase in Surface Area
=  m =  m = (150.625 – 37.50 =) 113.125 cm 2
 100  100   1000 
13. Given length of swimming pool, l = 32 m
Volume of the water that flows in 40 minutes
Width of swimming pool, W = 9.5 m
 15  Depth of the swimming pool at one end,
=   60  40  m3 = 36 m3
 1000  h1 = 1.5 m
Depth of the swimming pool at the other end

K KUNDAN
Area of the base of cuboid = (7.2 × 2.5) m2
h2 = 4.5 m
 36  The cross section of swimming pool is in the
 Height of water level =   m = 2m shape of trapezium
 7.2  25 
10. Let the length and breadth of the new bar be 1
Area of trapezium =  l  h1  h 2 
x metres. 2
 Volume of the bar = 4 × x × x m3 Volume of water in swimming pool
Volume of cubical bar = Area of cross section × width
= length × breadth × height
Volume of the metal cube = 1 m3 1 
=   l  h1  h 2   w 
Volume of metal cube melted = Volume of bar 2 
formed
 4 × x × x = 1 1 
=   32  (1.5  4.5 )  9.5
2 1 2 
 r, x 
4 = 16 × 6 × 9.5 = 912 cu m
14. Let the volume of aquarium be x litres.
1
or, x  m According to the question,
2
2
1 the quantity of water in it = x
 The edges of cube = m 3
2
Quantity of water left after tilting the aquarium
3
1 1
x
 volume of cube =    m3
 2 8 =
2
 The weight of 1 m3 volume of cube = 480 kg
 1  480 
 The weight of the cube =    60 kg
 8 
11. Volume of the rod = (19 × 4 × 2 =) 152 cm3
Volume of the cube = (43 =) 64 cm3
Total volume of rod and cube
= (152 + 64) cm3 = 216 cm3
620 Concept of Arithmetic

According to the question, 17. Internal length = 85 cm

Internal breadth = 65 cm
2 x
x   6 litres Internal height = 72.5 cm
3 2 Thickness of wood = 25 mm = 2.5 cm
External length = (85 + 2 × 2.5 =) 90 cm
4x  3x
or, 6 External breadth = (65 + 2 × 2.5 =) 70 cm
6 External height = (72.5 + 2.5 =) 75 cm.
or, x = 36 litres. Area which is to be painted
The volume of tank is 36 litres. = Area of the external walls of the box
15. Let the height of the room be a m. = 2 (l + b) × h = 2 (90 + 70) × 75
 The breadth will be 2a m. = 24000 sq cm
The length of the room is 18 m (given)
Area of the four walls 24000
= sq dm = 240 sq dm
= 2(length + breadth) × height 100
Area of the four walls of the room  Cost of painting at 15 per sq dm
= 2a(18 + 2a) = (36a + 4a2) m2 = Rs (240 × 15 =) Rs 3600.
Area of 70 square papers 18. ABCD is the square court having each side
= (70 × 2 × 2 =) 280 m2 equal to 17 metres.
As the wall ar e to be covered f rom these
papers.
Area of four walls = Area of wall paper
or, 36a  4a 2  280
or, 4a 2  36a  280  0

or, a 2  9a  70  0 (on dividing by 4)

or, a 2  14a  5a  70  0 Walls are built along AB, BC, CD, DA. Note
that wall also exists at the four corners A, B,
or, a (a  14)  5 (a  14 )  0

K KUNDAN
1
or, (a  5) (a  14)  0 C, D. There is a gate of 1 metres width on
2
or, a = 5 or –14
Negative height is not possible each side of the square.
 a = 5 metres Length of wall along AB
When height = a = 5 m 1
Breadth = 2a = (2 × 5 =) 10 m = 17 metres – 1 metres
2
 Area of floor = l × b = (18 × 10 =) 180 m2
Cost of flooring at the rate of Rs 20 per m2 1
= 15 metres
= (180 × 20 =) Rs 3600 2
16. Let the height of the hall be h m.
 length of wall along AB, BC, CD, DA
Then, sum of the areas of four walls
= 2(l + b) h m2 31
=  4 = 62 metres
= 2(20 + 16)h m2 2
= 72h m2 Length of wall at the four corners A, B, C, D
Sum of the areas of the floor and the flat roof
= (20 × 16 + 20 × 16) m2 1
= 4 = 1 metre.
= 640 m2 4
It is given that the sum of the areas of four  length of the whole wall
walls is equal to the sum of the areas of the = 62 metres + 1 metre = 63 metres
floor and roof. Volume of the whole wall
 72 h = 640
1
640 80 = 63 × 3 × cub metres
or, h = m = m = 8.88 m 4
72 9
So, height of the hall = 8.88 m 189
= cub metres
4
 80 
Volume of the hall =  20  16   m3
 9  189
 cost of wall = Rs  2500
4
25600
= m3 = 2844.4 m3 = Rs 118125.
9
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 621

19. Internal length = (100 – 5 =) 95 cm Thickness of iron = 4 cm

Internal breadth = (85 – 5 =) 80 cm Internal dimensions
Internal height = (65 – 5 =) 60 cm l   292 cm
External volume of box = 100 × 85 × 65 b   200 cm
= 552500 cub cm
Internal volume of box = 95 × 80 × 60 h   176 cm (because the cistern is open)
= 456000 cub cm External volume = l × b × h
 volume of wood = (300 × 208 × 180 =) 11232000 cu cm.
= (552500 – 456000 =) 96500 cub cm Internal volume = l   b  h 
= .0965 cub m = (292 × 200 × 176 =) 10278400 cu cm.
 2.5  ( i ) Volume of the metal of cistern
 area of planking =  .0965   sq m
= External volume – Internal volume
 100 
= (11232000 – 10278400 =) 953600 cu cm.
100  Weight of the cistern = Volume × Density
= .0965  sq m = 3.86 sq m.
2.5 = 953600 × 7.2 = 6865920 gm
2 0 . Length = 2.5 km = 2500 m = 6865.92 kg
Width = 20 m, Depth = 1.2 m (ii) Volume of water
The volume of water passing the ferry per = Internal volume of the cistern
hour is that of a cuboid whose dimensions = 10278400 cu cm
are given above. Hence,  Weight of the water = 10278400 × 1
Volume of water passing in 1 hour = 10278400 gm = 10278.4 kg
= 2500 × 20 × 1.2 cub m Total weight
The number of litres of water passing in 1 = Weight of the cistern + Weight of water
minute = (6865.92 + 10278.4 =) 17144.32 kg
2500  20  1.2  1000 Hence weight of cistern full of water
= = 1000000 = 17144.32 kg
60 23. Rate of flow of water = 5 km/hr
3 128
21. Length = 25 metres = metres 55 25

