Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Student ID : 2013747185
Contents
CHAPTER ONE.................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 3
1.2 Statement of the Problem ....................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Research Objectives ................................................................................................................ 5
1.4 Research Questions ................................................................................................................ 5
1.5 Operational Definition .............................................................................................................. 6
1.6 Limitation of the Study ............................................................................................................. 6
1.7 Significance of the Study......................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Good Language Learners ............................................................................................................ 8
2.3 Language Learning Strategies .................................................................................................... 9
2.4 Acquisition and Second Language Learning ........................................................................... 11
2.5 Motivation and Language Learning Strategies ....................................................................... 12
CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................................. 13
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 13
3.2 Research Approach..................................................................................................................... 13
3.3 Research Design ......................................................................................................................... 13
3.4 Research Instrument ................................................................................................................... 14
3.5 Research Sample ........................................................................................................................ 14
3.6 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 15
Bibliography : ...................................................................................................................................... 16
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
(IKM) is compulsory to take English courses. In IKM, the broad aims of English
English. This is seen as an important factor for the students to prepare themselves
IKM is one of higher learning institutions that provide technical education for
the students, who are focusing on improving their hands-on skills. Mostly, students
who enrol in IKM are low achiever students based on their SPM examination results
academic qualification for the students to further studies in IKM is they only have to
pass SPM examination, with passing grade in Malay language subject (Bahagian
Kemahiran & Teknikal, MARA). Hence, most students who study in IKM are among
Despite the fact that these students are weak in English language, they still have
to study and pass the course, for the matter of fact that being comprehensible in
English is important for them to have a good and secured job in the future. However,
based on the English final examination results for July – December 2013 session, a
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large percent of IKM Jasin students have a low achievement of English language.
The final examination results confirmed that 43% of Semester 1 and 2 students who
took English courses were in low level of English language, 41% were in
intermediate level, meanwhile another 16% were in proficient level (Unit Peperiksaan
Based on the final examination results, these questions were aroused, which
led to the intention of conducting this study. The questions would be; what actually
happen during the English lesson? Why is that some students are successful, while
a large percent of them are not? Which language learning strategies have been used
in conducting the lesson? ESL teachers, particularly who teach in IKM Jasin will be
benefited from the answers for this question, in order for them to encourage the
English teachers in IKM Jasin have always been seeking ways to help the
(1990), second language learning and use strategies comprises of improving the
learning of second language, as well as the use of second language by the learners.
In second language learning, there are factors that must be taken into consideration.
The first factors contend with cognitive style, age, personality, attitude and
(1991), the strategies in which the students use during the acquisition process is
not able to acquire second language effectively. In order to improve the learning
process, apart from knowing the most important factors that influence the acquisition
process, the teacher could also start making the students aware of the language
learning strategies that they can choose and use during the learning process.
Therefore, the teachers’ role is vital in helping the students succeed in language
learning process; not only by motivating them, also by allowing the students develop
ii. To identify the learning strategies used by proficient IKM Jasin students in
learning ESL.
i. What are the motivational factors of IKM Jasin students in learning ESL?
ii. What are the learning strategies used by proficient IKM Jasin students in
learning ESL?
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1.5 Operational Definition
2003).
English courses final examination (Unit Peperiksaan & Persijilan IKM Jasin,
2013).
This study was limited to Semester 1 and 2 students in IKM Jasin for the current
session only. Thus, the results cannot be generalized for all IKM students in
Malaysia.
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1.7 Significance of the Study
As most students who enrol in IKM Jasin are among low-proficiency English
get the students engaged in the English lesson at all times. Thus, this study is
significance for both teachers and students in IKM Jasin with the aim of improving
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CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This chapter provides a critical review and analysis of the literature related to the
study. Generally, the state of problems and solutions in acquiring English language
Hence, the related literature regarding language learning strategies as well as the
motivational factors are scrutinized in this chapter to provide the grounding related to
Good language learners who use appropriate learning strategies have been
practices. Oxford (1990) states that learning strategies require actions that are taken
by the learner to make learning more effective, more enjoyable, easier, faster, more
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v) Is not inhabited
According to Oxford (1990), direct strategies refer to the language learning strategies
that involve directly the target language. All these direct strategies require mental
processing of the language. Apart from the direct strategies, Oxford (1990, 2003)
also describes other strategies that support the production of language learning,
which allow students to control their own cognition; affective strategies, which help to
regulate emotions, motivations and attitudes; and social strategies that assist the
that individuals use to help learners comprehend, learn, or retain new information”
(O’Malley & Chamot, 1990, p. 1). Furthermore, the ways that the students use to
acquire English as second language on their own are called strategies. Strategies
are also known as behaviours and thoughts that help the students to engage in
learning, thus influence the students’ encoding process (Perez, 2013). Chamot and
comprehend, store, and remember new information and skills”. The non-observable
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Thompson and Rubin (1993) conducted a research on how to improve second
language (L2) students’ learning strategies. In this investigation they found out that
attempts to teach students to use learning strategies have produced good results.
