Questions & Answers On Extension of Instrument Ranges

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Shunts & Multipliers - Electrical

Measurements Questions and
Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes
This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Shunts and Multipliers”.
1. Range of an electrical instrument depends on

__________
a) current
b) voltage
c) power
d) resistance
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The amount of current safely passing through
the coil of the instrument and the spiral springs. This acts
as the leads of the current to the instrument. As a result, the
range of an electrical instrument depends on the current.
2. Moving coil instruments have a current and voltage rating

of __________
1 of 5 3/19/18, 02:09
a) 100 A and 25 V
b) 50 mA and 50 mV
c) 75 nA and 100 µV
d) 25 µA and 75 V
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Moving coil instruments are designed to
function as Ammeters and Voltmeters. They have a
maximum current carrying capacity of 50 mA with a voltage
rating of 50 mV.
3. A shunt is a __________
a) very high resistance
b) medium resistance
c) very low resistance
d) high resistance
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Usually shunt is a very low value of resistance.
It is connected in parallel with the ammeter coil. Through
this we can extend the range of an ammeter.
4. A shunt can be used to measure large currents.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A shunt is normally a very low value of
resistance, connected in parallel with the ammeter coil. By
making use of a low range ammeter, large current values
2 of 5 3/19/18, 02:09
can be measured through a shunt.
5. Current terminals have a small current capacity.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
resistance, connected in parallel with the ammeter coil. In a
shunt, the current terminals have a large current capacity
and are connected in series.
6. Potential terminals have a __________

a) high current capacity
b) low voltage capacity
c) low current capacity
d) high voltage capacity
View Answer
Answer: c
resistance, connected in parallel with the ammeter coil. In a
shunt, the potential terminals have a low current carrying
capacity. As a result, a low range ammeter is used to
measure the large current.
7. In case of AC ammeters, shunts consist of __________

a) impedance
b) capacitance
c) resistance
d) inductance
View Answer
3 of 5 3/19/18, 02:09
Answer: d
Explanation: AC ammeter shunts comprise of the
inductances of the ammeter as well as the shunt. In order to
extend the range of an AC ammeter, inductances of the
ammeter and the shunt are taken into account.
8. What is the effect of the ammeter range on the shunt

resistance?
a) no effect
b) varies by a factor of multiplying factor
c) varies by a factor of the resistance
d) varies by a factor of unity
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: We know that
N = 1 + Ra⁄Rs
where, N is the multiplying factor
Ra is the ammeter resistance
Rs is the shunt resistance
It is clear from the above equation that in order to increase
the ammeter range by N times, the shunt resistance is
equivalent to 1⁄N-1.
9. A multiplier is __________
a) non-inductive
b) resistive
c) capacitive
d) non-capacitive
View Answer
Answer: a
4 of 5 3/19/18, 02:09
Explanation: A multiplier is basically a non-inductive, high

resistance that is used to extend the range of a D.C.
voltmeter. Multiplier consists of a low range D.C. voltmeter
connected in series with it.
10. What is the condition for using a multiplier in A.C.

voltmeters?
a) by using ac supply
b) by maintaining a uniform impedance
c) by maintaining a uniform frequency
d) by using a galvanometer
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A multiplier can be used for A.C. voltmeters.
The condition to be satisfied is that the total impedance of
the voltmeter and the multiplier circuit must be constant for
a wide range of frequencies.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.
To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers.
5 of 5 3/19/18, 02:09
Instrument Transformers Questions and Answers about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Instrument Transformers
Questions and Answers
by Manish
4 minutes

focuses on “Instrument Transformers”.
1. What is a current transformer?

a) transformer used with an A.C. ammeter
b) transformer used with an D.C. ammeter
c) transformer used with an A.C. voltmeter
d) transformer used with an D.C. voltmeter
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A transformer used to extend the range of an
A.C. ammeter is known as a current transformer. A current
transformer is also abbreviated as C.T.
2. What is a potential transformer?

