Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
Tin Rabuzin
and MU Research Engineer, SmarTS Lab, KTH
Hallstahammar
Installation
Conclusions
1/45
1 Introduction
Introduction
Protection
Relay 3 Protection Relay
Protection
Systems
Hallstahammar
Installation 5 IEC61850-9-2 and MU
Conclusions
6 Hallstahammar Installation
7 Conclusions
2/45
Introduction
Introduction
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Relay
Protection
Systems
• Shaft overcurrent protection is an important generator
IEC61850-9-2 protection issue
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation • Currents flowing in the shaft damage bearings
Conclusions
3/45
Introduction
Introduction
Measurement
Devices
Shaft Voltage
Protection ”... in a perfectly constructed alternator both practice and
Relay
theory tell us that no such vagabond current exists so that the
Protection
Systems cause must be looked for in constructive inequalities.”
IEC61850-9-2 Buchannan, 1915
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation
Conclusions
• Main cause of shaft currents are magnetic asymmetries in
the stator core
• Magnetic asymmetry arises due to normal manufacturing
processes
4/45
Introduction
Introduction
5/45
Introduction
Hydro generators
Introduction
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Relay
Protection
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation
Conclusions
6/45
Problem and Literature Review
Introduction
Measurement
Turbo generators
Devices
Protection
Relay
Protection
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation
Conclusions
7/45
Introduction
Introduction
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Relay
• Suitable sensor had to be used which satisfies mechanical
Protection
and electrical requirements
Systems
• Possible influence of stray flux from the generator
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
• Installation requirements - space constraints
• Low currents flowing in a large conductor (shaft)
Hallstahammar
Installation
8/45
Introduction
Introduction
Current Transformer
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Relay
Protection
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation
Conclusions
Introduction
Measurement
Rogowski coil
Devices
Protection
Relay
Advantages Drawbacks
Protection
Systems No iron core - linear, no saturation
Necessity of integration circuit
IEC61850-9-2 and magnetizing current
and MU Low production cost Low voltage output
Hallstahammar Mechanical fexibility, small size Low frequency noise
Installation
and weight from integrator circuit
Conclusions
Electrically safe when open Sensitivity to conductor position
Wide bandwidth Limited rejection of external fields
Non-disturbing for primary circuit Inability to measure DC currents
Can endure large overload without
damage
11/45
Measurement Devices
Introduction
Measurement
Devices
• Three measurement devices
Protection
Relay • Rogowski coil
Protection • CT - ILDD 096
Systems • CT - Zelisko GWR3
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
Conclusions
• ILDD 096 is used to demonstrate reduced magnetic
performance
12/45
Measurement Devices
Introduction
Rogowski coil
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Relay
Protection
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation
Conclusions
13/45
Measurement Devices
Introduction
Zelisko GWR3
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Relay
Protection
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation
Conclusions
14/45
Measurement Devices
Protection
Relay
Protection
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation
Conclusions
15/45
Test Measurements
Linearity of Measurement Devices
300 200 70
Rogowski coil
Zelisko GWR3
Introduction Zelisko GWR3
ILDD 096 180 Rogowski coil
Zelisko GWR3 60
ILDD 096
Rogowski coil
250
ILDD 096
160
Measurement
Secondary Voltage (mV)
50
Devices 120 40
150
100 30
Protection 100 80
20
Relay 60
50 10
40
Protection 20 0
0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Systems 0 0.5
Primary Current (A)
1 1.5 Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz)
140
Voltage (mV)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
−0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Time (s)
Protection
Relay 0 0 0 0
0.5 0.5
−0.5 −0.5
−1 −1
−1.5 −1.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (ms)
17/45
Protection Relay - REG670 2.0
1 2 3 4
Introduction
Application Configuration - Analogue Inputs
Measurement
Devices SECONDARY VOLTAGE INPUT
A
Protection
Relay
ROG_SMAI_3P
SMAI1
Protection SMAIHPAC
BLOCK SPFCOUT
Systems ROG_V DFTSPFC G1AI3P G3P AI3P ROG_HPAC_3P
REVROT G1AI1 ROG_SMAI_U1 BLOCK AI1 ROG_HPAC_U1
GRP1L1 G1AI2 AI2
GRP1L2 G1AI3 AI3
IEC61850-9-2 TRM_40.CH11(U) GRP1L3 G1AI4 AI4
GRP1N G1N O:2|T:8|I:1
and MU O:1|T:8|I:13
Hallstahammar ILDD_V_SMAI_3P
