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Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Auto-Targeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Targeting - Classic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Targeting - Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Sites Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Site Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Number and Type of Platforms Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Available Platform Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Use Grid Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Plans Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Auto-planning Basic Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Auto-planning Advanced Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Perforations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-35
Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37
Base Costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37
Contingency Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-39
EXERCISE 3-1. GIS Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-40
Integrating GIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-40
Importing Data Using the GIS Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44
Draping an Image on an OpenWorks Surface or GIS Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-48
Loading and Viewing GeoShaper Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-53
Saving the Well Planning Project and the DecisionSpace Session . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-55
EXERCISE 3-2. Designing Optimal Pads, Slot Templates, and
Horizontal Laterals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-56
Opening an Existing DecisionSpace Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-56
Incorporating Surface Hazards and GeoShapers into the Field Plan . . . . . . . . . . . 3-60
Creating Custom Pads Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-64
Creating Optimal Pads and Laterals for a Field Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-67
Saving the Well Planning Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-74
Defining Pad Size and Optimizing Slot Locations via Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-75
EXERCISE 3-3. Methods and Applications of Creating Field Plans. . . . . . . . . . . 3-81
Setting the Field Site and Plan Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-81
Field-Level Optimization for Pads, Templates, and Nudging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-92
Creating and Assigning Well Statuses on a Field Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-98
Incorporating Well Statuses to Re-Plan Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-104
Modeling Well Drainage Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-110
Estimating Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-113
Calculating Base Costs of a Field Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-113
Incorporating Contingency Costs into the Cost Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-117
EXERCISE 3-4. Advanced Applications of Unconventional Field
Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-119
Creating an Interpretation Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-120
Loading ISet Data into the Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-121
Picking “Dummy Sites” to Customize Lateral and Pad Placement . . . . . . . . . . . 3-123
Multiple Boundary and Azimuth options in Horizontal Targeting. . . . . . . . . . . . 3-137
Alternate Kickoff Dogleg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-145
Laterals Placed with Drag action and Assisted Manual Pad Placement. . . . . . . . 3-150
Creating Perforations during Frac Target Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-159
Radial Targeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-162
Introduction to
DecisionSpace Well Planning
Landmark’s DecisionSpace Well Planning solution allows teams to effectively streamline their
seismic and geological data, development plans, model visualizations, and workflows. You will be
able to leverage expertise across your organization with an integrated software suite to decrease
the time taken to create accurate well plans and manage the risk and uncertainty inherent in
complex geological environments. In this course, you will learn how to maximize the potential of
our collaborative well planning solution.
Landmark is proud that our DecisionSpace Well Planning software won a 2012 World Oil Award.
In the ‘Best Visualization and Collaboration’ category, Halliburton won for Landmark’s
DecisionSpace Well Planning software. DecisionSpace Well Planning stood out because it
enables cross-domain asset teams to generate well trajectories, pad or platform locations, and
reservoir targets in the DecisionSpace 3D visualization environment. This unified work
environment allows geology, geophysics, and engineering disciplines to collectively create a
shared earth model, and then plan single-well, multi-lateral well, or field development scale
scenarios. The software also includes relief well planning tools to help operators meet offshore
regulatory requirements. In addition to well planning, the software supports real-time geosteering
workflows in the visual context of the earth model. The DecisionSpace Well Planning software
leverages advanced automation techniques to plan any combination of targets, surface locations
and well trajectories. When asset team members interactively shift targets or a pad location, the
well path plan is updated in real time. Patented algorithms optimize field development plans
based on user-specified cost parameters, risk and uncertainty, and degree of difficulty.
Course Overview
Introduction
The main benefits that an asset team can obtain from this solution can be
summarized as:
• Improving performance.
Each asset team member and each discipline can define inputs and
constraints.
This course will cover how to use each component of the solution. Also,
basic topics that are common to the entire DecisionSpace Well Planning
software suite will be discussed. The course will also cover functions
and tasks that are specific to the TracPlanner and AssetPlanner modules
and their different modes.
Explorer Hierarchy
When the DecisionSpace Well Planning software is launched, you will
see a vertical panel to the left side of the window called Explorer. Here
you will be able to locate each component of your well planning
projects. Such components can be related to each other, following a
hierarchical structure:
Project
OpenWorks Wells
Planned Wells
Targets
Explorer hierarchy
Note
Wells can be either OpenWorks software wells or Well Planning software project
wells. (This difference will be covered in future sections.)
Wells can also be imported to/from the EDM drilling database, with a
modification of the Live Link connection.
Project Properties
The Project Properties dialog box allows you to set numerous
parameters for data movement and visualization.
Project Properties
Below are the available options in the Project Properties dialog box:
• Plan Coloring Scheme dictates how plans are colored in the 3D and
2D viewers. Coloring by red line parameters is the most popular
coloring scheme since it flags portions of a well plan that exceed
any of the red line criteria.
activated, you must select what type of error ellipse to display. This
can be achieved either by double-clicking on a well plan in 3D and
launching the view properties or by selecting a well plan in the
Inventory Manager and clicking on the properties in that dialog
box. Uncertainty cannot be displayed on just a single well plan.
Either all or none can be displayed.
• Red Line Parameters allow you to change and select the parameter
set to apply either to a specific plan or all plans.
Well Planning
2D Views
Plan view and Section view are the types of 2D views available in Well
Planning. You can access them from the toolbar or by selecting Map or
Section view on the desktop.
Accessing 2D Views
2D Views in DecisionSpace
• Import them
Or
In this section, you will learn how to use the Target Editor to enter target
information manually (to access the Target Editor, select Tools >
Target Editor, or right-click the Explorer tree and select the Target
Editor option from the menu). The other methods will be covered in
exercises in later sections of this volume.
Target Types
Targets can be classified under the default categories: Oil, Gas, Wtr-Inj,
and so on; or under custom categories added by you. Classifying targets
as different types is useful for auto-planning in the AssetPlanner
software and when using the Slot Template Editor, which will be
discussed later.
1 2
• Point
• Circle
• Ellipse
• Rectangle
• Irregular
The preview window will show results immediately, if any of the shape
parameters are changed.
Irregular Targets
A table appears when the Irregular option is selected. Use the table to
enter numeric values to define the local offsets (Local X, Local Y) for
each corner of the target, based on the target center (that is, the initial
coordinates used to define the target).
By clicking on a line of the target in the preview window, you can add
a new corner point, which you can then select and drag to a different
position.
Note
If you have a plan designed for a target, the plan will be updated automatically as
you alter the penetration point.
Note
When auto-planning in the AssetPlanner software, S-shaped plan types will set this
value to Locked for any S-shaped wells. You will need to reset this if you want the
flexibility to alter the attitude (auto-planning will be discussed in a later chapter).
Attitude
The Attitude section is enabled if the target is locked. It allows you to
describe the target dip with respect to the well trajectory.
Target Attitude
• Save Sessions
Project: NORWAY_DSWP
Domain: Depth
Interpreter: LGC
Fault: DepthTDQ_Fault
Note
Faults can be selected after expanding the Faults tab in the Explorer window.
Similarly, Surface Grids are located under the Mapping tab.
To add the data to the session, select the data of interest and click the
Add data to session button. Similarly, selected data can be removed
by clicking the Remove data from session button.
2. Click OK to exit the main session window. The fault and surface
grid will be loaded into the Cube view:
3. Select the Inventory tab on the left side of the main session window.
Opacity: 1.0000
5. To set the fault's display parameters, righ-click the fault data item in
the Inventory and select the Display Properties option:
Opacity: 0.5
The Cube view displays the fault and surface grid according to the
selected settings.
6. To disable the Cube view tilt option, which can make viewing
manipulation difficult, select View > Cube view editor in the main
session window or select the View Editor ( ) icon in the vertical
icon bar to the left of the viewers.
8. Click OK.
9. After selecting the No Tilt option, slightly rotate your viewer. Your
image should resemble the one shown below.
2. On the left side of the Select Session Data window, expand the
Wells tab in the data tree of the Explorer window, and select Well
Lists.
You will create a new well list that consists of three wells from the
FourWellsTD well list: 6507/7-3, 6507/7-4, and 6507/7-8.
3. Select the FourWellsTD list and click the Select Wells in Well
List ( ) icon located in the horizontal icon list above the upper
selection panel.
4. Select the three wells and click the Save as List ( ) icon.
6. Click OK, and close the the WellList Save dialog box.
7. After closing the Well List Save dialog box, click Close to exit the
View/modify well list window.
The new well list displays as added session data in the lower panel.
Log Curves are found under the Wells tab in the data tree.
9. Click OK to exit.
In order to display the log curves, access the Inventory task pane and
verify that the green circles are toggled-on next to each log curve
data item, indicating that they are visible in the viewer that is
currently active. If the circles are gray, this indicates that they are not
visible in the current viewer. Simply click the circles to toggle-on
and off the visibility for any data item or data group.
The wells and accompanying log curves will be loaded into the Cube
view.
The log curves display along the corresponding well path. Zoom in
within the Cube view to see the curves in more detail.
10. To label the wells, right-click the NORWAY_wells well list in the
Inventory, and select the Display Properties option.
Note
The color and line width options are found under Select Well For Annotation
view. The label is located after expanding the Well Header and dragging the
desired label to the preferred position on the map.
Color: Blue
Path Width: 3
12. After dragging the Common Well Name label, a new window
appears, prompting you to specify the wells. Verify that
NORWAY_Wells is selected and click OK.
4. Click OK.
A gray square loads above the data, indicating that the seismic data
has been added to the session but a probe type has not been selected
to view.
The Probe Type Selection dialog box appears. Inline and Xline are
vertical projections of the seismic probes and are orthogonal to each
other. In addition, Slice is a horizontal projection, orthogonal to both
vertical projections.