a) transformer used with an D.C. ammeter
b) transformer used with an A.C. voltmeter
c) transformer used with an D.C. ammeter
d) transformer used with an A.C. voltmeter
1 of 5 3/19/18, 02:10
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A transformer used to extend the range of an
A.C. voltmeter is known as a potential transformer. A
potential transformer is also abbreviated as P.T.
3. C.T. and P.T. are used for _________

a) measuring low current and voltages
b) measuring very low current and voltages
c) measuring high currentsand voltages
d) measuring intermediate currents and voltages
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: C.T. is basically used for the measurement of
high currents. A P.T. is usually used for the measurement
of high voltages. They are used with A.C. ammeters and
voltmeters in order to extend their range.
4. The primary winding of a C.T. has _________

a) a larger number of turns
b) no turns at all
c) intermediate number of turns
d) a few turns
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The primary winding of a C.T. has a very few
number of turns. It is connected in series with the load
circuit through which the primary current flows.
5. The secondary winding of a C.T. has _________
2 of 5 3/19/18, 02:10
a) a large number of turns

b) a few turns
c) no turns at all
d) intermediate number of turns
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Secondary winding of a C.T. has a large
number of turns. It is connected in series to an ammeter
through which a small portion of the current flows through.
6. Turns ration for a C.T. is _________

a) n = Np ⁄ Ns
b) n = Ns ⁄ Np
c) n = 1 ⁄ Np
d) n = Ns
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The turns ratio for a C.T. is defined as the ratio
of the number of turns in the secondary to the number of
turns in the primary. It is given by the relation
n = Ns⁄Np
7. The primary winding of a P.T. has _________

a) intermediate number of turns
b) no turns at all
c) a larger number of turns
d) a few turns
View Answer
Answer: c
3 of 5 3/19/18, 02:10
Explanation: The primary winding of a P.T. has a very large

number of turns. It is connected in parallel with the load
whose voltage is to be measured.
8. The secondary winding of a P.T. has _________

a) a large number of turns
b) intermediate number of turns
c) no turns at all
d) a few turns
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Secondary winding of a P.T. has a few number
of turns. A low range voltmeter is connected in parallel with
the secondary winding.
9. Turns ration for a C.T. is _________

a) n = Np ⁄ Ns
b) n = Ns ⁄ Np
c) n = 1 ⁄ Np
d) n = Ns
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The turns ratio for a P.T. is defined as the ratio
of the number of turns in the primary to the number of turns
in the secondary. It is given by the relation
n = Np⁄Ns.

4 of 5 3/19/18, 02:10

Answers.
5 of 5 3/19/18, 02:10
Electrical Measurements Problems - Sanfoundry about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Electrical Measurements Problems

- Sanfoundry
by Manish
3-4 minutes
This set of Electrical Measurements Problems focuses on

“Advantages of Instrument Transformers”.
1. Instrument transformers can be easily replaced.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The secondary windings of C.T. and P.T. are
standardized. As a result, instruments can be standardized
with the ratings of C.T. and P.T. Hence the instrument
transformers can be replaced with ease.
2. Instrument transformers provide _________

a) electrical isolation from low rated winding
b) electrical isolation from high rated winding
c) electrical isolation from medium rated winding
d) no electrical isolation at all
View Answer
Answer: b
1 of 4 3/19/18, 02:10
Explanation: In an instrument transformer, the low rated

secondary windings provide electrical isolation from the
high rated primary windings.
3. Instrument transformers give same readings irrespective

of number of other instruments connected.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When instruments are used with instrument
transformers, they provide consistent readings. It does not
vary with the instrument constants and the number of
instruments connected in the circuit.
4. C.T. and P.T. are standardized at _________

a) 50 A and 220 V
b) 25 mA and 2.2 kV
c) 5 A and 110 V
d) 75 nA and 1.1 MV
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Current transformers are standardized at 5 A
of secondary winding current, whereas Potential
transformers are standardized at 110 V of secondary
winding voltage.
5. A 5A ammeter can measure a current of upto 1000 A

using a _________
a) 5/1000A C.T.
b) 1000A C.T.
2 of 4 3/19/18, 02:10
c) 5A C.T.
d) 1000/5A C.T.
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: A 1000/5A current transformer can be used for
measuring a current of upto 1000A by making use of an
ammeter with 5A current reading.
6. A 110V voltmeter can measure a voltage of upto 110kV

using a _________
a) 110000/110V P.T.
b) 110000V P.T.
c) 110V P.T.
d) 110/110000V P.T.
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: An 110000/110V potential transformer can be
used for measuring a voltage of upto 110000V by making
use of a voltmeter with 110V voltage reading.
7. How can the meter circuit be isolated from power circuit?