Installation B SMAI2 SMAIHPAC
ILDD_V BLOCK G2AI3P G3P AI3P ILDD_HPAC_3P
REVROT G2AI1 BLOCK AI1 ILDD_HPAC_V
Conclusions GRP2L1 G2AI2 ILDD_V_SMAI AI2
TRM_40.CH12(U)
GRP2L2
GRP2L3
GRP2N
Connection type G2AI3
G2AI4
G2N
Ph-N AI3
AI4
O:3|T:8|I:2
SetFrequency
O:1|T:8|I:14
50/150 Hz
FreqBandWidth 0.0 Hz
FilterLength 1.0 s
C
OverLap 20 %
18/45
Protection Relay - REG670 2.0
Introduction
1 2 3 4
19/45
Protection Relay - REG670 2.0
Linearity and Accuracy of the relay
Introduction
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Quantity Rated Value Nominal Range
Relay
Current Ir = 1 or 5A
Protection (0.2 − 40) × Ir
Systems Operative Range (0 − 100) × Ir
IEC61850-9-2 AC Voltage Ur = 110 V
and MU (0.5 − 288) V
Operative Range (0 − 340) V
Hallstahammar
Installation
Introduction
Measurement
Linearity and Accuracy of the relay
Devices
Protection 35 400
Relay SMAI Output SMAI Output
SMAIHPAC Output SMAIHPAC Output
Protection 30 350
Systems
300
25
IEC61850-9-2
Noise Voltage (mV)
10
100
5 50
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
Time (s) Time (s)
21/45
Protection Relay - REG670 2.0
Introduction
Measurement
Linearity and Accuracy of the relay
Devices
Linearity of measurements Accuracy of measurements
Protection 5 15
Relay
4.5
Protection 10
Systems 4
3.5
Measured Voltage (V)
IEC61850-9-2 5
1 50 Hz 50 Hz
−10
60 Hz 60 Hz
0.5 150 Hz 150 Hz
180 Hz 180 Hz
0 −15
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
Input Voltage (V) Input Voltage (V)
22/45
Protection Systems
Introduction
Protection
• Every combination was chosen
• 2 voltage/voltage gains due to setting procedure
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
and MU • Systems were also tested without an amplifier
Hallstahammar
Installation
Conclusions
Setting 1 Setting 2 Setting 3 Setting 4
Input Range 0...250 mV 0...1 V 0...5 mA 0...5 mA
Output Range 0...10V 0...10 V 0...10 V 0...20 mA
Gain 40 10 2 V/mA 4
23/45
Protection System A
Introduction
Measurement
Devices Integrator
Box KNICK TRM of REG670
Protection
Relay
Protection
∫ 2
4
5
6
CH1
Systems 7 8
CH11
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation
DC/DC
Conclusions
Converter
48 V
24/45
Protection System B
Introduction
Measurement
Devices
KNICK TRM of REG670
Protection S1
Relay 82 Ω 2 5
S2 CH1
4 6
Protection 7 8
Systems
CH11
IEC61850-9-2 ILDD/GWR3
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation
DC/DC
Conclusions Converter
48 V
25/45
Protection Systems
Introduction
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Relay
Protection
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation
Conclusions
26/45
Protection Systems
Introduction
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Relay
Protection
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation
Conclusions
27/45
Protection Systems
Introduction
Measurement
Ramping Tests
Devices
Ramping time step, ∆ t = 200 ms Ramping time step, ∆ t = 3 s
Protection 1.4 1.4
Relay ILDD 096 ILDD 096
Zelisko GWR3 Zelisko GWR3
Protection 1.2 Rogowski coil 1.2 Rogowski coil
Systems
1 1
Primary trip current (A)
0.2 0.2
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
Setting number Setting number
28/45
Protection Systems
Filtering Tests
Introduction
Waveform of a primary current
Measurement 6
Devices
4
Protection
Primary Current (A)
Relay
2
Protection
Systems 0
IEC61850-9-2 −2
and MU
−4
Hallstahammar 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Installation Time (ms)
Conclusions
Introduction
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Summary
Relay
30/45
IEC61850-9-2 and MU
Introduction
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Relay
Advantages
• No input transformers on the SAM600 results in higher
Protection
Systems
Hallstahammar
Installation • Reduced wiring and EMI on the low level signal
Conclusions
31/45
SECONDARY VOLTAGE INPUT
A IEC61850-9-2 and MU
SMAI1_SHAFT_3P
ProtectionB
CURRENT INPUT
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
SMAI2_SHAFT_3P
and MU
SMAI2 SMAIHPAC
Hallstahammar BLOCK G2AI3P G3P AI3P
SHAFT_CURRENT SMAIHPAC2_SHAFT_
Installation REVROT G2AI1 SMAI2_SHAFT_IL1 BLOCK AI1 SMAIHPAC2_SHAFT_
GRP2L1 G2AI2 AI2
GRP2L2 G2AI3 AI3
TRM_40.CH1(I) GRP2L3 G2AI4 AI4
Conclusions GRP2N G2N O:3|T:8|I:2
O:1|T:8|I:14
32/45
IEC61850-9-2 and MU
SAM600
Introduction
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Relay
Protection
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation
Conclusions
33/45
Hallstahammar Installation
Introduction
Intentional
Measurement
A Shaft Gorunding
Devices
Protection Bearing
Relay
Protection
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
Rotor
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation
RARIC
Turbine
34/45
Hallstahammar Installation
Introduction
Protection
Relay
Protection
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
Coaxial cable