6. Select the Inline and Xline check boxes, and click OK.
The 3D seismic data appears but is too large for the purpose of this
exercise.
7. In order to edit the seismic data into a more visually appealing size,
click the Select/Drag Mode ( ) icon located in the vertical icon
menu to the left of the viewers. Then drag the green boxes at the
corners of the probe to the desired size.
Note
In order to view different seismic lines, hold SHIFT and drag the seismic pane
to the desired line/location. This can be done in Select/Drag Mode ( ) or
Pan/Zoom/Rotate Mode ( ). Refer to the Reference Materials appendix for
information about how to load seismic data into the Shared Memory for
seamless viewing while moving through seismic lines and traces.
In order to see the surfaces better, you must change the opacity of the
seismic data.
8. Select the Color tab, located on the left-side of the main session
window.
After Opacity edit is enabled, a red line appears on the far right of
the task pane. It may initially be hard to see. Moving this red line
changes the opacity of the seismic data set.
10. Move the red line across the color spectrum until you have lowered
the opacity to an appropriate level – about a quarter of the way.
2. When the Save Session As dialog box appears, save the session as
NORWAY Manual Planning, then click the Save button.
TracPlanner
Optimized Well & Pad Planning
The TracPlanner module provides asset teams with a powerful tool to plan wells in a 3D visual
environment. Interpreters can visualize geologic information and then visually create targets
using that information. The TracPlanner module offers technology that enables platform and pad
positioning optimization for more efficient placement. Defined Red Line parameters select any
plans that exceed those limits. This application is integrated with the AssetPlanner software and
the PrecisionTarget software systems. Each of these applications leverages the DecisionSpace
software’s 2D and 3D visualization environment. The DecisionSpace software suite provides
geoscientists and engineers a powerful collaboration tool for path planning in the earth model.
The TracPlanner module is a manual planning and optimization tool used for planning single well
trajectories. With the TracPlanner module, you can optimize proposed platform locations for cost
and other predefined criteria. Platform well plans are automatically recalculated when platforms
are moved to the optimized location. This results in cost-effective designs.
• Manual Planning
• Site Optimization
• Plan Optimization
Overview
• Using the Red Line View utility to set and visualize well plan
parameter constraints
Creating Pads
After creating a project and defining targets, the next step is to create a
pad within a given location and then create well plans kicking off from
the pad location. There are three methods possible, and each is discussed
in the following sections.
Slot Templates
Slot templates can be created under a platform. Slot templates have
several uses in the DecisionSpace Well Planning software. They can be
used to determine the number of available slots a platform has, in
addition to defining the surface location for a plan. The AssetPlanner
software uses this information in auto-planning. You can make
OpenWorks wells occupy a slot template simply by dragging them
under the platform. If the surface location of an OpenWorks well is near
(two feet or less from) the slot location, it will automatically be assigned
to the slot and occupy it.
You can access the Slot Template Editor by clicking the Edit
Template button (in the TracPlanner module and Manual Planning
mode) when a platform is active in the tree.
Creating a slot template involves defining the template name and a short
name for each individual slot. The template center coordinates are based
on the platform location, so 0,0 would mean that the first slot originates
at the platform location defined in the Platform Editor. This is the
reference point for the remainder of the data entries.
• Numbering defines how the slots are numbered. Letters can be used
for the slot labels, if desired.
Template Editor
Manual Planning
Plan Types
There are numerous plan types that can be defined in the TracPlanner
module. These are:
• Look Ahead: The path will be projected from the end of a well to
represent additional drilling to be done. This type assumes that the
well is currently being drilled and will be receiving updates via
OpenWire or some similar mechanism.
Plan Types
When creating a new plan, some of the following options may not be
available for the Plan Type drop-down list:
Planning Methods
You must define a plan method. The options to define a plan method are:
• Curve Only
Planning Methods
• True North - Imagine a line from you to the North Pole. This is a
line of constant longitude and points to true north. In many cases,
True North is selected because directional survey instruments read
azimuth to true (or magnetic) north. In both cases the convergence
correction does not need to be applied. True North is an accepted
reference for local coordinates.
• Grid North - On a map, a line joining two points with equal Easting
co-ordinates points to grid north. By representing the spherical
earth on a flat map, the distortion introduced means that (over most
of the map) grid north does not point to true north. The difference
between grid north and true north is called the grid convergence.
Grid north is an accepted reference for local coordinates.
To launch the Red Line View dialog box, select Window > Red Line
View or click the icon.
Red Line parameters must be set in the Parameters tab in order to use
them. The Parameters tab allows you to create, edit, or delete Red Line
parameter sets.
• Depths are entered in the table, and then the constraints for each
column (for each depth) are entered. You can have as many depth
increments as required.
• The constraint on the last row is assumed to apply all the way to the
well's total depth. Based on the image below, any portion of the
well plan that is deeper than 2,438 ft. TVD and has a DLS greater
than 25 degrees/100 ft. will be flagged.
Red lines will appear in both the 2D and Cube views if any plans exceed
any of the constraints. The Red Line parameters are also used in the
sidetrack net and in auto-planning if the dogleg severity is set to 0 in any
of the plan types.
The Survey Tool Editor only supports Error Cone and Systematic
Ellipse error models. However, it can import and use ISCWSA (Industry
Steering Committee on Wellbore Survey Accuracy) tools created in the
COMPASS software. A default tool should be defined to be used in the
PrecisionTarget software as well as the TracPlanner module when a
survey tool program is not defined in the Well Plan Properties dialog
box (this topic will be discussed in the next section).
To access the Survey Tool Editor, select Tools > Survey Tool Editor.
• Visualization
• Survey
• Casing
Visualization Tab
The Visualization tab contains parameters to define how well plans are
visualized (such as line, color, and thickness).
Grab Handles
Grab handles can be digitized along a well plan at defined depth
increments and used to manipulate the plan in greater detail (for
example, nudging a plan to avoid other wells or following some detailed
subsurface feature).
Grab Handles
Well Plan Properties dialog box: Show Grab Handles and Show
Sidetrack Net
Sidetrack Nets
The Sidetrack Net feature allows you to see how far you can reach from
a given starting point using the defined Red Line parameters. The values
used are Dogleg, Build, Turn, Drop, and Max. Inclination. A 3D net is
rendered based on your defined parameters, thereby enabling you to see
if a certain geologic objective can be reached. With the sidetrack net
visualized in 3D, any area encompassed by the envelope can safely be
reached while maintaining the design constraints.
Sidetrack Net
Survey Tab
The Survey tab allows you to define Survey Tool intervals that might be
used along the well plan while actually drilling the well. If there are no
entries in the table, the TracPlanner module will use the default Survey
Tool to compute the wellbore position uncertainty along the plan. Only
survey tools that have been created or entered in the Survey Tool Editor
are available for selection in this tab.
Casing Tab
Casings can be defined for a well plan. These are primarily used for
minimum ID values in the sidetrack selection as well as creating the
casings in the OpenWorks software when saving a plan as an
OpenWorks software well.
Site Optimization
After a pad is created and pad wells are planned, the pad location can be
optimized based on predefined optimization criteria. The pad locations
are optimized in the Site Optimization mode of the TracPlanner module.
Select the pad to be optimized and launch the dialog box; the current X
and Y coordinates are displayed. Select the optimization method from
the following:
• Cum MD
• Weighted MD
• Cum directional
• Cost
• Max reach
Site optimization
Plan Optimization
Plan Optimization
The plan optimizer tries to optimize the path by adjusting the kickoff or
mill out depths and altering the penetration point of the targets in the
plan. It will also, upon request, attempt to optimize the plan by making
one or more targets reference targets. If a target is turned into a reference
target and the path still passes through the target within the requested
portion (Maximum Percent to move penetration point), the TracPlanner
module will create a more optimal path. The results are almost
guaranteed to be more optimal than any non-reference option since they
will consist of a straight line from the preceding target to the following
target.
The Grid Utilities dialog box can be accessed from the Tools menu. Use
it to view streams, lakes, or roads using a satellite image. It can also be
used to create a subset of a grid.
• Create targets
• Snap targets
• Print reports
Note
The following are general exercises to demonstrate the main process for creating
plans and targets. During the exercises, you will visualize targets by placing them
on either a grid, a seismic line, or a trace. Since the location of your targets will be
different from the ones picked in the images, these results will be different from
yours. The objective of this chapter is to show you the workflow and the processes.
Creating Plans
The first step to creating a well plan is to create a Project where the
targets are going to reside. Plans and Targets with DSG 5000.10 can
now be up to 140 characters long. The previous limit was 20 characters.
With this change, the OpenWorks software has been modified to support
these new limits and the .wbp format has been extended to support them
as well.
1. In the Well Planning window, right-click the New Project and select
the Rename option.
3. Right-click the new project (NORWAY Well Planning 10) and select
the New Plan option.
Note
It is also possible to turn this option off, by setting the environmental variable
“DSWP_USE_SHORT_NAMES” equal to “true”. Anyone using the old
Wellbore Planner Pointing Dispatcher (PD) interface to link to a product such
as the GeoProbe software, should use this as the PD interface does not support
longer names.
3. On the right side of the window, click the Well Planning Options
( ) icon. This icon also serves as another way to activate the Well
Planning tool. Expand each data type in the Session Data to display
additional data options. Four options are listed under the Actions
panel. Verify that the Pick Target is selected.
Note
This icon may not initially be visible. Either click the downward pointing
arrow to display the Well Planning Options ( ) icon or stretch the box until
the icon appears.
Note
The selection you make using the Actions panel applies to the view that is
active when the selection is made. For example, if the Cube view is active
when you click Pick Target, you can pick targets using the Cube view. If you
switch to Map view, the selection in the Actions panel may be different.
