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T
HIGH IMPEDANCE REF PROTCETION - PRACTICAL EXAMPLE
AF
Transformer Data:
General Arrangement
Rating = 1000 kVA
0.415 kV 1600/1 A
Ratio = 11/0.415 kV
R
%Z = 5%
FLA = 52.49 / 1391.25 A
Y
Vector Group = Dyn11
R
Current Transformer Data:
B
Ratio = 1600 / 1 A
Class = PX R
D
Rct = 7.90 ohm @ 75°C
Loop Resistance = 0.27 ohm @ 75°C
N
Makesh Kandan.P
EARTH FAULT – DETECTION METHOD
T
HIGH IMP. REF PROT. - PRACTICAL EXAMPLE
AF
External Fault Condition (No CT Saturation)
0.415 kV 1600/1 A
T
HIGH IMP. REF PROT. - PRACTICAL EXAMPLE
AF
External Fault Condition (CT Saturation)
0.415 kV 1600/1 A Idiff = 17.39 A ; Relay Operated,
R
I=0 Need to add Stabilizing Resistor to avoid misoperation
Y Stability Limit Checking :
Vs = If (Rct + 2RL) / CT Ratio
R B
Vs = 142 V
Stabilizing Resistor:
Resistance of Relay Circuit, R0 = Vs / Id
R = 2368 Ω (Id = 0.06A)
D
Resistance of Relay, Rr = VA / Id2
= 27.8 Ω
N Stabilizing Resistor, Rst = R0 –Rr
= 2340 Ω Makesh Kandan.P
EARTH FAULT – DETECTION METHOD
T
HIGH IMP. REF PROT. - PRACTICAL EXAMPLE
AF
External Fault Condition (CT Saturation – Stabilizing Resistor Added)
0.415 kV 1600/1 A
Y
R B
R
D
Relay Not Operated
N
Makesh Kandan.P
EARTH FAULT – DETECTION METHOD
T
HIGH IMP. REF PROT. - PRACTICAL EXAMPLE
AF
Internal Fault Condition – Relay Operation
0.415 kV 1600/1 A
R Operation Theory:
Where,
nx = No.of CT’s in Parallel
R
Ix = Magnetising Current @ Set Voltage (0.0142A)
B
Id > Set Current of 96A, Hence Relay Operated