Professional Documents
Culture Documents
17-2
In the
Supreme Court of the United States
Petitioner,
v.
MICROSOFT CORPORATION,
Respondent.
278197
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
ARGUMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
I. C o n g r e s s D i d N o t C o n t e mp l a t e
T h e D i f f ic u lt Q u e s t ions P o s ed B y
M odern T echnology, I nclu ding U.S.
C o mpa n i e s S t o r i n g D a t a A b r o a d ,
When It Passed the SCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
II. T h e S e c o n d C i r c u i t R e a c h e d t h e
C onclusion D ictat ed by t he SCA a s
Currently Written . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
III. E n f or c i ng T h i s Wa r r a n t I n T h e s e
Circumstances Will Have Impact Outside
the United S tates a nd is T herefore
Extraterritorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table of Contents
Page
IV. O n l y C o n g r e s s C a n D e c i d e H o w
Section 2703 Should A pply Beyond U.S.
Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
iii
Engleman v. Murray,
546 F.3d 944 (8th Cir. 2008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Magwood v. Patterson,
561 U.S. 320 (2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
iv
Cited Authorities
Page
Morrison v. National Australia Bank Ltd.,
561 U.S. 247 (2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . passim
Cited Authorities
Page
STATUTES
18 U.S.C. § 2703(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
18 U.S.C. § 2703(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITIES
Section 2(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Section 2(3)(A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Section 2(3)(C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
FOREIGN LAW
C h a r t e r of F u nd a ment a l R i ght s of t he
European Union, arts. 7-8, 2012 O.J. (C 326)
391 (Oct. 26, 2012) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
vi
Cited Authorities
Page
European Convention for the Protection of Human
Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, art. 8,
213 U.N.T.S. 222 (Nov. 4, 1950) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
OTHER AUTHORITIES
Cited Authorities
Page
Keith D. Foote, A Br ief History of Cloud
Computing, Dataversity (June 22, 2017), http://
w w w.dataversity.net/ brief-history-cloud-
computing/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
O r i n S . K e r r, T h e Ne x t G e n e r a t i o n
Communications Privacy Act, 162 U. Penn.
L. Rev. 373 (2014) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 12, 13
Yv o n n e L e e , C o m p u s e r v e , M C I Ma i l
Introduce Gateways To Internet Network,
InfoWorld (Sept. 25, 1989) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Cited Authorities
Page
Restatement (Third) of Foreign Relations
§ 321, cmt. a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT
This Court, like the Second Circuit before it, must try
to determine how the law applies to data stored overseas
notwithstanding that rules for compulsory access by the
government to such data cannot be found anywhere in
8
ARGUMENT
4. Id. at 3.
5. See Orin S. Kerr, The Next Generation Communications
Privacy Act, 162 U. Penn. L. Rev. 373, 406-407 (2014).
6. Dimitra DeFotis, India Facebook Users Surpass U.S.:
Is It Demonetization, Apple?, Barron’s (July 14, 2017), https://
www.barrons.com/articles/india-facebook-users-surpass-u-s-is-
it-apple-demonetization-1499982716.
7. See Yvonne Lee, Compuserve, MCI Mail Introduce Gate-
ways To Internet Network, InfoWorld (Sept. 25, 1989) (discussing
availability of first public gateways to the Internet).
8. Deirdre K. Mulligan, Reasonable Expectations in Elec-
tronic Communications: A Critical Perspective on the Electronic
Communications Privacy Act, 72 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 1557, 1572
(2004).
9. Id.
10. Hotmail was released in 1996, and Yahoo Mail debuted in
1997. See Teddy Wayne, A Eulogy for the Long, Intimate Email,
N.Y. Times (July 11, 2015), https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/12/
style/a-eulogy-for-the-long-intimate-email.html.
12
16 . S . 16 7 1 , 1 1 5 t h C o n g . ( 2 0 17 ) , h t t p s : // w w w.
congress.gov/ bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/1671/text.
15
https://www.facebook.com/safety/groups/law/guidelines/; https://
storage.googleapis.com/snap-inc/privacy/lawenforcement.pdf;
https://www.tumblr.com/docs/en/law_enforcement.
23
CONCLUSION
Respectfully submitted,
Catherine M.A. Carroll Marc J. Zwillinger
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Counsel of Record
Hale and Dorr LLP Jeffrey G. Landis
1875 Pennsylvania Ave. NW Zwillgen PLLC
Washington, DC 20006 1900 M Street, NW
Washington, DC 20036
Counsel for Google LLC (202) 296-3585
and Reddit, Inc. marc@zwillgen.com