Note the other panels, Basic, Depth, and Pattern. You can use the
Basic panel to specify the parameter you want to use to create
targets, including target size, spacing, type, shape, as well as the plan
you want to associate the target with. You can use the Depth panel
to indicate which surface or 3D grid you want to use to pick targets.
You can use the Pattern panel to create a grid pattern of targets.
After selecting Pick Target, the cursor will display the icon. In
order to place a target, simply click where you would like to place it.
In order to zoom, pan, or rotate, you must select the icon.
5. Place two targets, one on the seismic lines and the other on the
test_countour_grid surface, as shown below.
Note
The targets are automatically connected, as shown in the image above. You
can Undo or Redo at any time by selecting . These icons are located
in the Actions panel and also in the Well Planning window.
8. Right-click the project (NORWAY) and select the New Plan option.
The targets are reflected in the Explorer window beneath the Forest
plan. The icons for each target will be gray if they have not been
assigned to a plan yet.
The icons for each target change to gold, indicating that they are now
assigned to the plan.
11. Targets must be added into the well plan in the order that they will
be drilled. If you need to swap targets in a well plan, you must drag/
drop the targets into the Project, where they will become (gray)
unassigned targets. You can then drag them in the correct order into
the well plan in the order that the drill bit will encounter the targets.
2. Select the Surface Well option from the Plan type drop-down list,
to estimate an appropriate drilling location at the surface.
Note
Your surface location parameters and current plan will be different from the
example shown due to different target locations.
6. Pick two targets - one on the seismic line and the other on the
test_contour_grid. Select the location of your choice.
Note
In the Well Planning window, verify that the NORWAY project is selected
instead of the Forest plan. By keeping the Forest plan selected, creating
targets in the Cube view will continue the well path for the Forest plan instead
of creating targets for a new plan.
7. To extend the new plan to the surface, select Plan Type > Surface
well.
The Forest and Bono plans are displayed in the Cube view.
Note
The display of the log curves has been toggled off for better visibility.
The Red Line parameter values you specify for your well planning
project have to be manually entered and are typically provided by
the drilling engineers on the project. Once you obtain these values,
you can set them for your Well Planning project in the Red Line View
dialog box above.
Values for the Red Line parameters will be the values that you do not
want to exceed in any of the well plans.
2. Select the Parameters tab to view the values for the Red Line
parameters.
To see the Plan or Section view of a well plan, click the icons in
the Well Planning window.
Moving Targets
To move a single target in Plan or Section view, click the target and drag
it to the desired location. To move multiple targets, press the Ctrl key
as you click on the targets that you want to move. Then, while pressing
and holding the Ctrl key, drag one of the selected targets to the desired
location. All selected targets will move, but maintain the same distance
from each other.
To move a target in the Cube view, change the action from Pick Target
mode to Drag mode in the Well Planning Options task pane. The action
defaults to the Pick Target mode; if you do not change it to Drag mode,
you will be creating new targets instead.
There are two choices (tabs) when saving the project: The
OpenWorks software database or an external wbp file.
2. For this exercise, save the well plan as a wbp file by selecting the
WBP File tab. Save it with the name NORWAY.wbp. Your instructor
will direct you to the folder in which to save the well plan.
2. Verify that the Pick Target option is selected in the Actions panel.
• Select the Perpendicular offset check box and set its value as
- 100 m. The negative sign (-) will place the target 100 m above
the surface grid.
The targets display in the Well Planning window and are now part
of the Silver plan.
6. In the Well Planning window, extend the Silver plan to the surface
and enter an elevation of 10 m.
Snapping Targets
In this section, you will snap the targets in the current well plan to make
them perpendicular to the plan. This feature is useful in highly deviated
and horizontal well plans, where the target is parallel or nearly parallel
to the plan.
3. The Cube view displays how the targets are now oriented
perpendicular to the well path.
Before snapping the targets, they are parallel to the surface grid.
Survey Tools
Confirm that the MWD is the default survey tool by performing the
following steps:
1. Select Tools > Survey Tool Editor from the Well Planning window.
3. Select the MWD, MWD - Standard* option from the Survey Tools
section, and make sure that the * Default check box is selected.
Note
If you do not see this tool in the list, click the Import button and select the
MWD.ipm file from the folder indicated by your instructor.
Uncertainty Calculations
Uncertainty Calculations creates error ellipses to visually illustrate the
positional uncertainty of the well path, based on the survey tool used.
This is especially useful when drilling in tight formations, such as near
a fault.
3. Click OK.
Ellipses of uncertainty are displayed around the well paths. You can
zoom in to better see them.
1. In the Well Planning tool, save the project by clicking the icon.
• Close only the Well Planning tool, and then reopen it.
Grab Handles
By clicking a grab handle, it changes into a target that can be dragged to
a new location. The plan will automatically be recalculated to
accommodate the change.
1. Right-click the Silver plan and select the Well Plan Properties
option from the menu.
2. Select the Show grab handles check box and leave the default
spacing at 500 m.
3. Click OK.
The grab handles display along the Silver well path every 50 m. If
required, manipulate the grab handle spacing in order to better fit
your well plan.
4. Click the Select/Drag icon and select any one of the grab
handles and move it around. Note how the Silver plan changes in
the viewer as well as the spreadsheet.
After you move a grab handle, it changes color from green to blue.
5. Launch the Well Plan Properties window again and clear the
Show grab handles check box.
6. Click OK.
3. Click OK.
1. From the Well Planning Explorer window, select the Forest well
plan.
3. Select the Manual check box and set the following parameters:
4. Repeat the process by adding another section. Ensure that you click
the last empty row first.
5. View the new extensions of the plan in the current plan and in the
Cube view.
6. Turn off Add Planning Section mode by clicking the first row of the
Current Plan.
• Slant
• S Well
• Build Turn
• Dogleg Toolface
• Hold Optimum Align
• Nudge
Note
The following information is for your knowledge only, and is not included as a part
of this exercise.
1. Select the TracPlanner module, and then select the Advanced Plan
Editor mode.
You can use the Advanced Plan Editor in two different ways. The first
way is to edit an existing plan.
To do so, use the grid section at the top of the editor to view or change
the plan. The grid is always present and displays the geometry data for
the plan trajectory. Each row in the plan grid is equivalent to a survey
station or change point. In the grid, a plan section can contain between
1 and 6 rows, and the full plan trajectory can contain a number of plan
sections joined together at tie-on lines.
If you are editing the plan, you can use the Insert and Delete buttons as
follows:
• To remove the inserted line, click the Undo ( ) icon located in the
toolbar.
The second way you can use the Advanced Plan Editor is to create a
plan.
• 1st hold len: Length of initial hold section before the kick-off.
Enter zero if you do not want any length before the kick-off.
• Final hold: The distance from the end of the last build to the
target. Enter zero if you do not want any straight section before
the target.
Printing Reports
The Well Planning tool has a report format that provides the directional
survey data of the plan and target information.
1. Right-click the Silver well plan and select the Reports option from
the menu.
2. Select the Standard Well Plan option from the Available reports
drop-down list.
browser window.
The Target Editor window displays. Use the Target Editor to define
target location, display properties, and shape; and for managing
several targets on a wellbore or a site.
2. To change the name, enter the new name over the old one in the
Name field. Enter Control-A as the new name and press Enter.
Note
Use the Targets pane (beneath the schematic) to quickly switch between
editing targets by selecting from the list. Be sure to note the other options
available in the Target Editor.
• Creating sidetracks
• Sidetrack options
Creating a Sidetrack
First, you will create a target between the Silver well plan and the 6507/
7-8 well.
1. Verify that the Pick Target option is selected in the Actions panel.
2. Locate the Basic and Depths panes. For the new target:
• Radius is 50 m
4. Place the target between the Silver plan and the 6507/7-8 well.
6. Select Data > Load OpenWorks Wells to load the 6507/7-8 well
to the Well Planning Explorer window.
The Viewer wells option includes only wells that are active in the
Inventory, while the Well List option includes all OpenWorks wells
in the project currently in use.
8. Use the right arrow button to move the 6507/7-8 well to the right
side of the dialog box.
9. Click Close.
The 6507/7-8 well is now part of the Explorer window and can be
selected for a sidetrack.
Note
There must be sufficient sidetrack reach (5000 m) to allow for reach to target from
multiple wells. Also, the Minimum Millout Depth (MD) must be high enough to
allow for greater reach from surrounding wells.
Note
After this dialog box is closed, the Cube view will no longer display the
display possibilities. Ensure you leave this window open while navigating
between the Cube view and the Well Planning tool.
For the target picked for this exercise, there are multiple possibilities
for sidetracks from both the Silver plan and the 6507/7-8 well, as
shown in the Cube view.
For this exercise, you will pick any of the sidetrack possibilities.
Note that your sidetrack possibilities might kickoff from different
well plans (i.e., Forest and Bono well plans) than the ones shown in
the image above.
16. After the sidetrack is created, it is displayed under the plan from
which it kicks off. In this case, the plan is Silver.
17. Play with the sidetrack design by changing the values for Millout
depth, Dogleg severity, and Extend in the Well Planning window.
Observe each change in the Cube view and the Current Plan -
Sidetrack spreadsheet.
18. Set the values back to their original values by clicking the Undo
( ) icon.
19. Save the Well Planning project first and then your session.
20. For practice, exit the DecisionSpace software and launch the
session you just saved (NORWAY Manual Planning).
When calling the session, only session data will display in the main
window. You will need to launch the Well Planning tool to display
the NORWAY project and its plans.
