You are on page 1of 37

DECLERATION

“Thereby declare that this report is the result of my own work except for quotation
and summaries which have been duly acknowledge”

NUR AININA BINTI NAZMI NURUL ADZWIN BINTI NOORDIN


2014456536 2014420954

SITI SOLEHAH BINTI OMAR MUHAMMAD NOR ASYRAF BIN


2015834112 MUHAMAD
2015636532

DENNIS RODY ANAK HO KOK


SUNTING@SUNTING
2015694896

i
SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATION

“Thereby declare that I have read this thesis and in my own opinion this project
report is sufficient in terms of scope and quality for the award of the Bachelor in
Chemical Engineering (Hons).”

Signature : ………………………………….
Name : Siti Fatimah Abdul Halim
Date : ………………………………….

ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE
DECLERATION i
SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATION ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii

MASS BALANCE 1
5.1 Introduction 1
5.2 Assumptions of Calculation 1
5.3 Basis of calculation 2
5.4 Manual Calculation of Equipment 3
5.4.1 Mixer 1 (M-701) 3
5.4.2 Mixer 2 (M-702) 4
5.4.3 Packed Bed Reactor (R-701) 5
5.4.4 Flash 1 (V-701) 7
5.4.5 Flash 2 (V-702) 9
5.4.6 Mixer 3 (M-703) 12
5.4.7 Distillation Column 1 (T-701) 13
5.4.8 Distillation Column 2 (T-702) 16
5.4.9 Distillation Column 3 (T-703) 19
5.4.10 Splitter (S-701) 21
5.4.11 Scrubber (SEP-701) 23
5.5 Overall Mass Balance 25
5.6 Comparison between Manual Calculation and Simulation from
Aspen Plus 27
CONCLUSION 28
LIST OF REFERENCES 28
APPENDICES 29

iii
LIST OF TABLES

PAGE
Table 5.3.1 List of component at feed stream with their mole flowrate ........................2
Table 5.4.1 Stream table for Mixer 1 ...........................................................................3
Table 5.4.2 Stream table for Mixer 1 ...........................................................................4
Table 5.4.3 Stream table for Packed Bed Reactor (R-701) .........................................6
Table 5.4.4 Partial pressure of components (Aspen) with vapor fraction at top stream
of the flash vessel...........................................................................8
Table 5.4.5 Stream table for Flash vessel 1 (F-701) ...................................................9
Table 5.4.6 Partial pressure of components with vapor fraction at top stream of the
flash vessel. .................................................................................11
Table 5.4.7 Stream table for Flash vessel 1 (F-701) .................................................11
Table 5.4.8 Split fraction of each component at top stream and bottom stream ........15
Table 5.4.9 Stream table for Distillation Column 1 (T-701)........................................15
Table 5.4.10 Split fraction of each component at top stream and bottom stream ......18
Table 5.4.11 Stream table for Distillation Column 2 (T-702)......................................18
Table 5.4.12 Split fraction of each component at top stream and bottom stream ......20
Table 5.4.13 Stream table for Distillation Column 3 (T-703)......................................20
Table 5.4.14 Stream table for splitter (S-701) ...........................................................22
Table 5.4.15 Schematic diagram of scrubber (SEP-701) ..........................................23
Table 5.4.16 Stream result of scrubber (SEP-701) ...................................................24
Table 5.5.1 Stream table for the overall mass balance .............................................26
Table 5.6.1 Comparison between manual calculation and Aspen simulation ............27

iv
LIST OF FIGURES

PAGE
Figure 5.4.1 Schematic diagram of Mixer 1 (M-701) ...................................................3
Figure 5.4.2 Schematic diagram for Mixer 2 (M-702) ..................................................4
Figure 5.4.3 Schematic diagram for Packed Bed Reactor (R-701) ..............................5
Figure 5.4.4 Schematic diagram for Flash 1 (V-701) ...................................................7
Figure 5.4.5 Schematic diagram for Flash 2 (V-702) .................................................10
Figure 5.4.6 Schematic diagram for Mixer 3 (M-703) ................................................12
Figure 5.4.7 Schematic diagram of Distillation Column 1 (T-701) .............................14
Figure 5.4.8 Schematic diagram of Distillation Column 2 (T-702) .............................17
Figure 5.4.9 Schematic diagram of Distillation Column 2 (T-702) .............................19
Figure 5.4.10 Schematic diagram of splitter (S-701) .................................................21

v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CO2 Carbon Dioxide

DOF Degree of freedom

MEA Monoethanolamine

MA Maleic Anhydride

PA Phthalic Anhydride

vi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This project is to design a production of phthalic anhydride (PA) using o-xylene


and the treatment plant for pollutant that will be removing from the production process
which is carbon dioxide (CO2). The process selection is heavily influenced by general
cost, product yield, manufacturability and sustainability, by-product produced,
environmental impact and lastly, safety. In comparison to the other five process
production, catalytic vapor-phase oxidation of o-Xylene has been selected based on
scoring techniques. Because of its high process yield, it is chosen as the most effective
process with high profitability at a low manufacturing cost. The major concern of the
project is to reduce and treat the pollutant product from the production of phthalic
anhydride process and at the same to achieve the requirement by Malaysia
Department of Environment (DOE) in Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Clean Air).
Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) are an integration
tool that can help identify, assess or measure and to control hazard and risk of any
workplace and its activities. It is important to know the hazard of chemicals used in this
process in order to eliminate, reduce or control the possibility for any accidents to occur.
Then, the other objective of this project is to produce the phthalic anhydride to fulfil the
public need as raw material to produce their product. Phthalic Anhydride is one of
importance material that used as raw material in manufacture of phthalate plasticizers,
the main product being dioctyl phthalate (DOP) which is used as a plasticizer in
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) industry. The other objective of this design project is to
produce 100, 000 tonnes per annum of phthalic anhydride to meet the increasing
market demand, thus being in line with another phthalic anhydride producer in Malaysia
and Asia. The site location for this production is the Gebeng Industrial Park, Pahang
which is selected due to consideration of several factors. The factors include the
strategic location, land price, facilities, transportation and environmental aspects. In
designing the production plant, environmental and safety is highly priority
consideration. Malaysia rules and regulations are taken into account in designing the
process and the whole plant. In this production of phthalic anhydride, the proposed
plant uses continuous process that the inputs and outputs flow continuously throughout
the process. From mass balance study, the production of PA from o-xylene and oxygen
at the end of process is lower than the value of basis calculation production which is
81.77 kmol/hr while the calculated production is 78.98 kmol/hr. This show that the
process is achieved the objective although there is slightly error of 3.41% and the purity
of PA is 99.05%.Since the mole flowrate inlet is 2104.20 kmol/hr which is approximately
to the mole flowrate outlet (2234.898 kmol/hr), with percentage error of 6.21%,
therefore, it is proof that the mass balance at overall plant is balance. Carbon dioxide
also had been removed up to 90% by scrubbing process using MEA as a solvent.

