What is the another name for VRC?

a) FEC
b) ARQ
c) Parity
d) Bits
View Answer
Answer: c
Synchronous transmission is more efficient than asynchronous transmission because _________
a) it has no start and stop bits
b) it has start and stop bits
c) it has more data bits than asynchronous transmission
d) it has alphanumeric data bits
View Answer
Answer: a

Which is the dominant for a circular waveguide?

a) TE 01
b) TM 01
c) TE 11
d) TM 11
View Answer
Answer: c

The velocity factor of a transmission line depends on

A. temperature

B. skin effect

C. relative permittivity of dielectric

D. none of the above

Answer: Option C
Explanation:

A loss less line of characteristic impedance Z0 is terminated in pure reactance of -jZ0 value. VSWR is
A. 10

B. 2
 C. 1

D. infinity
Answer: Option D

Assertion (A): TWT uses a focussing mechanism to prevent the electron beam from spreading.
Reason (R): In a TWT the electron beam has to travel a much longer distance than in klystron.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option A

Assertion (A): The impedance of a matched load is equal to characteristic impedance of line.
Reason (R): A matched termination absorbs all the power incident on it.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option A

Assertion (A): The phenomenon of differential mobility is called transferred electron effect.
Reason (R): GaAs exhibits transferred electron effect.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option B

Which of the following parameters is negligible in transmission lines?

A. R

B. L

C. C
 D. G
Answer: Option D

Assertion (A): Artificial transmission lines are frequently used in laboratories.

Reason (R): An artificial transmission line can be used to represent an actual line and can also be
used as a delay circuit, as attenuator, as filter network etc.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option A
Assertion (A): Artificial transmission lines are frequently used in laboratories.
Reason (R): An artificial transmission line can be used to represent an actual line and can also be
used as a delay circuit, as attenuator, as filter network etc.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option A

Assertion (A): A coaxial line is a non-radiating line.

Reason (R): In a coaxial line the electric and magnetic fields are confined to the region between the
concentric conductors.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option A

A 10 km long line has a characteristic impedance of 400 ohms. If line length is 100 km, the
characteristic impedance is
A. 4000 Ω

B. 400 Ω

C. 40 Ω

D. 4 Ω
 Answer: Option B

Which TM mode in rectangular waveguide has lowest cutoff frequency?

A. TM11

B. TM01

C. TM10

D. TM21
Answer: Option A

The directivity in a receiving antenna

1. increases the intercept area in forward direction
2. reduces the noise picked up from other sources
3. provides a means of discriminating against undesired signals originating in directions other than in
which the desired transmitter lies.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A. 1 only

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 1, 2 and 3

D. 2 and 3 only
Answer: Option C

The directive gain of a transmitting antenna is proportional to

A. its cross-sectional area

B. square of cross-sectional area

C. square root of cross-sectional area

D. cube root of cross-sectional area

Answer: Option A

Assertion (A): The condition of minimum distortion in a transmission line is L = RC/G.

Reason (R): Line loading means addition of inductance to satisfy the condition L = RC/G.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

 D. A is wrong but R is correct
Answer: Option B

A quarter wave line short circuited at load end behaves as

A. an inductance

B. an inductance and capacitance in series

C. a capacitance

D. an inductance and capacitance in parallel

Answer: Option D

When a line short circuited at far end, the minimum voltage occurs at
A. far end

B. source end

C. midway between source and far end

D. none of the above

Answer: Option A

Assertion (A): A half wavelength line can be used as a 1 : 1 transformer.

Reason (R): The input impedance of a half wavelength line is equal to load impedance.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option A

Assertion (A): A quarter wave transformer is used to match a resistive load to a transmission line.
Reason (R): A quarter wave transformer is a transmission line of quarter wave length.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option B
Assertion (A): The velocity factor of a line is the ratio of wave velocity on the line to speed of light.
Reason (R): If the conductors of a line are immersed in a non magnetic insulating liquid, the wave
velocity increases.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option C

Assertion (A): A line of length and short circuited at far end has an input impedance of infinity.

Reason (R): A line of length and short circuited at far end behaves as a parallel resonant circuit.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option A

ssertion (A): The velocity of electromagnetic waves on overhead lines and coaxial cables is the
same.
Reason (R): Free space has an intrinsic impedance of 377 ohms.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option D

Assertion (A): For high frequency lines inductive reactance is very high as compared to ac
resistance.
Reason (R): Due to skin effect ac resistance of line is higher than dc resistance.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option B

If a line having Z0 = 300 ∠ 0 W is short circuited at far end, VSWR is

A. 0

B. 1

C. ∞

D. 2
Answer: Option C

Assertion (A): Microstrip is very commonly used in microwave integrated circuits.