1. In the Well Planning Explorer window, select the well plan that
contains Sidetrack, the newly created sidetrack. Right-click the well
plan and select the Well Plan Properties option from the menu.
2. After the Well Plan Properties dialog box opens, verify that
NORWAY 8 is set as Parameter Set. Then click the Show
Sidetrack Net button.
3. The following parameters were used for the targets picked in this
exercise, but might not be sufficient for the targets you choose:
The sidetrack net displays how far you can reach sidetracking from
the Silver plan while honoring the Red Line parameters and the
sidetrack parameters (Millout depth, Sidetrack length, and
Maximum turn). Try reducing the maximum turn and/or increasing
the sidetrack length to focus the net around the targets.
Can you reach your target under these parameters? If not, try
changing them or changing the Red Line parameters.
1. Select the Bono well plan. The Recommend Surface Location and
the Recommend Kickoff Depth buttons are grayed out until a new
Hold angle is specified.
5. Change the hold angle back to 20° and click the Recommend
Kickoff Depth button.
• Hold angle
Plans can be optimized at both the individual level and the pad level
(that is, all plans under a pad can be optimized at one time). The context
of this optimization is based on what is currently active in the tree. If a
plan is active, the plan optimization will be at the individual plan
penetration point. If a pad is active in the tree, the optimization will
occur for all plans under the pad.
3. Select the Optimize Kick-off Depth check box and set the
following parameters:
shortened and the maximum turn was reduced (green font), while the
max drop was increased (red font).
In this exercise, you will only save the Silver well plan to the database.
However, before you proceed, you will need to remove the other plans
and wells from the well planning project.
3. When deleting the well plans, the targets are released from the
plans. Delete the targets as well.
1. From the Well Planning window, select File > Save Project As and
then select the OpenWorks tab.
3. Click OK.
The save operation could take a few minutes.
Note
Remember that you have not lost any data created in previous exercises using
the TracPlanner software. Everything—plans, targets, and project
information—is contained in the NORWAY.wbp file.
• Create, delete, and edit targets and boundaries in the Target Editor
Project: NORWAY_DSWP
Domain: Depth
Interpreter: LGC
5. Click OK.
Fault: DepthTDQ_Fault-10
Note
Faults can be selected after expanding the Faults tab in the Explorer window.
Similarly, Surface Grids are located under the Mapping tab.
2. Click OK to exit. The fault and surface grid should now be loaded
into the Cube view.
interpreters aware of. Or, you might use lines to indicate boundaries,
roads, gas lines, or cabling systems.
1. From the Well Planning window, select File > Open Project from
> OpenWorks and select the Target Creation project.
This opens a project with a defined lease boundary, in the form of a
polygon. The lease has been extended to total depth, and is depicted
in the Well Planning tool, as well as the Map and Cube views.
Lease
Boundary
Lease
Boundary
13. Click the Apply button and then the Close button.
14. Check buffer zone around the pipeline from target surface to rig
surface.
1. In order to access the Target Editor, ensure you are in the Well
Planning window. Right-click a project or target and select the
Target Editor option from the menu. Alternatively, you can select
Tools > Target Editor.
This opens the Target Editor dialog box with our Boundary1 target
already loaded:
Within the Target Editor, you can edit, create, and delete targets for
your well plans.
4. Click OK.
When working within the Target Editor, you can easily switch
between targets by selecting from the list in the Targets panel.
10. Set the value of the Orientation, Dip, and Azimuth fields to 0.
The Orientation field specifies the direction that the shape is facing,
while the Dip is the inclination of the target from the horizon.
Azimuth refers to the direction of the point of the maximum dip (in
degrees clockwise from North).
11. Set the X and Y offset to 0 m each. This indicates that the target is
set to penetrate the target in the center. In order to penetrate off-
center, you can change the values in these fields to reflect that.
12. Select the Name and Location tab. This tab is used to edit target
properties related to location, type, and color.
13. Ensure that the Type option is selected and change it to Target.
14. Next ensure that the Opt. align angle drop-down is set to
Unlocked, while the Movement drop-down is set to Locked.
If the Opt Align Angle is set to Locked, and the planning method is
set to Optimum Align, then the algorithm will force the well path to
intersect the target in a perpendicular manner. Otherwise, it will
intersect the target at an angle that points toward the next target (or
away from previous if it is the last target).
Note
The Vertical Depth and Center Location panes are populated with the
parameters previous inputted.
Note
Name: TARGET A1
Color: Green
Movement: Locked
Geometry Tab
Shape: Circle
Radius: 50 m
Up distance: 0m
Down distance: 0m
1. Right-click the Target Creation project and select the New Plan
option from the menu.
5. Extend the plan to the surface by selecting the Surface Well option
from the Plan type drop-down.
This reveals more options. Here, you can input the appropriate
parameters of your platform, including surface coordinates,
elevation, kickoff depth, and hold angle.
The Cube and Map view, updated with the surface location
coordinates entered, are shown here.
The following information is for your knowledge only and is not included as a part
of this exercise.
When the Pick Site option is selected under the Actions panel, the
options under the Basic and Depths panels update to accommodate
picking a site location.
Notice, the Basic panel now allows you to choose from placing a surface
well or a platform. The platform type can be chosen from the drop-
down. The basic panel is populated with the platforms defined in the
Platform Type Editor (described in later sections).
The Depths panel allows you to specify the rig floor height using a fixed
depth or relative to a surface. In addition, you can specify ground level
or water depth, depending if the well is onshore or offshore.
Flip Surface allows you to change the sign of the vertical component of
a surface grid (depth or time).
Note
The Pattern panel allows you to set a pattern of sites in the same way
done for targets.
The Cube view will reflect the site or surface well that you have picked.
4. Click OK.
Here you can read the TVD (Subsea) for this target, indicating that
this is the depth at which the well plan intersects the geological
feature of focus. In our case, this depth is 2450.29 m.
These outputs are valuable pieces of data used in well prognoses and
other reports. This tool allows you to rapidly calculate this
information for many wells and well plans and easily export them.
The WBA workspace is divided into two parts. The upper panel is
reserved for selecting the desired wells or well plans to include in the
tool’s analysis. The bottom panel allows you to select the desired
data type to use for the analysis.
There are options for geophysical data (the 3D Surveys and 3D Grids
tabs), as well as geological data (the Surface Grids and Horizons
tabs).
The upper portion displays the Wells tab by default. When selected,
the Select wells panel is revealed, containing the Well List drop-
down menu and a space to display the wells attributed to a selected
well list.
Note that the Well List drop-down menu in the Wells tab, and the
Well Planning Project drop-down menu in the Well Plan tab
contain only data loaded in the session. This is also true for the
geoscience data in the tabs below them.
Note
In order to incorporate well plans into the analysis, they must first be saved as
OpenWorks wells by clicking anywhere within the Well Planning tool hierarchy and
then selecting Data > Save as OpenWorks wells. Then select the wells of interest
and a well list if preferred, and click OK. If not saved to a well list, the well plan(s)
will be included in the ALL_WELLS well list.
We will first create a log curve for a set of wells based upon the
geophysical data from a 3D seismic volume:
3D Surveys: fusion
3. Click the Select All ( ) icon to select all the listed wells.
View the logs against the actual wells, snapped to the seismic, in
the Section view:
3. Make sure to select the option to create a new surface in the Surface
column.
4. Click Apply.
This creates surface picks for the selected wells. A Wellbore
Analyzer Status Report appears once the task is complete.
Importing Targets
1. If not already open, launch the Well Planning software by selecting
Tools > Well Planning.
VSS (TVDSS): 4
Target name: 1
Lines to skip: 1
7. Click OK.
The Target Import dialog box appears, describing the number of
targets that will be loaded.
8. Click Yes.
The targets are imported and displayed in the Cube view and Map view.
In the Map view, the surface grid and fault were set to invisible to aid in
visibility.
2. Click Parm. Controller. This opens the dialog box that controls the
target parameters displayed.
• Northing
• Easting
• TVD-RKB
Note
You can drag the columns to the desired order. In addition, after selecting
cells, you can press Ctrl+C and then paste into Microsoft® Excel.
5. Select the icon at the top of the dialog box. This opens the
Column Management Tool, where you can select desired columns
to be displayed.
• Target
• Northing
• Easting
• TVDSS
Note
You can search for specific targets and/or their attributes by typing in the Look
for field at the top of the dialog box. Use the picklist next to the field to
indicate which attribute you are searching in. The items in this picklist will
reflect which columns you have chosen to be displayed. Click the search
icon or filter icon to see results.
7. Click the Export button and save to the computer desktop. This
saves the parameters as a.csv file that can be imported into other
applications, such as Microsoft® Excel.
The Targets tab supports polygonal targets. You cannot edit the
polygons within the spreadsheet but you can change the target shape-
type (e.g. from polygonal to rectangular).
Use this spreadsheet to simultaneously edit all target data for selected
targets. Once an edit is made, it can be applied to all selected targets.
The filter and column selector are used in the same manner as in the
Target Parameters dialog box.
2. We are only interested in seeing the targets that are deeper than
2500 m. In order to do this, we must open the Advanced Search
and Filter feature by clicking the icon. This opens the
Advanced Search/Filter dialog box.
3. In the TVD row, select the greater than option from the picklist
and enter 2500 (m) in the Value column.
The Target Spreadsheet Editor now only displays targets that are
deeper than 2500 m.
5. Change the first target color to red by clicking the Color box and
selecting red.
6. Select all the targets displayed in the Target Spreadsheet Editor and
click the Apply Last Edit to Selected button. This applies the red
color to all of the targets that are deeper than 2500.
Note
You can only edit one cell value at a time. If you want to change more than
one value to apply to all, you must repeat the steps.
