Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY
Research Design
In this study, the researchers will use descriptive and developmental design
of research.
According to Kowalczyk (2014), descriptive research designs help provide
answers to the questions of who, what, when, where, and how associated with a
particular research problem. The researchers will use descriptive research
design to test the validity of the product in terms of technical performance,
usability, attainability, and functionality.
On the other hand, developmental research design as defined by Calmorin
(2013), is a decision-oriented research involving the application of the steps of
scientific method in response to an immediate need to improve existing
practices. This process involves practitioners who study certain problem in vivo
and from such experience draw their decisions and development as well as
evaluation. The researchers will follow the scientific method in order to improve
existing practices during fire hazard i.e. the presence of emergency evacuation
plans and exit signages for safe evacuations. These include the design,
development and evaluation. Persons who are in line with electrical engineering,
electronics, and safety management will evaluate the said study thus,
developmental research design will be used.
Materials and Procedure

Materials. The equipment or materials needed for the DC Powered

Emergency Pathfinder are Smoke Sensors, Thermal Sensor, Aluminum plate,
connecting wires.
Table 1 shows the materials including the unit cost and total cost
amounting to #####. The materials were purchased from the local market.

Table 1. Materials and Cost

Quantity Unit Description Unit Cost Total Cost
1 Piece Arduino ₱650.00 ₱650.00
2 Pieces MQ-2 Smoke Sensor 419.00
2 Pieces LM358 Op Amp 100 100
2 10k-Ohm Resistor
2 Pieces 330-Ohm Resistor
2 Pieces 10micro Farad Capacitor
2 Piece 10k-Ohm Potentiometer
2 Piece LM35 Temperature Sensor
3 Meters #22 Gauge Wire
20 Pieces Light Emitting Diode
2 Pieces Buzzer
2 Pieces Rechargeable battery

Tools and Equipment. Table 2 shows the tools and equipment used in the
construction and development of the DC Powered Emergency Pathfinder.

Table 2. Tools and Equipment Used

Tools and Equipment Function
Breadboard Construction base for building electronic
circuit
Digital Multimeter Measures resistance, current, and voltage of
electrical components
Screwdriver A hand tool for turning a screw
Soldering Iron Joins two components by melting solder
Laptop with Arduino Software Programs the Arduino board for command
 Procedure. The researcher gather ideas and information in books and
reliable sites for the development of Emergency Pathfinder. The concepts and
principles that researcher read apply to the development of DC Powered
Emergency Pathfinder.
After gathering ideas, the researcher assembled the materials to make the
DC Powered Emergency Pathfinder. The researcher directly fixed all the
mistakes in the design and in the program. Hence, constant reworking and
checking until the design was perfect.
In evaluating the Emergency Pathfinder, technical experts, the help of
Adviser and the beneficiaries of the device were consulted and served as a
respondents. Level of attainability, level of functionality in terms of precision of
design, efficiency and safety of operation and level of acceptability in terms of
cost, design and case of operation inquire from the respondents using the
Evaluation Instrument to assess the Level of Technical Performance,
Attainability, Functionality and Acceptability of the Emergency Pathfinder.

Analysis of Data
In this study, there were five (5) expert evaluators, and respondents as end
user. The expert evaluators composed of. The answers of the respondents were
collected and tabulated to satisfy the objectives on the level of attainability,
functionality, and acceptability. Weighted means was the primary statistical
tool used.

Table 3. Distribution of Respondents

Respondents Frequency Percentage
Students
Experts Evaluators
Total

Categorization of Data. To describe the mean ratings, the following scale with
their corresponding descriptive values were adopted.

Points value Rating scale Descriptive Equivalent

1 4-5 Excellent
2 3-4 Good
 3 2-3 Moderate
4 1-2 Low
5 0-1 Negligible

Level of Technical Performance

Points value Rating scale Descriptive Equivalent

1 4-5 Very Highly Agree
2 3-4 Highly Agree
3 2-3 Agree
4 1-2 Highly Disagree
5 0-1 Very Highly Disagree

Level of Attainability

Points value Rating scale Descriptive Equivalent

1 4-5 Excellent
2 3-4 Good
3 2-3 Moderate
4 1-2 Low
5 0-1 Negligible

Level of Functionality

Points value Rating scale Descriptive Equivalent

1 4-5
2 3-4
3 2-3
4 1-2
5 0-1
Very highly Functional
Highly Functional
Moderate Functional
Slightly Functional
Not Functional

Level of Acceptability

Points value Rating scale Descriptive Equivalent

1 4-5 Very highly Acceptable
2 3-4 Highly Acceptable
3 2-3 Moderate Acceptable
4 1-2 Slightly Acceptable
5 0-1 Not Acceptable