vii
CHAPTER 5

MASS BALANCE

1.1 Introduction

Mass balance is used in mass conservation to analyze the physical system by


doing a calculation of material entering and leaving the system. A material balance
taken over complete process will determine the quantities of raw materials
required and products produced. Balances over Individual process until set the
process stream flows and compositions. The general equation of mass balance is
shown below.
Input + generation – output – consumption = accumulation

For a steady state process the accumulation term is zero. If a chemical reaction
is taking place a particular chemical species may be formed or consumed. But if
there is no chemical reaction, the steady state balance reduces to:

Input = output
1.2 Assumptions of Calculation

Assumptions on mass balance for the production of phthalic anhydride are:

 Plant will be operated for 344 days per year with 21 days being shut down
for the maintenance purposes.
 The target production is 100000 tonnes per annual of PA.
 The plant will be operated for 24 hours per day.
 No defect and leakage of the system that can affect the amount of
production.
 The process will run at steady state condition.
 Catalyst will not involve in the calculations of mass balance.
 The target purity of the PA is 99.9%.
 All calculations is assume to be done without recycle system.

1
1.3 Basis of calculation

The plant is estimated to produce 100000 tonnes of PA per year and the basis
calculation is done as follow:
Total operating hour
24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
344 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 × = 8256 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
1 𝑑𝑎𝑦
The minimum production of PA:

100000 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑠 1000𝑘𝑔 1 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙


× × × × = 81.77𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ𝑟
𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 1 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒 344 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 148.12 𝑘𝑔

From the calculation, it shows that the plant need to produce 81.77 kmol/hr in
order to achieve the objective of production of 100000 tonnes of PA per year. Basis
for feed stream is 100 kmol/hr of o-xylene with excess air 1964.20 kmol/hr.

Table 1.3.1 List of components at feed stream with their mole flowrate

Component at feed stream Mole flowrate (kmol/hr)

O-xylene 100

Oxygen 412.48

nitrogen 1551.72

2
1.4 Manual Calculation of Equipment

1.4.1 Mixer 1 (M-701)

n(o-xylene) = 100 kmol/hr

n1 (o-xylene)
n2 (oxygen)
n3 (nitrogen)

n(oxygen) = 412.48 kmol/hr


n(nitrogen) = 1551.72 kmol/hr

Figure 1.4.1 Schematic diagram of Mixer 1 (M-701)

DOF analysis:
3 unknowns
- 3 species balance
0

Table 1.4.1 Stream table for Mixer 1

Component Mole flowrate in (kmol/hr) Mole flowrate out


(kmol/hr)
Stream 3 Stream 5 Stream 6
O-xylene 100 0 100
Oxygen 0 412.48 412.48
Nitrogen 0 1551.72 1551.72
TOTAL 100 1964.20 2064.20

Since the mixer is not reactive system, the components enter the system will be equal
to components exit the system.

3
1.4.2 Mixer 2 (M-702)

n(o-xylene) = X (recycle)
31

n (o-xylene) = 100 kmol/hr


n (oxygen) = 412.48 kmol/hr
n (nitrogen) = 1551.72 kmol/hr
n1 (o-xylene) = 100 kmol/hr
n2 (oxygen) = 412.48 kmol/hr
n3 (nitrogen) = 1551.72 kmol/hr

Figure 1.4.2 Schematic diagram for Mixer 2 (M-702)

DOF analysis:
3 unknowns
- 3 species balances
0

Table 1.4.2 Stream table for Mixer 1

Component Mole flowrate in (kmol/hr) Mole flowrate out


(kmol/hr)
Stream 7 Stream 31 Stream 8
O-xylene 100 X 100
Oxygen 412.48 0 412.48
Nitrogen 1551.72 0 1551.72
TOTAL 2064.20 0 2064.20

Since the mixer is not reactive system, the components enter the system will be
equal to components exit the system. Stream 31 is the recycle stream and the value
is neglected in this calculation.

4
1.4.3 Packed Bed Reactor (R-701)

The reactor is operated at temperature 380 ℃ and pressure 2.2 atm.


The reaction in the reactor will take place based on the equations below:

𝐶6 𝐻4 (𝐶𝐻3 )2 + 3𝑂2 → 𝐶6 𝐻4 (𝐶𝑂)2 𝑂 + 3𝐻2 𝑂 (desired reaction)


O-xylene PA
𝐶6 𝐻4 (𝐶𝐻3 )2 + 7.5𝑂2 → 𝐶2 𝐻2 (𝐶𝑂)2 𝑂 + 4𝐶𝑂2 + 3𝐻2 𝑂 (undesired reaction)
O-xylene MA

Assumptions:

i. The limiting reactant is o-xylene while the excess reactant is oxygen.


ii. The conversion of o-xylene to produce PA is 79% [1] while for MA production
is 11% [2]
iii. The catalysis not involve in calculations.

n (o-xylene) = 100 kmol/hr


n (oxygen) = 412.48 kmol/hr
n (nitrogen) = 1551.72 kmol/hr

n1 (o-xylene)
n2 (oxygen)
n3 (PA)
n4 (MA)
n5 (carbon dioxide)
n6 (water)
n7 (nitrogen)

Figure 1.4.3 Schematic diagram for Packed Bed Reactor (R-701)

5
DOF analysis:
7 unknowns
+ 2 extent of reactions
- 7 species balance
- 2 conversion information
0

Equation balance based on extent of reaction:

O-xylene: n1 = 100 - 𝜀 1 – 𝜀 2
Oxygen: n2 = 412.48 - 3𝜀 1 – 7.5𝜀 1
PA: n3 = 𝜀 1
MA: n4 = 𝜀 2
Carbon dioxide: n5 = 4𝜀2
Water: n6 = 3𝜀 1 + 4𝜀 2
Nitrogen: n7 = 1551.72

Sample calculation:
n3 = 𝜀 1 n4 = 𝜀 2
= 0.79 × 100 = 0.11 × 100
= 79 kmol/hr = 11 kmol/hr

Table 1.4.3 Stream table for Packed Bed Reactor (R-701)

Component Mole flowrate in Mole flowrate out


(kmol/hr) (kmol/hr)
Stream 8 Stream 9
O-xylene 100 10
Oxygen 412.48 92.98
PA 0 79
MA 0 11
Carbon dioxide 0 44
Water 0 281
Nitrogen 1551.72 1551.72
TOTAL 2064.20 2069.70

6
1.4.4 Flash 1 (V-701)

The flash vessel operated at temperature 50 ℃ and 1 atm.


Assumptions:
i. The separation process is in steady state condition.
ii. There is no reaction occur in the vessel.
iii. The mixture is proceed in equilibrium state.
n1,13 (o-xylene)
n2,13 (oxygen)
n3,13 (PA)
n4,13 (MA)
n5,13(carbon dioxide)
n6,13 (water)
n7,13 (nitrogen)

n(o-xylene) = 10 kmol/hr
n(oxygen) = 92.98 kmol/hr 14
n(PA) = 79 kmol/hr
n(MA) = 11 kmol/hr n1,14 (o-xylene)

n(carbon dioxide) = 44 kmol/hr n2,14 (oxygen)

n(water) = 281 kmol/hr n3,14 (PA)

n(nitrogen) = 1551.72 kmol/hr n4,14 (MA)


n5,14 (carbon dioxide)
n6,14 (water)
n7,14 (nitrogen)

Figure 1.4.4 Schematic diagram for Flash 1 (V-701)

DOF analysis:
14 unknowns
- 7 species balance
- 7 partial pressure information
0

7
Since there is present of mixture vapor and liquid, the Dalton’s law theory will
be applied. The purpose is to determine the vapor and liquid fraction in the outlet
streams. The Dalton’s law equation is described as follow [3]:
𝑃𝐴 = 𝑦𝐴 𝑃
Where;
𝑃𝐴 = the partial pressure of species A in the gas phase
𝑃𝐴 = mole fraction of A in the gas phase
𝑃 = the total pressure of the system

From Aspen Plus simulation, the vapor fraction of mixture of the component is
0.87905 and the liquid fraction of mixture of the component is 0.12095. The partial
pressure of each component at 50 ℃ also can be obtained from Aspen Plus
simulation. From the vapor and liquid fraction obtained, the mole flowrate at each
stream can be determined,

Total mole flowrate at top, V (Stream 13) = 0.87905 × 2069.70 = 1819.37 kmol/hr
Total mole flowrate at bottom, L (Stream 14) = 0.12095 × 2069.70 = 250.33 kmol/hr

Table 1.4.4 Partial pressure of components (Aspen) with vapor fraction at top
stream of the flash vessel

Component Partial pressure , 𝑷𝑨 Vapor


(atm) fraction, 𝒚𝑨
O-xylene 8.718891E-4 8.607E-4
Oxygen 0.049819 0.049
PA 2.500084E-4 2.468E-5
MA 1.026169E-4 1.013E-4
Carbon dioxide 0.022985 0.023
Water 0.075236 0.074
Nitrogen 0.863947 0.853

𝑃𝐴 = 𝑦𝐴 𝑃
Sample calculation:
𝑃𝐴(𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛) 0.049819
𝑦𝐴(𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛) = = = 0.049
𝑃 1.013

8
Table 1.4.5 Stream table for Flash vessel 1 (F-701)

Component Mole flowrate in (kmol/hr) Mole flowrate out (kmol/hr)


Stream 12 Stream 13 Stream 14
O-xylene 10 1.57 8.43
Oxygen 92.98 89.15 3.83
PA 79 0.04 78.94
MA 11 0.18 10.82
Carbon dioxide 44 41.85 2.15
Water 281 135.12 145.88
Nitrogen 1551.72 1551.67 0.05
TOTAL 2069.70 1819.58 250.10

Sample calculation:
n3,13 (PA) = yA(PA) × V = 2.468E − 5 × 1819.37 = 0.04 kmol/hr
As total mole flowrate, n = V + L
n3,14 (PA) = n(PA) − V = 79 − 0.04 = 78.94 kmol/hr

1.4.5 Flash 2 (V-702)

The flash vessel operated at temperature 15 ℃ and 1 atm.

Assumptions:
i. The separation process is in steady state condition.
ii. There is no reaction occur in the vessel.
iii. The mixture is proceed in equilibrium state.

9
n1,26 (o-xylene)
n2,26 (oxygen)
n3,26 (PA)
n4,26 (MA)
n5,26(carbon dioxide)
n6,26 (water)
n7,26 (nitrogen)

n(o-xylene) = 1.57 kmol/hr


n(oxygen) = 89.15 kmol/hr
16
n(PA) = 0.04 kmol/hr n1,16 (o-xylene)
n(MA) = 0.18 kmol/hr n2,16 (oxygen)
n(carbon dioxide) = 41.85 kmol/hr n3,16 (PA)
n(water) = 135.12 kmol/hr n4,16 (MA)
n(nitrogen) = 1551.67 kmol/hr n5,16 (carbon dioxide)
n6,16 (water)
n7,16 (nitrogen)

Figure 1.4.5 Schematic diagram for Flash 2 (V-702)

DOF analysis:
14 unknowns
- 7 species balance
- 7 partial pressure information
0

From Aspen Plus simulation, the vapor fraction of mixture of the component is
0.93938 and the liquid fraction of mixture of the component is 0.06062. The partial
pressure of each component at 15 ℃ also can be obtained in Aspen Plus simulation.
From the vapor and liquid fraction obtained, the mole flowrate at each stream can be
determined,
Total mole flowrate at top, V (Stream 26) = 0.93938 × 1819.58 = 1709.28 kmol/hr
Total mole flowrate at bottom, L (Stream 16) = 0.06062 × 1819.37 = 110.30 kmol/hr