Hallstahammar
from Rogowski
Installation
Conclusions
Merging
Unit
35/45
Hallstahammar Installation
Introduction
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Relay
Protection
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation
Conclusions
36/45
Hallstahammar Installation
Introduction
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Relay
Protection
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation
Conclusions
37/45
Hallstahammar Installation
Introduction
Measurement
Stray flux
Devices
Noise waveforms Amplitude Spectrum of Primary Current
Protection 40 18
Relay ILDD 052 ILDD 052
Rogowski coil Rogowski coil
30 16
Protection
Systems 14
20
Secondary Voltage (mV)
IEC61850-9-2 12
and MU 10
|V(f)| (mV)
10
Hallstahammar 0
Installation 8
Conclusions −10
6
−20
4
−30 2
−40 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 50 100 150 200
Time (ms) Frequency (Hz)
38/45
Hallstahammar Installation
Introduction
Measurement
Shaft Current
Devices
Primary Current Waveform Amplitude Spectrum of Primary Current
Protection 4 1.6
Relay
3 1.4
Protection
Systems 2
1.2
IEC61850-9-2
Primary Current (A)
1
and MU 1
|I(f)| (A)
0
Hallstahammar 0.8
Installation −1
0.6
Conclusions −2
0.4
−3
−4 0.2
−5 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 200 400 600 800
Time (ms) Frequency (Hz)
39/45
Hallstahammar Installation
Hallstahammar
Installation System Trip Value Alarm Value
Conclusions Rogowski (No Amp) 200 mV 100 mV
Rogowski (With Amp) 8V 4V
Rogowski (MU) 200 mV 100 mV
ILDD 096 (No Amp) 125 mV 62
ILDD 096 (With Amp) 5,2 V 2,6 V
ILDD 096 + RARIC 164 mV X
40/45
Hallstahammar Installation
Shaft Current
Introduction
Secondary Voltage Waveforms
Measurement
Devices 500
V (mV)
0
Protection
Relay −500 Rogowski
ILDD 052
Protection 0 2 4 6 8 10
Time (s)
Systems
Filtered Secondary Voltage
400
IEC61850-9-2
300
and MU
V (mV)
200
Hallstahammar
100
Installation Rogowski
ILDD 052
0
Conclusions 0 2 4 6 8 10
Time (s)
ILDD 052 Trip Signal
1
0.5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Rogowski Trip Signal
1
0.5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
RARIC Trip Signal
1
0.5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
41/45
Hallstahammar Installation
Waveforms
Introduction
Relay 0 5
V (mV)
Protection −200 0
Systems 0 20 40 60 80 100
Time (ms) −5
IEC61850-9-2 Voltage waveform form Rogowski without an amplifier
and MU −10
200 0 20 40 60 80 100
V (mV)
V (mV)
200 0
V (mV)
0
−5
−200
0 20 40 60 80 100 −10
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time (ms) Time (ms)
42/45
Conclusions
Introduction
• Rogowski coil is a suitable choice for measurement of shaft
Measurement
Devices currents due to its mechanical and electrical properties
Protection • Lightweight, flexible, easy to mount
Relay
• Linear, no saturation, frequency independent, rejection of
Protection
Systems stray flux
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
• It can be used in pair with protection relay REG670 2.0
Hallstahammar
Installation
Conclusions
• Existing installations with ILDD or new installations with
Zelisko GWR3 can be used with REG670 2.0
43/45
Conclusions
Introduction
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Relay
• Merging Unit has no input current transformers which
Protection results in a good performance even with low level signals
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
and MU • No amplifier has to be used even if trip and alarm levels
Hallstahammar are reduced
Installation
Conclusions
• Since fiber optics are used, EMI on low level signals is
eliminated
44/45
Introduction
Measurement
Devices
Protection
Relay
Questions?
Protection
Systems
IEC61850-9-2
and MU
Hallstahammar
Installation
Conclusions
45/45
Protection Systems
Linearity - Systems A and B with Zelisko GWR3
Linearity with Settings 1 and 2 Linearity without amplifier
10 300
Setting 1 Without Amplifier
9 Setting 2
250
8
5 150
4
100
3
2
50
1
0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
Primary Current (A) Primary Current (A)
Linearity with Settings 1, 2 and 3 Linearity with Setting 3 and without amp.
7 200 8
Setting 1 Without Amplifier
Setting 2 180 Setting 4 7
6 Setting 3
160
6
140
5
120
4
100 4
3
80
3
2 60
2
40
1 1
20
0 0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
Primary Current (A) Primary Current (A)
46/45
Protection Systems
4 100
5
80
3 4
60
3
2
40 2
1
20 1
0 0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
Primary Current (A) Primary Current (A)
47/45
Hallstahammar Installation
Linearity Measurements
Systems without an amplifier Systems with an amplifier
250 10
Rogowski No Amp Rogowski With Amp
MU + Rogowski 9 ILDD 052 With Amp
ILDD 052 No Amp
200 8
Secondary Voltage (V)
150 6
100 4
50 2
0 0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Primary Current (A) Primary Current (mA)
48/45