Ethics is a wonderful, fun and very high scoring (among all 4 GS papers) subject in UPSC.

Now there are students who have got 100+ marks without even preparing for it. But I would not
recommend this strategy.

Here is how I prepared for it. I got a decent 113 marks in the paper.

Books

1. ARC 4th report

2. Ethics in Public Administration - Patrick Sheeran

3. Ethics by some D. Subbarao (I don't remember the exact name) : Not much useful but covers
almost all topics

4. NCERT Psychology book Class XI & XII : Selected chapters.

5. Citizen Centric Administration - ARC Report

6. Good Governance (2013), Inclusive Governance (2013), Reforms in Public Administration

(2014) Yojana issues.

Biographies & other books

1. Experiment with Truth - Mahatma Gandhi

2. Verghese Kurien autobiography

3. Swami Vivekananda - Karmayoga and his biography

4. Selected articles by Immanuel Kant, Aristotle etc. There is a BBC website also on ethics.

Videos

1. 12 Harvard lectures by Michael Sandel (They are really good)

Miscellaneous

1. Learnt famous quotations from Goodreads and used them wherever possible.

The above will cover theoretical aspect of the exam. 50% of the paper comprises of case studies. The
only way to do well in this section is too give as many mock tests as possible. One good test series is
by Vision IAS which you can give online.
Ethics is not a technical subject which requires you to read a lot and then remember theories,
features, thinkers and other subjective information.

The objective of the paper is simply to check your ethical side. Good conceptual knowledge along
with ability to use that knowledge contextually will be suffice. Moreover key is with how much
simplicity and clarity you can put these views in words.

I am sharing a web link where I have penned down my preparation strategy for ethics and its case
studies.

link is Ethics and Essay: Strategy, Notes by Chandramohan Garg IAS - INSIGHTS

Preparation of this paper requires lot of introspection, developing a proper insight into the subject.
Unlike other papers, one has to relate ethical concepts to real life situations. It goes much beyond
rote learning and theoretical understanding of the subject. One needs to clarify understanding about
justification and moral obligations. Through case studies and success stories, one has to explore
practical solutions to various behavioural problems in the society.
This paper will include questions to test the candidate's attitude and approach to issues relating to
integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced
by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilize the case study approach to determine these
aspects.
To prepare for the ethics exam for IAS, you have to focus on Philosophy, Psychology, Sociology and
Public Administration. Some of the institutes also provides good coaching to clear the IAS exam.
They provide good study materials for IAS to students . Some of the institute are:
1. RausIAS
2. Chanakya IAS Academy
3. Byjus

UPSC has brought changes to the Civil Services Mains examination in both the pattern and the
syllabus. We know that now there are 4 General Studies Papers apart from one Essay and Optional
paper each. Of these, new paper on Ethics Aptitude and Integrity has been a headache for many
aspirants as quality source is elusive even now when the exam is nearing.

This article discusses preparation strategy for General Studies – 4 (i.e Paper-IV -Ethics Aptitude and
Integrity )

Before you start reading further, please remember the following important mantra given by
the Almighty UPSC:

“The questions are likely to test the candidate’s basic understanding of all relevant issues, and ability
to analyze, and take a view on conflicting socio‐ economic goals, objectives and demands. The
candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers.”

This sentence is the guiding light for your preparation. You don’t have to master the topics, all you
need is BASIC UNDERSTANDING and the ability to analyze. Basic understanding comes from reading
and re-reading. Ability to analyze what you have understood from reading comes from WRITING
PRACTICE.

This article was tough to write as it’s new and sources for this article were difficult to find.
Sources for this article are diverse. Books published by Oxford, Cambridge university presses,
Springer, Sage publications have been referred. Britannica encyclopedia and IGNOU materials were
of immense help too.

Many PDFs are of advanced nature. You don’t have to read all the PDFs in toto. Read first few
paragraphs to understand the essence. Remember the above UPSC mantra.

Question paper will have questions on theory and case studies.

Case studies will be covered every day as an article where you can write answers and get comments
from fellow aspirants.

I have given only links to sources. I am no authority to explain the topics.

STRATEGY

Ethics and Human Interface

Let’s start with basics:

 Ethics – A Very Basic Introduction – BBC Guide to Ethics

Introduction to Ethics

 Essence, determinants and Consequences of Ethics in human actions

What is Ethics? – Cambridge University

Source– Authentic and Good one (read this completely to get conceptual clarity)

 Dimensions of ethics

Read Chapters One and Two from this book

 Ethics in private and public relationships.

Ethics in private relationships – Read chapter 3 in the link. It’s in Google Books and the chapter has
all pages. It is very good with lots of case studies. If any IT guy can extract pages and covert them to
PDF, please send me a copy.

Ethics in Private Relationship– Good one

Ethics in Public Relations

  Human Values

Human values – IGNOU Material

 Lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators

You can read about them from school books or from website. Will provide a list later.

 Role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values.

Chapter Ten of this book. Google Books – Value Education.

Attitude

 Structure and Function

Source – 1 – Very Basic

Source – 2 – Structure

source – 3 – Functions

Source – 4 – Complex and Specialized (if you can understand! Page no. 38,39…)

 Its influence and relation with thought and behaviour

Source – 1 – Attitude and Behaviour

Source – 2 – Values, Attitudes and Behaviour –

Source – 3 – Very Advanced

 Moral and political attitudes

Source 1 – Political Attitudes

Source – 2 – Moral Attitudes

 Social influence and Persuasion

Source – 1 – Simple and Straight to the point. Good one.

Source -2 – Very Advanced

Related Article

 Attitude for Good Governance – Read Section Two in Attitude for good governance and
motivation.

Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service

 Integrity

Critical Look at Integrity

Integrity and Transparency – critical article

 Impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy,

tolerance and compassion towards the weaker sections.
These are actually civil service values recommended by the second ARC in its report (10th Report,
Chapter 16)

Emotional intelligence

 Concept

Source – 1 – Very Basic – Excellent one.

Source – 2 – Conceptual clarity

 Their utilities and application in administration and governance

Emotional Intelligence and Public Leadership

Emotional Intelligence in Bureaucracies

Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.

 Ethics in the history of Indian Philosophy

 Ethics in Contemporary Indian Philosophy

 Ethics in the history of western philosophy

 Ethics in Medieval Western Philosophy

 Ethics in Greek Philosophy

Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration:

 Status and problems

Public Service Values – Status

Professionalism and Ethics in Public Service – UN Document. Read only Chapter One and Conclusion.
Problems and Issues about Public service values is given in it.

 Ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions

Ethical Concerns in Public Administration

Ethical Dilemma – In this, read only Chapter One. It is written in foreign context but it’s applicability
is universal.

Ethics in Public Administration – Don’t neglect this document because it’s written by a research
scholar. It is simple and lucid.

 Laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance

Didn’t get any credible source. I will post it when I get one.

 Accountability and ethical governance

Ethical Governance in twenty first century – This is culled from a costly and an authentic book. Read
it to understand the importance of ethics in governance.

Ethics As element of Good Governance

Ethics and Governance – T N Chaturvedi (he was CAG and Governor of Karnataka) – His reflections
are insightful.

 Strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance

Above PDFs reflect on this topic too.

 Ethical issues in international relations and funding

Ethics in International Relations – Taken from a reputed book and is a primary source on the topic.

Ethics in International Relations – This is in relation to corporate responsibility. It covers some

aspects of ethical issues in ‘funding’ mentioned in the syllabus.

 Corporate governance

Corporate Governance – Read it as it contains many new facts and ideas. (not so good, though)

Corporate Governance – An Ethical Perspective – It is critical article, a research paper.

News Report – Economic Times

PPT Presentation – IIT Bombay

Probity in Governance

This part of the syllabus is completely covered in the following book. It is written by two retired IAS
officers of Gujarat cadre. All the topics of this part of the syllabus and other topics of importance are
covered in this book.

 Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude for Civil Services Main Examination (Paper – 5)

I am giving below PDFs to some topics taken from some UN sites, books and ministries websites.

 Probity in Governance

Probity in Governance – Excellent one – It is published by Law Ministry and contains many concepts.

What is Probity in Governance – Private context

 Concept of public service

Probity in Governance – Excellent one – it defines what’s public service.

 Philosophical basis of governance and probity

 Information sharing and transparency in government – Right to Information

Articles on RTI from The Hindu, EPW will be posted.

The above mentioned book has a chapter on this topic.

 Codes of Ethics

Codes of Ethics – OECD

Codes of ethics – World Bank –

 Codes of Conduct
Refer the above mentioned book.

 Citizen’s Charters

Citizen’s Chartes – FAQs

Citizen Charter Handbook

 Work culture

 Quality of service delivery

 Utilization of public funds – Planning Commission – PDF

 challenges of corruption

This is basically a general topic. I will compile articles published on this topic in The Hindu (last year
there were many articles on this topic) and give links soon.

Source – 1

Apart from the above book, the following book might be useful as it is written by a renowned author
Ramesh Arora (his books on Public Administration are well received)

 Ethics in Governance – Ramesh K Arora

A SMALL LECTURE – again!?!

Note: You can skip this if you are already bored!

Until now we saw what books to read. Now the question is how to remember most of the things we
read and how to translate them into better answers.

 A common mistake most of the aspirants commit is reading so many books for a single
topic.This mistake costs both your time and ability to remember things clearly and concisely.

 Stick to a single source and read it again and again. Remember The Same Source. Avoid the
temptation of doing ‘Research’ on a topic.

 Always Remember – UPSC tests Basic Understanding. Not mastery over a topic.

 Make short notes on each topic. It is while making notes that readers tend to do RESEARCH
and scout various sources. Stick to one book even if you are not 100% satisfied with it.

 Remember that old saying? – Jack of all trades, master of NONE. If you try to do Research,
most probably your name won’t appear in the Final List. I guarantee it.

 For Paper-II (i.e GS-1) being thorough with Current Events plays a crucial role in enabling you
to acquire analytical skills.

Very Important Part In The Preparation

 Writing. Writing. Writing.

 But what? – One must practice answer writing to Previous year questions, or take a Mock
Test. Whatever, before you enter examination hall, you must have spent lot of time on
answer writing.
Most Important Part In The Preparation

 Revision. Revision. Re-Revision.

 You do this and you appear for the Personality Test.

 If you don’t Revise what you read all these months – you slightly miss the Personality Test,
or You narrowly miss appearing in the Final List.

Well, to sum up. To get the interview call all you need to do is: Read, Re-read the same source,
Write and Revise.

Preparation for this paper can be finished in 20 days provided you are focused and determined.

Of course. Eat well, Sleep well and Keep a good health. If you get a running nose on the day of the
exam, 2 hours out of 3 hours goes in draining it and drying it.

Feel free to point out mistakes, improvements and suggestions. You can also share material if you
have any so that it benefits readers.

Disclaimer: This article is meant to be a blueprint or a road map for your preparation. It’s not the one
stop source for complete preparation of this paper.

Dear Friends,

I intend to share my strategy for “Ethics, Integrity and Civil Services Aptitude”. Before I start, I intend
to make it clear that my strategy may not be foolproof. Thus, I cannot guarantee that following my
strategy would assure everyone very high score.

It is just the strategy that I followed and it has offered me a decent score of 121/250.

The opening remarks about the syllabus for ETHICS paper in CSE notification read as follows:

“This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to
integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced
by him in dealing with society”

These words caught my attention very much and I decided that ETHICS paper is designed to evaluate
the ‘ethical competence‘, but not the ‘knowledge about ethics‘. So, I decided not to run behind any
book or any material of any institute. Now, when I see bulky material for ETHICS by various top-
notch institutes, it just surprises and amazes me. That aside, I decided
to understand the meanings of every term in the syllabus first. Mind you, I wanted
to understand the meanings, not know their definitions. So, I decided to learn meanings from
internet. Here, the links offered by www.insightsonindia.com helped me a lot. It just reduced my
effort to visit all sites suggested by Google search engine.

After reading about every term, I started thinking deeply about it. I used to pick some 4-5 terms
randomly every day and read about them and kept on thinking whenever I found time (while eating,
bathing, before going to sleep etc etc). My thought process revolved around two intentions. First, I
tried to express and explain the meanings of each term in my own way with my own words, in
simple English. Second, I tried to link those concepts to my life or lives of people whom I know. I
couldn’t connect every term to my life or lives of people whom I knew. In such cases, I did something
different. I would explain that a little later.
To illustrate, after reading about VALUES, I kept on thinking about that. Later, my understanding got
crystallized as below:

“Values imply ‘Preferences’. Whatever is preferred or valued by an individual becomes his/her value.
Whatever is preferred or valued by society, as a whole becomes societal value. Thus, Indian society
prefers COLLECTIVISM. So, it is Indian society’s value. Similarly, INDIVIDUALISM is valued in America
and hence it is American society’s value. Values change with time. Because People and society prefer
different things at different points of time. In India, before – 1947, PATRIOTISM was the most
predominant value. Similarly, post-1991, thanks to the consumerist culture being set in in India,
MONEY also now become a value…”

I want to emphasize that the above text is not an excerpt from any textbook. It is just my
understanding of VALUES being shaped by my thought process and examples are all my own
observations.

I used to do like this for almost every term in the syllabus.

I took extra care in ensuring that I expressed the meaning of every term in as few words as possible.
To illustrate, Values mean preferences; ethics means guide about right or
wrong; Transparency means provision of access of government information to
public; Accountability means holding a person answerable to his/her acts; Attitude means a
person’s own evaluation of another person, idea, situation etc. Examples abound. (I have read
somewhere that depth of understanding is inversely proportional to the quantity of words used to
express the same).

This helped me remember things easily and express my understanding in a very effective way.

So,

LESSON 1 – learn meanings, develop your own understanding by thinking and then be able to
express the same in as few words as possible.

Then, I connected every term to my life or lives of persons I knew.

After thinking about VALUES, I thought of my values and the incidents where I have demonstrated
those values in my life. I realized that HONESTY is my value. I recounted the following incidents
where I had demonstrated HONESTY.

 Incident 1 – In my 10the Standard Board exams, in English Paper, we were asked to write
the opposite of POPULAR. I had written IMPOPULAR. Then, exam invigilator who was
walking accidentally saw my answer script and told me, the correct answer is UNPOPULAR.
However, I did not change my answer.

 Incident 2 – One Saturday, I ate IDLI at Parimala Hotel in Tumakuru Bus stand. I forgot to pay
the money and came out of the hotel. Even hotel people did not ask me. I realized that in
the evening when I found excess money in my pocket. Then I promptly went to the hotel,
said sorry and paid the money on Monday morning.

(I intentionally recollected even minute details such as Hotel name, what I ate eve, to prove that it is
not a cooked up story)

I did this exercise for almost all terms. This is just a sample.

You people can also recollect such incidents from your life.
So,

LESSON 2 – Connect your life with terms in syllabus, recollect specific incidents and use them in your
answers

(The real life incidents may be as simple as offering a seat to elderly in bus, helping a visually
challenged cross road and so on . Yet, bring them into your answers).

Sometimes we may not have such real life incidents from our lives. Then, what to do? If possible,
quote the examples from the lives of great souls, which you may have read or heard of. Please don’t
run behind autobiographies and biographies now. Whatever you know by now, just try to recollect
them. One tip I can give you here – our language subjects up to 10th standard had many such
anecdotes. Just recollect them. Here I give a few such anecdotes for your benefit.

 Sir M. Visvesvrayya, then Dewan of Mysore state, used Government vehicle while he went to
tender his resignation. After tendering his resignation, he drove back by his private vehicle.

 He always maintained two sets of candles – one set bought out of government money and
the other set bought from his money. He used the former set of candles for looking into
official documents and used the latter set to read books. (The above two anecdotes are the
best examples for not misusing public resources for private gain)

 Kuvempu, Jnanapith awardee, a poet and Karnataka’s pride, was once Vice-Chancellor of
Mysore University. His son Poornachandra Tejaswi was studying BA in the same university.
Once, an English Professor approached KUVEMPU and told him that his son had scored
marks below minimum pass-mark in English Paper and asked KUVEMPU as to what to do.
KUVEMPU went through the answer script and instructed the professor to award to even
lesser marks. (This anecdote is the best examples for avoiding conflict of interest)

 A Rajput Prince was conspired to be killed. Panna who worked in the court learnt the
conspiracy. In order to save the Prince, she replaced the Prince with her own kid. Her own
kid got killed. (This anecdote is the best example for LOYALTY)

 A workaholic engineer was working in a major scientific project. Abdul Kalam sir was the
project head. Children of that engineer once asked their father to take them to an exhibition
in the evening. Engineer sought permission from Kalam sir to leave early and mentioned the
reason as well. Kalaam sir agreed. However, he got so much involved in the work that he
completely forgot that he had to leave early. Kalaam sir observed the engineer being
engrossed in the work. So, he only took children to exhibition. (This anecdote is the best
examples for EMPATHY TOWARDS SUBORDINATES)

 Satish Dhawan was the chairman of ISRO during the first launch of SLV, the mission failed.
He took the responsibility for failure. In the next attempt, when the launch was successful,
he gave full credit to the team that had worked for it (This anecdote is the best examples for
LEADERSHIP and TEAMBUILDING)

 Sagayam, an IAS officer from Tamil Nadu has disclosed his and his family’s assets on the
website. (Best Example for PROBITY, TRANSPARENCY)

 K. Jairaj, Karnataka-cadre HAS officer was to approve the dismissal of a lady typist on the
grounds of unruly behavior by her against her colleagues. Jairaj sir delved a little deeper into
the issue and found out that she had been widow and one co-worker misused her, promising
her a new life. And this had pushed her into depression. Adding salt to the wound, her co-
 workers started abusing her in filthy language. This had made her lose her temper. Later,
considering her precarious financial condition and need to educate her son, two increments
were cut and she was reinstated to service. Later, her son got a very good job in Infosys.
(Example for COMPASSION TOWARDS WOMEN; EMPATHY TOWARDS SUBORDINATES;
WORK CULTURE)

Such anecdotes are many. You can use them in your answers. I repeat, please don’t run behind
autobiographies and biographies now (You can read them, may be, after Mains). I never did so. The
above anecdotes were heard or read by me in newspapers and on Internet. I just used them in
answers.

Hence,

LESSON 3 – Try to use anecdotes (only If you know any) about great souls in your answers

In some cases, you may not have your real life incidents or anecdotes from lives of great souls. In
such scenarios, try to create hypothetical scenarios and quote the same as example. Always start
such examples with SUPPOSE….. ASSUME…. and so on.

To illustrate, for a question on ‘conflict of interest’, you can write an example as suppose an IAS
officer is a part of an interview panel. While taking interviews, he/she discovers that a candidate is a
son of his friend. Then that IAS officer should disclose that fact. He should abstain from taking
interview of that candidate.

This kind of scenarios have to be created in exam hall depending upon the nature of the question.
So, that kind of thinking has to be developed beforehand.

One more important tip – every case study you solve is a hypothetical scenario. So, you can use the
case studies you may have practiced as hypothetical scenarios for your answers in the exam.

LESSON 4 – Create hypothetical scenarios on your own and use them in your answers.

CASE STUDIES

Remember the following things while answering case studies.

1. Try to provide practical solutions. Ideal solutions, if unworkable, would not fetch you marks.

2. Give out-of-the-box yet practical solutions.

3. Try to provide specific solutions. Avoid generalized solutions. To illustrate, don’t say, “I
would take steps to promote TRANSPARENCY. Please mention how do you promote
TRANSPARENCY.

4. When you are asked to give all the options available to you. Please give even the most
undesirable course of action as one of the options. However, don’t choose that option. To
illustrate, in a case that mentions about offer of bribe to you, mention ‘acceptance of bribe’
as one of the options. But prefer the options ‘rejection of bribe’.

5. Do not touch upon only core issues. Also touch upon peripheral issues in a case study. To
illustrate, suppose a case study in which “you are the head of committee investigating the
irregularities of colleges. You are in dilemma whether to recommend for the derecognition of
college and spoil the career prospects of students or to recommend their regularization in the
light of future of thousands of students. You have been offered a bribe of Rs. 5 crores.” In this
 case study, a core issue is ‘whether to regularize colleges’. Most candidates would just
address this issue in their answer. However, there is another issue, which I would call
‘peripheral issue’, that is, offer of bribe. Try to address that issue as well. While addressing
bribe issue, please don’t just say I won’t accept the bribe. Also say I would lodge complain
against the person who has offered bribe.

