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BEN ROSS
BEN.R001@GMAIL.COM
HTTP://VOAKL.NET
TALKING SOUTHERN AUCKLAND
MARCH 2018
Ben Ross
The elections have been and gone but the journey continues as projects like
Transform Manukau and the Airport Line continue to gather steam.
https://www.slideshare.net/lwolberg/cities-11-urban-geography-111
As an Urban Geographer I have a keen interest (and passion) in how cities work and
how we can build better cities from knowing how spatial patterns create those
patterns observed in an urban area. My interest in Urban Geography would start
from those Sim City 2000 days and continue through to today’s advance
urban/transport simulator Cities Skylines (see: Ben’s Cities).
The blog itself started as VOAKL back in December 2011 before and Talking
Auckland in 2013.
One of my major Urban Geography (and Planning) engagements was with the Unitary Plan that
is now operative in part. I was engaged with stakeholders, residents and other like-minded
groups and individuals from across the city in assisting them with Unitary Plan information,
questions and submissions. Through Talking Auckland I also ran extensive balanced
commentary from day one on the Unitary Plan. This commentary has gone noticed and picked
up mentions ranging from then Deputy Mayor Penny Hulse (and current Deputy Mayor Bill
Cashmore) to Russell Brown at Public Address, to youth organisation Generation Zero.
With the Unitary Plan operative (in part) and Area Plans soon to be formed, Talking Auckland
shifted their main focus to a project close to my heart – Transform Manukau. Transform Manukau
is a large (600ha) urban regeneration project led by Auckland Council’s property and
development arm Panuku Development Auckland. The story of Transform Manukau can be
watched through the series here on Talking Auckland.
Southern Auckland is my and Talking Auckland’s home. Despite often the negative
stereotypes again Southern it is a region we all love both physically and for its social
and cultural diversity as well (South Auckland – The Rising Jewel in Auckland’s
Crown).
Note: I do not work for nor am contracted to Auckland Council or its Council Control
Organisations such as Auckland Transport or Panuku Development Auckland.
Focus area 2: Provide accessible services and social infrastructure that are
responsive in meeting people's evolving needs
Feeds back into Focus area 1 (Focus area 1: Create safe opportunities for people to meet,
connect, participate in, and enjoy community and civic life)
Parks and Open Space provision policy deeply flawed and should be redone from scratch to
meet the requirements of the Auckland Plan.
Parks are too big and underutilised, too much focus on destination parks (that are not linked
properly to the transit and active transport systems) while note enough focus on “pocket
parks” being sprinkled liberally through Brownfield and Greenfield developments (local parks
used by local people promoting local communities that are actually connected).
See: https://voakl.net/2018/02/05/sociable-neighbourhoods-reconnecting-isolated-suburbia/
and https://voakl.net/2018/01/24/urban-design-urban-geography-and-green-utility-vs-the-city-
budget-a-citiesskylines-lesson/ for more
Refer to Focus Area Two and the Development Strategy in regards to Transport and Nodes
See Outcome: Belonging and participation Focus Area 2 on flawed Open Spaces policy
Ties into development strategy especially around the Nodes, also fleshes out how the
Direction would work (needs to reference the Unitary Plan
Mention of extra 320,000 homes by 2050 does not line up with the Unitary Plan which has
capacity 422,000 homes. Either UP drops its capacity or AP lifts its capacity so they both
match.
Modular, Prefab and full automation to allow builds offsite, shipped and assembled onsite
needed to get on top of housing need
Building Act badly out of date and not suited for purpose as exposed in Topics 059-063
Residential Zones Unitary Plan debate 2013-2016.
Direction 4: Provide sufficient public places and spaces that are inclusive,
accessible and contribute to urban living
Agree fully
Focus area 2: Increase security of tenure and broaden the range of tenure
models, particularly for those most in need
rent-to-buy models
Focus area 3: Improve the built quality of existing dwellings, particularly rental
housing
introducing compulsory 'warrants of fitness' for all rental properties and using levers
to enforce minimum standards
Clarifying the relative ambiguity of the provisions under the Residential Tenancies
Act.
