Questions On Armature Windings

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Armature Winding & Commutator

Questions and Answers
by Manish
5-6 minutes
This set of DC Machines Multiple Choice Questions &

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Armature Winding and
Commutator”.
1. Armature winding is mounted on a __________

a) Stator
b) Rotor
c) Can be mounted anywhere on stator or rotor
d) Not required
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A DC machine is a heteropolar structure with
stationary poles and the rotating armature. Field coil is
mounted on stator. In an AC machine armature winding is
located at stator while field coil is located at stator.
2. In a DC machine, how coil-side emf varies towards the

outer side of poles?
a) Decreases
b) Remains same
1 of 6 3/19/18, 7:13 AM
c) Increases
d) First increases the decreases
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Coil side current pattern is the same as the
emf pattern. Only difference is that while the coil-side emf
reduces towards the outer side of poles, the current
remains the same in all the coil-sides except for alterations
from pole to pole, while the coil side current reverses, the
current exchanged with external circuit must be
unidirectional.
3. Commutator performs rectification so that output of the

machine is unidirectional.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Since it is a DC machine the generated output
must be DC. Any electrical machine works on induced emf
concept which is AC in nature. Commutator and brush
assembly of the DC machine performs the mechanical
rectification process so; induced AC is converted into
DC(Unidirectional).
4. What is the difference of DC voltages in the adjoining

Brushes?
a) Depends on the Shaft speed
b) Zero
c) Non-zero
2 of 6 3/19/18, 7:13 AM
d) Depends on the various other parameters

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Brushes are located electrically in the
magnetically neutral region. Due to their location adjoining
brushes are at constant DC voltage and the coil in series
between the constitute one parallel path.
5. What is the effect of armature coils at points where

brushes are located?
a) Induces positive emf
b) Induces negative emf
c) Induces zero emf
d) Depends on the speed of rotor
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Brushes are at magnetically neutral region
hence, induced emf due to armature coils at brushes will be
equal to zero. As in the magnetically neutral region change
in flux will be equal to the zero, emf will not be induced
(Faraday’s law).
6. As the armature rotates, the number of coils in series

tapped by the brush pairs_________
a) Remains same
b) Increases
c) Decreases
d) Depends on rotor speed and direction of torque
View Answer
Answer: a
3 of 6 3/19/18, 7:13 AM
Explanation: Brushes are located electrically in magnetically

neutral region. Adjoining brush pairs are at constant DC
voltage and the number of coils tapped by brush pairs also
remain constant. Their disposition relative to the poles is the
same.
7. Coil span for 4-pole, 12-slot armature winding is_______

a) 24
b) 48
c) 8
d) 3
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Coil span is defined as a ratio of number of
slots in the armature winding which are also equal to the
number of commutator segments to the number of poles.
Here, Slots in the armature winding= 12, Number of poles=
4.
YCS= 12/4= 3.
8. What is the nature of the coils when YCS value is non-

integral?
a) Long-pitched
b) Medium-pitched
c) Short-pitched
d) Can’t be determined by YCS value
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Coil-side voltages around the coil are additive
most of the time (except when coil-sides lie near the
4 of 6 3/19/18, 7:13 AM
magnetic neutral region). Thus YCS= Nearest lower integer,

which means that for non-integral S/P, the coils are short-
pitched.
9. For a 2-pole DC machine with coil span equal to 6, what

are the number of commutator segments?
a) 3
b) 12
c) 4
d) 8
View Answer
Answer: b
Here, Number of poles= 2, Slots in the armature winding=
S= P* YCS. Here, YCS= 6, P=2. Thus S=12. C=S=Number
of commutator segments.
10. When coil sides are pole pitch apart, the DC armature
winding is called as ___________
a) Multiplex
b) Fractional-pitch
c) Full-pitch
d) Pole-pitch
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Pole pitch is called as center to center
distance between two adjacent poles. When measured in
electrical degrees one pole itch is equal to 1800. Coil span
5 of 6 3/19/18, 7:13 AM
is simply a peripheral distance between two sides of a coil.

If the coil span is equal to the pole pitch, then the armature
winding is said to be full pitched coil.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – DC

Machines.
To practice all areas of DC Machines, here is complete set

of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
6 of 6 3/19/18, 7:13 AM
Lap Winding - DC Machines Questions and Answers about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Lap Winding - DC Machines

by Manish
5-6 minutes

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Lap Winding”.
1. Resultant pitch in the lap winding is__________

a) Depends on Yb value
b) Depends on Yf value
c) Depends on Yb and Yf value
d) Always equal to 2
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In a lap winding the “finish” of one coil is
connected to “start” of the adjoining coil. The coil side
displacement of the front-end connection is called the front-
pitch. The coil side displacement of the back-end
connection is called the back-pitch. Resultant-pitch is equal
to difference between Yb and Yf which is equal to 2,
irrespective of Yb and Yf value.
2. What is the condition of retrogressive winding?