The researchers emphasizes that students could acquire language effectively with
the influence of the successful strategies such as metacognitive, cognitive and social
strategies.
Shoebottom (2007) stated that good language learners reflect about how they
are learning. They will always try to understand the purpose of one particular task
given to them. Besides, good language learners are also prepared to do the try-out
and take risks. In addition, they are also realistic, in which they understand that there
good language learners usually do not rely on the teachers to totally direct their
learning. They are more independent, where they will not just sitting in the classroom
and waiting for the teacher to teach. Lastly, they are organized and always looking
for chances to develop their language skills, both inside and outside the classroom.
language. There is no available research that indicates this relationship for IKM
students generally and IKM Jasin specifically. Therefore, this study is particularly
interested in finding out which strategies are used by semester 1 and 2 English
language learners in IKM Jasin and to try to establish a relationship between these
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Learning strategies are important for the students as they can affect the
students’ motivation, as well as in which the students select, organize and interact
with new knowledge (Weinstein & Mayer, 1986). Oxford (2003) considers that
language learning styles and strategies are among the most important
factors that help determine how – and how well the students learn second
is the unconscious process that takes place during the real conversation
(2009), all of us are born with an innate capacity to learn our mother
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becomes part of the family, whereby it makes children succeed in learning
significant role in language learning because they seem to help them avoid failures
(He, 2004 as cited in Cho Stoffa, 2009). Dornyei and Clement (2001) as cited in
Bernaus and Gardner (2008) proposed that the motivational strategies could be
divided into four categories. The first category deals with classroom condition, which
realistic beliefs of the language learners. The third category involves maintaining
feedback and increasing students’ satisfaction. On top of that, Gardner and Lambert
(1972) claimed that motivation to learn a language depends on the positive attitudes
towards the language area and the desire to communicate in the target language.
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CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
researcher will try to establish as much as information collected from the sample.
The researcher also will be more concerned with understanding situations from the
generalization which is beyond the studied situation. The readers are given
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In order to answer the both research questions, survey research design will
be implemented. In survey research design, the main way in which the information
will be collected is through asking questions. The answers to these questions by the
members of the group (samples) will constitute the data of the study. A cross-
survey collects information from a sample and the information is collected at just one
point in time (Frankel, J.R., Wallen, N.E. and Hyun, H.H., 2012, p. 394). This survey
this study are to determine the motivational factors and identify the learning
In order to answer the first research question (RQ1), structured interview will
designed to elicit specific answers from the respondents, hence the data can later be
perceptions. The respondents will be asked fifteen questions that will lead to
questionnaire will be used for the purpose of collecting the data. The questionnaire
will be using the frequency to measure the students’ use of language learning
strategy.
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The target population for this study is all semester 1 and 2 students of IKM
Jasin. The samples for the study would be all semester 1 and 2 students who
obtained A- and A grades in English final examination paper for July – December
2013 session. In order to get the samples, purposive sampling will be used, where
the samples will be selected based on the specific purpose of the research. It is
appropriate as this study is aimed to identify the motivational factors of the students,
The data collected for this RQ1 will be analysed using content analysis, which
is a technique that requires observation of the samples from the researcher through
human behaviour. This observation will somehow help the researcher to analyse the
samples’ communications from their responses. The interview will be recorded and
transcribed for the data analysis. The responses will be analysed, in which the
results and discussions will be used to make a generalization which represents the
whole population. Meanwhile the data for RQ2 will be analysed by using descriptive
statistics, in which to identify the scoring items in the questionnaire, frequency, mean
and standard deviation will be calculated. All the data will be analysed using a
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Bibliography :
5. Frankel, J.R., Wallen, N.E. & Hyun, H.H. (2012) “How to Design and Evaluate
Research in Education”. New York, McGraw-Hill.
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8. Larsen-Freeman, D. (1991, Summer). Acquisition research: Staking out the
territory.TESOL Quarterly, 25, 2, 315-350.
9. Medano, C. A., & Cano, R. (2009). Motivation and language learning: the
case of 5 successful independent students. Memorias del V Foro de Estudios
en Lenguas Internacional. ISBN 978-607-9015-05-3.
10. O’Malley, J., & Chamot, A. (1990). Learning strategies in second language
acquisition.New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
13. Reiss, M. A. (1985). The good language learner: Another look. The Canadian
Modern Language Review. 41 (3). 511-523.
15. Stern, H. (1992). Issues and options in language teaching. Oxford: OUP.
17. Weinstein, C.E., & Mayer, R.E. (1986). The teaching of learning strategies.
Handbook of research on teaching, (pp. 3 15-327). New York, NY: Macmillan,
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