10
Table 1.4.6 Partial pressure of components with vapor fraction at top stream of the
flash vessel.

Component Partial pressure Vapor fraction


(atm)
O-xylene 6.643254E-5 6.558E-5
Oxygen 0.053020 0.052
PA 1.914752E-9 1.890E-9
MA 4.108128E-7 4.055E-7
Carbon dioxide 0.023699 0.023
Water 0.016667 0.016
Nitrogen 0.919544 0.908

𝑃𝐴 = 𝑦𝐴 𝑃
Sample calculation:
𝑃𝐴(𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛) 0.053020
𝑦𝐴(𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛) = = = 0.052
𝑃 1.013

Table 1.4.7 Stream table for Flash vessel 1 (F-701)

Component Mole flowrate in (kmol/hr) Mole flowrate out (kmol/hr)


Stream 15 Stream 26 Stream 16
O-xylene 1.57 0.11 1.46
Oxygen 89.15 88.88 0.27
PA 0.04 3.23E-6 0.04
MA 0.18 6.93E-4 0.18
Carbon dioxide 41.85 39.31 2.54
Water 135.12 27.35 107.77
Nitrogen 1551.67 1551.59 0.08
TOTAL 1819.58 1707.24 112.34

Sample calculation:
n6,26 (water) = yA(water) × V = 0.016 × 1709.28 = 27.35 kmol/hr
As total mole flowrate, n = V + L
n3,14 (water) = n(water) − V = 135.12 − 27.35 = 107.77 kmol/hr

11
1.4.6 Mixer 3 (M-703)

n1,16 (o-xylene) = 1.46 kmol/hr


n2,16 (oxygen) = 0.27 kmol/hr
n3,16 (PA) = 0.04 kmol/hr
n4,16 (MA) = 0.18 kmol/hr
n6,16 (water) = 107.77 kmol/hr
n7,16 (nitrogen) = 0.08 kmol/hr

n1,17 (o-xylene)
n1,14 (o-xylene) = 8.43kmol/hr n2,17 (oxygen)
n2,14 (oxygen) = 3.83 kmol/hr n3,17 (PA)
n3,14 (PA) = 78.94 kmol/hr n4,17 (MA)
n4,14 (MA) = 10.82 kmol/hr n5,17 (carbon dioxide)
n5,14 (carbon dioxide) = 2.15 kmol/hr n6,17 (water)
n6,14 (water) = 145.88 kmol/hr n7,17 (nitrogen)
n7,14 (nitrogen) = 0.05 kmol/hr

Figure 1.4.6 Schematic diagram for Mixer 3 (M-703)

DOF analysis:
7 unknowns
- 7 species balance
0

12
Table 1.4.6 Stream table for Mixer 3

Component Mole flowrate in (kmol/hr) Mole flowrate


out (kmol/hr)
Stream 14 Stream 16 Stream 17
O-xylene 8.43 1.46 9.89
Oxygen 3.83 0.27 4.10
PA 78.94 0.04 78.98
MA 10.82 0.18 11.00
Carbon dioxide 2.15 2.54 4.69
Water 145.88 107.77 253.65
Nitrogen 0.05 0.08 0.13
TOTAL 250.10 112.34 362.44

Since the mixer is not reactive system, the components enter the system will be equal
to components exit the system.

Sample calculation:
input = otput
n3,14 (PA) + n3,16 (PA) = n3,17 (PA)
78.94 + 0.04 = 78.98 kmol/hr

1.4.7 Distillation Column 1 (T-701)

Assumptions:
i. The system operated in steady state condition.
ii. There is no reaction occur in the system.
iii. No heat was being generated during the process.
iv. The purity of PA is 99.9% as a bottom product.
v. 100% of o-xylene, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen are separated
to top stream.

13
n1,19 (o-xylene) = 9.89 kmol/hr n1,21 (o-xylene)
n2,19 (oxygen) = 4.10 kmol/hr n2,21 (oxygen)
n3,19 (PA) = 78.98 kmol/hr n3,21 (PA)
n4,19 (MA) = 11.00 kmol/hr n4,21 (MA)
n5,19 (carbon dioxide) = 4.69 n5,21 (carbon dioxide)
kmol/hr n6,21 (water)
n6,19 (water) = 253.65 kmol/hr n7,21 (nitrogen)
n7,19 (nitrogen) = 0.13 kmol/hr

20

n1,20 (o-xylene)
n2,20 (oxygen)
n3,20 (PA)
n4,20 (MA)
n5,20 (carbon dioxide)
n6,20 (water)
n7,20 (nitrogen)

Figure 1.4.7 Schematic diagram of Distillation Column 1 (T-701)

DOF analysis:
14 unknowns
- 7 species balance
- 7 split fraction information
0

14
From Aspen simulation, the spilt fraction at both streams are listed in table below:

Table 1.4.8 Split fraction of each component at top stream and bottom stream

Component Split Fraction


Stream 21 Stream 20
O-xylene 1 2.93E-7
Oxygen 1 0
PA 1.33E-7 1
MA 0.931019 0.068981
Carbon dioxide 1 8.67E-14
Water 1 0
Nitrogen 1 0

Table 1.4.9 Stream table for Distillation Column 1 (T-701)

Component Mole flowrate in Mole flowrate out (kmol/hr)


(kmol/hr)
Stream 19 Stream 21 Stream 20
O-xylene 9.89 9.89 0
Oxygen 4.10 4.10 0
PA 78.98 1.05E-5 78.9799895
MA 11.00 10.24 0.76
Carbon dioxide 4.69 4.69 0
Water 253.65 253.65 0
Nitrogen 0.13 0.13 0
TOTAL 362.44 282.70 79.74

Sample calculation:
n4,21 (MA) = split fraction × n4,19
= 0.931019 × 11.00 kmol/hr
= 10.24 kmol/hr
n4,20 (MA) = n4,19 (MA) − n4,21 (MA)
= 11.00 − 10.24 = 0.76 kmol/hr

15
Composition at bottom stream:
78.9799895
𝑃𝐴 = = 0.9904
79.74
0.76
𝑀𝐴 = = 0.0095
79.74

From the composition above, it show that the purity of PA is 99.05% which is close to
99.9%. and it can be conclude that the objective is achieved.