Exporting Polygons
When creating lease boundaries or other hazards, it might be beneficial
to export that polygon.
This opens a basic Save dialog box, except with two additional
options:
• Comma separated
2. Select the Comma separated check box and save to the computer
desktop.
3. Open the file with a program like Notepad to see the results.
If you select the Include center point check box, the center point
will be exported as the first point.
AssetPlanner
Field Development Planning
Landmark's AssetPlanner application enables asset teams to generate field development
scenarios; including target generation, path planning, platform requirements/positioning, and
perforation intervals; automatically in the 2D and 3D visualization environment of the
DecisionSpace software.
The AssetPlanner software, using designated sets of targets supplied by an asset team, generates
time and cost information, including contingency costs, for individual plans as well as for the
entire development prospect. Users can quickly determine if development plans are within budget
or if they meet economic and time thresholds. Development scenarios can be quickly regenerated
based on planning or requirement changes, enabling asset teams to iterate rapidly through
planning scenarios and fine tune them to meet geologic, engineering, and economic objectives.
This application is invaluable in the early stages of offshore platform development and
unconventional development planning.
In addition to using AssetPlanner with imported target sets, Classic Targeting and Basic Planning
options were created with the goal of providing well paths that hit the high pay spots within the
3D reservoir models. These can be used for simulation purposes. They are not really suitable for
doing actual field development work, but may help to organize practical platform positioning for
the highest density of targets and aid in selecting actual target locations.
Using Classic Targeting, you will learn how to perform automatic target generation in 3D seismic
or reservoir models, automatic well planning to hit those targets, cost estimation, general
configuration of sites, platform, plan types, and other parameters needed to execute the rapid field
development planning workflow.
Overview
Auto-Targeting
Targeting - Classic
Use Classic mode for auto-targeting. Targets can be created from
seismic location data or from a 3D grid with rock properties. To use this
functionality, the user will need to have seismic data or a 3D grid loaded.
The example below shows a 3D grid file that contains rock properties
such as porosity, permeability, oil saturation, and water saturation.
In the previous image, a 3D model has been loaded from a vdb file. The
Objective Property is phie2_1 (Porosity). There are two filters used to
generate targets that will honor those formation properties values
constraints, phie and KLayer.
• Sum prop. across spacing radius considers the size of the target in
AssetPlanner software with respect to the property to be
maximized. If deselected, there may be targets that have a high SO
value at the center, but very poor SO values towards the peripheral
of the target. If you are simply looking for the highest values, leave
this unchecked. If you want to consider the value across the entire
target geometry, check it.
• Vertical offset determines the distance (if any) of the target offset
from where the AssetPlanner software positions the target in TVD.
Negative offsets are above and positive are below. You may want to
use Vertical offset if targeting against an OpenWorks software
contact.
Note
Auto-targeting can be done in phases. If you want to change the filter criteria and
regenerate the target set, you must use the Undo feature to remove the current
targets for that type prior to regenerating them.
Targeting - Pattern
Use Pattern targeting to create a pattern of multiple targets for standard
producer/injector patterns. This feature does not use an inverted pattern
for injectors. Instead, it uses the Primary Target tab for one target type
and the Secondary Target tab for another target type. The targets created
using this tab are intended for single target vertical or S-shaped wells
rather than for horizontal wells.
More details about this targeting method will be provided in the exercise
section.
Planning
Once you have created or imported a set of targets, the next step is to
create the well plans. In the Planning tab, there are two sub-tabs: Sites
and Plans. The Sites tab specifies the platform requirements, while the
Plans tab specifies the plan requirements and constraints.
Sites Tab
In the Sites tab, you specify pad/platform requirements. The tab has sub-
sections where you specify different requirements.
Site Section
• Override Targets per slot overrides the number of targets per slot
by the number entered. the AssetPlanner software has to estimate
how many targets each slot will use on average when trying to
determine how many targets each platform can hit.
If you have only one plan type with single target selected or multi-
target selected, it is straightforward.
If you have S-shaped wells and both single- and multi-targets are
selected, the AssetPlanner software will estimate 1.3 targets per slot.
The targets will almost never be lined up well enough to create
multi-target S-shaped wells. Use this option to indicate how many
targets per well you want to use. If this box is not selected, the
AssetPlanner software determines how many targets to allocate to a
slot. Use the Calculate button to view the targets per slot determined
by the AssetPlanner software. Also, if you know that there are very
few cases in which a target at the upper surface does not have a
lower-surface target directly below it in your dataset, you might
want to change the Override targets per slot option from 1.3 to 2,
as that is much closer to what you will actually get.
• Calculate shows what calculation the software will use before you
override it.
There are numerous platform types available for use in the Platform
Type Editor. You should tell the AssetPlanner software what platform
type(s) you want to use in the analysis. Remember, this is critical from
a cost perspective as well as from a capacity standpoint with respect to
how many plans can be drilled from the platform.
You should always make sure the parameters are set correctly in the
Platform Type Editor for the platforms you plan on using. In order to use
platform types, select them and move them to the Selected column.
You can specify more than one platform type and how many of each
should be used. If you are using different platform types, the order in
which the types are placed makes a difference. The planning starts at the
top of the selected list, then moves down accordingly. Since there is a
good chance you will not put enough platforms in the list to complete
the planning, the software assumes that the last platform type in the list
is to be used to fill out the remainder of the field regardless of the
number entered for that type. This means any number entered for the last
platform type is irrelevant.
So, if you request one Tension Leg Platform (TLP), four Mini-TLPs, and
Subsea Tiebacks (in that order), the AssetPlanner software first creates
a TLP. If that is sufficient for the number of platforms or percentage of
targets to cover, nothing else is created. If that is not sufficient, it will
create up to four Mini-TLPs. Then, if more platforms are needed, it will
create as many Subsea Tiebacks as needed until either the fixed number
of platforms or the platform coverage has been reached.
The Use Grid option allows you to position a pad using grid information
(topographic grid or others). Based on your selection, the pad could be
placed above the grid.
If you select this check box to select a grid from the drop-down menu,
the drop-down list will be populated with surface grids you have loaded.
However, if you do not have any surface grids loaded, the drop-down
list will be empty.
— Fixed indicates that you are on land or that you do not have a
grid and are estimating the water depth. Use the associated field
to specify the water depth.
Plans Tab
After completing the site/platform requirements, the planning phase can
be started. The Plans tab is used to define what types of plans should be
designed both from a plan type perspective as well as the constraints
used in designing the trajectory.
• Dogleg severity specifies the desired dogleg severity for the plans.
If zero is entered, the values from the red line parameter set will be
used. This is useful if you want to vary the dogleg based on depth.
Remember, this is a desired dogleg, and the AssetPlanner software
will go higher if necessary to plan the well. On the other hand, if the
results in the plan turn too sharply or drop too fast, the plan will be
flagged and will not be computed.
• Maximum turn rate specifies the maximum turn rate for the plans.
• Maximum drop rate specifies the maximum drop rate for the
plans.
Miscellaneous Section:
• Value targets by ensures (in most cases) that the highest- ranked
targets are hit first. This is good for cases where all of the targets
might not be hit. When targets are auto-generated, they get an AWT
value (weighting) based on the properties used to generate the
targets. If you have created or imported a specified ranking criteria
in the Target Parameters dialog box, you may use those values as
well.
Since the majority of the planning parameters were defined in the Basic
mode section, only those specific to the Advanced Mode will be
discussed here. The main difference is the availability of different plan
types in the Available Plan Types section.
• Target type defines the target type that will be reached by this
directional profile or plan type. This drop-down menu is populated
with the target types generated in the AssetPlanner software.
• Single target wells indicates that planning single target wells using
the plan type is acceptable.
• Extension projects the plan a certain distance past the last target.
An example of this would be a rat hole.
• Apply Kickoff DLS is used for plans with two build sections such
as S-Well and Horizontal wells. Allows the user to input an
additional DLS upon kicking off and the original Desired dogleg
severity field will then be used to hit the target. In the case of a
Slant well, only Apply Kickoff DLS will be used if it is selected.
target well when the Multi-target wells check box is selected. This
parameter is useful in horizontal wells because you probably want
to keep the horizontal length between targets at a relatively low
value to prevent AssetPlanner software from creating extremely
long sections.
• Parent well type allows you to select what type of well should be a
candidate for sidetracking. Well types are stored in the OpenWorks
software. This list is populated with values from the wells that have
been loaded into Well Planning and plan types for existing plans in
the Well Planning project.
Various planning templates can be configured and stored for later use (a
combination of plan types and parameters). Click the Save Plan Setup
button to name the planning set (conventional low angle wells, high
angle sidetracks) and store it as a template. When working in a different
project, retrieve templates by clicking the Retrieve Plan Setup button.
Auto-Planning Results
There are four different buttons you can use to generate results. They
are:
• Cull Platform removes one platform from the analysis. This option
can be used to identify the least valuable platform, adjust platforms
and plans when that platform is removed, and then analyze results.
Each time you click the Cull Platform button, a platform is
removed. Click the Undo ( ) icon to add the platform back to the
analysis. You will be prompted before continuing:
Results Panel
The results panel summarizes the plan’s statistics. The results are
displayed after you create the well plans.
The Results panel shows the planning scenario run. It includes details on
the number and type of targets hit, the number of wells, total footage,
and more.
The Diagnose button is very useful when you try to alter the parameters
to optimize a given scenario. It shows you why the targets could not be
mode. For instance, if you have 50 targets in the scene, you can
automatically plan just one of them.
To use this feature, you must have one or more plan types defined in
Advanced Planning mode, and the AssetPlanner software must be the
current application active in Well Planning. Use the Automatic Plans
( ) icon in the 2D view to accomplish this.