K KUNDAN
5 5 = = m/sec = m/sec
18 18
1 96 Volume of water flowing in 1 second
Breadth = 19 metres = metres
5 5
 2 25 
=    (0.07 )  18  m3
2 2  
 128   96 
 diagonal =     metres [  Volume of the cylinder = r2h]
 5   5 
22 7 7 25 154
=     m3
16384 9216 7 100 100 18 7200
=  metres
25 25 Level of water in the tank = 14 cm = 0.14 m
256000  Volume of water in the tank
= metres = 32 metres = 100 × 44 × 0.14 m3
25  required time
Amount of water
100  44  0.14  7200
128 96 = seconds
=   14  1000 kilograms 154
5 5 = 28800 seconds
= 6881.28 metric tonnes
28800
2 2 . External dimensions = hours = 8 hours
l = 300 cm 3600
b = 208 cm 24. Volume of water in the first cistern
h = 180 cm = (5 × 3 × 2.5 =) 36 cu m
Volume of water in the second cistern
= (4 × 3.6 × 2 =) 28.8 cu m
 A pipe of radius of 3 cm gives, 36 cu m
water in 25 minutes.
 A pipe of radius of 5 cm will give water
28.8 cu m
25  3  28.8
= = 12 minutes
36  5
622 Concept of Arithmetic

Exercise–2

1. Let the sides be a = 17 cm, b = 25 cm, c = 28 cm  Volume of embankment

Then, s = 
 a  b  c   17  25  28 
  = 35 cm

=  10.5  3.5 2  3.52  h 
 2   2 
 14 
 12.25  h
2
=
(s – a) = (35 – 17 =) 18 cm
(s – b) = (35 – 25 =) 10 cm =  (196  12 .25 )  h
(s – c) = (35 – 28 =) 7 cm
=   183 .75  h  m3
Area of a triangle = s (s  a ) (s  b ) (s  c )
49
Clearly,   183.75  h     22.5
Hence, area of the base = 35  18  10  7 sq cm 4
= 210 sq cm   49  22.5 3
Volume of the prism = Area of the base × Height or, h =  = 1.5
  183.75  4 2
 4200  Hence, the required height = 1.5 metres.
 Height of the prism =    20 cm
 210  4. Here, the diameter of the cylindrical tank
Lateral Area = Perimeter of the base × Height = 35 cm
= (17 + 25 + 28) × 20 Therefore, the base area of the tank
= 1400 sq cm 2
2. Let the height of each prism be h units and 22  35 
=  
the length of each side of equilateral triangle 7  2 
at the base of first prism be a units and that Now, suppose the drop in the water level is x
the second prism having regular hexagon as cm. Then
base be b units. (See the figures given below)
2
22  35 
   x  11  1000 cm 3
7  2 

K KUNDAN
[  1 litre = 10003]
11000  7  2  2 308000
x=   11.428 cm
22  35  35 26950
Hence, required drop in the water level
= 11.428 cm
5. Given
Speed of the water = 7 m/s = 700 cm/s
Radius of pipe = 1 cm
I II Area of cross section of pipe = (1)2 =  cm2
Volume of water falling from pipe per second
According to the question,
= 700 ×  sq cm
Volume of first prism = Volume of second prism
Time = (30 × 60 =) 1800 seconds
3 2 3 3 2 Volume of water falling in half an hour
a h  b h = 700 ×  × 30 × 60 cu cm
4 2
This v olume and v olume of wat er in
1 2 3 2 cylindrical tank should be equal. So taking
or, a  b or, a 2  6b 2 the height of water in cylindrical tank as h
4 2
cm,
a 6    40  40  h  700    30  60
or, a  6b or, 
b 1 700  30  60
or, h = = 787.5 cms
 a :b  6 :1 40  40
or, 7.875 metres
3. Volume of earth taken out from the well 6. Here, r = 4.2 m, h = 3.5 m.
2  Volume of the drum
= r h
= (r2h) m3 = (3.14 × (4.2)2 × 3.5) m3
2 Volume of each bag of wheat = 2.1 cubic metres
7  49 
=      22 .5      22.5  m3
2  4  Volume of drum
 Number of bags = Volume of a bag
Let the height of embankment be h metres.
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 623

3.14  4.2  4.2  3.5

=
2.1
= 3.14 × 8.4 × 3.5
= 92.316 = 92 bags nearly.
7. Volume of the earth to be dugout = Volume of
the well
 22 7 7 
=     22.5  m3 = 866.25 m3
 7 2 2  Let the tank be filled in x seconds
Volume of water flowing per second
Area of the inner curved surface = 2rh
2
7
 22 7  =    200 cm3
= 2    22 .5  m2 = 495 m2 4
 7 2  [Here h = 2 m = 200 cm]
 Cost of plastering the inner curved surface  Volume of water flowing in x seconds
= Rs (495 × 3) = Rs 1485. 2
8. External radius of the spherical shell (R) 7
= x     200 cm3
 4
1 Again volume of cylindrical tank
=  10 cm = 5 cm
2
=  (70 )2  210 cm3
Internal radius of the spherical shell (r)
According to the question,
1 Volume of water filled by the pipe in x seconds
= 6 cm = 3 cm
2 = volume of the tank
Volume of the hollow spherical shell 2
7 2
 x     200   (70 )  210
=
4
3
 
 R3  r 3 =
4
3

 5 3  33  cm 3 4

K KUNDAN
4 22
=  125  27 cm3
3 7

4 22
=   98 cm3
3 7
Let the radius of the solid cylinder be r cm
Height of the solid cylinder (h)
2
cm = 8 cm
= 2
3 3
Volume of the solid cylinder
= Volume of the hollow spherical shell   70  70  210
or, x =
4 22 7 7
or, r 2h    98     200
3 7 4 4

22 2 8 4 22 70  70  210  4  4
or, r     98 =
7 3 3 7 7  7  200
= 1680 seconds = 28 minutes
4 22 7 3
or, r 2    98    49  1680 
3 7 22 8  60  28 
 
 r= 49 = 7 Hence it takes 28 minutes to fill the cylindrical
Hence, diameter of the solid cylinder water tank.
= 2 × radius = (2 × 7 =) 14 cm 10. Volume of the cylinder = r2h
9. Diameter = 3.5 cm 2
=  (4)  10  160  cm3
3.5 35 7 1 2
 Radius =   cm Volume of one cone = r h
2 20 4 3
Radius = 0.7 m = 70 cm 1
Height = 2.1 m = 210 cm =   32  4  12 cm3
3
624 Concept of Arithmetic