a) by grounding
b) through electrical isolation
c) by physical separation
d) through mechanical isolation
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Leads of the secondary winding transformer
are brought to the switch board thus separating them from
high voltage windings. In this way, the meter circuit is
3 of 4 3/19/18, 02:10
isolated from the high voltage power circuit.
8. How are instrument transformers different from shunts

and multipliers?
a) they are all the same
b) they have transformers
c) readings are independent of component values
d) they can be used for high voltages and currents
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Instrument transformers can be used for
extending the range of the A.C. instruments. In instrument
transformers, readings are independent of the values of R,
L, and C. But in the case of shunts and multipliers, the
readings depend on the values of circuit constants.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements Problems,

here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions
and Answers.
4 of 4 3/19/18, 02:10
Instrument Transformers Ratios Questions and ... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Instrument Transformers Ratios

by Manish
4-5 minutes

focuses on “Ratios of Instrument Transformers”.
1. Transformation ratio of an instrument is defined as

a) ratio of primary to secondary phasor
b) ratio of secondary to primary phasor
c) reciprocal of the primary phasor
d) reciprocal of the secondary phasor
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For an instrument transformer, the
transformation ratio is defined as the ratio of the magnitude
of the actual primary phasor to the magnitude of the
secondary phasor.
2. For a C.T. the transformation ratio is given by the relation

a) R = Is ⁄ Ip
b) R = Ip ⁄ Is
c) R = 1 ⁄ Ip
1 of 6 3/19/18, 02:11
d) R = Ip
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In a current transformer, the transformation
ratio is given by the ratio of the magnitude of the actual
primary current to the magnitude of the actual secondary
current.
R = Ip ⁄ Is
where, R is the transformation ratio
Ip is the actual primary winding current
Is is the actual secondary winding current.
3. For a P.T. the transformation ratio is given by the relation

a) R = Vs ⁄ Vp
b) R = 1 ⁄ Vs
c) R = Vp ⁄ Vs
d) R = Vp
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In a potential transformer, the transformation
ratio is given by the ratio of the magnitude of the actual
primary current to the magnitude of the actual secondary
current.
R = Vp ⁄ Vs
where, R is the transformation ratio
Vp is the actual primary winding voltage
Vs is the actual secondary winding voltage.
4. Nominal ratio of an instrument transformer is defined as

the __________
2 of 6 3/19/18, 02:11
a) reciprocal of the rated primary value

b) ratio of rated secondary value to primary value
c) reciprocal of the rated secondary value
d) ratio of rated primary value to secondary value
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In an instrument transformer, nominal ratio is
defined as the ratio of the rated primary current or voltage
to the rated secondary winding current or voltage.
5. For a C.T. the nominal ratio is given by the relation.
View Answer
Answer: a Explanation: In a current transformer, the

transformation ratio is given by the ratio of the magnitude of
the actual primary current to the magnitude of the actual
secondary current.
where, R is the transformation ratio Ip(rated) is

the rated primary winding current Is(rated) is the rated
secondary winding current.
6. For a P.T. the nominal ratio is given by the relation
3 of 6 3/19/18, 02:11
View Answer
Answer: b Explanation: In a potential transformer, the

transformation ratio is given by the ratio of the magnitude of
the actual primary voltage to the magnitude of the actual
secondary voltage.
where, R is the transformation ratio Vp(rated) is

the rated primary winding voltage Vs(rated) is the rated
secondary winding voltage.
7. Ratio correction factor is defined as _________
a) reciprocal of nominal ratio
b) ratio of nominal ratio to transformation ratio
c) ratio of transformation ratio to nominal ratio
d) reciprocal of transformation ratio
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The ratio correction factor for an instrument
transformer is defined as the ratio of the transformation
ratio to the nominal ratio.
R.C.F = R ⁄ Kn
where,
R.C.F is the ratio correction factor
R is the transformation ratio
4 of 6 3/19/18, 02:11
Kn is the nominal ratio.
8. For a C.T. the turns ratio is defined as the _________