6. Let your solutions try to balance conflicting options, as much as possible. (Caution – such
balancing may not happen always). Let’s us consider the examples mentioned in the
previous point. In that most candidates would say, either “i shall recommend derecognition
of colleges because errant colleges have to be punished” or “I shall recommend for
regularization of colleges because of the future of students”. I would say, try to think of a
solution that punishes colleges and at the same time rescues the career prospects of
thousands of students. Such solution can be – allowing already enrolled students to finish
their course and recognizing their degrees while prohibiting any fresh admissions. Or
accommodation of students of such colleges in other proper colleges.

One more illustration – suppose an elderly couple living in a village in a dilapidated house. They need
a good house. They get some pension. Unfortunately, their son who lives in city would snatch that
pension away from them. You are the head of a housing corporation. They apply seeking sanction of
house under some housing scheme. Upon scrutiny, you realize that their income (because of
pension) is more than the minimum income limit for a beneficiary. However, you can bend the rule
and sanction a house. What will you do? In this case study, most candidates would take either of the
two extreme stands – bending the rule and sanctioning the house in the light of humanity and
compassion towards weaker sections or rejecting the house since that is against law. I would say, try
to balance both. Such solutions can be

1. Consider this as a special case and request your higher ups to Grant you power to
sanction the house

2. Reject the house under this scheme and try to accommodate their application in
another housing scheme, if possible

3. Reject the house under this scheme and try to keep these couple in touch with some
NGO or philanthropist who may help them build the house.

(Also ask the nearest police inspector to warn their son and ensure that he’d not snatch their
pension in forthcoming months – this is a peripheral issue which most candidates miss)

Miscellaneous

1. Be prepared to write about your ‘role model’ and what have you learnt from him/her. Let
your role model preferably be someone whom you have seen for long time, like your
parents, teacher etc., rather than some great soul whom you have not met even once. This is
my personal opinion, which may not be correct.

2. Whenever you answer some abstract question such as ‘happiness’ according to you, try to
include the dimensions of ‘public life’ and ‘private life’. To elaborate, write what is happiness
, according to you in public life and what is happiness according to you in private life.

3. Let all your answers reflect your EMPATHY towards public and colleagues or co-workers.
 4. Bear in mind that you are not just a public servant, but you have some responsibility towards
your subordinates as well. Thus, if media and public protest against your subordinate whom
you know hasn’t breached his duty, don’t disown him/her. You stand by him/her.

5. Always be gender neutral – use s/he rather than using just ‘he’. Use him/her instead of
‘him’.

6. Know about your weaknesses as well. There may be a question that may ask you mention
your weaknesses. Be smart in answering such questions.

7. Be ready with even at least one incident in which you have acted unethically. But while
writing such incidents, don’t forget to mention that now you are repentant of such act and
has never committed that act again.

8. Questions in ethics may be very much unpredictable. So, even if you get a completely new
type of question, don’t get shocked. Remember that it is a new type of question to every
other aspirant writing with you. Just stay calm and think.

9. It is very tough to write very short answers in ethics (personal experience in exam – I found
it very difficult to shorten the answers). So, please be ready to write fast.

10. Ethics is a simple paper. Don’t complicate it. Don’t try to master the philosophies of all great
thinkers on the earth. It is neither practicable nor desirable. I know coaching institutes
bringing out a separate book on the philosophies of thinkers. I doubt their utility. Don’t
waste time mastering them. Again, this is purely my personal opinion, that may be
altogether incorrect.

GIST OF MY ETHICS ANSWER

Question – PATRIOTISM in civilian life according to you:

Answer –

“Putting bits of paper only in dustbin; Not jumping a traffic signal; Flushing the toilet after use…”.
These three I remember exactly. But I now feel, more points can be added – “switching off lights
when not in use, keying off the bike when it is at halt (mostly at traffic signals), and son on.

I have detailed my strategy above. Hope it helps to all of you. However, no strategy is cool-proof.
You may draw inputs from my strategy. But, please draft your own strategy.

I wish all of you a heartfelt ALL THE BEST.