163350
 Volume of third cylinder = cm3
7
Its height = 30 cm
Let its radius be x cm
22
 Its volume = r 2h   x 2  30 cm3
7

 22  x 2  30  163350
Volume of two cones = (2 × 12  =) 24 cm3 7 7
Hence volume of the remaining solid
163350 7 1 495
= (160   24  )136  cm3 or, x 2    
7 22 30 2
11. Diameter of the milk tanker = 2 m
Radius of the tanker = 1 m 12
495  495 
Length of milk tanker = 4.2 m  x =     15.73 cm
2  2 
2
 Volume of the tanker = r h 13. Taking first of all general cases,
22
or, V =  12  4.2 cu m = 13.2 cu m
7
Ratio of the volume of milk in rectangular and
cylindrical vessels = V1 : V2 = 3 : 2
3
 V1 =  13.2 m3 = 7.92 m3
5

2
and V1 =  13.2 m3 = 5.28 m3
5

K KUNDAN
Area of the base of rectangular vessel = 3.96 m2
Let h1 be the height of milk in this vessel
 3.96h1 = 7.92
Let a cylinder with base radius r and altitude
 7.92  h be inscribed in t he cone. From the
or, h1 =   2 m
 3.96  similarity of the triangle AOS and BO 1S, it
Radius of cylindrical vessel = 1 m follows that
Let h2 be the height of milk in this cylinder
R (H  h )
 5.28  7  r= ....(i)
  1.68 m H
 h2 = 
 22 
The lateral surface area of cylinder S = 2rh ,
 Height of milk in rectangular vessel = 2 m
and height of milk in cylindr ical v essel 2R
or S = h H  h  {substituting (1) for ‘r’}.
= 1.68 m. H
12. Volume of first cylinder = r12h1 From geometric consideration, h varies in the
interval 0 < h < H.
22 123750
=  15  15  25 cm3 = cm 3 2Rh 2
7 7 S = 2Rh 
H
2
Volume of second cylinder = r2 h 2 2
RH 2R  H
=  h  
22 39600 2 H  2
=  10  10  18 cm3 = cm 3
7 7 (isolating the perfect square)
 Combined volume of f ir st and second S is maximum when 2nd term is zero,
cylinder
H
 123750 39600  163350 ie h  O
  2
=  cm3
 7 7  7
H
Since the third cylinder contains the volume ie h  .
of two given vessels. 2
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 625

 Maximum value of lateral surface area 16. We have

R = external radius of pipe = 9 cm
1
= RH h = length of the pipe = 14 cm
2 V = volume of the pipe = 748 cm3
Radius = 14 cm Let r be the internal radius in centimetres.
Height = 20 cm Th en ,
Maximum value of lateral surface area volume = 748 cm3
 1 22  or,  (R 2  r 2 )h  748 cm3
=    14  20   440 cm2.
2 7 
14. We have, or,
7

22 2

9  r 2  14  748
inner diameter of the tube = 12 cm
 r = Inner radius of the tube = 6 cm. 748
2
Thickness of the tube = 1 cm. or, 81  r 
 R = Outer radius of the tube 44
= (6 + 1) cm = 7 cm. or, 81 – r2 = 17
h = Length of the tube = 1 m = 100 cm or, r2 = 64
 Volume of the metal in the tube or, r = 8 cm
Hence, thickness of the pipe
2 2
=  (R  r )h = (R – r) cm = (9 – 8) cm = 1 cm.
17. Let the original radius of cylinder be x units.
22
=  (7 2  62 )  100 cm3 Given, height of cylinder = 2 units
7 Volume of cylinder = r2h

=
22
 13  100 cm3  Volume =   x 2  2  2x 2
7 When the height of cylinder increases by 6
Density of the metal = 7.8 gm/cm3 2 2
 Weight of the tube = Volume × Density units, the new volume is = x 2  6   8 x
Increase in volume due to increase in height

K KUNDAN
22
=  13  100  7.8 gm = 8x 2  2x 2  y units .... (i)
7
= 31868.57 gm New volume due to increase in radius by 6
units
31868.57 2
= kg = 31.86857 kg = x  6  2
1000
Increase in volume due to increase in radius
15. The width of the road roller is 1 m ie 100 cm.
So, height (length) of the cylinder = 100 cm by 6 units = x  62  2  2x 2  y units .... (ii)
Inner radius of the cylinder = r Computing the equations (i) and (ii) above
54 x  62  2  2x 2  8x 2  2x 2
= cm = 27 cm.
2
Thickness of the iron sheet = 9 cm. or, x  62  2  8 x 2
 Outer radius of the cylinder = R or, x 2  36  12x  4x 2
= (27 + 9) cm = 36 cm.
Thus, volume of the iron sheet used or, 36  12x  3x 2

= (R 2h  r 2h ) cm3 or, 3x 2  12x  36  0

2 2
=  (R  r )h cm3 or, x 2  4x  12  0
=  (R  r ) R  r h  cm3 or, x 2  6x  2x  12  0
= [3.14 × (36 + 27) (36 - 27) × 100] cm3 or, x x  6   2x  6  0
314 or, x  2x  6   0
=  63  9  100 cm3
100 or, x + 2 = 0 or, x – 6 = 0
= 178038 cm 3 x = –2 or x = 6
 Weight of the roller = 178038 × 8 gm Ignoring the negative value, the radius
= 6 units.
8
= 178038  kg = 1424.304 kg. 18. The cross-section of swimming pool is of the
1000 shape of trapezium
Sum of parallel sides = (1 + 3.5 =) 4.5 m
626 Concept of Arithmetic

Area of trapezium
or, a  4 3
1  Volume of the prism
= × length × sum of parallel sides
2 = Area of the base × Height

 Area of cross-section =
1
 25  4.5 sq m =
3
4
   4 cm
 4 3
2
3

2
Volume = Area of cross section × width = 48 3 cm3
1 2 0 . Let the radius of the base of the right circular
=  25  4.5  12 cylinder be r cm and its height be h cm.
2
Now, according to the question,
= 675 cm3
h + r = 37 ......(i)
2 Total surface area of the cylinder = 1628 cm2
Volume of cylinder = r h
 Volume of water which flows out from pipe or, 2rh  2r 2  1628
in one second
or, 2r (h  r )  1628
= 3.142 × 9 × 9 × 300 cm3
Volume of wat er which f lows out in 60 or, 2r  37  1628 (Using equation (i))
seconds
= 3.142 × 9 × 9 × 300 × 60 cm3 22
or, 2   37  r  1628
= 4581036 cm 3 7
= 4581.036 litres [  1 litre = 1000 cm3]
1628  7
19. Let each side of the base of the prism be a or, r = = 7
cm. Then, 2  22  37
 r = 7 cm and h = (37 – 7 =) 30 cm
Total surface area = 72 3 cm2
 Volume of the cylinder = r 2h
or, Perimeter of the base × height + 2(Area of
the base) = 72 3  22 
=   7  30  cm3 = 4620 cm3
 7 