Perforations
Perforations Mode
Connection type controls how the well is assembled when the data is
transferred to the Nexus™ software (Landmark’s reservoir simulation
software). If there are multiple completions, it could be assembled as a
Smart Well, where the different completion intervals are controlled
individually, get squeezed individually, and produced individually; or it
could be assembled as a regular completion where all intervals flow
together, and there are no extra valves or tubes. The Smart Well
completion is called Parallel, and the regular completion is called Series.
If perforation intervals are detected below the well, it will extend the
plan to that depth and include the perforations.
The user can test the perforations, in which case it will list the number
of dry holes (i.e. non perforated wells) and the length of perforations on
the wells that are perforated. When the results are satisfactory, you can
generate the perforations by clicking the Create Perforations button.
Results are displayed in the Results panel.
Costs
There are two sub-tabs in the Costs tab. Base Costs and Contingency
Cost used for contingency cost estimation.
Base Costs
These are the definitions for each data input field in this screen:
• Operating day rate: Enter the day rate for surface wells in this
field. For platform wells, this value is specified in the Platform
Type Editor, and can be overridden on a per-platform basis from the
main TracPlanner window.
• Time per well: Enter any additional hours spent on the well in this
field. The day rate will be the only cost used to determine the cost
associated with this time. The base amount of time spent on the
well is derived using the TVD and ROP (rotating and steering)
table on this tab.
• Perf cost is the cost per unit of length of the calculated perforation
intervals.
• Well cost is the cost associated with putting in a pad, roads, surface
hookups, etc for a single surface well. This cost is not used for
platform/pad wells as these costs are included in the platform cost
specified on the Platform Type Editor.
Contingency Costs
You can define contingency costs for both water depth and inclination.
With contingency costs in place, wells that exceed the values specified
in the tables above will be penalized by the percentage increase entered.
The percentage is tacked on to the total computed costs. This is useful
when comparing scenarios that have drastically different plan types.
Once all the cost information is in place, click the Apply button to
compute the total costs and display them in the Results panel.
Integrating GIS
The DecisionSpace Geoscience suite can display and manipulate
Geographic Information System (GIS) data through the DecisionSpace
GIS tool. The DecisionSpace GIS tool gives you access to the
OpenWorks software data, such as wells and seismic navigation, to
create layers or to select data to send to DecisionSpace Geosciences.
The GIS tool also provides access to shape files, raster images, and
graphic databases to generate MXD layers in DecisionSpace and allows
correlation and interpretation of these data.
Files with the MXD extension can contain map descriptions, map
layouts, and embedded objects saved as maps. MXD files are used by
the ESRI company’s ArcMap, as well as other GIS software. The file
format indicates how the map should be displayed in a Cartographic
Reference System (CRS).
Project: MARCELLUS
Domain: Depth
Interpreter: LGC
6. Select File > Select Session Data and under Mapping locate the
following three surface grids:
8. Click OK.
The three surface grids are now loaded in the Cube view.
10. Using the Opacity drop-down menu, change the opacity of the grid
to 0.5 in order to better visualize lateral sections and targets planned
within the formation later.
2. Right-click the World data layer and select the Remove Layer
option from the menu. This is done to scale the GIS image down, so
it can be used in this project.
Once the layer is removed, the GIS project is empty and we can add
data.
Note
For the next step, you may have to navigate (change directories) to find the file
requested. The Add Data dialog box may open in your home directory or other
location. Your instructor can help you find the file.
4. In the Add Data dialog box, click the Rasters ( ) icon, then select
GR_Elderton_cropped_HD1.tif and click Open.
5. A CRS Warning message box will appear because the Raster file
does not have a CRS. However, we know that the CRS of the image
Broadcasted Satellite
image is flat.
3. In the Display Properties dialog box, select the Surface option for
the Grid Type field.
We selected the Surface option since we are draping the image onto
the Ground Elev Elderton surface grid.
4. Click the icon adjacent to the Grid field, to open the Surface
Grid Pick List dialog box.
5. Select Grid ID 88 and click OK to drape the image and return to the
Display Properties dialog box.
Note
The selected Show only currently loaded grids check box indicates that only
surfaces previously brought into the session are listed. If the check box is not
selected, it will cause the window to populate with all surface grids contained within
the OpenWorks project.
6. Verify that the check boxes for Visible, and Use Grid are selected.
Do not select the Invert Z check box. Enabling Invert Z causes the
elevation (z-values) to become positive values if previously
negative and vice-versa. Doing so here would render the elevation
values inaccurate.
Note
This allows for cross-disciplinary teams who use different depth value conventions
to work in the same space easily.
Selecting the other three checkboxes allows the satellite image map
to display in the viewers (Visible) over the same area as the target
surface (Clip to AOI). In addition, the elevation attributes from the
Ground Elevation surface grid have now been merged with the
image (Use Grid).
Note
Your image should be similar, but might vary according to the Z value.
The image layer is on the same plane as the elevation layer in the
Cube view. This causes them to compete for the display if both are
visible in the session, which gives you the pixelated effect seen
above.
8. Toggle Off the visibility for the Ground Elev Elderton target
surface.
9. Return to the session data by selecting File > Select Session Data
or by clicking the icon.
The modified MXD map is now displayed in the lower portion of the
Select Session Data window, under the Maps tab, and you can see
the properties you attributed to it.
• lake
• school
2. Click OK.
The View From Top ( ) icon is located in the icon menu bar
between the Inventory and viewing space in the main session
window. Clicking this icon changes the orientation of the Cube view
so that we can view the data from the top and still rotate if desired.
Right-click the View From Top icon to reveal quick-reference
views:
1. Select File > Save Session As from the main session window.
Sessions are saved to the computer, not to OpenWorks. Note the file
save location for future reference. This location is modifiable and
located directly below the Available Sessions title.
Note
Ensure that every session saved is given a unique and identifiable name, especially
when different parameter combinations are being tested for the same field.
When you restore (open existing) sessions, you restore both the previous
data source connections and the data objects. Sessions are restored with
their frames recreated in their most recent state and location.
Note the Available Sessions panel. This lists all sessions in the text field
specified above the table. The table lists the sessions by Session Name
and Last Opened Time, with the last opened session listed first. When
you click the Browse ( ) icon, the Open dialog box appears, allowing
you to browse and select a path where the sessions are stored.
You will often see sessions that are with the prefix backup. When the
software or operating machine is forced to close or shutdown, a
backup file of the session is available in order for you to resume
work immediately.
Although the GeoShapers are loaded into the Inventory and are
visible in the viewer, we must specify them as hazards.
5. Select the check boxes adjacent to school and lake to convert the
Geoshapers to hazards.
10. Right-click the target and select the Target Editor option.
The Target Editor opens to the Name and Location tab by default.
11. Select the Locked option from the Movement drop-down for both
hazards, to prevent any accidental movement of the hazards.
Note
Use the Targets panel beneath the schematic to easily move between targets.
13. Enter 8000 in the Down distance field. Do this for both the Lake
Hazard and the School Hazard. This defines the hazard depth
14. Click Close to exit the Target Editor and return to the main session
window.
We now have completed the setup of our field in order to design sites,
laterals, and complete field plans.
Below is the 2D Plan view of our field, showing all targets thus far. The
hazards are pink, the boundary portions yellow, and lease line blue.
The space between the boundaries that represents the east and west lease
portions is the lease road. You can see this road in the Cube view by
zooming in on the satellite image we previously merged.
lake hazard.
Lease Road.
School hazard.
1. Select Tools > Platform Type Editor from the Well Planning
window to create custom pad types.
In the top pane exists a list of the current pad and platform types with
their associated properties. The bottom pane shows the display
layers attributed to the selected site type in the top pane.
2. Click the New button located at the bottom of the top pane. By
default, this creates a new line in the type list with the pad type,
new.
Category: Onshore
Number Slots: 8
Cost: 300,000
Since we are operating onshore, this pad is not designed for water
immersion.
4. In the bottom pane, Delete all rows except for the top one. Design
the pad to be depicted as a Triangle with the parameters shown
here.
5. Click Save, then Close to exit the Platform Type Editor. We have
designed the pad type now.
This is half of the full design of a pad; the slot design is the other
portion.
Note
In order to plan laterals, best practice is to, at minimum, define the number of slots
on a pad so that the software can calculate the optimal number of pads needed
accommodate laterals in a field plan. The slot design in the template editors dictates
the size of the pad for analysis, as well as slot location for plan allocation.
You should see the well planning hierarchy with two Hazards,
represented by red triangles and three Boundaries, and represented
by red squares.
2. Select the Horizontal tab to reveal the options for creating laterals,
or stubs. Laterals consist of a heel (landing point) and a toe (bottom
hole location).
Profile:
Pattern:
Spacing:
Limits:
Do not click the Create Targets button or the Create Pads only
button.
4. Select the Position tab and select / enter the following parameters:
Orientation:
Positioning:
Surface Elevation:
OW_Ground_Elevation
Extent: 200 ft
Note that selecting the Exhaustive search check box can result in
longer than usual times to produce results.
Do not click the Create Targets button or the Create Pads only
button.
The Primary Heel and Primary Toe tabs will look almost identical.
These tabs define the end points of the lateral, also known as the
landing point (heel) and the bottom hole location (toe).
5. Enter the exact values in the Primary Heel tab, as shown in the
image below in order to define the field plan’s primary heels.
Do not click the Create Targets button or the Create Pads only
button.
6. In the Primary Toe tab, click the Copy from Heel button to auto-
populate the data fields with the same values from the Primary
Heel tab.
8. Click Yes when the software requests to turn off unused locations.
Doing so will give you more accurate Result tables.
