Introducing Electricity

Textbook pg 52
 Today’s objectives
• At the end of this lesson, you will
be able to:
– State the appliances that used
electricity
– State the sources of electricity
– Define what is electric current
and circuit
– Understand the parts of
electric circuit
 Think-Pair-Share
 Look at the diagrams below:
You got 2  What are needed for these
minutes appliances to operate?
to share  Could you think of similar
with appliances used for the same
someone purpose in olden days?
beside/
behind
you
Electrical Appliances
 All require electricity to work
 Vacuum cleaner (electricity to
kinetic energy)
 Lamp (electricity to light energy)
 Fan (electricity to kinetic energy)
Electrical Appliances
 Now we cannot live without
electricity.
 So many appliances and items
we used require electricity
 What are the sources of electricity?
• Main electricity
• Electric cells
• So what’s the difference?
 Main Electricity
• Generated by power stations
• Delivered to homes and
industries through wires
• Finally connected to main sockets
• Supplies a lot of electrical energy
• Electric shock
 Electric Cells
• Used in many portable electrical
devices
• Supplies small amount of energy
• Safe to touch
Electric Current and
Circuit?
 The rate of flow of electric charges
is called electric current
 Electric circuit is the path which the
electric current takes
Short video clip

Electric circuits - overview

 Parts of a Circuit
• Called electrical components
• Examples
– Connecting wires
– Bulb
– Switch
– Electric cell
 Connecting wires
• Made of two types of materials
• Electrical conductor and electrical
insulator
Electrical
conductor –
made of
metal such as
copper

Electrical
insulator –
made of
plastic
 Connecting wires
• Symbols of connecting wires
• Connecting wires (joined) and
connecting wires (not joined)
• See pg 56
Joined Not joined
 Bulb
• Symbol of bulb
 Switch
• Symbol of switch

Close switch

Open switch
 Electric Cell
• Symbol of electric cell

One electric cell

Two electric cell More than two electric cell

Review Questions
 What are the two sources of
electricity?
 Electric cells and main electricity
 The rate of flow of electric charges
is called an ______________
electric current
 The path which the electric current
takes is called the _____________
electric circuit
 What are the 4 parts of circuit we
have covered today?
 Connecting wire
 Bulb
 Switch
 Electric cell
Match the following:

bulb

closed switch

one electric cell

joined connecting
wires
Summary
 What we have learnt today?
 Uses of electricity in our daily life
 Sources of Electricity (Main
electricity and electric cells)
 Define electric current and
electric circuit
 4 different parts of circuits and
their symbols
 Connecting wires
 Bulbs
 Switch
 Electric cell
 Worksheet

Complete the worksheet now

 Today’s objectives
• At the end of this lesson, you will
be able to:
– Understand what is complete
and incomplete circuits
– State the different types of
switches in circuits
– Understand how circuits can be
arranged
Complete and incomplete
circuits
 Complete circuits is also
known as closed circuits
 Incomplete circuits is also
known as opened circuits
 What is the difference between
the two?
Complete/Closed circuits
 It is complete path without any
gaps from one end of the cell
to the light bulb and back to
the other end of the cell
Incomplete/Open circuits
 The path is incomplete
 Each circuit has a gap in it and
the bulbs do not light up
 Example: no source of
electrical energy or connecting
wire is missing
 See pg 55.
Try Inquiry Time pg 55
 Circuit D
 A: Place a connecting wire on
each side of the cell
 B: Place a connecting wire on
each side of the light bulb
 C: Place a connecting wire
from the bulb and the cell on
each side of the cell
Using symbols to draw
circuit diagrams
 Page 56
 Try inquiry time
 Circuit A. However the extra
line between the two cells is
not necessary. Circuit B is
different as the light bulb is
situated between the two cells
 Types of Switches
• A switch is used to open or close a
circuit.
• Tap key switch
• A plug switch
• A mains switch used in buildings
• When switch is off, the circuit is
opened and the bulb will not light up
• When switch is on, the circuit is closed
and the bulb will light up
Types of Switches

Ask and Learn

Conductors and Insulators

Ask and Learn

How circuit can be
arranged?
 Series circuit
 Parallel circuit
Series Circuit
 The three light bulbs are
arranged in series
 Each component is joined one
after the other to form a single
path
 Current flows through each
component is the same
Series Circuit
 If one bulb in a series circuit is
removed or broken, no current
flows
 The remaining bulbs do not
light up
 Because the circuit is opened
Parallel Circuit
 Any amount of light bulbs are
arranged in parallels
 Divides two or more branches
and has electrical components
in each branch
Parallel Circuit
 The current from the battery divides
and flows through each branch
 If one bulb breaks or removed,
other bulbs on the circuit remain lit
 Because the circuit remains closed
Series and Parallel
Circuit
Ask and Learn
Do Check Point

Page 59
Objectives
 At the end of this lesson, you
will be able to:
 Understand what is electric
current and how to measure
electric current
 Understand what is voltage and
how to measure voltage
 State the different voltages for
different sources
 Understand how electric cells are
connected in electrical
appliances
Electric Current
 Flow of electric charges
 This flow of electrons in one
directions in a circuit is called
an electric current
 Electrons require energy in
order to move
 Energy come from the electric
cell in the circuit
 Electric cell has two terminals
Electric Current
 Positive and negative
 Pushes electrons out of the
negative terminal and round
the circuit
 Flow back to the positive
terminal of the cell
 Electrons are not used up only
energy is used up
Video on Electric
Current
Short video
Measuring Electric Current
 Ammeter
 SI unit for electric current is
ampere (A)
 1A = 1000 mA
 1mA = 0.001A
 Connected in series
Measuring Electric Current
Ask and Learn

Measuring Electric Current

What is Voltage?
 To measure the energy the
electrons receive
 An electron can have a large
amount of potential energy at one
point in the circuit
 It can also have a low amount of
potential energy at another point
 The difference in potential energy
between the two points is known as
voltage
What is Voltage?
 SI unit for voltage is volt (V)
Measuring Voltage
 Voltmeter
Voltmeter
 Connected in parallel across
the cell
 Has positive (red) terminal and
a negative (black) terminal like
ammeter
 Positive terminal connected to
the positive side of the cell
 Negative terminal connected to
the negative side of the cell
Measuring Voltage
 Voltmeter
Different voltage for
different electric sources
 Different electric cell have
different voltage
 In Singapore the main voltage
is 230V

12V

1.5V
9V
How are electric cells connected
in electrical appliances?
 Electric cells are connected in
series with the positive
terminal of one cell touching
the negative terminal of the
next cell
 The total voltage across all the
electric cells is equal to the
sum of the voltages of the
individual cells
How are electric cells connected
in electrical appliances?
 For example you have electric
cell of 1.5V
 If the toy need 9V to work.
 You will need six 1.5V electric
cells
Checkpoint

Page 63
Objectives
 At the end of this lesson you
will be able to:
 State what is a resistor
 Understand the different types of
resistors
 Understand how resistors is
placed in series and parallel
arrangements
What is a resistor?
 Appliances need to ensure that
the correct size of current flows
to operate properly
 To control the size of the
current, electrical components
called resistors are used in the
circuits
Resistors

AsknLearn
Types of resistors
 Fixed
 Variable
Fixed Resistors
 One fixed resistance
 Resistance can be a fraction of
an ohm to thousands of ohms
 SI unit is ohms
Variable Resistors
 Known as rheostat
 Vary the resistance in a circuit
 Resistance change, the current
also changes
 When resistance decreases,
the current increases
Rheostats
 Different types for different
purposes
Fixed and Variable
Resistor
AsknLearn
Arrangement of resistors
 Can be in series or parallel
 Series
 Same current from the electric
cell passes through each resistor
 As more resistors are added, the
resistance to flow electrical
charges increases
 The current in the circuit
decreases
 Overall resistance in series
circuit increases
Arrangement of resistors
 Parallel
 For resistors in parallel, current
from the electric cell divided
among the resistor
 More resistors added more
electrical charges are able to
flow through the resistors at the
same time
 Current in circuit increases
 Overall resistance of the parallel
circuit decreases
Metal with…
 Low resistance
 Copper and silver
 High resistance
 Nichrome
Resistor – Series and
Parallel
AsknLearn
Checkpoint

Page 67
Objectives
 At the end of this lesson, you
will be able to:
 State the heating effects and
examples
 Understand what is
electromagnets and its uses
 Understand what is chemical
effects and electroplating
Effects of Electric Current
 Heating effect
 Magnetic effect
 Chemical effect
Heating Effect
 Resistance in circuit wires
affects the amount of electric
current flowing
 Electric current flows through
the wire, the wire gets heated
up
 Electrical energy to heat
energy
Heating Effect
 Heating element in an
electrical appliance consists of
high resistance wires such as
nichrome
 Very hot
 Produce more heat
 Connecting wires are made of
low resistance materials such
as copper
 Less hot
 Produce less heat
Heating Effect
 If resistance wire gets very hot,
light can also be produced
 Example: Filament of an
electric light bulb
Magnetic Effect
 Electric current also produces
magnetic effect
 Example: placing wire near
compass needle and let
electric current flow, the needle
will move
Magnetic Effect
 Electromagnet
 Coil of wire usually wound
around a piece of iron
 When current flows, it acts like a
bar magnet
 If no current flow, the
electromagnet loses its
magnetism
Magnetic Effect
 Electromagnet
 How to make it stronger?
 Increase the current in the coil
 Increase the number of turns of
wire in the coil
 Winding the coil around an iron
core
Magnetic Effect
 Electromagnet
 Uses
 Magnetic cranes
 Electric bells
 Electric motors
Chemical Effect
 Electrolysis
 Uses
 Electroplating
 Extraction of some metals
Electroplating

Watch video
Chemical Effect
 Extraction of metals
 Solid compound of the metal is
heated until it melts
 An electric current is then
passed through the molten
compound
 Molten compound break down to
give the metal
Do Checkpoint

Page 72