K KUNDAN
 3 2 21. Let the level of water in the tank be rise 7 cm
or, 3a  4  2 a   72 3
 4  in x hours.
  Rate of flowing water = 5 km/hr
or, 3a 2  24a  144 3  0  5  25
= 5   m/sec
 18  18
or, a 2  8 3a  144  0
 Volume of water flowed through pipe in x
or, a 2  12 3a  4 3a  144  0 hours
= Volume of water in the tank
  
or, a a  12 3  4 3 a  12 3  0  22

7

7

25
 x  60  60  50  44 
7
=
 
or, a  4 3 a  12 3 0 7 100 100 18 100

50  44  7  7  100  100  18
or, a  4 3  0 = x = = 2
22  7  7  25  60  60  100
[ a  12 3  0 as a  0]  required time = 2 hours.

Exercise–3

1. We have,
a = length of each side of the base = 4 cm and 4 71 71
or, h 2  25    h  cm
slant height = 5 cm. 3 3 3
Let h be the height of the pyramid. Then, Now, lateral surface area
2 1
a
Slant height = h2  = (Perimeter of the base × Slant height)
12 2
1
or, 5  h 2 
16
or, 25  h 2 
4 = 4  4  4  5 cm2 = 30 cm2
2
12 3
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 627

Whole surface area

1 150
= Lateral surface area + Area of the base =  cm2
3 3
 
 30  3  42 
=  4  cm
2
50
  = cm2
3

= 30  4 3  cm 2
4. Let a be the length of each side of the base, h
Volume of the pyramid be the height and l be the slant height of the
1 pyramid.
= (Area of the base × height) We have, a = 4
3
a2
1  3 
2 71  Slant height = h2 
= 3   4  4   3 cm3 12
 
16
4 or, l = h2 
= 71 cm3 12
3
2. Clearly, the pyramid is a tetrahedron whose 4
edge is of length 10 cm. or, l = h2 
3
2 It is given that the number of square units of
 Volume of the pyramid = edge 2 whole surface area of the pyramid is three
12
times the number of cubic units of its volume.
2 2  Lateral surface area + Area of the base
=  10 3 cm =
3
250  cm3 = 3(Volume)
12 3
1
Lateral surface area =
3 3
edge 2 or 4  4  4  h 2  4  3  42
4 2 3 4

3.
K KUNDAN =

Total surface area =

( i ) We have,
=
3 3
4
 10 2 cm2 = 75 3 cm2

3 10 
3 edge 2
2 cm2 = 100 3 cm2

a = length of each side of the base = 10 cm

or, 6 h 2  4  4 3  4 3h
3

or, 6 h 2  4  4 3 h  1
1  3

2


= 3 3  4  4 h 


h = height of the pyramid = 5 cm 3

a2  2 4 2
 Slant height = h2  or, 36 h    48 h  1
12  3

 2 4 2
= 25 
100
cm or, 3 h    4h  1
 3
12

25 10

or, 3h 2  4  4 h 2  2h  1 
= 25  cm = cm
3 3 or, h 2  8h  0
( i i) Lateral surface area or, h h  8   0
1 or, h  8  0  h  0
= (Perimeter of the base × Slant height)
2 or, h = 8
1 Hence, the height of the pyramid is 8 units.
= 10  10  10   10 cm2 = 150 cm2 5. We have, a = 2 m and lateral height = 3 m.
2 3 3 Let h be the height of the pyramid. Then,
 Area of one side face
a2
1 Lateral height = h2 
= (Lateral surface area) 3
3
628 Concept of Arithmetic

4
a2 =
2
or, 3  h  4 16
3 Now, lateral edge = h2   cm
3 9 3
2 4
or, 9  h 
3 52 2 13
= cm  cm
9 3
2 4 23
or, h  9   Volume of the pyramid
3 3
1
23 = (Area of the base × Height)
or, h  m 3
3
= 1  3  42  2 cm3
a2 3 4 3
 Slant height = h2 
12
= 8 3 cm 3
23 4 9
=   8 m2 2 m 7. Let r be the radius, h be the height and l be
3 12
the slant height of the cone.
Now, lateral surface area Then, r = 21 cm (given)
1 Now, Volume = 12936 cm 3
= (Perimeter of the base × Slant height)
2 1 2
or, r h = 12936
1 3
= 2  2  2  2 2 m2 = 6 2 m2
2 1 22
or,   21  21  h = 12936
Volume of the pyramid 3 7
1
= (Area of the base × height)  3  7  12936 
3 or, h =    28 cm

K KUNDAN
 22  21  21 
1 3 23 23 Now, l2 = r2 + h2
=   22  m3 = m3
3 4 3 3
or, l = Slant height = r2  h2
6. We have,
a = length of each side of the base = 4 cm. = 282  212 = 784  441
Let h be the height of the pyramid and l be
slant height. Then, = 1225 = 35
l
h  Curved surface area of the cone = rl
2
 22 
1 a2 =   21  35   2310 cm2
or, h  h2   7 
2 12
8. Here r = 21 cm and h = 28 cm.
2 2 a2 Let the slant height of the cone be l cm. Then,
or, 4h  h 
12
l2  h2  r 2 or l  h 2  r 2
2 a2
or, 3h 
12 or, l  28 2  212
2 16
or, 3h 
12
 a  4 cm  784  441  1225  35 cm
Now, curved surface area of the cone = rl cm2
4
2
or, h   22 
9   21  35  cm2  2310 cm2
 7 
2
or, h 
3
cm Total surface area of the cone = rl  r 2 cm2 
2
= r (l  r ) cm
4  l 
 l   h  2  22
3   =  21  35  21 cm2 = 3696 cm2
7
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 629

12. Let r m be the radius of the base, h m be the

1 2
Volume of the cone = r h cm3 height and l m be the slant height of the cone.
3 Th en ,
Circumference = 44 metres
 1 2 
=    21  21  28  cm3 or, 2r  44
3 7 
= 12936 cm 3 22
or, 2   r  44
9. Let the radius r and slant height h of the 7
cone be 3x cm and 4x cm respectively. Then,  r = 7 metres.
Volume = 301.44 cm 3 It is given that h = 10 metres.
1 2  l2  r 2  h2
or, r h  301.44 cm3
3
or, l  r 2  h 2
1
or,  3.14  3x  3x  4x  301.44 or, l  49  100  149  12.2 m
3
Now, surface area of the tent = rl m 2
3 301.44
or, x 
3  4  3.14 22
=  7  12.2 m2
7
3 301.44
or, x  8 = 268.4 m2
37.68
 Area of the canvas used = 268.4 m2
 x= 2 It is given that the width of the canvas is 2 m.
 r = radius = 3x = 6 cm and  Length of the canvas used
h = height = 4x = 8 cm.
Area  268.4 
= =    134.2 m
Now, slant height = r2  h2 cm Width  2 
36  64 = 100 cm
= 13. Let r m be the radius, h m be the height and l