Note
The site and lateral positions were calculated based upon their respective
parameters as well as the other’s parameters. This greatly aids optimization when
pads are optimized to targets while targets are optimized to pads simultaneously.
Ensure that when creating sites or laterals, the parameters for both have been
inputted.
9. Review the Results panel on the right side of the Well Planning tool
and observe your lateral and site positions in the Map and Cube
views.
In your workflows, if the results are undesirable, you can click Undo
and modify various parameters to better optimize your lateral field
plan. The AssetPlanner module gives you the ability to generate and
view field plans quickly with many iterations in order to create an
optimized field plan based on your specific needs.
3. Click OK.
If there is any data in the Well Planning tree that is not selected, you
will be prompted to either Save All Data or to Save Visible Data
Only.
3. Select the Geometry tab and name the template Elderton 8 Slot.
The drop-down menu above the tabs contains the names of each
active slot template for the selected pad. You can select Add
Template from the menu to create a template to apply in addition to
In order to save the entire slot template setup, you must use the Save
Setup feature in the Slots tab, as outlined later in the exercise. Note
that once the template is saved, the drop-down menu remains
populated with each individual template applied to the selected pad
when the overall template was saved.
— Use Short Name to specify the name used to precede the slot
number in a regular pattern. Therefore, ELD- would lead to
automated slot numbering that started with ELD-1, ELD-2, etc.
— Use Center N/S and E/W to specify the starting reference
coordinates for the template relative to the site center. This
location will become the center of a circular pattern or the top-
left slot of a rectangular pattern.
7. For the other parameters in the Geometry tab, enter the following:
left slot X-axis and Y-axis for the X and Y coordinates of the
top left slot.
— Enter 4 in the Number of rows field. This is used to specify the
number of rows the template has.
— Enter 2 in the Number of cols field. This is used to specify the
number of columns the template has.
— Enter 65 ft in the Y – spacing field. This is used to specify the
distance between the slots in the direction of the Y-axis.
— Enter 30 ft in the X – spacing field. This is used to specify the
distance between the slots in the direction of the X-axis.
— Enter 45 deg in the Rotation angle of Y-axis field. This is used
to indicate the template rotation.
8. Select the Slots tab. Here we can see each slot we created in the
Geometry tab, along with its associated offsets and coordinates.
Your coordinates may be different than the image below, due to
differing pad locations and pad selected.
Note the options to Add and Remove. You can click these to add a
slot to enter the coordinates and type or remove one if needed. We
have created slots using the Geometry tab. Therefore, they are all
grouped as one singled entity. In order to edit individual slots, you
can use the Split button, but do not click this now.
Note
When you click Split, you convert a multi-slot template into a group of single-slot
templates that can be edited individually.
Caution: There is not an un-split option, so, if you do a split, Undo is the only way
to get back to the single multi-slot template. Templates are defined by a description
of the geometry (3x4 rectangle, etc.) rather than by a list of individual slots.
Sometimes, the geometry does not exactly describe the scenario that you have in
mind. One of the slots may need to be moved a bit or several of them (but not all)
may need to be reserved for a particular type of well. In such a scenario, Split
enables you to achieve this objective. In addition, Import can import a group of slot
locations that form an irregular pattern.
10. Select the Save as Default check box, save the template setup as
Elderton 8 Slot Template, and click OK to exit back to the
Template Editor.
We have just saved this template to the OpenWorks database and can
use the Retrieve Setup button to use it in the future on other pads.
However, by selecting the Save As Default check box, any new
pads created will automatically be assigned this template. To delete
a setup, click the Delete Setup button and select the setup you want
removed from the list of templates. You should only see the
11. Exit the Template Editor to return to the Well Planning tool.
Note the values located next to the Edit Template button. The
numbers below indicate that this pad has 8 slots assigned to it, with
0 wells currently planned or existing from that pad. The Type drop-
down menu refers to the pad type and contains all pad types listed
in the Platform Type Editor. Do not change the Type attributed to
this pad. Leave as the Elderton 8 Slot pad type.
12. Select File > Save Session to save your session and Well Planning
project.
• Refine the rig and slot templates used based on the well plan results
The Sites and Plans tabs appear. The Sites tab determines the
information used to create the sites (platforms, pads, etc.). The Plans
tab is used to enter information about well trajectory over a field
level.
2. Ensure that the Use existing platforms option is selected in the Site
section of the Sites tab.
3. In the Plans tab, select the Advanced Mode option and verify there
are two rows of Horizontal Plan Types in the Selected column.
4. Click the Edit button adjacent to the first Horizontal Plan Type and
enter the following parameters :
Horizontal 1
Extension: 0 ft
Zone thickness: 50 ft
6. Click the Edit button adjacent to the second Horizontal Plan Type
and enter the following parameters:
Horizontal 2
Extension: 0 ft
Zone thickness: 50 ft
7. Leave the Min reach = 0 and Max reach = 20000, which are the
extremes of the program. This will allow the software the greatest
freedom in well planning output. Leave all other fields as default
and click OK.
Note
Cube view
Map view
Note that if your parameters are set up such that the results exceed
your Redline Parameters, the well trajectory will be highlighted in
red as shown in the example here.
Note
This is an example of changing your Redline Parameters. You may not need to do
this in your own workflow.
12. Select Window > Redline View... in the Well Planning tool.
The Red Line View dialog box appears with the View tab selected by
default.
14. You were previously working in Grid North. Change this to True
North. You can switch between these options at any time. To
visualize this, select a well path, and go to the TracPlanner
module.
15. Change the North Reference to True and see the differences in the
Azimuth and Local coordinates.
Note
Changing the North Reference affects the current display and any future
calculations performed. Previously generated calculations are not affected. Your
results may vary slightly due to variations in parameters.
Note
1. In the Well Planning tool, click Tools > Field Level Template.
The Field Level Template Management dialog box appears.
2. The Pad Types tab is used to refine the Pad type based on the
number of slots used.
No changes will be in the Pad types tab. The well plans will be
modified later as more information becomes available.
3. Select the Assignment tab and assign the Elderton 8 Slot Template
to the Elderton 8 Slot Platform Type.
4. Click Apply.
Build/Hold: Select
9. Click the Evaluate button to analyze the separation factor for each
well plan.
10. Since we want to minimize directional drilling, click Yes to turn off
the platforms that do not have separation issues.
Note
Note that the pads without collision issues are now cleared in the
Well Planning window.
13. Select all the Pads in the Well Planning window to see the results of
slot allocation and nudging.
Cube view
2. Modify the table so that it matches the screen shot shown here.
6. Click the Name column header to organize the list by Plan name so
that plans are easier find.
7. Change the Status of the Pad 10 Plan – 2 well, or any other well plan, to
Drilled by using the drop-down menu in the spreadsheet.
Note that you can rearrange the column order by clicking and
dragging the column header.
8. Press and hold <Ctrl> and select each plan under Pad 13. When they are
selected, they will be highlighted in yellow as shown here.
9. Click the Apply Last Edit to Selected button to change all their statuses
to Drilled (like we did for Pad 12 Plan – 3).
13. Under the Coloring section, select the By Status option for the
Plan coloring scheme drop-down menu.
Cube view
Map view
Note
Permitted wells had their surface locations staked by surveyors, but the
well trajectory could be re-planned as long as we re-apply for a permit.
Wells that are drilling have already received their permits and have been
spudded, so no changes could be made to surface locations. Changing
their trajectory would be difficult without considerable engineering
analysis.
In this scenario, Pad 13 wells have been rapidly drilled using a batch
drilling process. This is reflected by their red color and drilling status.
The purpose could be for determining if there is hydraulic
communication between laterals.
The Pad 10 Plan – 2 well has completed drilling, and has been fractured
to analyze two characteristics of the reservoir: fracture propagation and
drainage area. It revealed that the horizontal sections could be spaced
further apart.
Since the rig used to drill the well could skid, the wellhead locations of
the other wells on Pad 10 were platted by surveyors. This is reflected by
their purple color.
3. In the Type tab, change the following parameters in the order defined
below, to reflect newly- obtained data:
4. Select the Position tab and select / enter the following parameters:
Infill: Select
Vertical buffer: 50 ft
Re-Plan: Select
Note
6. Click OK.
The software attempts to retain plan names unless they are moved
beyond a certain distance.
When looking at the Map view, note how wells that have a Drilling
status have not been re-planned. However, wells with a Permitted
status have had their lateral spacing changed from 500 ft to 800 ft.
Recall that a reference target is a target that doesn’t control the trajectory
of the well, but rather is a marker of where a particular geological feature
crosses the well plan.
3. Select the Pad 10 Plan 2 well or the plan you worked with earlier
in the Target Spreadsheet Editor.
5. Select the Overall option to model the full extent of the drainage,
and not limited to fractures-only areas.
6. Select the Drainage Area option from the Type drop-down list.
Use Thickness to indicate how thick the fracture areas should be,
making them 3D. Enter 50 ft.
7. Once you have entered in the parameters for your particular plan,
click Apply or OK to create the reference targets, which are our
drainage area models.
Observe the drainage area reference targets.
the Cube and Map view
display the reference target
Area-1 that represents the
drainage area for Pad 10 -
Plan 2, as shown in the Well
Planning tree.
Estimating Costs
The AssetPlanner software generates basic development costs for the
scenarios that it plans. This includes the most significant items like
casing/liner costs, perforation costs, operating day rate, platform costs,
surface well costs, and contingency costs.
Note the Contingency Costs tab. In this tab, you can specify
additional costs to be added to the costs presented in the Base Costs.
Before we enter the values for each of our costing parameters, you
must first determine which items in the Well Planning tree you
would like to have included in the cost analysis by selecting each
person’s Well Planning tree items.