The mole flowrate of PA from the manual calculation is 78.98 kmol/hr and the
expected mole flowrate is 81.77 kmol/hr in order to produce 100000 tonnes per annual
of PA. The error of calculation is shown below:

𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦 − 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = × 100
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦

81.77 − 78.98
= × 100 = 3.4%
81.77

1.4.8 Distillation Column 2 (T-702)

Assumptions:
i. The system operated in steady state condition.
ii. There is no reaction occur in the system.
iii. No heat was being generated during the process.
iv. The purity of MA is 90% as a bottom product.
v. 100% of oxygen, water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen are separated to top
stream.

16
n1,23 (o-xylene)
n1,21 (o-xylene) = 9.89 kmol/hr n2,23 (oxygen)
n2,21 (oxygen) = 4.10 kmol/hr n3,23 (PA)
n3,21 (PA) = 1.05E-5 kmol/hr n4,23 (MA)
n4,21 (MA) = 10.24 kmol/hr n5,23 (carbon dioxide)
n5,21 (carbon dioxide) = 4.69 kmol/hr n6,23 (water)
n6,21 (water) = 253.65 kmol/hr n7,23 (nitrogen)
n7,21 (nitrogen) = 0.13 kmol/hr

22

n1,22 (o-xylene)
n2,22 (oxygen)
n3,22 (PA)
n4,22 (MA)
n5,22 (carbon dioxide)
n6,22 (water)
n7,22 (nitrogen)

Figure 1.4.8 Schematic diagram of Distillation Column 2 (T-702)

DOF analysis:
14 unknowns
- 7 species balance
- 7 split fraction information
0

17
From Aspen simulation, the spilt fraction at both streams are listed in table below:

Table 1.4.10 Split fraction of each component at top stream and bottom stream

Component Split Fraction


Stream 23 Stream 22
O-xylene 0.865782 0.134218
Oxygen 1 0
PA 7.45E-6 0.999993
MA 0.031107 0.968893
Carbon dioxide 1 7.88E-9
Water 1 0
Nitrogen 1 0

Table 1.4.11 Stream table for Distillation Column 2 (T-702)

Component Mole flowrate in Mole flowrate out (kmol/hr)


(kmol/hr)
Stream 21 Stream 23 Stream 22
O-xylene 9.89 8.56 1.33
Oxygen 4.10 4.10 0
PA 1.05E-5 1.12E-12 1.05E-5
MA 10.24 0.32 9.92
Carbon dioxide 4.69 4.69 0
Water 253.65 253.65 0
Nitrogen 0.13 0.13 0
TOTAL 282.70 271.45 11.25

Sample calculation:
n4,23 (MA) = split fraction × n4,23
= 0.031107 × 110.24 kmol/hr
= 0.32 kmol/hr
n4,22 (MA) = n4,21 (MA) − n4,23 (MA)
= 10.24 − 0.32 = 9.92kmol/hr

18
Composition at bottom stream:
9.92
MA = = 0.8818
11.25
1.33
O − xylene = = 0.1182
11.25

From the composition above, it show that the purity of MA is 88.18% which is close to
90%.

1.4.9 Distillation Column 3 (T-703)

Assumptions:
i. The system operated in steady state condition.
ii. There is no reaction occur in the system.
iii. No heat was being generated during the process.
iv. The purity of o-xylene is 99.9% as a bottom product.
v. 100% of oxygen, water,carbon dioxide and nitrogen are separated to top
stream.
n1,23 (o-xylene) n5,23 (carbon dioxide)
n2,23 (oxygen) n6,23 (water)
n3,23 (PA) n7,23 (nitrogen)
n4,23 (MA)

n1,23 (o-xylene)
n1,23 (o-xylene) = 8.56 kmol/hr n2,23 (oxygen)
n2,23 (oxygen) = 4.10 kmol/hr n3,23 (PA)
25
n3,23 (PA) = 1.12E-12 kmol/hr n4,23 (MA)
n4,23 (MA) = 0.32 kmol/hr n5,23 (carbon dioxide)
n5,23 (carbon dioxide) = 4.69 n6,23 (water)
kmol/hr n7,23 (nitrogen)
n6,23 (water) = 253.65 kmol/hr
n7,23 (nitrogen) = 0.13 kmol/hr

Figure 1.4.9 Schematic diagram of Distillation Column 2 (T-702)

19
DOF analysis:
14 unknowns
- 7 species balance
- 7 split fraction information
0

From Aspen simulation, the spilt fraction at both streams are listed in table below:

Table 1.4.12 Split fraction of each component at top stream and bottom stream

Component Split Fraction


Stream 24 Stream 25
O-xylene 0.478531 0.521469
Oxygen 1 0
PA 0 1
MA 2.53E-11 1
Carbon dioxide 1 0
Water 1 0.000102072
Nitrogen 1 0

Table 1.4.13 Stream table for Distillation Column 3 (T-703)

Component Mole flowrate in Mole flowrate out (kmol/hr)


(kmol/hr)
Stream 23 Stream 24 Stream 25
O-xylene 8.56 4.10 4.46
Oxygen 4.10 4.10 0
PA 1.12E-12 0 1.12E-12
MA 0.32 8.10E-12 0.32
Carbon dioxide 4.69 4.69 0
Water 253.65 253.65 0
Nitrogen 0.13 0.13 0
TOTAL 271.45 266.67 4.78

20
Composition at bottom stream:
4.46
o − xylene = = 0.933
4.78
0.32
MA = = 0.067
4.78

From the composition above, it show that the purity of o-xylene is 93.3%.% which is
close to 99.9%.