a) Yb > Yf
1 of 6 3/19/18, 7:13 AM
b) Yb < Yf
c) Yb = Yf
d) No condition in bterms of Yb and Yf
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The coil side displacement of the front-end
connection is called the front-pitch. The coil side
displacement of the back-end connection is called the back-
pitch. The direction in which the winding progresses
depends upon which is more, Yb or Yf. For retrogressive
winding Yb < Yf .
3. What is the value of Yb for a lap winding with a 4-pole,

12-slot armature with two coil sides/slot. Assume single-
turns coils.
a) 3
b) 5
c) 7
d) 9
View Answer
Answer: c
4.
YCS= 12/4= 3.
Yb = 2YCS +1= 7.
4. What is the value of Yf for a lap winding with a 4-pole,
2 of 6 3/19/18, 7:13 AM
12-slot armature with two coil sides/slot? (Assume single-

turns coils – progressive winding)
a) 3
b) 5
c) 7
d) 9
View Answer
Answer: b
4.
YCS= 12/4= 3.
Yb = 2YCS +1= 7
Yf =Yb – 2= 7-2= 5.
5. Equalizer rings are needed in lap winding.

a) False
b) True
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Each parallel path in lap winding is under the
influence of one pair of poles, so if a machine consists of
multiple pairs of poles then dissimilarities occurs, due to
which unequal voltages may be induced in the paths and a
circulating current may flow. In wave winding each path is
under the influence of all poles, so voltages are induced in
each path causing no such dissimilarities like lap winding.
3 of 6 3/19/18, 7:13 AM
Equalizers in lap windings are used to remove this

dissimilarity, they’re not needed in wave winding.
6. What is the symmetry requirement of lap winding?

a) 2C/P= 0
b) 2C/P= integer
c) 2C/P= non-integer
d) Can’t express mathematically
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: To avoid no-load circulating currents and
certain consequential commutation problems, all the parallel
paths must be identical so as to have the same number of
coil-sides. Symmetry thus requires ratio of 2C/P is equal to
the integer. Also, US/P equal to integer represents the
same.
7. What is the relation between number of parallel paths(A)

and number of poles(P)?
a) A = P
b) A < P
c) A > P
d) No relation exists
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Complex winding can be divided into different
parallel paths lying under different pole pairs. It is,
therefore, concluded that the number if parallel paths is
equal to the number of poles. In wave winding number of
parallel paths is equal to 2.
4 of 6 3/19/18, 7:13 AM
8. Current flowing through the armature conductors Ic is

related to total current Ia by_______
a) Ic = A Ia
b) Ic = Ia/A
c) Ic = A2 Ia
d) Ic = A/Ia
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Two positive and two negative brushes are
respectively connected in parallel for feeding the external
circuit. As per the ring diagram Ia splits into the number of
poles equally. Poles = Parallel paths. Thus, Ic = Ia /A.
9. Value of commutator pitch in lap winding is_____

a) +2
b) +1 or -1
c) -2
d) Different for different parameters
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Two ends of coil are connected across the
adjacent commutator segments. Depending on the type of
winding that is, retrogressive or progressive, we have two
values for commutator pitch.
For progressive winding, commutator pitch = +1. For
retrogressive winding, commutator pitch = -1.
10. What is the value of Yf for a lap winding with a 4-pole,

12 commutator segments, with two coil sides/slot.?
(Assume single-turns coils -retrogressive winding).
5 of 6 3/19/18, 7:13 AM
a) 9
b) 3
c) 11
d) 5
View Answer
Answer: a
Here, Slots in the armature winding= Number of
commutator segments= 12, Number of poles= 4.
YCS= 12/4= 3.
Yb = 2YCS +1= 7
Yf =Yb + 2= 7+2= 9.

Machines.

of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
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Wave Winding - DC Machines Questions and A... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Wave Winding - DC Machines

by Manish
4-6 minutes

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Wave Winding”.
1. What will be the value of “Yf + Yb” for a wave winding?

a) Equal to Yc
b) Half of the Yc value
c) Double of the Yc value
d) Four times Yc value
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In the wave winding, as the number of coil-
sides is double the number of segments, the top coil-side of
the second coil will be numbered as (1+2*Yc). After
numbering other coil sides,
1 + 2*Yc – Yf = 1+ Yb
So Yf + Yb = 2Yc.
2. For a progressive wave winding Yc = ______

a) 2C/P
b) 2(C+1)/P
1 of 6 3/19/18, 7:14 AM
c) 2(C-1)/P
d) 2C/(P+1)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Starting at segment 1 and after going through
P/2 coils or Yc (P/2) segments, the winding should end in
segment 2 for progressive winding or segment (C) for
retrogressive winding. That is mathematically,
Yc (P/2) = (C+1)
Yc = 2(C+1)/P
3. Number of parallel paths in wave winding are ______

a) Equal to P
b) Equal to P/2
c) 2
d) Depends on other parameters
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In wave winding all coils are divided into 2
groups- all coils carrying clockwise current are series
connected and so are all coils with counter-clockwise
current- and these 2 groups are in parallel because the
winding is closed. Thus, a wave winding has 2 parallel
paths irrespective of number of poles.
4. What is the spacing between the brushes for a wave