2. Select all pads with well plans assigned to them and clear all other
data items.
3. If you are working in another tab, ensure you have returned to the
Base Costs tab. We will accept most of the default values.
When Operating day rate is not selected, only surface wells will be
included in the analysis. The day rate for pad wells will be the value
specified for the pad type defined in the Platform Type Editor. For
the purposes of this exercise, the Elderton 8 Slot Pad was used and
created with a daily $300,000 rate.
For more information about how the costs for casing, liners, and
perforation are calculated, please refer to section titled “Costs” on
page 3-37.
Note
OpenWorks wells or well plans must first be loaded into the Well Planning tree, and
not simply as a well list in the Inventory tree. Loading them into the Inventory tree
allows for visual referencing, while loading them into the Well Planning tool allows
for digital referencing and analysis. New plans and laterals will treat OpenWorks
wells as hazards to aid in anti-collision. For help on this process, refer to section
titled “Setting the Field Site and Plan Parameters” on page 3-81.
The Total completed cost should not have changed from 0.0. In order
for any of these parameters to take effect, you must click Apply. Do
not click Apply yet.
7. Fill out the rotating and steering rates as shown below. Use the
Insert, Add, and Delete buttons if necessary. This table is read
exactly like the table from the Red Lines Parameters.
8. Click Apply.
The bottom table is for deviated wells, and is used to create a percentage
increase based on deviation.
Note
The Apply button is not specific to each tab. That is, when clicked, it does not
matter which tab is in view. The parameters entered for both tabs will be included
in the cost analysis.
Best practice suggests that you not assume these cost calculations
are reliable predictions for field plan costs. It is much more useful to
use this tool to compare similar projects to determine if the cost-
benefit is worth a risk, or to simply choose the less expensive field
plan.
Note
If you have run and saved previous sessions using a previous release, you may
receive a message indicating that the session is not compatible with the software
release. In this case, you should delete this session and create a new one using data
that is compatible with this version of the application. The quickest method of
reloading the appropriate geoscience data is to create an ISet from the Inventory.
If we plan to reuse these surfaces and faults repeatedly but with varying
complementary data, then by saving the loaded data as an ISet, we can
then add these surfaces and faults quickly to other data that we load to
the Inventory in the future.
1. Continue in the same session you saved at the end of Exercise 3-3.
2. Click the Save ISet from inventory ( ) icon in the Inventory task
pane and save the ISet as MARCELLUS_Mapping.
You have just created an ISet. Now you will be able to load and
access that data very quickly when using other accompanying
geoscience and drilling data for various sessions.
2. To access the ISet functionality, click the ISet ( ) icon at the top
of the Tools task pane. If there were any previously created ISets, they
would be visible:
The Edit/Browse ( ) icon activates the selected ISet and opens the
Edit/Browse tab of the task pane. You can create or add data to
folders in Edit/Browse.
Using the icons beneath the tab name, you can add, delete, load into
your session or remove from your session accordingly.
Using the icons in the upper, horizontal icon menu of the task, you
can deactivate, create, and delete ISets, as well as load and unload
the Session data associated with the selected ISet.
Recall the Elderton Lease from the previous exercises. It is a lease area
modeled by a surface elevation grid that has a satellite image attributed
to it. The satellite image indicates that there is a large road that splits the
Elderton Lease into Elderton West and Elderton East sections. Due to
the nature of the road’s central location and the lease terms, the decision
has been made to utilize the road for facilities placement. If we plan near
the road, our pads will be closer to facilities, thereby reducing our
facilities and production costs. Therefore, we will account for this need
and plan our sites accordingly.
Given the choice, The Well Planning software will often place the heels
of laterals central to the lease boundary to ensure setback criteria is met.
Since the pads are located above or nearly above the heels, we must plan
our heels to be close to the road, and we accomplish this with Dummy
Sites.
Dummy Sites are sites that you can manually pick in a viewer with the
intent of deleting them later. They will be used as brief references for
lateral placement. Using this method, we have more control over where
the software will place the laterals, while still being able to optimize site
and lateral placements. After the laterals are placed in more desirable
areas, we will remove the Dummy Sites and then optimize pad location
based on the new lateral layout and the slot template and pad type
designs that we created in the previous exercises.
1. With the Cube view open and active, navigate to the Inventory tree
in the main session window and toggle On the visibility of the
following three Surface Grids : Base Marcellus_Sesimic, Ground
Elev Elderton & Predicted Top Marcellus. Recall that to toggle
visibility On and Off, you must click the green or gray circle next to
the data item in the Inventory tree.
2. Select File > New Tab > Map from the main session window to
open the Map view.
This places a Map view tab next to the Cube view tab. To view side
by side press <Alt>+M, or right-click on any tab. This opens the
Tab Manager Menu, where the tab layout can be selected.
5. Select File > Open Project From > OpenWorks and open the
Eld_Lease_Road Well Planning project.
6. Select File > Save Project as ... and save the project as
Eld_DummySites, so that we do not accidentally save over our
previous planning methods.
7. In the Map view, toggle Off all data in the Inventory except the
Eld_DummySites Well Planning project.
12. Select the Position tab and enter the following parameters:
14. Select the Primary Toe tab and click the Copy from Heel button to
copy all the parameters from the Primary Heel tab.
17. Go back to the Well Planning window, select the Targeting mode
and go to the Type tab.
This time you will plan infill targets to fill out the lease. The only
change you will make is to ensure the following in the Limits
section:
18. Select the Position tab and enter the following parameters:
20. Now select the Planning mode. The only change you should have
to make in the Sites tab is to select the Use Existing pads option.
A warning dialog box will appear, asking if you want to leave the old
project open. Click Yes.
2. In the Map view of DSG, use the Well Planning Options task pane
to digitize a new polygon with a marked angle on the Base
Marcellus grid, as shown below:
Basic: Boundary
Draw polygon
3. Select Tools > Target Editor from the Well Panning window, to
view your polygon boundary.
4. Select the Geometry tab, and in the Thickness section, enter 8000 ft
in the Down Distance field.
5. In the Cube view, check if the lease boundary extends to the target
surface.
6. In the Well Planning window, select the Targeting mode within the
AssetPlanner module.
Note
The Break boundaries up (into smaller pieces) option is used when you have
complex shaped boundaries and plan to orient wells for maximum fill. This option
is best combined with the Azimuth Range and Defined by boundary shape
orientation options defined on the Position tab.
• In the Positioning section, select the Not Site based option and
the Center option
Note
• Fixed Azimuth
• Azimuth Range
• Line up on Well
• Defined by boundary shape
• Max fill local
• Use grid as azimuth
• Use grid upslope- All laterals < 90o
• Use grid downslope- All laterals > 90o
• Azimuth from boundary parameters (available for third party plugin tools,
exposed for utilization.)
Note
Your lateral arrangement and number will vary depending on the size and shape of
the boundary which you drew. Also, if you do not get differing azimuths, then re-
draw the boundary with more angular irregularity (not 90o angles).
Setback: 50 ft
Setback: 50 ft
3. For the first Horizontal plan, change the following parameters and
click OK:
Laterals Placed with Drag action and Assisted Manual Pad Placement
1. Create a new project named Drag_Assist.
2. Toggle On the Base Marcellus grid so that you know where the
field limits are.
4. In the Well Planning window, select Tools > Target Editor, and
from the Geometry tab change the Thickness Down distance to
8000 ft, in order to project the boundary to the target surface.
5. Click Close.
6. In the Well Planning window, select the Targeting mode from the
AssetPlanner module.
10. Parameters in the Primary Heel and Primary Toe tab remain
unchanged.
12. In the Map view, select the Interpretation > Well Planning Options
tab.
13. Select the Pick site option from the Actions section.
14. Select the Create laterals check box from the Basic section.
15. Select the Use Platform Positioning check box and set a
Maximum movement for assisted manual pad placement of 500 ft.
Note
If your selected location doesn’t meet your site placement rules, it will adjust to a
suitable location within your maximum movement and prompt you the proposed
change. The user can approve, reject or cancel the site placement.
16. In the Well Planning window, select the Planning mode from the
AssetPlanner module. Highlight the Sites tab and switch back to
the main DSG session.
17. In the Map view, and in the Interpretation mode, with all the
above parameters selected in the Well Planning window, click and
hold the location where you want the pad site to be. While holding
the left mouse button, drag the cursor from the pad site, in the
direction that you want the laterals to run. Then release the left
mouse button.
The laterals will be oriented in the direction of your drag. The pad
will be located at the first click of the left mouse button.
of the plan you select, so that you can see the added parameters of
the plan, in the Well Planning Inventory tree:
4. Click OK and view the results in the Map and Cube views.
Radial Targeting
1. Continue using the Frac_Perfs project. In the Inventory, toggle On
the Base Marcellus grid so you know the area of the field.
3. Select the Pick a Target option from the Basic section of the Well
Planning Options task pane and enter / select the rest of the
parameters shown below:
Type: Target
Color: Pink
Prefix: BOUND
Shape: Circle
Radius: 50 ft
4. In the Well Planning window, select Tools > Target Editor and
input parameters as shown below:
Radius: 5000 ft
Targets: Bound 1
6. Find BOUND 1 in the Spreadsheet Editor dialog box and select the
check box in the Boundary column.
Prefix: Pad
Offset: 15 ft
10. Select the Not stacked Profile and Radial Pattern in the Type tab
and enter / select the following parameters:
11. Select the Position tab, take the defaults, but notice the Infill option.
Initial plans are for 4 laterals, but you can elect to create infills. We
will not do so for this exercise.
12. Use the same parameters for the Primary Heel and Primary Toe
tabs as in previous exercises.