a) n = Np ⁄ Ns
b) n = 1 ⁄ Np
c) n = Ns
d) n = Ns ⁄ Np
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: For a current transformer, the turns ratio is
defined as the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary
winding to the number of turns in the primary winding.
n = Ns ⁄ Np
where, n is the turns ratio
Ns is the secondary turns
Np is the primary turns.
9. For a P.T. the turns ratio is defined as the _________

a) n = Np ⁄ Ns
b) n = 1 ⁄ Np
c) n = Ns
d) n = Ns ⁄ Np
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For a potential transformer, the turns ratio is
defined as the ratio of the number of turns in the primary
winding to the number of turns in the secondary winding.
n = Np ⁄ Ns
5 of 6 3/19/18, 02:11
Np is the primary turns

Ns is the secondary turns.


Answers.
6 of 6 3/19/18, 02:11
Current Transformers Errors - Electrical Meas... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Current Transformers Errors -

Electrical Measurements
by Manish
3-4 minutes

focuses on “Errors in Current Transformers”.
1. Errors are introduced in Current Transformers.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A current transformer is used for the
measurement of very high currents. The use of a C.T. leads
to the introduction of two errors in power measurement.
2. Ratio error is defined as

a) Ratio error = Kn⁄R
b) Ratio error = Kn – R⁄R
c) Ratio error = Kn – R
d) Ratio error = 1⁄R
View Answer
1 of 5 3/19/18, 02:11
Answer: b Explanation: Ratio error of a C.T. is defined as

the ratio of the magnitude of the difference between the
nominal and actual ratio with respect to the actual ratio.
3. Phase angle in a C.T. is defined as
View Answer
Answer: c Explanation: During power measurement, there

exists phase angle error in a C.T. The phase angle is
defined as
where. Im is the
magnetising component of the excitation current Ic is the
core loss component of the excitation current Is is the
4. Phase angle error is given by
View Answer
2 of 5 3/19/18, 02:11
Answer: d Explanation: The power measurement in a C.T.

leads to phase angle error. Phase angle error is given by
the relation
where, θ is the phase angle error Im is the

magnetising component of the excitation current Is is the
5. Ratio error is due to _________
a) iron loss
b) C.T.
c) magnetising component
d) supply voltage
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We know that the ratio error in a C.T. is given
by the relation
Ratio error = Kn – R⁄R = n + Ie⁄Is
where, Ie is the iron loss component of the excitation
current
n is the turns ratio.
6. Phase angle error is due to _________

a) C.T.
b) magnetising component
c) iron loss
d) supply voltage
View Answer
Answer: b Explanation: We know that the phase angle error

in a C.T. is given by the relation
3 of 5 3/19/18, 02:11
where, θ is the phase angle error Im is the

magnetising component of the excitation current Is is the
secondary winding current It is observed from the equation
for the phase angle error that it depends on the magnetising
component of the excitation current.
7. In power measurements 180° phase shift is required.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For eliminating errors in power measurement,
there must be a phase difference of 180° between the
primary and the secondary currents.
8. Errors in a C.T. can be minimised by _________

a) making use of laminations
b) having low reactance
c) increasing the secondary winding turns
d) decreasing the primary winding turns
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The excitation current Io can be minimised
thus eliminating the errors in a C.T. by minimising the iron
loss. The core must have a low iron loss and a minimum
value of leakage reactance.

4 of 5 3/19/18, 02:11

Answers.
5 of 5 3/19/18, 02:11
Current Transformers Design Features Question... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Current Transformers Design

Features Questions and Answers
by Manish
5-6 minutes

focuses on “Design Features of Current Transformers”.
1. The secondary leakage reactance of a C.T.