1.4.10 Splitter (S-701)

Assumption:
i. The mole flowrate of each component is spilt by a split fraction of 0.01 to the
waste stream.

n1,27 (o-xylene)
n2,27 (oxygen)
n3,27 (PA)
n4,27 (MA)
n5,27(carbon dioxide)
n6,27 (water)
n7,27 (nitrogen)

26

n1,26 (o-xylene) = 0.11 kmol/kr


n2,26 (oxygen) = 88.88 kmol/hr
n3,26 (PA) = 3.23E-6 kmol/hr
n4,26 (MA) = 6.93E-6 kmol/hr n1,28 (o-xylene)
n5,26(carbon dioxide) = 39.31 n2,28 (oxygen)
kmol/hr n3,28 (PA)
n6,26 (water) = 27.35 kmol/hr n4,28 (MA)
n7,26 (nitrogen) = 1551.59 n5,28(carbon dioxide)
kmol/hr n6,28 (water)
n7,28 (nitrogen)

Figure 1.4.10 Schematic diagram of splitter (S-701)

21
DOF analysis:
14 unknowns
- 7 species balance
- 7 split fraction information
0

Table 1.4.14 Stream table for splitter (S-701)

Component Mole flowrate in Mole flowrate out (kmol/hr)


(kmol/hr)
Stream 26 Stream 27 Stream 28
O-xylene 0.11 0.099 0.011
Oxygen 88.88 87.9912 0.8888
PA 3.23E-6 3.1977E-6 3.23E-8
MA 6.93E-4 6.8607E-4 6.93E-6
Carbon dioxide 39.31 38.9169 0.3931
Water 27.35 27.0765 0.2735
Nitrogen 1551.59 1536.0741 15.5159
TOTAL 1707.24 1690.19 17.08

Sample calculation:
𝑛5,28 (𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒) = 𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 × 𝑛5,26 (𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒)
= 0.01 × 88.88 = 0.8888 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ𝑟
𝑛5,27 (𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒) = 𝑛5,26 (𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒) − 𝑛5,28 (𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒)
= 88.88 − 0.8888 = 38.9169 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ𝑟

22
1.4.11 Scrubber (SEP-701)

Assumption:
i. The carbon dioxide removal efficiency is 90% [4,5].
ii. The solvent used in this process is MEA (monoethanolamine) [6].
iii. The mole flowrate of MEA is assumed at 40 kmol/hr which is equivalent to the
amount of carbon dioxide to be removed which is 38.9169 kmol/hr.

n1,30 (o-xylene)
n2,30 (oxygen)
n3,30 (PA)
n4,30 (MA)
n5,30(carbon dioxide)
n6,30 (water)
n7,30 (nitrogen)
n30 (MEA)

n29 (MEA)
n (MEA) = 40 kmol/hr
n29 (carbon dioxide)

n1,27n(o-xylene)
1,27 (o-xylene)
= 0.099 kmol/hr
n2,27n(oxygen)
2,27 (oxygen)
= 87.9912 kmol/hr
n3,27n(PA)
3,27 (PA)
= 3.1977E-6 kmol/hr
n4,27n(MA)
4,27 (MA)
= 6.8607E-4 kmol/hr
n5,27n(carbon
5,27(carbon dioxide)
dioxide) = 38.9169 kmol/hr
n6,27n(water)
6,27 (water)
= 27.0765 kmol/hr
n7,27n(nitrogen)
7,27 (nitrogen)
= 1536.6741 kmol/hr

Table 1.4.15 Schematic diagram of scrubber (SEP-701)

23
DOF analysis:
10 unknowns
- 8 species balance
- 2 related information
0

Table 1.4.16 Stream result of scrubber (SEP-701)

Component Mole flowrate in (kmol/hr) Mole flowrate out (kmol/hr)


Stream 27 Stream MEA Stream 30 Stream 29
O-xylene 0.099 0 0.099 0
Oxygen 87.9912 0 87.9912 0
PA 3.1977E-6 0 3.1977E-6 0
MA 6.8607E-4 0 6.8607E-4 0
Carbon 38.9169 0 3.8919 35.025
dioxide
Water 27.0765 0 27.0765 0
Nitrogen 1536.0741 0 1536.0741 0
MEA 0 40 0 40
TOTAL 1690.19 40 1655.133 75.025

Since only carbon dioxide involved in the scrubbing process, composition of other
gases is remains unchanged at the Stream 30. The sour gas which is carbon dioxide
will be scrubbed by solvent MEA. Meanwhile, other gases will be treated as clean gas
and can be released to the environment.

Sample calculation:
n30 (carbon dioxide) = 0.9 × n5,26 (carbon dioxide)
= 0.9 × 38.9169 = 35.025 kmol/hr

24
1.5 Overall Mass Balance

20
22
1 PPRODUCTION OF PHTHALIC 24
4 ANHYDRIDE
28
29
MEA
30

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡


𝑛1 + 𝑛4 + 𝑛𝑀𝐸𝐴 = 𝑛20 + 𝑛22 + 𝑛24 + 𝑛28 + 𝑛29 + 𝑛30
100 + 1964.20 + 40 = 70.74 + 11.25 + 266.67 + 17.08 + 75.025 + 1655.133
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
2104.20 = 2234.898
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟

𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟(𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡/𝑜𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡) = × 100
𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡

2104.20 − 2234.898
= × 100 = 6.21%
2104.20

25
Table 1.5.1 Stream table for the overall mass balance

Component Mole flowrate in (kmol/hr) Mole flowrate out (kmol/hr)

Stream 1 Stream 4 Stream Stream 20 Stream Stream Stream 28 Stream Stream


MEA 22 24 29 30
O-xylene 100 0 0 0 1.33 4.10 0.011 0 0.099
Oxygen 0 412.48 0 0 0 4.10 0.8888 0 87.9912
PA 0 0 0 78.9799895 1.05E-5 0 3.23E-8 0 3.1977E-6
MA 0 0 0 0.76 9.92 8.10E-12 6.93E-6 0 6.8607E-4
Carbon 0 0 0 0 0 4.69 0.3931 35.025 3.8919
dioxide
Water 0 0 0 0 0 253.65 0.2735 0 27.0765
Nitrogen 0 1551.72 0 0 0 0.13 15.5159 0 1536.0741
MEA 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 40 0
TOTAL 100 1964.20 40 79.74 11.25 266.67 17.08 75.025 1655.133

Since the mole flowrate inlet is approximately to the mole flowrate outlet, with percentage error of 6.21%, therefore, it is proof that the
mass balance at overall plant is balance.

