11.
He always _____________ (wear) a raincoat and - to make a sudden decision at the moment of speaking (this
MODUL
BAHASA INGGRIS II
MEETING 2
TENSE REVIEW 1
Present Continuous Tense - Simple Present Tense
Past Tense - Past Continuous Tense
Present continuous
We use the present continuous
- for something that is happening at the moment of speaking, often
with now, at the moment, today etc.:
- A green lizard is chasing me.
- Are you running away from something?
- for something that is happening for a limited time in the present:
- I'm staying in Merton for a few months.
- to talk about future plans, often with tin expressions such as next
week, on Tuesday, tonight:.
- We're going to the cinema tonight. Is Trig coming?
Present simple
We use the present simple
- for things that repeatedly happen (or don't happen) especially
with always, often, usually, sometimes, never, every day etc.:
- I don't usually talk to aliens.
- for things and facts which do not usually change:
- I live in Kingsley.
- with verbs such as like, love, hate, dislike, know, believe, think:
- I love films.
Past simple
- We form the past simple with regular verbs (invent: invented, live:
lived) and Irregular verbs (wear: wore, meet: met)
- We use did + infinitive without to for questions, and did not or
didn't + infinitive without to for the negative.
- Did they wear jeans?
- They didn't wear their best clothes.
- We use the past simple for an action that started and finished in
the past, often with a time expression.
- He made the first pair of jeans in America.
Past continuous
- We form the past continuous with was/were + an ing form.
- he was travelling
- they were digging
- We make questions and negative forms like this:
- Was he travelling to New York?
- He was not (OR wasn't) travelling to New York.
- We use the past continuous for an action that was already
happening at a particular time in the past.
- When he met them, they were digging for gold.
Past simple or past continuous?
- When one action interrupts another, we use the past continuous
and the past simple together in one sentence.
- We use the past continuous (was travelling) for the longer action
and the past simple (met) for the shorter 'interrupting' action.
- Levi was travelling from New York to San Francisco when he met
some men.
PRACTICE
Put the verbs in brackets into the simple present or the present
continuous tense.
1. Cuckoos _____________ (not build) nests. They _____________
(use) the nests of other birds.
2. You can't see Tom now: he _____________ (have) a bath.
3. He usually _____________ (drink) coffee but today he
_____________ (drink) tea.
4. What she _____________ (do) in the evenings? —
She usually _____________ (play) cards or _____________
(watch) TV.
5. I won't go out now as it _____________ (rain) and I
_____________ (not have) an umbrella.
6. The last train _____________ (leave) the station at 11.30.
7. He usually _____________ (speak) so quickly that I
_____________ (not understand) him.
8. Ann _____________ (make) a dress for herself at the moment.
She _____________ (make) all her own clothes.
9. Hardly anyone _____________ (wear) a hat nowadays.
10. I'm afraid I've broken one of your coffee cups. — Don't worry. I
_____________ (not like) that set anyway.
11. I _____________ (wear) my sunglasses today because the sun
is very strong.
12. Tom can't have the newspaper now because his aunt
_____________ (read) it.
13. I'm busy at the moment. I _____________ (redecorate) the
sitting room.
14. The kettle _____________ (boil) now. Shall I make the tea?
15. How _____ you _____________ (get) to work as a rule?
I usually _____________ (go) by bus but tomorrow I (go) in
Tom's car.
PRACTICE 2 ever and never:
Put the verbs in brackets into the simple past or the past
continuous tense.
1. I lit the fire at 6.00 and it _____________(burn) brightly when
Tom came in at 7.00.
2. When I arrived the lecture had already started and the professor
_____________ (write) on the overhead projector.
3. I _____________ (make) a cake when the light went out. I had to
finish it in the dark.
4. I didn't want to meet Paul so when he entered the room I
_____________ (leave).
5. Unfortunately when I arrived Ann just _____________ (leave), so
we only had time for a few words.
6. He _____________ (watch) TV when the phone rang. Very
unwillingly he _____________ (turn) down the sound and
_____________ (go) to answer it.
7. He was very polite. Whenever his wife entered the room he
_____________ (stand} up.
8. The admiral _____________ (play) bowls when he received news
of the invasion. He (insist) on finishing the game.
9. My dog _____________ (walk) along quietly when Mr Pitt's
Pekinese _____________ (attack) him.
10 When I arrived she _____________ (have) lunch. She
_____________ apologize for starting without me but said that
she always _____________ (have) lunch at 12.30.
_____________ (carry) an umbrella when he walked to the
office.
12. What you _____________ (think) of his last book? — I
_____________ (like) it very much.
13. I _____________ (share) a flat with him when we were
students. He always _____________ (complain) about my
1 untidiness.
14. He suddenly _____________ (realize) that he _____________
(travel) in the wrong direction.
15. He _____________ (play) the guitar outside her house when
someone opened the window and _____________ (throw) out
a bucket of water.
16. I just _____________ (open) the letter when the wind
_____________ (blow) it out of my hand.
17. The burglar _____________ (open) the safe when he
_____________ (hear) footsteps. He immediately
_____________ (put) out his torch and _____________ (crawl)
under the bed.
18. When I _____________ (look) for my passport I _____________
(find) this old photograph.
19. You looked very busy when I _____________ (see) you last
night. What you _____________ (do)?
20. The boys _____________ (play) cards when they
_____________ (hear) their father's step. They immediately
_____________ (hide) the cards and (take) out their lesson
books.
MEETING 3
TENSE REVIEW 2
Present Perfect Tense - Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Future Tense - Past Perfect Tense
Present perfect simple
We use the present perfect simple
- for a completed action with just, already and yet:
- We've just finished.
- for a completed action which has an effect or result in the present:
- We've cleaned all the parts. (result: The engine looks like new.)
- for a completed action at an unknown or unstated time, often with
- You have never repaired a car before.
Present perfect continuous
We use the present perfect continuous
- for an action that begins in the past and continues up to the
present. The action may be finished or unfinished:
- The car has been making strange noises.
- with for and since and how long to emphasize how long an action
has been happening:
- We have been working on it for hours.
- often with the long action verbs play, learn, do, wait, live, rain,
work, sleep etc.:
- It has been raining all day.
Talking about the future
English doesn't have a future tense. We can use several forms to
express different ideas about the future.
We use will:
- to make predictions based on intuition, beliefs, opinions or
experience
- He'll make a good doctor. (this is my personal opinion)
- I think Indonesia will become a rich country one day.
- Janice won't win the 100 metres medal this year.
- Will he be here soon? Yes, he will./No, he won't.
- Who do you think will win the match?
can be making an offer, a promise or describing an intention):
- All right, I'll help you with the housework.
- I think I'll go for a walk, I have a slight headache.
- I won't go to the party after all.
- I'll always be your friend.
- I promise I won't be late.
- to make a request or invitation:
- Will you wait for me?
- Will you come to my party on Saturday?
We use be going to:
- to make a prediction about a future event because of something
we can see now:
- Look at those clouds; it's going to rain.
- He isn't going to pass the test. (we can see that he doesn't study
much)
- to express our intention to do something:
- I'm going to change my lifestyle radically.
- I'm going to study medicine.
- My parents are going to move to the country.
- Are you going to take up the new post? Yes, I am. /No, I'm not.
We use the Present Continuous
- to talk about future events that we have fixed or arranged:
- I'm starting a new job in June. (the arrangements have already
been made)
- We're going to the theatre tonight. (we've got the tickets)
We use the Present Simple
- to talk about future official events and timetables which we cannot
change:
- The conference begins on the 23rd of January.
- My plane leaves at 3.30 p.m. tomorrow.
- When does the concert start tomorrow?
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect expresses an activity that was complete before
another activity or time in the past.
Sam arrived at 10:00. Ann left at 9:30.
- Ann had already left when Sam arrived.
Adverb clauses with by the time are frequently used with the past
perfect in the main clause.
- By the time Sam got there, Ann had already left.
If either before or after is used in the sentence, the past perfect is
often not necessary because the time relationship is already clear.
The simple past may be used.
- Sam had left before Ann got there. = Sam left before Ann got
there.
- After the guests had left, I went to bed. = After the guests left, I
went to bed.
PRACTICE 1
Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box in the correct
form: present perfect or past simple.
be - break - earn - forget - give - go - have - offer - open - speak - tell
1. Bill _____________ away from school all this week.
2. Glenda _____________ to the cinema every weekend when she
was a student.
3. Pippa _____________ very quiet recently. Is she OK?
4. Eric _____________ the door before I rang the bell.
5. How long ______ Neil _____________ his present job?
6. ______ Tina _____________ to her parents since she left home?
7. Ow, that hurt! I think I _____________ my toe.
8. Jack _____________ me about his problems last night.
9. I _____________ Sue's mobile number. Do you have it?
10. Jane more money in her last job, but she enjoys this one more.
11. ______ Brian _____________ you his new address before he
moved house?
12. My brother _____________ to lend me his car tomorrow, so I
needn't get the bus.
PRACTICE 2 1. Samir (be) __________________ a newspaper reporter before he
Choose ten of the pictures and write true sentences about
yourself. Use the present perfect or past simple.
1. I _______________________ since last month
2. Yesterday I _______________________ Passive : The boy will not be helped by Marry.
3. In the past six months I _______________________
4. Since my last birthday I _______________________ PASSIVE VOICE ALL TENSES
5. I recently.
6. Last year I _______________________ Passive : The boy is not going to be helped by Marry.
7. Six months ago I _______________________ Study the following ative and passive sentences
8. I _______________________ when I was a child.
9. I _______________________ yesterday evening.
10. This week I _______________________
PRACTICE 3 Passive : The boy is helped by Marry.
Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box and will or
going to.
read - work - not watch - travel - live
remain - not rain - have - watch - use - not be
1. What do I think about phones in the future?
There _______________ phones in houses, everyone
mobile phones and your phone number _______________ the
same all your life.
2. My sister _______________ a baby in December.
3. In my opinion, we _______________ e-books rather than paper
books in the future.
4. We _______________ films on TV in ten years time,
we _______________ DVDs instead, I believe.
5. You don't need an umbrella. Look at the sky, it's blue and there
aren't any clouds — it _______________ today.
6. Do you think that people _______________ to other
planets in the future?
7. Intelligent houses already exist and scientists are developing new
ideas all the time. It's clear everyone _______________ in
intelligent houses in the next 20 years.
8. I think I _______________ in a school in the future. I want to be
a teacher.
PRACTICE 4 (h) be going to
Use the simple past or the past perfect form of the verbs in
parentheses to complete the sentences. In some cases, either
tense is correct.
(become) __________________ a businessman.
2. I (feel) __________________ a little better after I (take)
__________________ the medicine.
3. I was late. The teacher (give, already) __________________ a
quiz when I (get) __________________ to class.
4. It was raining hard, but by the time class (be)
__________________ over, the rain (stop)
__________________ Active : Mary hasn’t helped the boy.
5. Millions of years ago, dinosaurs (roam) __________________ the
earth, but they (become) __________________ extinct by the
time people first (appear)
6. I (see, never) any of Picasso's paintings before I (visit)
__________________ the art museum.
7. After work, I went to Rosa's office to give her a ride hone, but I
couldn't find her. She (leave) __________________ with someone
else.
8. I got ready to pay the bill, but when I (look) __________________
in my pocket, I discovered that I (leave) __________________
my wallet at home. With some embarrassment, I told my friend
that I ( forget) __________________ my wallet. She kindly (offer)
__________________ to pay my part of the bill for me.
MEETING 5
PASSIVE VOICE 1
AFFIRMATIVE
(a) simple present Active : Does Mary help the boy?
Active : Mary helps the boy.
(b) present progressive Active : Is Mary helping the boy?
Active : Mary is helping the boy.
Passive : The boy is being helped by Marry.
(c) present perfect
Active : Mary has helped the boy.
Passive : The boy has been helped by Marry.
(d) simple past Active : Did Mary help the boy?
Active : Mary helped the boy.
Passive : The boy was helped by Marry.
(e) past progressive Active : Was Mary helping the boy?
Active : Mary was helping the boy.
Passive : The boy was being helped by Marry.
(f) past perfect
Active : Mary had helped the boy.
Passive : The boy had been helped by Marry.
(g) simple future Active : Will Mary help the boy?
Active : Mary will help the boy.
Passive : The boy will be helped by Marry.
Active : Mary is going to help the boy.
Passive : The boy is going to be helped by Marry.
NEGATIVE
(a) simple present
Active : Mary doesn’t help the boy.
Passive : The boy isn’t helped by Marry.
(b) present progressive 3. The teacher is going to explain the lesson.
Active : Mary isn’t helping the boy.
Passive : The boy isn’t being helped by Marry.
(c) present perfect
Passive : The boy hasn’t been helped by Marry.
(d) simple past 11. Does Prof. Shapiro teach that course? No, he doesn't teach it.
Active : Mary didn’t help the boy.
Passive : The boy wasn’t helped by Marry.
(e) past progressive 13. The speech was given by Anwar.
Active : Mary wasn’t helping the boy.
Passive : The boy wasn’t being helped by Marry.
(f) past perfect
Active : Mary hadn’t helped the boy.
Passive : The boy hadn’t been helped by Marry.
(g) simple future
Active : Mary will not help the boy.
(h) be going to 1. A strange thing happened yesterday. (no change)
Active : Mary is not going to help the boy.
INTERROGATIVE
(a) simple present
Passive : Is the boy helped by Marry?
(b) present progressive
Passive : Is The boy being helped by Marry?
(c) present perfect
Active : Has Mary helped the boy?
Passive : Has the boy been helped by Marry?
(d) simple past
Passive : Was the boy helped by Marry?
(e) past progressive
Passive : Was the boy being helped by Marry?
(f) past perfect
Active : Had Mary helped the boy?
Passive : Had the boy been helped by Marry?
(g) simple future
Passive : Will the be helped by Marry?
(h) be going to
Active : Is Mary going to help the boy?
Passive : Is the boy going to be helped by Marry?
PRACTICE 1
Change the active to passive.
1. Shakespeare wrote that play.
2. Do waitresses and waiters serve customers?
4. Two horses were pulling the farmer's wagon.
5. Toshi will not invite Yoko to the party.
6. Alex is not preparing that report.
7. Had Kathy returned the book to the library?
8. Miriam has designed several public buildings.
9. His tricks won't fool me.
10. I didn't write that note. Did Jim write it?
12. Mrs. Andrews hasn't signed those papers yet. Has Mr. Andrews
signed them yet?
Change the passive to active.
14. Our assignments are going to be corrected by the teaching
assistant.
15. Was the electric light bulb invented by Thomas Edison? ,16. The
speed limit on Highway 5 isn't obeyed by most drivers.
17. Have you been informed of the rent increase by the building
manager?
PRACTICE 2
Change the active verbs to passive if possible. Some verbs are
intransitive and cannot be changed.
2. Jackie scored the winning goal. ---> The winning goal was scored
by Jackie.
3. I agree with Dr. Ikeda's theory.
4. Dr. Ikeda developed that theory.
5. A hurricane destroyed the small fishing village.
6. A large vase stands in the corner of our front hallway.
7. The children seemed happy when they went to the zoo.
8. After class, one of the students always erases the board.
9. The solution to my problem appeared to one in a dream.
10. Our plan succeeded at last.
11. Barbara traveled to Uganda last year.
12. A special committee is going to seal the dispute.
13. Did the police catch the thief?
14. This room is a mess. What happened?
USING THE PASSIVE
(a) Rice is grown in Usually the passive is used without a
India. by-phrase. The passive is most frequently
(b) Our house was used when it is not known or not important
built in 1980. to know exactly who performs an action.
(c) This olive oil was In (a): Rice is grown in India by people, by
imported from farmers, by someone. It is not known or
Crete. important to know exactly who grows rice in
India.
Examples (a), (b), and (c) illustrate the most
common use of the passive, i.e., without the
by-phrase.
(d) My aunt made If the speaker knows who performs an
this rug. (active) action, usually the active is used, as in (d).
(e) This rug was made by Sometimes, even when the speaker (d) I locked the door five When the passive form is used 9. I'm sorry. You _____________ not _____________ for the job.
my aunt. knows who performs an action, he/ minutes ago. to describe an existing situation We need someone with a degree in electrical engineci ng.
That rug was made by she chooses to use the passive with (e) The door was locked by me or state, as in (c), (f), and (i), it is 10. I love my wife. I _____________ to a wonderful woman.
my mother. the by-phrase in order to focus five minutes ago. called the "non-progressive 11. We can't eat this fruit. It _____________. We'll have to throw it
(f) Life on the attention on the subject of a (f) Now the door is locked. passive." In the non-progressive: out.
Mississippi was sentence. (g) Ann broke the window • no action is taking place; the 12. We'd better call a plumber. The water won't go down the drain.
written by Mark In (e): The focus of attention is on yesterday. action happened earlier. The drain _____________ with food.
Twain. two rugs. In (f): The focus is on the (h) The window was broken by • there is no by-phrase. 13. Vietnam _____________ in Southeast Asia.
book, but the by-phrase is Ann. • the past participle functions as 14. A: How old is Juan?
included because it contains (i) Now the window is broken. an adjective. B: He _____________ in 1980.
important information. 15. A: The TV set isn't working.
( j ) I am interested in Chinese Prepositions other than by can B: Are you sure? _____________ it _____________.
art. follow non-progressive passive
PRACTICE 3 ( k ) He is satisfied with his job. verbs.
Discuss why passive was chosen for these sentences instead of ( I ) Ann is married to Alex.
active. (m) I don't know where I am. I Sentences (m) through (p) are
1. My sweater was made in England. am lost. examples of idiomatic usage of the
Reason: (n) I can't find my purse. It is passive form in common, everyday
The speaker or writer probably uses the passive here because gone. English. These sentences have no
he or she doesn't know who made the sweater. Using an active (o) I am finished with my work. equivalent active sentences.
sentence (Someone made my sweater in England) wouldn't add ( p) I am done with my work.
any important information.
2. The new highway will be completed sometime next month.
3. The World Cup soccer games are being televised all over the
world this year. PRACTICE 1
4. This composition was written by Ali. That one was written by Complete the sentences with the non-progressive passive of the
Mariko. verbs in parentheses. Use the simple present or the simple past.
5. The Washington Monument is visited by hundreds of people 1. Olga is wearing a blouse. It (make) _____________ made of
every day. cotton.
6. Bananas originated in Asia but now are grown in the tropics of 2. The door to this room _____________ (shut)
both hemispheres of the world. They were introduced to the 3. The lights in this room (turn) _____________ on.
Americas in 1516. 4. This room _____________ (crowd, not)
5. We can leave now because class _____________ (finish)
6. It is hot in this room because the window _____________
PRACTICE 4 (close)
Make complete sentences with the given words. Use the simple 7. Yesterday it was hot in this room because the window
past. Some are active, and some are passive. _____________ (close)
1. We \ allow, not \ to go to the park alone when we were young 8. We are ready to sit down and eat dinner. The table
2. A package \ deliver \ to our apartment yesterday _____________ (set) the meat and rice _____________ (do)
3. Maria \ teach \ her son to read when he was three and the candles _____________ (light)
4. When I was in elementary school, we \ require \ to wear uniform 9. Where's my wallet? It (go) _____________ Did you take it?
5. As we watched, the airplane \ disappear \ into the clouds 10. Hmmm. My dress (tear) _____________. I wonder how that
6. I \ agree \ with your decision yesterday happened.
7. Timmy \ drop \ a plate after dinner last night
8. The plate \ fall \ to the floor with a crash PRACTICE 2
9. What \ happen \ yesterday
10. Something very sad \ happen \ yesterday Complete each sentence with an appropriate form of the words in
11. My cat \ hit \ by a speeding truck the list.
12. She \ kill \ instantly
bear crowd locate plug in spoil
block divorce lose qualify stick
MEETING 6 confuse exhaust marry schedule turn off

1. Excuse me, sir. Could you give me some directions? I

PASSIVE VOICE 2
NON PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE & THE PASSIVE WITH GET
Non Progressive Passive
(a) The door is old. In (a) and (b): old and green are
(b) The door is green. adjectives. They describe the door.
(c) The door is locked. In (c): locked is a past participle. It
is used as an adjective. It describes
the door.
____________ lost
2. Let's find another restaurant. This one ____________ too
____________. We would have to wait at least an hour for a
table.
3. The meeting ____________ for tomorrow at nine.
4. That's hard work! I ____________. I need to rest for a while.
5. You told me one thing, and John told me another. I don't know
what to think. I ____________
6. Annie can't close the window. It ____________
7. Louise is probably sleeping. The lights in her room ____________
8. Carolyn and Joe were married to each other for five years,
but now they ____________