a) increases its ratio error
b) decreases its ratio error
c) has no effect on its ratio error
d) increases the impedance of the circuit
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The windings in a current transformer must be
kept close so that the secondary leakage reactance is
minimum. Secondary leakage reactance of a C.T. thus
increases its ratio error.
2. Secondary and primary windings consist of ________

a) copper turns
b) 14 S.W.G copper wire and copper strip respectively
c) iron coils wound around
1 of 6 3/19/18, 02:12
d) laminations
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For a current transformer the most popular
form used is the bar primary and ring core construction.
Hence 14 S.W.G copper wire is used for the secondary
winding whereas a copper strip is used for the primary
winding.
3. Coils of a C.T. are separately wound.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A C.T. is used for the measurement of high
magnitudes of current. In order to get lower line voltages,
the coils of a C.T. are wound separately and insulated
through tapes and varnish.
4. The windings of a C.T. are ________

a) tied together
b) shorted
c) wound over one another
d) grounded
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Using cylinders made of Bakelite, the windings
of a C.T. are wound over one another. This setup is
mounted on a steel tank sheet filled with transformer oil.
2 of 6 3/19/18, 02:12
5. At high voltages, the current transformers are enclosed in

a tank.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The current transformers are enclosed in a
tank at high voltages of the order of more than 7 kV. The
tank consists of a solid insulating compound. Since the
cooling is poor, the compound introduces difficulty.
6. Turns compensation is used to obtain ________

a) to compensate the turns
b) to equalise the turns on the windings
c) to protect the equipment
d) transformation ratio equal to nominal ratio
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In a C.T., the transformation ratio is given by
R = n + Ie⁄Is
Ie is the core loss component of the excitation current
Is is the secondary winding current
Turns compensation is used to obtain the transformation
ratio (R) equal to the nominal ratio (Kn).
7. What is the effect of reducing the secondary turns in a

C.T. by 1%?
a) transformation ratio reduces by the same value
b) no effect
3 of 6 3/19/18, 02:12
c) nominal ratio increase by the same value

d) secondary current increases by the same value
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a C.T., the transformation ratio is given by
R = n + Ie⁄Is
Ie is the core loss component of the excitation current
Is is the secondary winding current
As the number of secondary turns is reduced by a factor of
1%, the transformation ratio (R) is reduced by
approximately the same percentage.
8. In a 1000/5 A C.T., the number of secondary turns would

be ________
a) 200
b) 199 or 198
c) 5
d) 1000
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The optimum number of secondary turns in a
C.T. is the value that makes the transformation ratio (R)
and nominal ratio (Kn) equal. It is usually one or two turns
less than the actual value. Thus in a 1000/5 A, though the
number of turns would be 200 ideally, it is considered as
198 or 199 in order to keep R and Kn equal.
9. In the ring type of core, the secondary winding is

________
4 of 6 3/19/18, 02:12
a) non-uniformly distributed over the core

b) shorted with the primary winding
c) uniformly distributed over the core
d) connected in the form of a ring
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The ring type of core used for a secondary
winding is a jointless core. It has a very small leakage
reactance. Hence in a ring type of core, the secondary
winding is uniformly distributed over the core.
10. In a shell type of core, the windings are ________

a) in the form of the a shell
b) shorted with the primary windings
c) not wound
d) placed on the central limb
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The windings in a shell type of core are placed
in a central limb. It provides protection to the windings.
11. Mumetal has ________

a) low permeability, high loss
b) high permeability, medium loss
c) medium permeability, high loss
d) high permeability, low loss
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Mumetal is an alloy of nickel, iron and copper.
It has a high permeability, low loss and small retentivity. It
5 of 6 3/19/18, 02:12
has a maximum permeability of 90,000 at a flux density of

0.35 W/m2.
12. Perminder has __________

a) medium saturation point of permeability
b) low saturation point of permeability
c) no saturation point of permeability
d) high saturation point of permeability
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Perminder is an alloy of iron, cobalt and
vanadium. It has a high flux density of the order of 2.4
Wb/m2. It is very expensive.