Reason (R): Microstrip has an easy access to the top-surface so that active and passive discrete
components can be easily mounted.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option A
As wavelength decrease the size of high directivity antenna
A. decreases

B. increases

C. is not affected

D. either (b) or (c)

Answer: Option A

Assertion (A): In TE10 mode the cutoff frequency of rectangular waveguide is where a is the
broad dimension and c is velocity of light.
Reason (R): TE10 mode is the dominant mode in rectangular waveguide.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option B
 Consider the following statements about instrument landing system of aircraft
1. It ensures correct landing under conditions of low visibility.
2. It consists of runaway localizer, glide path equipment and marker beacons.
3. It is basically a blind landing system.
Which of above statements are correct?
A. All

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 2 only
Answer: Option A
Assertion (A): A small section of high impedance line is equivalent to a series inductance.
Reason (R): A small section of a low impedance line is equivalent to a series resistance.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option C

In an optional fiber the refractive index of cladding material should be

A. nearly 1

B. very low

C. less than that of core

D. more than that of core

Answer: Option C

Assertion (A): A line of length slightly more than and open circuited at far end is equivalent to
an inductive reactance.

Reason (R): A line of length slightly more than and short circuited at far end behaves as a
capacitive reactance.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

 D. A is wrong but R is correct
Answer: Option B

Assertion (A): Slotted line is frequently used for microwave measurements.

Reason (R): The unknown impedance is mounted at the end of slotted line.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option B
As frequency is increased, the skin effect
A. increases

B. decreases

C. remains the same

D. either (b) or (c)

Answer: Option A
Which of the following lines behaves as infinite line?
A. a line terminated in inductance

B. a line terminated in capacitance

C. a short line

D. a line terminated in z0
Answer: Option D
Assertion (A): Two equal and opposite travelling waves result in a standing wave.
Reason (R): The ratio of maximum to minimum value of a standing wave is called SWR.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option B
Consider the following statements, SWR of a transmission line is infinite when the load is
1. a short circuit
2. a complex impedance
3. an open circuit
4. a pure reactance
Which of the above statements are correct?
 A. 1 and 3 only

B. 1, 2, 3

C. 2, 3, 4

D. 1, 2, 4
Answer: Option A
In a rectangular waveguide cutoff wavelength for TE10 mode is 8 cm. Then cutoff wavelength for
TE20 mode is
A. 8 cm

B. 6 cm

C. 4 cm

D. 2 cm
Answer: Option C

A line slightly longer than length and short circuited at far end behaves as
A. an inductance

B. a capacitance

C. L and C in series

D. L and C in parallel
Answer: Option B

Assertion (A): Hollow waveguides are frequently used as transmission lines at microwave
frequencies.
Reason (R): Waveguide has high power handling capacity, low loss and simple structure.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

C. A is correct but R is wrong

D. A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option A
In a rectangular waveguide
A. the broad width is generally labelled 'a' and height 'b'

B. the broad width is generally labelled 'b' and height 'a'

C. any one of the dimensions may be labelled 'a' and the other 'b'

D. the length is labelled as 'a'

Answer: Option A
 Consider the following statements
1. Fading of signals is generally greatest near radio horizon.
2. Fading of signals is generally greatest in shadow zone.
3. Fading is small when a good optical path is present.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 3

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 2 and 3 only
Answer: Option A

What layer in the TCP/IP stack is equivalent to the Transport layer of the OSI model?
A. Application

B. Host-to-Host

C. Internet

D. Network Access
Answer: Option B

Which of the following describe the DHCP Discover message?

1. It uses FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF as a layer 2 broadcast.
2. It uses UDP as the Transport layer protocol.
3. It uses TCP as the Transport layer protocol.
4. It does not use a layer 2 destination address.
A. 1 only

B. 1 and 2

C. 3 and 4

D. 4 only
Answer: Option B
Which of the following is private IP address?
A. 12.0.0.1

B. 168.172.19.39

C. 172.15.14.36
 D. 192.168.24.43
Answer: Option D
Class A private address range is 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255. Class B private address range is
172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255, and Class C private address range is 192.168.0.0 through
192.168.255.255.

Which of the following allows a router to respond to an ARP request that is intended for a remote
host?
A. Gateway DP

B. Reverse ARP (RARP)

C. Proxy ARP

D. Inverse ARP (IARP)

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Proxy ARP can help machines on a subnet reach remote subnets without configuring routing or a
default gateway.

he DoD model (also called the TCP/IP stack) has four layers. Which layer of the DoD model is
equivalent to the Network layer of the OSI model?
A. Application

B. Host-to-Host

C. Internet

D. Network Access
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The four layers of the DoD model are Application/Process, Host-to-Host, Internet, and Network
Access. The Internet layer is equivalent to the Network layer of the OSI model.

Which of the following services use UDP?