K KUNDAN
m be the slant height of the tent.
= 10 cm
Then, r = 7 m, h = 24 m.
10. Let r = radius of the base, h = height and
l = slant height. Then,  l  r2 h2
70
r  cm  35 cm or, l  49  576  625  25
2
Now, curved surface area = 4070 cm2 Now, curved surface = rl m 2

or, rl = 4070 cm2  22 

=   7  25  m2
22  7 
or,  35  l  4070
7 = 550 m2
 Area of the canvas used = 550 m2
4070 It is given that the width of the canvas is 5 m.
or, l = = 37
110  Length of the canvas used
 l = 37 cm Area 550
11. Let r cm be the radius and l cm be the slant = = m = 110 m
Width 5
height of the cone. Then,
r: l = 4 : 7 14. For cylinder
or, r = 4x cm, l = 7x cm Height of cylinder h1 = 9 cm
Now, curved surface area = 792 cm2 60
or, rl = 792 Radius of base r1 = cm = 30 cm
2
22 For cone
or,  4x  7 x  792
7 height of cone h2 = 108 cm
Radius r2 = r1
2 792
or, x  9
88 Volume of cylinder = r 2h
or, x = 3 1 2
 x = 4x cm = 12 cm. Volume of cone = r h
3
Hence, the radius of the base of the cone is
12 cm.
630 Concept of Arithmetic

Volume of cylinder = Volume of cone

1
r1 2h1  r2 2 h
17. Volume of the glass piston =
3

h 2
R  r 2  Rr 
3
(frustum of a cone)
r2   30  30  9  3  225  152
2
Substituting h = 4 cm, R =
7
cm = 3.5 cm
108
2
or, r2 = 15 cm
The radius of cone is 15 cm. 3
The diameter of cone is 30 cm. r =
cm = 1.5 cm
2
15. For conical vessel, internal radius = 10 cm
We get, V = 82.76 cm3
Height = 48 cm
Weight of the glass piston
1 2 = (82.76 × 2.1 =) 173.8 gram
 Volume of water = Volume of cone = r h
3 18. Let ABC be a cone which is divided into three
1 parts R, K and T each of height H.
=   10  10  48 From the figure it can be seen that x is radius
3
of part R, y is radius of part K and r is radius
= 1600  cm 3 of full cone.
This water is poured into a cylindrical vessel. Since the triangles AME and ANF are similar
Let the required height be h cm.
AM ME H x
 r 2h  1600   or 
AN NF 2H y
or,   20  20  h  1600

 1600  
h =    4 cm
   20  20 
16. Given that R = 28 cm, r = 7 cm, h = 45 cm

Volume of frustum of a cone =

1

h R 2  r 2  Rr 

K KUNDAN
3
The capacity of the bucket

=
22 45
7

3

 28 2  72  28  7 
22  45  (784  49  196)
=
21 or, y = 2x .... (i)
22  45  1029 Similarly, triangles ANF and AOC are similar
= = 48510 cm3
21 AN NF 2H y
 or 
Surface area of frustum of a cone AO OC 3H r
= [R 2  r 2  (R  r )l ]
3
Slant height of frustum of a cone r= y
2
= h 2  R  r 2 1 2
Volume of part R = x H
 l = 452 + (28 – 7)2 = 2025 + 212
2
3
= 2025 + 441 = 2466
Volume of the part K
 l = 2466 = 49.66 = Volume of cone AGF – Volume of cone ADE
The surface area of the bucket 1 1
= y 2 2H  x 2H
22
=
7

282  72  (28  7) 49.66  3 3

22
784  49  35  49.66
=
1
3

 y 2  2H  x 2H 
=
7
1
=
22
 784  49  1738.1 =
3

 2x   2H  x 2H
2

7
1
= 22 2571.1 = 8080.6 cm2 =   7x 2h
7 3
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 631

Volume of part T
= Volume of cone ABC – Volume of AGF  Slant height (l) = r2  h2 = 102  242
1 2 1 = 100  576 = 676
= r  3H  y 2  2H
3 3 = 26 cm

2
 Curved Surface area of the cone = rl
1  3y  2

= (3.14 × 10 × 26 =) 816.4 cm2
= 3  2   3H  y  2H
   2
Total surface area = rl  r
1  3
2  = 816.4 + 3.14 × 10 × 10 cm2
 2
= 3   2  2x   3Η  2x   2H = 816.4 + 314 cm2
   = 1130.4 cm2
1
=
1
3

 27x 2H  8x 2H  2 0 . Radius of cylindrical pipe =
2
cm
Rate of flow of water = 10 m/minute
1
=   19x 2H = 1000 cm/minute
3 Volume of water coming out per minute from
The required ratio is cylindrical pipe
1 2 1 1 = r2v
x H :   7x 2H :   19x 2H 2
3 3 3 1
=      1000
= 1 : 7 : 19 2
19. Let the radius and height of the cone be 5x = 250cm 3
cm and 12x cm respectively. Then, For conical vessel, r = 20 cm, h = 21 cm
Volume = 2512 cm3
1
1 2  Volume =   (20)2  21
or, r h = 2512 3
3
1   400  21
 3.14  5x  5x  12x = 2512 =

K KUNDAN
or, 3
3
= 2800cm3
2512
or, x3 = = 8 = 23 2800 
3.14  5  5  4  Time taken =
or, x = 2 250 
 radius = 5x = (5 × 2 =) 10 cm and = 11.2 minutes
height = 12x = (12 × 2 =) 24 cm = 11 minutes 12 second

Exercise–4

1. We have
 2 22 
r = radius of the sphere = 4.2 cm. =    3.5  3.5  3.5  cm3
3 7 
4 3
 Volume of the sphere = r
3  2 22 7 7 7 
=       cm3
3 7 2 2 2
 4 22 
=    4.2  4.2  4.2  cm3
3 7   11  49 
=   cm3 = 89.83 cm3
= 310.464 cm 3  3 2 

Surface area of the sphere = 4r 2 Total surface area of the hemisphere = 3r
2

 22   22 
= 4   4.2  4.2  cm2 = 3   3.5  3.5  cm2
 7   7 
= 221.76 cm 2
 22 7 7 
2. We have = 3     cm2
r = radius of the hemisphere = 3.5 cm  7 2 2

2 3 231
 Volume of the hemisphere = r = cm2 = 115.5 cm2
3 2
632 Concept of Arithmetic

3. Let the external and internal radii of the Hence weight of the shell = 14942 gm
hemispher ical v essel be R cm and r cm = 14.94 kg
respectively. Then, R = 12.5 cm and r = 12 5. Let the radius of the sphere be r and the edge
cm of the cube be x.
Now, Area of outer surface = 2R 2 Whole surface area of sphere = 4r2
Area of the inner surface = 2r2 and whole surface area of cube = 6x 2
Area of the ring at the top = R2 – r2 According to the question,
 Total area to be painted 4r2 = 6x2

= 2R 2  2r 2  R 2  r 2  r2

6

3
or,

=  3R  r 2 2
 x2 4 2

r 3
=
22
7

 3  12.5 2  122 cm2  or,
x

2
2
22   25   4 3
= 7   3     122  cm2 r
2 Volume of sphere
     3 3
Volume of cube x
22
=  468.75  144 cm2 3 2
7 4 r  4 r  r
      
3 x 3 x x
22 13480.5
=  612.75 cm2 = cm2
7 7 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 6
     
= 1925.78 cm 2 3 2 2 2  
 Cost of painting = Rs (1925.78 × 0.05)
Hence ratio of the volume of sphere to that of
= Rs 96.28
4. Volume of the shell V cube = 6: .
= Volume of the external sphere of radius R –
Volume of the internal sphere of radius r 1
6. Radius of each ball =  2 cm = 1 cm

K KUNDAN
2
 V =
4
3

 R3  r 3 
=
4
3

R  r  R 2  R  r  r 2 

4 4
Volume of each ball =    1  1 cm3 =  cm3
3 3
4 16
=
4
3
 
 3.1416  12  10  122  12  10  10 2 cm3
Volume of 4 balls = 4 
3
 =
3
 cm3

Volume of water raised in the jar

4 = Volume of 4 balls
=  3.1416  2144  120  100  cm3
3 16
or, Area of the base × h = 
4 3
=  3.1416  2  364 cm3
3 16
Weight of 1 cm3 of metal = 4.9 gm or,   5  5  h  
3
W = Weight of the shell of volume V
16 16
=
4 or, h   cm
 3.1416  2  364  4.9 gm 3  25 75
3
8  3.1416  364  4.9 16
= = 14942 gm Hence rise in the level of water = cm
3 75
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 633

7. Internal volume of rectangular box

= 16 cm × 8 cm × 8 cm = 1024 cm3
Radius of each metal sphere (r) = 2 cm
Volume of each metal sphere
4 3 4 32
= r    23  cm3
3 3 3
 Volume of 16 metal spheres
32 669
= 16   cm3
3 213
512  223
= cm3  Total surface area = Curved surface area of
213 the cylinder + Surface areas of hemispherical
= 536.04 cm3  536 cm3 ends
 Volume of preservative liquid filled in the
box = Internal volume of box – Volume of 16 
= 2rh  2  2r 2  cm 2

metal spheres
= 1024 cm3 – 536 cm3
= 2rh  4r  cm
2 2

= 488 cm3 = 2r h  2r  cm2

8. We have, r = 5 cm, h = 8 cm
22
1 2 = 2  18  72  36 cm2
Volume of cone = r h 7
3
 r  18 cm, h  72 cm 
1 200
=    5 2  8  cm2
22
3 3 = 2  18  108 cm2
The cone is filled to the brim. When lead 7
shots are dropped, one fourth of the water = 12219.42 cm 2

K KUNDAN
flown out. Rate of polishing = 7 paise per sq cm.
The volume of water flown out
 7 
1 200 50  Cost of polishing = Rs 12219 .42  
 100 
=   cm3
4 3 3 = Rs 855.36.
10.

The volume of a lead shot

3
4 1 4 1 
=      cm3
3 2 3 8 6
 Number of lead shots dropped into the
vessel

50 
To avoid using r, assume that the radii of the
3  50   6
= = 100 spheres and the can are 1. Then the volume
 3 
6 4 4
of each ball is 13 =  and the total
9. We have 3 3
r = r adius of t he cylinder = r adius of 4 
hemispherical ends = 18 cm volume of 3 balls is 3   = 4 . Since, the
3 
h = Height of the cylinder = 72 cm height of the can is 6 (the diameter of each
634 Concept of Arithmetic

spher e is 2), the volume of t he can is [where r is the radius of t he base of t he

4 2 circular cylinder and R is the radius of the
12 6  6. So the balls take up  of sphere.]
6 3
the can.
3r 2h3
11. Volume of the solid hemisphere of radius or, 
R3 2
2 3
r 
r . But it is given that R = 2r
3
Radius of the biggest possible sphere that can 3r 2h 3
 
3
r 2r  2
be cut out from a solid hemisphere = .
2
 Volume of solid sphere 3r 2h 3
or, 
4 r 
3
4 r 13 8r 3 2
=      r 3
3 2 3 8 6 3h 3
or, 
Volume of hemisphere 3
2r 6 4 8r 2
or,  
Volume of solid sphere 3  1  r 3 1 h 4
or, 
 Ratio = 4 : 1 r 1
Volume of right circular cylinder 3 Now, we have to find,
12. 
Volume of sphere 2 Curved surface area of the cylinder 2rh

Curved surface area of the sphere 4R 2
r h 3
= 
4 3 2 rh h 4 1
R =   
3 22r 2 8r 8 2

K KUNDAN
Exercise–5

1. The base of the largest right circular cone 2. Let V 1 and V 2 be the volumes of the right
will be the circle inscribed in a face of the circular cylinder and cone respectively. Then,
cube and its height will be equal to an edge of
 22  2
the cube. V1 =   6  6  10  cm3 [Using V1 = r h ]
 7 

 1 22 
and, V2 =    6  6  10  cm3
3 7 

 1 2 
Using : V2  3 r h 
 
 Volume of the remaining solid = V1 – V2
 22 1 22 
=   6  6  10    6  6  10  cm3
 7 3 7 

22  1
=  6  6  10  1   cm3
7  3
9
 r = radius of the base of the cone = cm 22 2
2 = cm3
 6  6  10 
[  edge = 9 cm] 7 3
h = height of cone = 9 cm. = 754.28 cm 3.
1 2 3. Let r be the radius of the hemisphere and h
Hence, volume of the cone = r h be the height of the conical part of the toy.
3
Th en ,
 1 22 9 9  2673 r = OA = 3 cm
=      9  cm3 = cm3
3 7 2 2  14 h = 4 cm
= 190.93 cm 3
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 635