Ever since the introduction of Ethics Paper in IAS Mains General Studies (GS Paper 4), Civil Services
aspirants are in a dilemma. As ethics is not a conventional area taught in schools/ colleges, it is quite
natural from the candidates point of view to ponder about the questions to be asked from the same.
But there is no need to panic and if properly handled, this area can in-fact turn high scoring.

Decision Making/Interpersonal Skills section seen at the last pages of Prelims CSAT Paper 2, is the
first stage where UPSC check the ethics angle of Civil Services aspirants. But Ethics as part of Civil
Services GS Mains has much wider dimensions.

Ethics as a Subject in IAS Mains GS

Yes, this is how you should treat ethics for IAS Mains from the year 2013 – treat it as a subject. Just
like History, Geography or Polity, consider Ethics as a separate subject with more or less a definite
syllabus. Ethics as a subject has its roots in Philosophy, Psychology, Sociology and Public
Administration. But at the same time, UPSC does not seem to expect candidates writing too much
technical answer into ethics paper, as this paper is part of General Studies.

A fresh writing style, clear thinking and wide reading is what you need to score high in ethics paper.
Now let’s take a quick look at what UPSC’s view on the newly introduced ethics paper:

“This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to
integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced
by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilize the case study approach to determine these
aspects.”

Also read: Essay Question Paper of UPSC Civil Services Mains 2013

What should you expect in Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude Paper for IAS Mains?

The below mentioned areas can be expected based on UPSC syllabus of ethics for GS Mains as well
as 2013 ethics question paper.

 The areas tested in this paper : Candidates’ attitude and approach.

 Field of testing : Integrity, Probity in public life and Problem solving approach.

 The presence of case studies is more or less certain.

 As the paper is of 250 marks, expect theory questions apart from the mentioned case
studies.

Areas mentioned in Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude Paper of GS Paper 4

 Ethics and Human Interface: Comment : This is one area where you can expect theory
questions covering the basics of ethics, human values and lessons from the life of great
leaders.

 Attitude : Your attitude in relation with thought and behavior.

 Aptitude : Checks whether you have an aptitude for Civil Services.

  Emotional Intelligence : A crucial mental quality, don’t confuse with IQ.

 Contribution of moral thinkers and philosophers : Comment : See the relationship of the
ethics paper with Philosophy and Sociology.

 Ethics in Public Administration : This is one major area where you can expect lot of quality
questions covering topics like Corporate Governance, Rules, Laws, Conflicts etc.

 Probity in Governance : RTI related matters.

What to Study for Ethics paper in IAS Mains GS?

As mentioned before, treat Ethics as a separate subject like History or Polity. Going through the
UPSC Mains ethics (GS4) previous year question papers, it becomes clear that conventional rote
learning will not turn fruitful here. What one needs is awareness about himself/herself. Good writing
skills are a must. Devote time for preparation and reading; that will make you better equipped.
Treating Ethics paper as a subject to attempted directly at exam hall without preparation may not
turn beneficial for you. Though extensive preparation for other subjects might not turn necessary for
this paper, a casual approach is not advised. Toppers who scored well in ethics paper was serious
about this paper, and didn’t take this lightly. Reference books available in the market related to the
ethics topic of UPSC Civil Services GS are given below.

Also read: 10 Resolutions which can change your life

Ethics Books for GS Mains – IAS [Ethics, Aptitude, Attitude : GS Paper 4]

1. Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude for Civil Services Mains. ( Ethics – GS4)

2. IAS Mains General Studies – Ethics. ( Arihant Manual – GS4)

If time permits, read any book which helps: Some suggestions

1. Ethics and Integrity of Governance: Perspectives Across Frontiers

2. Public Administration Ethics for the 21st Century

3. Corruption, Ethics and Accountability: Essays by an Administrator

4. Ethics and Integrity in Public Administration: Concepts and Cases

5. Politics and Ethics of the Indian Constitution

6. Ethics: Approaching Moral Decisions

7. Managerial Ethics: Managing the Psychology of Morality

8. Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude for Civil Services Mains. (Written according to UPSC syllabus)

9. Ethics – by Frankena K William (Used in many universities)

10. Human Values and Professional Ethics with Case Studies

Apart from the reference text books, the best way to start Ethics paper of IAS Mains GS is by building
basic ideas related to the areas mentioned in this from post from the IGNOU text books related to
ethics (BA and MA philosophy). NCERT text books of Sociology and Psychology (available online and
offline) can also help to write better answers. 4th report of ARC – Ethics in governance – can help in
getting insights about lot of aspects related to governance and public administration. Also build your
fundamentals on ethics and moral philosophies from basic philosophy books.