Answers.
6 of 6 3/19/18, 02:12
Electrical Measurements Questions and Answer... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Questions and Answers for
Freshers
by Manish
3-4 minutes
This set of Electrical Measurements Questions and

Answers for Freshers focuses on “Open Circuiting the
Secondary Circuit of a Current Transformer”.
1. In a C.T., the primary ampere turns is variable.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In a current transformer, the primary ampere
turns is fixed. When the secondary circuit is opened,
assuming a constant primary current we get a fixed number
of primary ampere turns.
2. When the secondary circuit of a C.T. is open,

a) a very high flux density is produced
b) a very low flux density is produced
c) a moderate flux density is produced
d) no flux density is produced
1 of 4 3/19/18, 02:13
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When current is flowing in the secondary
circuit which is kept open in a C.T., a very high flux density
is produced in the core as a result of the absence of
demagnetizing ampere turns.
3. High flux density leads to _________

a) a decreased voltage in the secondary
b) a decreased voltage in the primary
c) a increased voltage in the secondary
d) a decreased voltage in the primary
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: High flux density in the secondary winding of a
C.T. leads to an increase in the induced voltage in the
secondary winding. This may damage the insulation.
4. When primary current flows, secondary circuit should be

open.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In a current transformer, even when it is not in
use for any measurement purposes, the secondary circuit
must be closed when the primary current is flowing.
5. High magnetizing forces in the core when removed

suddenly lead to
2 of 4 3/19/18, 02:13
a) no residue
b) partial residual magnetism
c) rupture of the device
d) residual magnetism
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In a C.T, the high magnetizing forces on the
core may leave behind residual magnetism in the core and
ratio and phase angle errors.
6. The secondary winding of a C.T.

a) can be shorted
b) can’t be shorted
c) can be opened
d) can’t be opened
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When a C.T. is used in measurements, it acts
as a short circuit. This is because the impedance of the
load is negligible due to the ammeter or the wattmeter coil.
Thus the secondary winding of a C.T. can be shorted.
7. When the secondary winding of a C.T. is opened

a) C.T. is magnetised
b) C.T. is demagnetised
c) C.T. is shorted
d) C.T. is opened
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In a C.T., when the secondary winding is
3 of 4 3/19/18, 02:13
opened by mistake when the primary current is flowing, the

C.T. must be demagnetized first fully and then only must be
used again in the circuit for any measurements.
8. The rectangular type of C.T. is built of _________

a) L shaped windings
b) T shaped windings
c) A shaped windings
d) Z shaped windings
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a rectangular type of C.T., the windings are
placed on the shorter limbs. The primary winding is wound
over the secondary. The rectangular type of C.T. is built of
L shaped windings.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements for

Freshers, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice
Questions and Answers.
4 of 4 3/19/18, 02:13
Electrical Measurements Questions for Entranc... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Questions for Entrance Exams
by Manish
3-4 minutes
This set of Electrical Measurements Questions and

Answers for Entrance exams focuses on “Differences
between C.T. and P.T. “.
1. Potential transformers are used to measure _________

a) high voltages
b) low voltages
c) high currents
d) low currents
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Potential transformers are also known as P.T.
and are used in the measurement of high magnitude of
voltages.
2. Potential transformers are used with _________

a) high range voltmeter
b) low range voltmeter
c) intermediate range voltmeter
d) very high range voltmeter
1 of 4 3/19/18, 02:13
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In general, potential transformers are used
with low range voltmeters. They are also used for
energizing the potential coils of low range energy meters
and wattmeters.
3. Potential transformer is similar in design to a

a) C.T.
b) Step up transformer
c) Power transformer
d) Step down transformer
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In terms of design, the potential transformer
resembles a power transformer. Potential transformers
have a very low loading capacity of the order of a few volt
amperes.
4. The secondary winding of a P.T. is designed for

a) 220 V
b) 2.2 kV
c) 1.1 kV
d) 110 V
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: A potential transformer is generally used for
the measurement of very high magnitude of voltages in a
circuit. But the secondary winding of a P.T. is designed for
a capacity of 110 V.
2 of 4 3/19/18, 02:13
5. The primary current in a C.T. is _________

a) independent of secondary circuit
b) dependent on the secondary circuit
c) depends on the transformation ratio
d) depends on the nominal ratio
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A C.T. is used for the measurement of high
magnitude of currents in a circuit, while a P.T. is used for
the measurement of high magnitude of voltages in a circuit.
Primary current in a C.T. is independent of the secondary
circuit conditions.
6. The excitation current of a C.T.