This gives the surface area of the top as

Slant height of conical part l = h2  r 2
 22 3.5 3.5   22 3.5 
2     cm2 +    3.7  cm 2
= 42  32 = 16  9 = 25 = 5 cm  7 2 2   7 2 

22 3.5
=  3.5  3.7 cm2
7 2

11
=  3.5  3.7  cm2 = 39.6 cm2 (approx.)
2
5. Total surface area to be polished = Curved
surface area of cylinder + curved surface area
of the hemisphere = 2rh + 2r2
[Curved surface area of cylinder = 2rh;
Where r and h are radius and height of the
 Curved surface area of cone = rl cylinder respectively.]
 22  330 Curved surface area of the hemisphere = 2r2
=   3  5  cm2 where r is the radius of the hemisphere]
 7  7
2
Curved surface area of hemisphere = 2r

 22  396
= 2   3  3  cm2
 7  7
 Total curved surface area of toy
 330 396 330  396  726
=     cm2 A = 2r(r + h)
 7 7 7  7
 Cost of painting an area of 100 cm2 = Rs 7. 22
= 2  21  40  21

K KUNDAN 726 7
 Cost of painting an area of cm2
7  22 
= 2   21  61   8052 cm2
 7 
 726  7 
=    Rs 7.26 Cost of polishing 1000 cm2 area = Rs 10
 7  100 
4. Total surface area of the top 10
Cost of polishing 1 cm2 area = Rs
= Curved surface area of hemisphere + 1000
Curved surface area of cone Cost of polishing 8052 cm2 area
Now, the curved surface area of hemisphere
10  8052
= Rs = Rs 80.52
=
1
2
 
4r 2  2r 2 1000
6. Radius of hemisphere = Radius of cylinder
 22 3.5 3.5  = Radius of cone = 3.5 cm
= 2     cm2 Height of cylinder (H) = 6 cm
 7 2 2 
Height of cone (h) = {15.5 – (6 + 3.5) =} 6 cm
Also, the height of the cone
= Height of the top – Height (radius) of the 2 3 1
Volume of toy = r  r 2H  r 2h
hemispherical part 3 3
 3.5  2 2 h
= 5   cm = 3.25 cm. = r  r  H  
 2  3 3

So, the slant heigh of the cone (l) = r2  h2 22 2 6

 3.5  3.5  3.5  6  
=
7 3 3
2
 3.5  2
=    3.25  cm = 3.7 cm (approx.) 7  31
 2  = 38.5  8   38.5   397 .83 cm3
 3  3
Therefore, curved surface area of cone = rl  Required volume = 397.83 cm3
 22 3.5  7. Diameter of bigger sphere = Diagonal of bigger
=    3.7  cm2
 7 2  cube = 500 3 cm
636 Concept of Arithmetic

500 3 Lateral surface area of the conical part = rl

Side of cube = = 500 cm
3  22  1430
=   5  13   m2
Volume of bigger cube = (500)3 cm3  7  7
Diameter of smaller sphere = 500 cm Total surface area of the tent
Diameter of smaller sphere = Lateral surface area of cylindrical portion
= Diagonal of smaller cube = 500 cm + Lateral surface area of conical portion
500 500 3  1430 1540  1430 
 Side of smaller cube =  cm =  220   
3 3  7 7 

2970
Volume of bigger cube 500 3 = m2
 7
Volume of smaller cube  3
 Cost of 1 m2 canvassing = Rs 7.70
 500 3 
 3 
  2970
 Cost of 2970 m2 canvassing =  7.70
7
27 9 9 3 = Rs 3267.
=   3 3
3 3 3 3 9. Let r cm and h cm be the radius and the height
of the solid toy.
 Ratio = 3 3 : 1
8.

K KUNDAN From the question,

2r 
1
h
4

h
or, r 
8
Diameter of the base, d = 10 m From the figure, r + h + r = 35
Height of the cylindrical portion, h = 7 m h 2
Height of the conical portion H = Height of or, h   35
8
the tent – height of the cylindrical portion
H = (19 – 7) m = 12 m h
or, h   35
Lateral surface area of cylindrical portion 4
= 2rh or dh
5h
or,  35
 22  4
=   10  7   220 sq m
 7  or, h = 28 cm

Slant height of the conical part (l) = h 28 7

r 2  H2 or, r    cm
8 8 2
or, l  52  122 Volume of the solid toy
= volume of cylinder + 2(volume of hemisphere)
or, l  25  144
2 4 3
= r h  r
or, l = 169 = 13 m 3
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 637

12. Let h be the height of the cylinder, and r the

 22 7  7 4 22 7  7  7 
=    28     cm3 common r adius of the cylinder and
 7 2 2 3 7 2 22  hemisphere. Then the total surface area of
= (1078 + 282.32 =) 1360.32 cm3 the bird bath
Total surface area of the solid = Curved Surface area of cylinder + Curved
= curved surface area of cylinder + surface area surface area of hemisphere
of the sphere 2
= 2rh  2r  2r (h  r )
= 2rh  4r 2  2r (r  2h )
22
= 2  30 (145  30) cm2
 22 7  7   7
= 2      56    1309 cm2
 7 2 2   = 33000 cm2 = 3.3 m2
10. Total surface area of the cube = 6 × (edge)2 13. The volume of the air inside the shed (when
= (6 × 5 × 5 =) 150 cm2 three are no people or machinery) is given by
Note that the part of the cube where the the volume of air inside the cuboid and inside
hemisphere is attached is not included in the half cylinder, taken together. Now, the
the surface area. length, breadth and height of the cuboid are
So, the surface area of the block 15 m, 7 m and 8 m respectively.
= Total surface area of cube – Base area of Also, the diameter of the half cylinder is 7 m
the hemisphere + Curved surface area of and its height is 15 m.
the hemisphere So, the required volume
1
= 150  r 2  2r 2 = (150  2r 2 ) cm2 = Volume of the cuboid + Volume of the
2
 22 4.2 4.2  cylinder
= 150 cm2 +     cm2
 7 2 2 
1 22 7 7
 
= (150 + 13.86) cm2 = 163.86 cm2 = 15  7  8      15  m3
 2 7 2 2 
11. Denote radius of cone by r, slant height of
= 1128.75 m 3

K KUNDAN
cone by l, height of cone by h, r adius of
Next , t he t ot al space occupied by t he
cylinder by r  and height of cylinder by h  .
machinery
Then, r = 2.5 cm, h = 6 cm, r  = 1.5 cm = 300 m3
h  = (26 – 6 =) 20 cm And the total space occupied by the workers
= 20 × 0.08 m3 = 1.6 m3
 2 2  Therefore, the volume of the air, when there
and l = r 2  h 2 =  2.5  6   6.5 cm are machinery and workers
 
Here, the conical portion has its circular base = {1128.75 – (300.00 + 1.60)} m3
resting on the base of the cylinder, but the = 827.15 m 3
base of the cone is larger than the base of the 14. Since the inner diameter of the glass = 5 cm
cylinder. So, a part of the base of the cone (a and height = 10 cm
ring) is to be painted. The apparent capacity of the glass = r 2h
So, the area of the painted orange = (3.14 × 2.5 × 2.5 × 10) cm3
= Curved Surface area + Base area of the = 196.25 cm 3
cone – Base area of the cylinder But the acutal capacity of the glass is less by
2 2 the volume of the hemisphere at the base of
= rl  r   (r )
the glass.
 