I do note that Auckland Council needs to push Central Government much harder to have the
Building Act 2004 replaced so that developments like Ockham’s Daisy become standard
bearers in higher density zones.
Council should also push for more coercive powers when “addressing the inability or
unwillingness of some owners to attend to repairs, maintenance and needed upgrades” –
that is the property is banned from being tenanted until such repairs are made and the house
brought to standard.
Focus area 5: Create urban spaces for the future, focusing investment in areas
of highest population density and greatest need
consider all publicly owned land as potential public space and able to contribute to
greening the city
use existing public places and spaces as effectively and efficiently as possible
Ensure our public places and spaces are accessible for people of all age groups and
physical abilities.
The use of public places continues to evolve in ways that are difficult to predict. It is
important that they are designed to be multi-functional in use and adaptable in the future.
And
First, we need to shift our perception of what a public space ought to be.
Second, we need to adopt different approaches to the design of public places so they:
can perform many functions at the same time, giving people flexibility in how they use
them, and finding the right balance between the various functions of a space
Connect areas and residents to each other and to the amenities they value.
Auckland is already starting to recognise the value of turning its public places to new and
multiple uses. This needs to be accelerated.
While some parts of Auckland are well served with quality public places and spaces, others
are not.
those areas that undergo significant growth and where population densities are
increasing
Those parts of Auckland that are currently under-served and where it will make the
most difference to quality of life.
restructuring streets and other public land into new public places and spaces that
support housing intensification and centre development, and provide safe
environments for the people who use them
Communities where real improvements in quality of life can be achieved, using place
based initiatives. These combine investment in public spaces, service centres and
community facilities to achieve broader social, cultural, environmental and economic
outcomes.
Greater emphasis on smaller pocket park type green spaces sprinkled liberally through a
community rather than reliance on larger centralised destination parks that are expensive
acquire, build and maintain. Centralised parks also contribute to localised traffic congestion
in comparison to smaller pocket parks throughout the community.
See following blog post for more: Urban Design, Urban geography and Green utility vs the
City Budget. A #CitiesSkylines Lesson
Agree with the tenants of the text. However, it must be adaptive to changes such as central
Urban Development Authorities and Inter Regional Spatial Planning:
Agree in general:
an overall increase in funding from recent levels to keep up with Auckland's growth
ensuring funding is prioritised by need rather than mode, and through fair and
consistent funding arrangements between central government, Auckland Council and
the private sector
access to jobs
traffic congestion
However, where are the actual measurements and KPIs that were often seen in the
Auckland Plan 2012? In order to reach the outcomes mentioned above while complying with
the Government Policy Statement on Access, Safety, Resilience and Low Carbon the
Auckland Plan needs some KPIs that can be enforced against it.
The easiest way is using the 30/45min access to an employment centre measure that is
international best practice. That is a percentage of residents are within 30 minutes of and/or
their employment centre by car or 45 minutes by transit and/or active modes.
Thus the Auckland Plan 2050 should have the following goals that are tied to each Long
Term Plan while being reviewed every six years (when the Auckland Plan itself is reviewed):
First five years: 50% of all urban residents within 30/45 minutes of a/their major
employment centre
Second five years: 65%
Third five years: 75%
Beyond completion of last five years: 85% and this becomes the minimum
benchmark from there on
The Unitary Plan would be reviewed subsequently to make sure the zones are adequate to
meet the 30/45 minute requirement set in the Auckland Plan and possible GPS
Ideals set in Direction One are noble and will go in-depth on it in the respective Focus areas
and the Development Strategy.
Inter-regional passenger rail has the potential to reduce travel times between Auckland and
Hamilton to just over an hour, and reduce times between Tauranga and Auckland to around
two hours.
provide an express rail service within Auckland, which would reduce travel times
between Auckland city centre and Auckland Airport (via connection at Puhinui
Station)
provide options for residents of northern Waikato to commute to Auckland for work
Reduce congestion, transport related emissions and deaths and injuries occurring on
the road network.
