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7. 0. n., oU. 84
8. 0. n., o.:A. 86
9. Weber Max, The Theory ofSocial and Economic Organization, The Free Press, New York, 1964, oEA.
338
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EIEArOrH 21

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34 flPOTO MEPOE

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19. Map!; K., ToKep6Amo, <.I, l:uYJCPovn Enoxi1, A8r\va, 1978, oe1. 613.
20. Loutl~u TiwA, «Meni -wv KamtaAtall6 - T1;)), om: 6.rr., aU. 311.
21. O.n., oe1. 311-312.
56 DPOTOMEPOE

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22. Mandel E., Power and Money. A Marxist Theory of Bureaucracy, EK6. Verso, London-New York,
1992, OeA. J.
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17. Djilas Milovan, The New Class, Praeger, New York, 1962, ode 59.
18. O.n., oEA. 60.
19. 0.n., OEA. 61.
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23 Mfxcl.c; P., KoJVWVJo.Aoyfa rcuv rroAlrrKWv KOjlpcirwv am ati)'Xpovn SnpoKpmfa, £K0. fvWon, A8Uva,
1997, oeA. 504.
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24. Djilas Milovan, 6.n., OEA. 35.


25. O.n., OEA. 46, 66.
26. BA. 6.n., oel.. 39-40.
27. O.n., oEA. 39.
28. O.n., oEA. 44.
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29. BooAtvaKu M., NopevKAaro6pa, EKO. Loptrmmyw Pooofyw- M.TI. 0KLH:iprrp, M6oxa, 1991, oeA.
8, 7.
30. 'O.n., m:A. 149.
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32. BooMvoKu Mtxa.M, H NopcvKAaroUpa. Ot npovo~uoUxor 1:ns Lo~u:ntals 'Evwon<;, eKO. «NEOEtcOo-
nKn» EITE, A8nva, 1981, od, 53.
33. 'O.n, oEA. 72.
34, 'O.n., OEA. 73,
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8EDPIEE fiA THN KOINONIKH <I>YLH TOY l:OBIETIKOY KAeEHOTOI: 71

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nJ.avuhw, EKO. Inixu, A8nvo, 1992, OEA. 54, 98, 103-107, 195. Tov 6po «Kpmuc6s aomoluor6s» xrn-
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1. Atvtv B. I., ((To np6ypalJ.pa lOU PwmKoU KopllOUVIOLIKOU K6f.IP-UW<; (rwv p.noAoe:~{Kwv))), mo: AEvrv
B. 1., J\rravra, T. 38, LUYJCPOVn Enoxn, A86va, 1988, oEA. 442.
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45. flU m:pwo6repec; AemoptpeiE<; mf LOU 8tp.moc;, pAEm:: PoUons r., 0 AtvJV yw m ypapE101CpaTfa,
L6yxpovn Enoxn, A8nva, 1985, oEA. 123-181.
112 LlEYTEPO MEPOl:

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46. ((Efvru atn:ov6m:o Kill UpEOa rrpocpav6; -emon];Iafvet o fK. AoUKatS -... On ... tva Klvnpa eKOnp.oKpa-
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Tfa, eKO. Kprmffi, AStlva, 1987, aEA. 172.
0! ANTI<l>AJ:Eil: THl: LOl:IA!\Il:TIKHl:, KOINONJAJ: LTHN El:Lll 113

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47. B1. Mandel E., Power and Money. A Marxist Theory of Bureaucracy, EKO. Verso, London-New York,
1992, oEA. 195.
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1. BaSwU1Iv B. A., <dm:opfa Kat KOlJJlOUV101:tK6 tOavrK6», LlmAnarK.ri, -cEUxos 2, Mcim;- IoUvns 1990,
oEA. 62.
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No€Jl~pns -LioK€)l~pns 1990, oEA. 57.
3. D.n.
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14. Maps K., BaaJKts ypappts ms KpmKris ms lloA.mms 0JKovopfas. T. B'' 6.rr., au. 542.
142 LIEYTEPO MEPOL

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15. Maps K., To Ktcp6J.a10, '· 3, l:uYXPovn Enoxr\, A8r\va, 1978, otA. 135. BA. Kai Marx, Engels,
Werke, Band 25, Dietz Verlag, Berlin, 1984, oEA. 113-114.
16. Maps K., Baauds ypappis ms Kplwms ms noJ.mKJls Ou~ovopias, T. B', 6.n., otA. 538.
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Arpiaa wv 1920
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