a) varies over a fixed range of operation
b) varies over a wide range of normal operation
c) is fixed over a range of operation
d) is fixed always
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In a potential transformer, the excitation
current remains constant under normal operation. While in a
current transformer, the excitation current varies over a
wide range of operation.
7. Secondary of a P.T. can be open circuited.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
3 of 4 3/19/18, 02:13
Explanation: In a C.T., the secondary winding must never

be open circuited when current is flowing in the primary
winding. While in a P.T., the secondary winding can be
open circuited without any damage to the circuit.
8. When C.T. is connected in series with a line, a large

voltage exists across the primary.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In a P.T., full voltage appears across the
primary winding when it is connected across the line. While
when a C.T. is connected in series with a line, a very small
voltage appears across the primary winding.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements for

Entrance exams, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple
Choice Questions and Answers.
4 of 4 3/19/18, 02:13
Potential Transformers Errors Reduction Questi... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
sanfoundry.com
Potential Transformers Errors

Reduction Questions and Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

focuses on “Reduction of Errors in Potential Transformers”.
1. Winding resistance of a P.T. can be reduced by

_________
a) using thick conductors
b) decreasing the length of the winding
c) shorting the primary and secondary windings
d) using thin conductors
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a potential transformer, the winding
resistance is usually minimised by using thick conductors
and by making use of small length for the turns.
2. Leakage reactance is minimised by _________

a) using thin conductors
b) reducing leakage flux
c) increasing flux density
1 of 4 3/19/18, 02:13
d) shorting the windings

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: By maintaining the primary and secondary
windings together in a P.T. and also by reducing the
leakage flux, we can minimise the leakage reactance.
3. High flux density is due to less turns

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a P.T., a high flux density in the core, gives
rise to a less number of turns. This in turn results in a lower
leakage reactance.
4. Ratio error in a P.T. depends on _________

a) secondary current
b) primary voltage
c) secondary current
d) turns ratio
View Answer
Answer: c Explanation: In a P.T., the difference between

actual ratio and turns ratio is given by the relation,
where, R is the ratio

error n is the turns ratio Is is the secondary winding current
Ie is the iron loss component Im is the magnetising
component It is seen from the above equation that the ratio
error in a P.T. depends on the secondary current,
2 of 4 3/19/18, 02:13
magnetising and iron loss components of current.

5. In a P.T. values of components of currents are negligible.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In a C.T. the various components of current
such as magnetising current, iron loss component of current
are almost comparable in magnitude with the value of the
load current.
6. Ratio error can be minimised by _________

a) reducing the turns
b) reducing the current
c) increasing the voltage
d) using a good core material
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: By making use of a good quality core material,
low value of flux density and following required precautions
in the core assembly we can minimise the value of the ratio
error.
7. Another method of eliminating the ratio error is

_________
a) by reducing secondary turns
b) by increasing the primary turns
c) by increasing secondary turns
d) by reducing the primary turns
View Answer
3 of 4 3/19/18, 02:13
Answer: a Explanation: In a P.T., at no load, we get
where, R is the ratio error n is the turns

ratio Is is the secondary winding current Ie is the iron loss
component Im is the magnetising component From the
above equation it is seen that to reduce the ratio error,
actual ratio and nominal ratio must be made equal. This can
be done by reducing the secondary turns.
8. How is the voltage ratio dependent on the frequency?
a) they are independent of each other
b) they aid each other
c) they oppose each other
d) depends on the setup of the circuit
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: As the voltage ratio changes, the frequency
also changes. It depends on the relative value of the core
loss component Io as well as the leakage reactance. The
effects due to the voltage ratio and the change in frequency
oppose each other.


Answers.
4 of 4 3/19/18, 02:13
Potential Transformers Characteristics Question... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Potential Transformers
Characteristics Questions and
Answers
by Manish
3-4 minutes

focuses on “Characteristics of Potential Transformers”.
1. Increasing secondary burden

a) increases Is
b) decreases Is
c) keeps Is constant
d) decreases Ip
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When the secondary burden of a potential
transformer increases, it leads to an increase in the
secondary current. As a result the primary current also
increases.
2. For a given Vp the Vs

a) increases
b) decreases
1 of 4 3/19/18, 02:13
c) remains constant
d) depends on the supply
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For a particular value of primary voltage Vp,
the value of the secondary voltage Vs decreases. This
leads to a decrease in the actual ratio.
3. What is effect of the secondary burden on the ratio error?

a) ratio error is constant with secondary burden
b) ratio error decreases with secondary burden
c) ratio error increases with secondary burden
d) depends on the supply voltage
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: As the secondary burden is increased, the
ratio error also increases and becomes more negative.
Ratio error varies linearly with respect to the change in the
secondary burden.
4. Vp is leading in phase, while Vs is lagging in phase.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: As the secondary burden is increased, winding
voltage drop increases. Voltage Vp is leading in phase while
Vs is lagging in phase. As a result the phase angle
increases with the secondary burden.
2 of 4 3/19/18, 02:13
5. What is the effect of p.f. on secondary burden?

a) Ip shifts towards Io
b) Ip deviates from Io
c) Ip is independent of Io
d) Ip and Io cancel eachother
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When the power factor of the secondary
burden is reduced, Ip shifts towards Io. Voltages Vp and Vs
come closer to Ep and Es.
6. How is the transformation ratio dependent on the

secondary burden?
a) decreases
b) increases
c) remains constant
d) depends on the supply
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: As the primary voltage Vp is constant, the
induced primary e.m.f Ep is reduced. Similarly the
secondary voltage Vs is reduced with respect to Es. As a
result the transformation ratio increases.
7. Decrease in p.f. makes Vs to lead Vp.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: As the power factor is decreased, Vs leads in
3 of 4 3/19/18, 02:13
phase while Vp decreases in phase. Thus the phase angle

reduces with the decrease in power factor (lagging).
8. At constant voltage how is frequency affected by flux?

a) decreases with increase in flux
b) increases with decrease in flux
c) remains constant
d) depends on the current
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When frequency is increased at a constant
voltage, the flux decreases. Voltage ratio decreases as the
magnetizing and iron loss components of current are
reduced.


Answers.
4 of 4 3/19/18, 02:13

Questions & Answers On Extension of Instrument Ranges

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Shunts & Multipliers - Electrical Measurements... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...

Shunts & Multipliers - Electrical

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

1. Range of an electrical instrument depends on

2. Moving coil instruments have a current and voltage rating

4. A shunt can be used to measure large currents.

can be measured through a shunt.

5. Current terminals have a small current capacity.

6. Potential terminals have a __________

7. In case of AC ammeters, shunts consist of __________

8. What is the effect of the ammeter range on the shunt

Explanation: A multiplier is basically a non-inductive, high

10. What is the condition for using a multiplier in A.C.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

1. What is a current transformer?

2. What is a potential transformer?

3. C.T. and P.T. are used for _________

4. The primary winding of a C.T. has _________

5. The secondary winding of a C.T. has _________

a) a large number of turns

6. Turns ration for a C.T. is _________

7. The primary winding of a P.T. has _________

Explanation: The primary winding of a P.T. has a very large

8. The secondary winding of a P.T. has _________

9. Turns ration for a C.T. is _________

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and

Electrical Measurements Problems

This set of Electrical Measurements Problems focuses on

1. Instrument transformers can be easily replaced.

2. Instrument transformers provide _________

Explanation: In an instrument transformer, the low rated

3. Instrument transformers give same readings irrespective

4. C.T. and P.T. are standardized at _________

5. A 5A ammeter can measure a current of upto 1000 A

6. A 110V voltmeter can measure a voltage of upto 110kV

7. How can the meter circuit be isolated from power circuit?

isolated from the high voltage power circuit.

8. How are instrument transformers different from shunts

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements Problems,

Instrument Transformers Ratios

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

1. Transformation ratio of an instrument is defined as

2. For a C.T. the transformation ratio is given by the relation

3. For a P.T. the transformation ratio is given by the relation

4. Nominal ratio of an instrument transformer is defined as

a) reciprocal of the rated primary value

5. For a C.T. the nominal ratio is given by the relation.

Answer: a Explanation: In a current transformer, the

where, R is the transformation ratio Ip(rated) is

Answer: b Explanation: In a potential transformer, the

where, R is the transformation ratio Vp(rated) is

Kn is the nominal ratio.

8. For a C.T. the turns ratio is defined as the _________

9. For a P.T. the turns ratio is defined as the _________

Np is the primary turns

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is