ACID :Chemical

 substance  that  ionises  in  water  to  produce  hydrogen  ion  ,  H+  

ALKALI :Chemical  substance  that  ionises  in  water  to  produce  hydroxide  ion  ,  OH-­‐   ACID AND BASES

BASE : Chemical substance that reacts with acid to produce salt and water
SITI NORHAYATI MOHD MOKHTAR

NEUTRALISATION : Reaction between acid an alkali to produce salt and water




WEAK ACID
WEAK ALKALI
Formula

Acid  that  ionises  par:ally  in  water  to    Alkali  that  ionises  par:ally  in  water   Concentration in gdm-3

produce  low  concentra:on  of  H+   to  produce  low  concentra:on  of  OH-­‐   = mass of solute (g)

eg  :  CH3COOH   eg  :  NH3   volume of solution (dm3)

   

Concentration in mol dm-3 (molarity)

    = Number of moles of solute (mol)

pH  value   volume of solution (dm3)

 1    3    7    9  
 14  
Conversion of unit of concentration

Concentration ÷molar mass Molarity


STRONG ALKALI
(gdm )-3 (mol dm-3 )

STRONG ACID
Alkali  that  ionises  completely  in  water  to   × molar mass

Acid  that  ionises  completely  in  water  to   produce  high  concentra:on  of  OH-­‐  
Dilution method

produce  high  concentra:on  of  H+  

eg  :  KOH   ,  NaOH   M1V1 = M2V2

Example :

 

•  MONOPROTIC ACID : HCl , HNO3

  Neutralisa*on  reac*on  

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
(  acid  +  alkali  à  salt  and  water  )  
• 
DIPROTIC ACID : H2SO4

  Acid
MaVa  =  a  

MbVb      b  
  a)  Acid + metal à salt + H2




b)  Acid + metal oxide / alkali à salt + H2O
Number of moles :

MONOPROTIC ACID : acid that ionises in c)  Acid + metal carbonate à salt +H2O + CO2
Solid (g) n = mass .

water to produce 1 mol of H+ per molecule
Alkali
molar mass


HCl à H+ + Cl-
a)  Alkali+ ammonium salt à salt + H2O + NH3
Liquid ( cm3 , mol dm-3), n = MV

DIPROTIC ACID : acid that ionises in water b)  Alkali + acid à salt + H2O
1000

to produce 2 mol of H+ per molecule
*If you need to find the volume when you

have the number of moles and molarity ,


H2SO4 à 2H+
+ SO42-
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


  Use V = n x 1000



 Acid : Sour , corrosive , pH less than 7, can
  M




conduct electricity
Gas ( cm3 ) , n = Volume (dm3)



Alkali : bitter, smooth , pH more than 7 , Molar Volume




The higher the concentration of H+ , the
corrosive, can conduct electricity
COLOUR OF INDICATOR

lower the   pH value
 
alkali neutral acid

The higher the concentration of OH- ,   Phenolphthalein Pink colouless

the higher the pH value
Methyl orange Yellow orange red

 
ACID :Chemical  substance  that  ionises  in  water  to  produce  hydrogen  ion  ,  H+  

ALKALI :Chemical  substance  that  ionises  in  water  to  produce  hydroxide  ion  ,  OH-­‐   ACID AND BASES

BASE : Chemical substance that reacts with acid to produce salt and water
SITI NORHAYATI MOHD MOKHTAR

NEUTRALISATION : Reaction between acid an alkali to produce salt and water




WEAK ACID
WEAK ALKALI
Formula

Acid  that  ionises  par:ally  in  water  to    Alkali  that  ionises  par:ally  in  water   Concentration in gdm-3

produce  low  concentra:on  of  H+   to  produce  low  concentra:on  of  OH-­‐   = mass of solute (g)

eg  :  CH3COOH   eg  :  NH3   volume of solution (dm3)

   


    Concentration in mol dm-3 (molarity)

pH  value   = Number of moles of solute (mol)

volume of solution (dm3)

 1    3    7    9  
 14   Conversion of unit of concentration


Concentration ÷molar mass Molarity

STRONG ALKALI

STRONG ACID
(gdm-3 ) (mol dm-3 )

Alkali  that  ionises  completely  in  water  to   × molar mass

Acid  that  ionises  completely  in  water  to   produce  high  concentra:on  of  OH-­‐  
Dilution method

produce  high  concentra:on  of  H+  

eg  :  KOH   ,  NaOH  
Example :

  M1V1 = M2V2

•  MONOPROTIC ACID : HCl , HNO3

 

Neutralisa*on  reac*on  
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES


•  DIPROTIC ACID
: H2SO4
(  acid  +  alkali  à  salt  and  water  )  
 

Acid
MaVa  =  a  

  a)  Acid + metal à salt + H2
MbVb      b  

b)  Acid + metal oxide / alkali à salt + H2O
Number of moles :


c)  Acid + metal carbonate à salt +H2O + CO2
Solid (g) n = mass .

MONOPROTIC ACID : acid that ionises in Alkali
molar mass

water to produce 1 mol of H+ per molecule
a)  Alkali+ ammonium salt à salt + H2O + NH3
Liquid ( cm3 , mol dm-3), n = MV


HCl à H+ + Cl-
b)  Alkali + acid à salt + H2O
1000

DIPROTIC ACID : acid that ionises in water *If you need to find the volume when you

have the number of moles and molarity ,

to produce 2 mol of H+
per molecule


H2SO4 à 2H+
+ SO42-
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

  Use V = n x 1000


 Acid : Sour , corrosive , pH less than 7, can M



 
conduct electricity
Gas ( cm3 ) , n = Volume (dm3)



Alkali : bitter, smooth , pH more than 7 , Molar Volume

+


The higher the concentration of H , the
corrosive, can conduct electricity
COLOUR OF INDICATOR

lower the   pH value
 
alkali neutral acid

The higher the concentration of OH- ,   Phenolphthalein Pink colouless

the higher the pH value
Methyl orange Yellow orange red