1. DHCP
2. SMTP
3. SNMP
4. FTP
5. HTTP
6. TFTP
A. 1, 3 and 6
 B. 2 and 4

C. 1, 2 and 4

D. All of the above

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
DHCP, SNMP, and TFTP use UDP.

you use either Telnet or FTP, which is the highest layer you are using to transmit data?
A. Application

B. Presentation

C. Session

D. Transport
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Both FTP and Telnet use TCP at the Transport layer; however, they both are Application layer
protocols, so the Application layer is the best answer.
you use either Telnet or FTP, which is the highest layer you are using to transmit data?
A. Application

B. Presentation

C. Session

D. Transport
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Both FTP and Telnet use TCP at the Transport layer; however, they both are Application layer
protocols, so the Application layer is the best answer.

Which statements are true regarding ICMP packets?

1. They acknowledge receipt of a TCP segment.
2. They guarantee datagram delivery.
3. They can provide hosts with information about network problems.
4. They are encapsulated within IP datagrams.
A. 1 only

B. 2 and 3

C. 3 and 4

D. 2, 3 and 4
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is used to send error messages through the network, but
they do not work alone. Every segment or ICMP payload must be encapsulated within an IP
datagram (or packet).
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What protocol is used to find the hardware address of a local device?

A. RARP

B. ARP

C. IP

D. ICMP
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to find the hardware address from a known IP address.

What is the address range of a Class B network address in binary?

A. 01xxxxxx

B. 0xxxxxxx

C. 10xxxxxx

D. 110xxxxx
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The range of a Class B network address is 128-191. This makes our binary range 10xxxxxx.

What command is used to create a backup configuration?

A. copy running backup

B. copy running-config startup-config

C. config mem

D. wr mem
Answer: Option B

Where is a hub specified in the OSI model?

A. Session layer

B. Physical layer

C. Data Link layer

 D. Application layer
Answer: Option B

What does the command routerA(config)#line cons 0 allow you to perform next?
A. Set the Telnet password.

B. Shut down the router.

C. Set your console password.

D. Disable console connections.

Answer: Option C
What is the main reason the OSI model was created?
A. To create a layered model larger than the DoD model.

B. So application developers can change only one layer's protocols at a time.

C. So different networks could communicate.

D. So Cisco could use the model.

Answer: Option C
Which protocol does Ping use?
A. TCP

B. ARP

C. ICMP

D. BootP
Answer: Option C

What layer of the OSI model would you assume the problem is in if you type show interface
serial 1 and receive the following message? "Serial1 is down, line protocol is
down."
A. Physical layer

B. Data Link layer

C. Network layer

D. None. It is a router problem.

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
If you see that a serial interface and the protocol are both down, then you have a Physical layer
problem. If you see serial1 is up, line protocol is down, then you are not receiving (Data
Link) keepalives from the remote end.

Which of the following statements are true regarding the command ip route 172.16.4.0
 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.2?
1. The command is used to establish a static route.
2. The default administrative distance is used.
3. The command is used to configure the default route.
4. The subnet mask for the source address is 255.255.255.0.
A. 1 and 2

B. 2 and 4

C. 3 and 4

D. All of the above

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Although answer D almost seems right, it is not; the mask is the mask used on the remote network,
not the source network. Since there is no number at the end of the static route, it is using the default
administrative distance of 1.
. A default Frame Relay WAN is classified as what type of physical network?
A. Point-to-point

B. Broadcast multi-access

C. Non-broadcast multi-access

D. Non-broadcast multipoint
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Frame Relay, by default, is a non-broadcast multi-access (NBMA) network, which means that
broadcasts, such as RIP updates, will not be forwarded across the link by default.
Your company has a LAN in its downtown office and has now set up a LAN in the manufacturing
plant in the suburbs. To enable everyone to share data and resources between the two LANs, what
type of device(s) are needed to connect them? Choose the most correct answer.
A. Modem

B. Cable

C. Hub

D. Router
Answer: Option D
Which of the following device is used to connect two systems, especially if the systems use different
protocols?
A. hub

B. bridge

C. gateway

D. repeater
 E. None of the above
Answer: Option C
What device separates a single network into two segments but lets the two segments appear as one
to higher protocols?
A. Switch

B. Bridge

C. Gateway

D. Router
Answer: Option B
ou are working with a network that has the network ID 192.168.10.0. What subnet should you use
that supports up to 25 hosts and a maximum number of subnets?
A. 255.255.255.192

B. 255.255.255.224

C. 255.255.255.240

D. 255.255.255.248

E. 255.255.255.252
Which network topology is considered passive?
A. Cross

B. Ring

C. Star

D. Mesh

E. Bus
Answer: Option E
Which address is the loopback address?
A. 0.0.0.1

B. 127.0.0.0

C. 127.0.0.1

D. 255.255.255.255

E. None of the above

Answer: Option C
Explanation: