PHY 2049 M. Coman file:///E:/marius-usb-disk/2049-lectures/phy2049-chap26-slides...

M. Coman

Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Tipler and Mosca, W. H. Freeman

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu
The McGraw-Hill Companies. http://www.mcgraw-hill.com
Tillery, Integrated Science 2nd and 3rd edition
Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org
uwinnipeg.ca
bu.edu
utk.edu

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following
two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device
must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operation.

A charged particle moving with a velocity

→ in an external electric field is subject to a
force:
→ →

A charged particle moving with a velocity

→ in an external magnetic field is subject to a
force:
→ → →→
Lorentz

→ → → →
→ →
If we adjust , and in such a way that goes straight through, ie 0:
→ → →→

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→ →
If conductor is not straight, we divide it into infinitesimal segments:
→ → →

→
A uniform external electric field, exerts no net force on a dipole but it does exert a
couple (torque) sin ; which tends to rotate the dipole into the direction of the
field.
→ → →
Polar molecules ( , ) –have easily induced
Electric Dipole Moments ( ) due to an
asymmetric distribution of charge within the
molecule.
Symmetric molecules , have smaller induced

→
The direction of given by Right Hand Rule:

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→
The direction of given by Right Hand Rule:
At a distance a from the wire with current the
magnetic field due to the wire is:

2
A second parallel wire carrying current is at a
distance a from the first →:
→→
→
→

2 2

→
The direction of given by Right Hand Rule:
Parallel conductors carrying current in the same
direction attract each other.
Parallel conductors carrying currents in opposite
directions repel each other.

The chosen definition is that for 1 ,

The amp is made to be such that 2 ⋅ 10 7 when 1amp
This choice does two things (1) it makes the amp (and also the
volt) have very convenient magnitudes for every day life and
(2) it fixes the size of μ0 = 4π×10−7. Note ε0 = 1/(μ0c2). All
the other units follow almost automatically.
it makes the amp (and also the volt) have very
convenient magnitudes
it fixes the size of 4 ⋅ 10 7.
1
⋅

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Consider any circular path of radius centered on the wire carrying current .
→ →
Evaluating the scalar product ⋅ around this path:
→ →
Since and are parallel at all points along the path
and is constant →
→ → →
⋅ 2

→ →
So the sum of all the ⋅ terms around the circle is

In a cyclotron, the potential difference between the dees oscillates with a period given
by 2 . Show that the expression to the right of the equal sign has units of

seconds if , and have units of coulombs, teslas, 

  and kilograms, respectively.
 

A nucleus has a charge equal to +3e and a mass that is equal to the mass of seven
protons. The nucleus and a proton are both moving perpendicular to a uniform
magnetic field . The magnitude of the momentum of the proton is equal to the
magnitude of the momentum of the nucleus. The path of the proton has a radius of
curvature equal to and the path of the nucleus has a radius of curvature equal to

. Calculate the ratio

Solution:         → solve for

Oersted experiment
1 Why does the magnetic needle deviate from its initial position/direction ?
2 Does the direction of he magnetic ield generated by circulating the current through loop
change when changing the polarity ?

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Estimate the maximum magnetic force per meter that Earth's magnetic field could exert
on a current-carrying wire in a 20-A circuit in your house. 0.5 10 .
Solution:
→ → →
sin      when is the maximum ?

A point particle has a charge equal to 3.64 and a velocity equal to 2.75 10 ^.

Find the force on the charge if the magnetic field is :

(a) 0.3
(b)0.7 ^ 0.7
(c) 0.2 ^ 0.4 ^

A current-carrying wire is bent into a

closed semicircular loop of radius that
lies in the plane. The wire is in a
uniform magnetic field that is in the +z
direction, as shown. Calculate the force
acting on the loop.
Solution:
→ → →
→ → → 

2
→

sin

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A wire segment 3 long carries a current of 3 in the direction. It lies in a

magnetic field of magnitude 0.02 that is in the plane and makes an angle of 30
with the direction, as shown. What is the magnetic force exerted on the wire
segment?

Solution:
→ → →
→
sin 30 ^

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A current flows in a wire that is oriented as shown. Which of the vectors represent the
magnetic field that results in a maximum force on the wire?

A proton of mass
1.67 ⋅ 10 and
charge
1.6 ⋅ 10
moves in a circle of radius
21 perpendicular to
a magnetic field
4000 . Find (a) the
period of the motion and
(b) the speed of the
proton.
2

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An instrument for identification and quantification of unknown substances based on their

ratio.
One type of
spectrometer
produces positive
ions (usually singly
charged) by
bombarding neutral
atoms with x-rays
or a beam of
electrons.
(Electrons are
knocked out of the
atoms by the X rays
or bombarding
electrons.)
These ions are
accelerated by an
electric field and
enter a uniform
magnetic field.
The ions move in a
semicircle of radius

, and
strike a
photographic plate
at point P2, a
distance 2r from
the point P1 where
the ions entered
the magnetic field.
Their initial
velocity : Δ

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Separating Isotopes of Nickel A ion of charge and mass 9.62 ⋅ 10 is

accelerated through a potential drop of 3 and deflected in a magnetic field of 0.12 .
(a) Find the radius of curvature of the orbit of the ion. (b) Find the difference in the radii
of curvature of ions and ions. (Assume that the mass ratio is 58: 60.)
Solution: Δ

The Forces exerted by a uniform magnetic field on a rectangular loop whose normal unit
vector makes an angle with the magnetic field .
The net
force on
the loop
is zero.
The
forces
and
have the

magnitude ⋅ ⋅ and form a couple.

The magnitude of the torque is:
sin sin
If the wire loop has turns, the torque is
sin
Solution: Δ

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The torque can be written conveniently in terms of the magnetic dipole moment
→ (also
referred to simply as the magnetic moment) of the current loop.
→
Comparing our equation for the torque on a current loop in a magnetic field with the
torque on an electric dipole, we see that the expressions are the same
→ → →

A circular loop of radius 2 has 10 turns of wire and carries a current of 3 . The axis
of the loop makes an angle of 30 with a magnetic field of 8000 . Find the magnitude
of the torque on the loop.
→ → → sin sin

A transverse voltage that has its origin in

the magnetic force on a moving charge
carrier.
When an flows through a conductor in a
, the magnetic field exerts a transverse
force on the moving
The tends to push to one side of the
conductor.
A buildup of charge at the sides of the
conductors will balance this magnetic
influence;
This produces a measurable between the two sides of the conductor.

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Because blood contains ions, moving blood develops a Hall voltage across the diameter of
an artery. A large artery that has a diameter of 0.85 can have blood flowing through

it with a maximum speed of 0.60 . If a section of this artery is in a magnetic field of

0.20 , what is the maximum potential difference across the diameter of the artery?
Solution:

A particle has a charge , a mass , a linear momentum of magnitude and a kinetic

energy . The particle moves in a circular orbit of radius perpendicular to a uniform
→
magnetic field . Write and in terms of and !
Solution:

The galactic magnetic field in some region of interstellar space has a magnitude of
1.00 10 – . A particle of interstellar dust has a mass of 10.0 g and a total
charge of 0.300 nC. How many years does it take for the particle to complete revolution
of the circular orbit caused by its interaction with the magnetic field?
Solution:
2

→ solve for

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A beam of singly ionized and ions passes through a velocity selector and enters a
region of uniform magnetic field with a velocity that is perpendicular to the direction of
the field. If the diameter of the orbit of the ions is 15 cm, what is the diameter of
the orbit for ions? Assume their mass ratio is 7:6.
Solution:

→ solve for How is related to ?

A metal crossbar of mass rides on a parallel pair of long

horizontal conducting rails separated by a distance and
connected to a device that supplies constant current to the
circuit. The circuit is in a region with a uniform magnetic field
whose direction is vertically downward. There is no friction
and the bar starts from rest at 0. (a) In which direction
will the bar start to move? (b) Determine the speed of the bar
at .
Solution:

A serendipitous discovery of radar research,

Uses a magnetron to trap electronic oscillations with
wavelengths between .001 and 10 .

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