winding when a machine is 6-pole DC armature with 16
slots having 2-coil sides per slot and single-turn coils.
a) 4 segments
b) 8 segments
2 of 6 3/19/18, 7:14 AM
c) 16 segments
d) 12 segments
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Only 2 brushes are required in this case as the
number of poles in wave winding is equal to 2. So, spacing
between the brushes is equal to total number of segments
i.e. total slots divided by 2. Spacing between brushes = C/A
= 16/2 = 8 segments.
5. What is the relation between conductor current and

armature current in wave winding?
a) Ic = Ia
b) Ic = 2Ia
c) Ic = 4Ia
d) Ic = Ia/2
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: the number of parallel paths in the in a wave
winding is equal to 2. So, armature current will get divided
equally into total number of conductors/paths. Conductor
current in a wave wounded machine is half of the Ia.
6. For a conductor current equal to 4mA, Current carried by

a particular brush in a 2-pole machine will be _____
a) 16mA
b) 8mA
c) 2mA
d) 10mA
View Answer
3 of 6 3/19/18, 7:14 AM
Answer: b
Explanation: Conductor current in a wave wounded
machine is half of the Ia. So, Ia= 8mA. All positive and all
negative brushes are respectively connected in parallel to
feed the external circuit. Thus, IBRUSH = Ia /(P/2). Solving
we get Brush current = 8mA.
7. Equalizer rings are needed in the wave winding.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The armature coil forms 2 parallel paths under
the influence of all pole-pairs so that the effect of the
magnetic circuit asymmetry is equally present in both the
parallel paths resulting in equal parallel-path voltages.
Thus, equalizer rings are not needed in wave winding.
8. For a wave winding when a machine is 6-pole DC

armature with 16 slots having 2-coil sides per slot and
single-turn coil, Yf value is ____
a) 5
b) 3
c) 2
d) 7
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Ycs = 16/6 = 2 slots (nearest lower integral
value)
Yb= 2*2+1 = 5
4 of 6 3/19/18, 7:14 AM
Yc= 2(16-1)/6 = 5 segments

Yf = 2Yc – Yb = 5.
9. Wave winding machines are used in ______ currents

applications.
a) High
b) Moderate
c) Low
d) Can be used anywhere
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Lap winding machine has the advantage of
large number of parallel paths and lower conductor current
and is therefore used in low voltage and high current
applications. Wave winding has fixed number of parallel
paths so, wave wounded machine is used in low currents
application.
10. For a wave wounded machine number of brushes for

small, large machines respectively is ________ _________
a) 2, 2
b) 4, 2
c) 2, P
d) Both values depend on the given conditions
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: For a small wave wounded machine number of
parallel paths are 2, thus 2 brushes are used. For a large
machine total number of brushes is equal to the total
number of poles. The spacing between adjacent brushes is
5 of 6 3/19/18, 7:14 AM
C/P commutator segments.

Machines.

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1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
6 of 6 3/19/18, 7:14 AM

Questions On Armature Windings

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Armature Winding & Commutator Questions an... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...

Armature Winding & Commutator

This set of DC Machines Multiple Choice Questions &

1. Armature winding is mounted on a __________

2. In a DC machine, how coil-side emf varies towards the

3. Commutator performs rectification so that output of the

4. What is the difference of DC voltages in the adjoining

d) Depends on the various other parameters

5. What is the effect of armature coils at points where

6. As the armature rotates, the number of coils in series

Explanation: Brushes are located electrically in magnetically

7. Coil span for 4-pole, 12-slot armature winding is_______

8. What is the nature of the coils when YCS value is non-

magnetic neutral region). Thus YCS= Nearest lower integer,

9. For a 2-pole DC machine with coil span equal to 6, what

is simply a peripheral distance between two sides of a coil.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – DC

To practice all areas of DC Machines, here is complete set

Lap Winding - DC Machines

This set of DC Machines Multiple Choice Questions &

1. Resultant pitch in the lap winding is__________

2. What is the condition of retrogressive winding?

3. What is the value of Yb for a lap winding with a 4-pole,

4. What is the value of Yf for a lap winding with a 4-pole,

12-slot armature with two coil sides/slot? (Assume single-

5. Equalizer rings are needed in lap winding.

Equalizers in lap windings are used to remove this

6. What is the symmetry requirement of lap winding?

7. What is the relation between number of parallel paths(A)

8. Current flowing through the armature conductors Ic is

9. Value of commutator pitch in lap winding is_____

10. What is the value of Yf for a lap winding with a 4-pole,

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – DC

To practice all areas of DC Machines, here is complete set

Wave Winding - DC Machines

This set of DC Machines Multiple Choice Questions &

1. What will be the value of “Yf + Yb” for a wave winding?

2. For a progressive wave winding Yc = ______

3. Number of parallel paths in wave winding are ______

4. What is the spacing between the brushes for a wave

5. What is the relation between conductor current and

6. For a conductor current equal to 4mA, Current carried by

7. Equalizer rings are needed in the wave winding.

8. For a wave winding when a machine is 6-pole DC

Yc= 2(16-1)/6 = 5 segments

9. Wave winding machines are used in ______ currents

10. For a wave wounded machine number of brushes for

C/P commutator segments.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – DC

To practice all areas of DC Machines, here is complete set

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