26
1.6 Comparison between Manual Calculation and Simulation from Aspen
Plus

Table below shows the mole flowrate from manual calculation and Aspen simulation
with their percentage error.
Table 1.6.1 Comparison between manual calculation and Aspen simulation

Stream Mole flowrate (kmol/hr)


Manual Aspen Percent error (%)
S1 100 100 0
S4 1964.20 1964.20 0
SMEA 40 40 0
S20 79.74 82.41875 3.250
S22 11.25 10.64508 5.683
S24 266.67 262.5422 1.572
S28 17.08 17.13166 0.302
S29 75.025 71.43081 5.032
S30 1655.133 1664.603 0.569

mole output from Aspen = n20 + n22 + n24 + n28 + n29 + n30
= 82.41875 + 10.64508 + 262.5422 + 17.13166 + 71.43081
+ 1664.603 = 2104.7715 kmol/hr

Based on overall balance, the mole output from manual calculation is 2234.898 kmol/
hr. The percentage error is calculated as follow:

𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑛 − 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 (𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙/𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑛) = × 100
𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑛

2104.7715 − 2234.898
= × 100 = 6.17%
2104.7715

27
CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the production of PA from o-xylene and oxygen at the end of


process is lower than the value of basis calculation production which is 81.77 kmol/hr
while the calculated production is 78.98 kmol/hr. Meanwhile, from Aspen simulation,
the mole flowrate production of PA is 81.77075 kmol/hr which equivalent to the basis
calculation. This show that the process is achieved the objective although there is
slightly error of 3.41% and the purity of PA is 99.05% which close to 99.90%. Since
the mole flowrate inlet is 2104.20 kmol/hr which is approximately to the mole flowrate
outlet (2234.898 kmol/hr), with percentage error of 6.21%, therefore, it is proof that
the mass balance at overall plant is balance.

LIST OF REFERENCES

[1] M.S. Wainwright, N.R. Foster, Catalysis Reviews : Science and Engineering
Catalysts , Kinetics and Reactor Design in Phthalic Anhydride Synthesis, (n.d.)
37–41.
[2] G.C. Bond, Mechanism of the oxidation of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride, J.
Catal. 116 (1989) 531–539.
[3] What is Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure?, (n.d.).
http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hvac/39508-daltons-law-of-partial-
pressure-applied-to-air/ (accessed December 14, 2017).
[4] A.H. Zare, S. Mirzaei, Removal of CO2 and H2S using aqueous alkanolamine
solusions, World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol. 37 (2009) 194–203.
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-
78651534829&partnerID=40&md5=8a1baeb909c0d0c0239a92c3aa081c9a.
[5] S. Mitra, A Technical Report On Gas Sweetening by Amines, (2015) 1–57.
[6] B. Lv, B. Guo, Z. Zhou, G. Jing, Mechanisms of CO<inf>2</inf> Capture into
Monoethanolamine Solution with Different CO<inf>2</inf> Loading during the
Absorption/Desorption Processes, Environ. Sci. Technol. 49 (2015) 10728–
10735.

28
APPENDICES

Main flowsheet of the process

29
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 MEA
P-701 E-701 MIXER1 C-701 MIXER1 E-702 MIXER2 R-701 E-703 E-704 E-705 V-701 E-706 MIXER3 V-702 MIXER3 E-707 E-708 T-701 T-702 T-703 P-702 S-701 SEP-701 MIXER2 SEP-701
P-701 E-701 C-701 MIXER1 E-702 MIXER2 R-701 E-703 E-704 E-705 V-701 V-701 E-706 V-702 MIXER3 E-707 E-708 T-701 T-701 T-702 T-702 T-703 T-703 V-702 S-701 S-701 SEP-701 SEP-701 P-702
LIQUID LIQUID LIQUID VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR MIXED VAPOR LIQUID MIXED LIQUID MIXED MIXED MIXED LIQUID VAPOR LIQUID VAPOR VAPOR LIQUID VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR MIXED VAPOR LIQUID LIQUID