Past proposals for improving passenger rail services have not provided sufficiently attractive
travel times and frequencies to encourage use.
This is because they have been based on the use of existing slow trains and on Britomart
station's network capacity constraints.
For rail to be successful, it will require a substantial programme of investment that includes:
completion of the City Rail Link to enable use of Britomart station by regional trains
track upgrades within Auckland (including a third or fourth main line on busy sections
of track) to separate fast inter-regional trains from commuter trains
However, while Greater Auckland has a time frame on the optimum roll out of RRR (backed
by Central Government) Auckland has lacked for its part foundational work on inter-regional
spatial planning on how RRR will foster interactions with the Waikato and Bay of Plenty.
Yes Central Government will take lead role in any inter regional spatial planning with
Auckland contributing in. For example the Auckland Plan makes mention:
provide an express rail service within Auckland, which would reduce travel times
between Auckland city centre and Auckland Airport (via connection at Puhinui
Station)
Council needs to be very specific when they would like and support bus lanes from Puhinui
Station to the Airport on the proviso that it will become Light Rail when SH20B is widened.
Consequently what will Council do to facilitate better urban developments around RTN
routes and Stations such as the Southern Airport Line (Botany to Airport RTN)?
Direction 2: Increase genuine travel choices for a healthy, vibrant and equitable
Auckland
See remarks regarding Transport Access and Outcomes (30/45 KPI) and above with inter
regional spatial planning
Focus area 2: Target new transport investment to the most significant challenges
See above
Focus area 4: Make walking, cycling and public transport preferred choices for
many more Aucklanders
As Auckland grows, competition for limited street space will increase. Auckland
Transport's Roads and Streets Framework outlines an approach to providing greater priority
to pedestrians and place making. It does this through:
slower speeds
safer intersections
Better integration of land use and transport to support quality urban living will include:
designing and managing streets in a way that makes it easier for people to get
around and enjoy the places in which they live and work, using good design to
manage any trade-offs between vehicle movement and place making functions.
https://voakl.net/2018/01/16/redesigning-the-transit-network-citiesskylines-style-lessons-for-
auckland/
https://voakl.net/2018/01/22/the-southern-airport-line-and-transit-orientated-developments-
rethinking-transit-and-developments-in-auckland/
https://voakl.net/2018/01/26/uk-looks-at-lite-light-rail-could-it-have-applications-for-auckland/
https://voakl.net/2018/02/07/autonomous-vehicles-transit-the-city-and-urban-geography-an-
urban-geographers-look/
https://voakl.net/2018/02/13/rapid-regional-rail-and-the-southern-airport-line/
https://voakl.net/2018/02/19/the-southern-airport-line-more-than-a-light-rail-line-a-
community-and-city-builder-too/
https://voakl.net/2018/02/22/manukau-bus-station-build-nears-completion-open-date-set-for-
april-bike-facilities-poor/
https://voakl.net/2018/02/27/urban-geography-201-building-transit-right-first-time-everytime-
lessons-from-strong-towns/
https://voakl.net/2018/03/05/aucklandplan2050-transport-linking-auckland-in-and-out/
https://voakl.net/2018/03/20/national-policy-statement-on-urban-development-mk2-transit-
orientated-developments-present-opportunity/
Development Strategy
Agree in general with the Development Strategy however, disagree certain parts including:
Auckland is anticipated to grow significantly over the next 30 years. To make sure that we
build on its strengths and hold on to the things that are dear to us during this growth, we
need to plan for how and where Auckland will grow.
Over the next 30 years this number could grow by another 740,000 people to reach 2.4
million. This means Auckland will need many more dwellings – possibly another 320,000,
and room for extra jobs – possibly another 270,000.
Growth on this scale is significant, and requires us to work together and ensure we have a
clear understanding of where and when investment in planning and infrastructure will be
made – this is what the Development Strategy provides.
………..
Those dwelling and population figures are not lining up with the Unitary Plan, the Auckland
Plan 2012 nor Statistics New Zealand actual and projected population numbers.