=  2.5  6.5  2.52  1.52 cm2
2 3
ie, it is less by r
=  (20 .25 ) cm2 = (3.14 × 20.25) cm2 3
= 63.585 cm 2
Now, the area to be painted yellow 2 
=   3.14  2.5  2.5  2.5  cm3
= Curved Surface area of the cylinder + Area 3 
of one base of the cylinder = 32.71 cm 3
= 2r h    (r )2 So the actual capacity of the glass
= Apparent capacity of glass – Volume of
= r  (2h   r ) the hemisphere
= (3.14 × 1.5) (2 × 20 + 1.5) cm2 = (196.25 – 32.71) cm3
= (4.71 × 41.5) cm2 = 163.54 cm 3
= 195.465 cm 2
638 Concept of Arithmetic

Exercise–6

1. The volume remains same in both the cases 4. Diameter of cylinder = 16 cm

 The volume of cube
 16 
= Volume of spherical balls Radius of cylinder =    8 cm
The volume of cube = Number of balls × Volume  2 
of 1 spherical ball Height of cylinder = 2 cm
Volume of cube Volume of cylinder = r 2h   (8)2  2 cm 3
or, Number of balls =
Volume of one ball When the cylinder is melted and cast into a
circular cone, then
22  22  22 height of the cone = (3 × 2 =) 6 cm
=
4 22 Let r1 cm be the radius of cone. Then volume
  13
3 7

22  22  22  3  7
of cone =
1
3
 
 r12  h1
=
4  22  1 Volume of both must be the same
= 2541
2. The volume of metallic sphere ie (8)2  2 
1
3
 
 r12  6

 4 22 
=  
3 7
 1.5  1.5  1.5  cm3

or, 6  (8)2  r   6
1
2

or, r1 = 8 cm
 1 22  Curved surface area of the cone
The volume of wire =    .1  .1  L  cm 3
3 7 
= r1l  r1 h 2  r12
The volume will remain same in both the
cases.
= 3.14  8  36  64 = 3.14  8  100
1 22 4 22 = 3.14 × 8 × 10
   .1  .1  L =   1.5  1.5  1.5

K KUNDAN
3 7 3 7 = 251.20 cm 2
4  1.5  1.5  1.5 1 
or, L = 5. Volume of cone =     6  6  24  cm 3
.1  .1 3 
 L = 1350 cm = 13.5 m If r is the radius of the sphere, then
3. Let the total number of balls be x.
4 3
Volume of the solid sphere its volume is r
3
4 3 4
= r    33 cm3 = 36  cm3 Since, the volume of clay in the form of the
3 3 cone and the sphere remains the same, we
have
0.6
Radius of spherical ball = cm
2 4 1
   r 3     6  6  24
= 0.3 cm. 3 3
or, r3 = 3 × 3 × 24 = 33 × 23
4
Volume of a spherical ball =   (0.3)3 cm3  r = 3 × 2 = 6
3 Therefore, the radius of the sphere is 6 cm.
6. The volume of water in the overhead tank
4 3 3 3 36
=    cm3 = cm3 equals the volume of the water removed from
3 10 10 10 1000 the sump.
Now, the volume of water in overhead tank
36
 Volume of x spherical balls = x cm3 (cylinder)
1000
2
Clearly, volume of the solid sphere = Volume = r h = (3.14 × 0.6 × 0.6 × 0.95) m3
of x spherical balls. The volume of water in the sump when full
= l × b × h = (1.57 × 1.44 × 0.95) m3
36
or, 36  x The volume of water left in the sump after
1000 filling the tank
or, x = 1000 = {[(1.57×1.44×0.95) – (3.14×0.6×0.6×0.95)} m3
Hence, 1000 spherical balls are obtained by = (1.57 × 0.6 × 0.6 × 0.95 × 2) m3
melting the given solid sphere.
Mensuration II (Surface Area and Volume) 639

So, the height of the water left in the sump

 99 
=  1000  litres
Volume of water left in the sump  28 
=
l b
 99000 
 1.57  0.6  0.6  0.95  2  =   litres
=  m  28 
 1.57  1.44 
25
= 0.475 m = 45.7 cm Since, litres of water is emptied in 1
7
Capacity of tank
Also, Capacity of sump second.
 99000 
3.14  0.6  0.6  0.95 1    litres of water will be emptied in
  28 
=
1.57  1.44  0.95 2
 99000 7 
Therefore, the capacity of the tank is half the    seconds, ie in 16.5 minutes.
capacity of the sump.  28 25 

2
9. Let the height of the cone be h cm.
1 Now, according to the question, since volume
7. The volume of the rod =      8 cm 3
2 of the cone is equal to the volume of the solid
cylinder.
= 2 cm3
The length of the new wire of the same volume 1 2
 r  h  r 2  3
= 18 m = 1800 cm 3
If r is the radius (in cm) of cross-section of  h = 3 × 3 = 9 cm
the wire, 10. Volume of the cylinder = r2h = (8)2 × 2
= 128  cm3 and
its volume =   r 2  1800 cm3
1 2
Therefore,   r 2  1800  2 Volume of the cone= r  6
3

K KUNDAN
or, r2 =

or, r =
1
30
1
900

So, the diameter of the cross-section ie the

thickness of the wire is

1
15
cm ie 0.67 mm
Since, according to the question, volume of
the cone is equal to the volume of cylinder.


1 2
3
r  6  128

or, r2 = 64
or, r = 64 = 8 cm

(approx.).
3
8. Radius of the hemispherical tank = m
2
Volume of the tank
3
2 22  3   99  3
=     m3 =  m
3 7 2  14 
So the volume of the water to be emptied The slant height of cone l = 62  8 2 = 10 cm
 1 99  3  The curved surface area of the cone = rl
=   m
 2 14  = 3.14 × 8 × 10 = 251.2 cm2