Substream: MIXED
Mole Flow kmol/hr
O-XYLENE 100 100 100 0 0 100 100 107.3035 16.41038 16.41038 16.41038 16.41038 3.219165 13.19122 3.219165 2.98554 16.17684 16.17684 16.17684 4.74E-06 16.17684 2.171231 14.00561 6.702119 7.303489 0.233625 0.231288 2.34E-03 0 0.231288 7.303489 0
O2 0 0 0 412.4847 412.4847 412.4847 412.4847 412.4847 98.75448 98.75448 98.75448 98.75448 98.70727 0.047206 98.70727 0.042763 0.08997 0.08997 0.08997 1.75E-35 0.08997 5.73E-42 0.08997 0.08997 3.73E-58 98.66451 97.67787 0.986645 0 97.67787 3.73E-58 0
PA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.08E-11 81.77069 81.77069 81.77069 81.77069 0.04417 81.72652 0.04417 0.044167 81.77076 81.77076 81.77076 81.77075 1.09E-05 1.09E-05 8.08E-11 2.28E-36 8.08E-11 3.23E-06 3.20E-06 3.23E-08 0 3.20E-06 8.08E-11 0
MA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.272056 9.394473 9.394473 9.394473 9.394473 0.164536 9.229938 0.164536 0.163908 9.393883 9.393883 9.393883 0.647995 8.745888 8.473832 0.272056 6.88E-12 0.272056 6.28E-04 6.22E-04 6.28E-06 0 6.22E-04 0.272056 0
H2O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.51E-09 281.8017 281.8017 281.8017 281.8017 131.6357 150.166 131.6357 103.8204 253.9866 253.9866 253.9866 2.20E-11 253.9866 2.00E-06 253.9866 253.9866 2.51E-09 27.81535 27.5372 0.278154 0 27.5372 2.51E-09 0
CO2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.00E-36 36.48967 36.48967 36.48967 36.48967 36.36784 0.121828 36.36784 1.091953 1.213783 1.213783 1.213783 1.74E-22 1.213783 1.96E-26 1.213783 1.213783 1.00E-36 35.27589 34.92313 0.352759 31.43081 3.492313 1.00E-36 0
N2 0 0 0 1551.725 1551.725 1551.725 1551.725 1551.725 1551.725 1551.725 1551.725 1551.725 1551.429 0.296378 1551.429 0.253389 0.549768 0.549768 0.549768 2.60E-37 0.549768 2.28E-45 0.549768 0.549768 2.81E-63 1551.176 1535.664 15.51176 0 1535.664 2.81E-63 0
MEA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 40
Total Flow kmol/hr 100 100 100 1964.21 1964.21 2064.21 2064.21 2071.786 2076.347 2076.347 2076.347 2076.347 1821.568 254.7791 1821.568 108.4021 363.1816 363.1816 363.1816 82.41875 280.7628 10.64508 270.1178 262.5422 7.575546 1713.166 1696.034 17.13166 71.43081 1664.603 7.575546 40
Total Flow kg/hr
10616.74 10616.74 10616.74 56668.24 56668.24 67284.98 67284.98 68087.05 68087.05 68087.05 68087.05 68087.05 50955.88 17131.17 50955.88 2266.458 19397.65 19397.65 19397.65 12175.26 7222.397 1061.443 6160.954 5358.884 802.0698 48689.42 48202.53 486.8942 3826.613 46819.26 802.0698 2443.349
Total Flow l/min
201.5121 201.5163 230.4027 8.01E+05 4.95E+05 4.61E+05 7.05E+05 7.00E+05 8.54E+05 1.57E+06 1.29E+06 9.40E+05 8.05E+05 230.7197 6.75E+05 37.87122 315.0031 2733.655 1.73E+05 192.5693 1.50E+05 17.25036 1.38E+05 1.34E+05 17.21873 6.75E+05 6.68E+05 6748.149 12544.74 6.88E+05 17.21959 40.03647
Temperature C 25 25.02159 145.0216 25 127.0429 81.96599 268.966 263.3254 380 280 180 80 50 50 15 15 41.54148 98.54104 178.541 282.418 119.8175 184.1592 104.387 101.7537 145.4502 15 15 15 28.98772 28.98772 145.4881 25
Pressure bar 1.013 2.2 2.2 1.013 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 1.013 2.2 1.013
Vapor Frac 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.937424 1 0 0.94049 0 3.10E-04 0.013362 0.77408 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0.425574 1 0 0
Liquid Frac 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.062576 0 1 0.05951 1 0.99969 0.986638 0.22592 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.574426 0 1 1
Solid Frac 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Enthalpy cal/mol -5853 -5849.54 248.7194 -1.626592 711.8395 689.4038 2361.406 2340.184 -10178.9 -11142.1 -12059 -13782.5 -5876.86 -77599.3 -6760.64 -67068.3 -74456 -72827.3 -63627.5 -92865.4 -54387 -80369 -53849.9 -55534.9 -3446.1 -2944.62 -2944.62 -2944.62 -77293.4 -1125.89 -3442.19 -64341.6
Enthalpy cal/gm -55.13 -55.0973 2.34271 -0.0563802 24.67347 21.14995 72.44465 71.20826 -310.411 -339.784 -367.744 -420.304 -210.086 -1154.08 -241.679 -3207.8 -1394.04 -1363.54 -1191.3 -628.639 -2114.24 -806.01 -2360.97 -2720.76 -32.5484 -103.608 -103.608 -103.608 -1442.82 -40.0297 -32.5115 -1053.34
Enthalpy -1.63E+05
cal/sec -1.62E+05 6908.872 -887.491 3.88E+05 3.95E+05 1.35E+06 1.35E+06 -5.87E+06 -6.43E+06 -6.96E+06 -7.95E+06 -2.97E+06 -5.49E+06 -3.42E+06 -2.02E+06 -7.51E+06 -7.35E+06 -6.42E+06 -2.13E+06 -4.24E+06 -2.38E+05 -4.04E+06 -4.05E+06 -7251.68 -1.40E+06 -1.39E+06 -14012.8 -1.53E+06 -5.21E+05 -7243.46 -7.15E+05
Entropy cal/mol-K
-107.953 -107.942 -90.9808 1.0166 1.534387 -2.73614 1.032772 0.742069 2.950177 2.890566 1.063922 -3.21283 0.808193 -53.7456 -2.09748 -41.3368 -49.8246 -44.9884 -21.9248 -53.6855 -11.7919 -52.7402 -11.5532 -10.0535 -89.1224 0.385421 0.385421 0.385421 -65.3929 0.544154 -89.1132 -117.903
Entropy cal/gm-K
-1.01682 -1.01671 -0.85696 0.0352369 0.0531842 -0.08394 0.031684 0.02258 0.089967 0.088149 0.032445 -0.09798 0.028891 -0.79932 -0.07498 -1.97709 -0.93286 -0.84232 -0.4105 -0.36342 -0.4584 -0.52892 -0.50653 -0.49254 -0.84176 0.013561 0.013561 0.013561 -1.22068 0.019347 -0.84167 -1.93018
Density mol/cc
8.27E-03 8.27E-03 7.23E-03 4.09E-05 6.61E-05 7.46E-05 4.88E-05 4.93E-05 4.05E-05 2.20E-05 2.69E-05 3.68E-05 3.77E-05 0.018405 4.50E-05 0.047706 0.019216 2.21E-03 3.50E-05 7.13E-03 3.12E-05 0.010285 3.25E-05 3.27E-05 7.33E-03 4.23E-05 4.23E-05 4.23E-05 9.49E-05 4.03E-05 7.33E-03 0.016651
Density gm/cc
0.878089 0.878071 0.767984 1.18E-03 1.91E-03 2.43E-03 1.59E-03 1.62E-03 1.33E-03 7.22E-04 8.82E-04 1.21E-03 1.06E-03 1.237517 1.26E-03 0.997441 1.026321 0.118264 1.87E-03 1.053755 8.04E-04 1.025527 7.42E-04 6.68E-04 0.776354 1.20E-03 1.20E-03 1.20E-03 5.08E-03 1.13E-03 0.776315 1.017135
Average MW106.1674 106.1674 106.1674 28.8504 28.8504 32.596 32.596 32.86395 32.79175 32.79175 32.79175 32.79175 27.97364 67.23931 27.97364 20.90788 53.41035 53.41035 53.41035 147.7244 25.72419 99.71214 22.8084 20.41151 105.8762 28.42073 28.42073 28.42073 53.57089 28.12638 105.8762 61.08372
Liq Vol 60F l/min
200.44 200.44 200.44 1753.313 1753.313 1953.753 1953.753 1968.716 1787.26 1787.26 1787.26 1787.26 1551.756 235.5038 1551.756 38.73381 274.2381 274.2381 274.2381 153.319 120.9191 14.45959 106.4595 91.49586 14.96362 1513.022 1497.892 15.13022 68.06682 1469.836 14.96362 40.01073

Stream result of the process

30

You might also like