The Auckland Plan 2012 has Auckland requiring 400,000 new homes with a minimum 60%
in Brownfield areas and a maximum of 40% in Greenfield areas. The Unitary Plan met this
by allowing capacity for 422,000 new homes.
Having the Auckland Plan 2050 drop the dwelling count to 320,000 for 740,000 new
residents (AP2012 and AUP has 1 million new residents) defies the reality that Auckland is
still in High Population Growth and Trajectories – not medium as the AP2050 assumes.
Also this part will need to be altered to match the above changes as well:
The Auckland Plan 2050 - Our development strategy - Auckland’s capacity for growth
In regards with the Nodes as mentioned below from the Development Strategy:
A multi-nodal model
Over the next 30 years, Auckland will move towards a multi-nodal model within the urban
footprint.
The city centre will continue to be the focus of Auckland's business, tourism, and
educational, cultural and civic activities. It will continue to be an important residential centre
as well.
The areas around Albany, Westgate and Manukau will emerge as nodes which are critical to
growth across the region.
They will become significant hubs of a broad range of business and employment activity,
civic services and residential options.
These areas, with their large catchments, will accommodate substantial growth in the north,
north-west and south and will be interconnected by a range of efficient transport links.
Outside the core urban area, the satellite towns of Warkworth and Pukekohe will act as rural
nodes.
They will:
………
Support the concept of the Nodes and the places that became Nodes fully. However, the
development strategy for the Nodes as mentioned here is off and does not match other
projected including Panuku led urban regeneration programs: The Auckland Plan 2050 - Our
development strategy - Anticipated growth - where and when
Having your Nodes in years 1-3 as a Development Area makes no sense especially as these
nodes are your larger and largest Metropolitan Centres. The table also does not align with
wider projects that might be underway such as Transform Manukau – a 30 year urban
regeneration program. So in this case would it not make sense to have the Nodes spread
right through the year 1-30 Development Area program especially Manukau and the City
Centre?
Also any reason Papakura Metropolitan Centre not included on this Development Area table
at all? It is our southernmost Metropolitan Centre and nearest to the large Drury-Pukekohe
Greenfield development area but no mention of specific development and investment for the
Metropolitan Centre.
The outline of the expected timeframe of key transit projects is incorrect although I
acknowledge it could change when the ATAP and new GPS come out late March – early
April (so outside of the consultation window for the Auckland Plan 2050).
None-the-less the below timeframes do not line up with the urgent need to get key
infrastructure projects off the ground.
Years 1 - 3
Years 4 - 10 (2021 - 2027) Years 11 - 30 (2028 - 2048)
(2018 - 2020)
………
Again it is noted the ATAP and GPS can change the outcome on transit investment.
Future Auckland
Agree with text although disagree with timing on the Development Areas timeframe for the
Nodes and the exclusion of Papakura Metropolitan Centre as mentioned above.
Agree with the text. Strong emphasis needs to be made on the following:
Why we have an 800 metre walk up catchment to Local, Town or Metropolitan Centre
The Role of Transit Orientated Developments:
o Any Centre that has an RTN station within it has the opportunity to support
even greater intensified developments within 800 metres of the RTN Station
than otherwise normally allowed under the Unitary Plan zone given to that
Centre]
o Areas within 400 metres of an FTN stop or station has the opportunity to
support moderate levels of further intensification than otherwise normally
allowed under the Unitary Plan zone given to that FTN area
See here for Green Utility and neighbourhood developments: Urban Design, Urban
geography and Green utility vs the City Budget. A #CitiesSkylines Lesson
Business areas
Agree with the text in general however, to make best use of industrial land:
Recognise that the Southdown-Penrose heavy industrial complex will decamp over
the next thirty years and become residential and commercial areas as the Isthmus
continues to grow in population
In recognition of that decamping make sure adequate land in the South and around
Westgate is provided as heavy industry continues to move away from central
Auckland (land use pressures and price of land)
Provision of at least an FTN system to connect residential and commercial areas to
the heavy industrial complexes
Provision of land and protection of corridors for multi-modal freight hubs like Wiri and
Metroport and any future sites such as Drury South
End of submission