Significance and Approach to Study Ethics

1 Vote

Significance of Ethics

Importance of ethics is felt in every sphere of our life. The power of the traditional religions and
ideologies is on a decline. Crime, terrorism, ecological degradation, deception, prostitution,
gambling, and other unfair practices are on a rise.

The significance of studying ethics is understood by the fact that the study of moral philosophy or
ethics can deepen our understanding of the ultimate goal of life. Through ethics, an individual can
look upon his life critically and evaluate his actions and decisions.

Second, the study of ethics can enable a person to deliberate upon the moral principles. Moral
philosophy, or ethics, can help in clearing our mind on the questions of morality. Thus, our actions
are more thoughtful and conscious. Study of moral philosophy also sharpens our mental faculty and
thinking process. It trains out mind to think rationally and logically. Ethics become an inevitable part
of the human existence, since man is a social animal. Thus, no one can escape the ethical questions
of life.

The rational nature of human individual makes him aware of certain fundamental principles
of logical and moral reasoning. Every human action has a subjective aspect and an objective aspect,
which prompts the individual to base himself on certain common principles. The human society is
necessarily driven by certain rules and regulations, which are the conditions of satisfactory human
life in a society. These rules and regulations cannot exist without any moral principles.

From times immemorial, man has sought to know how to lead a good life. Modern society has
witnessed extensive debates over the conception of good life. This is primarily due to- the spread of
education, advances in science and technology, problems associated with the modern way of life
and communication and transportation revolution.

Methods of Ethics
Ethics utilize the methods of philosophy. Two prominent approaches are:

Deductive Method– it is a process of gaining knowledge independently of experience through pure

logical reasoning. Deductive reasoning begins with a universal truth and leads towards the
knowledge of a particular thing. Example- Lion eats herbivores, and Goat is a herbivore, therefore
lion eats goat.

Inductive Method– it is a process of arriving at knowledge through experience. It begins with the
particular and moves towards the general/universal. Example- if many crows are seen as black, and
no other crow is seen as white, therefore, it may be concluded that all crows are black.

Approaches and Classifications of Ethics

Broadly, there are two approaches to the study of ethics- Non-Normative Approach and the
Normative Approach. The Non-Normative approach includes the Descriptive Approach and the
Meta-ethics; while the Normative Approach includes the General normative ethics and the Applied
ethics.

The Non-Normative approach examines the morality without the concerns for making judgements.
They do not take any moral position regarding moral issues. Contrary to this, the normative
approaches make judgements as to what is morally right or wrong. They, thus, take a clear position
regarding the moral issues.

The Descriptive Ethics Approach tries to explain the moral and ethical practices and beliefs of
certain societies and cultures. Many of the sociological and political theories try to do this in their
research. This study is done without making any moral judgements. Descriptive ethics is also called
comparative ethics, and is more concerned with people’s beliefs about morality. It is a value-free
approach of studying different issues concerning the society. It’s subject of study includes- ethical
codes, informal theories of etiquttes, issues of law, and observed choices of the people.

The Meta Ethics approach focuses on the analysis of the meanings of the concepts and terms of
ethical reasoning and decision making. It involves answering the meaning of different terms of
ethics. Thus, meta ethics is necessarily related to the theoretical enquiry into different moral
propositions.

Normative ethics is the practical means of determining a moral course of action. It investigates how
one is ought to act. Hence, normative ethics is sometimes called prescriptive science. Applied
Ethics is about how moral outcomes can be achieved in specific situations. It tries to apply the
ethical theory to real-life situations. It has many specialized fields like- bioethics, human ethics, legal
ethics, and business ethics.

More coming soon…

Team Aspirant Forum

© Aspirantforum

IASbaba’s Ethics Strategy/Paper 4 – UPSC Mains Examination

iasbaba.com/iasbabas-ethics-strategypaper-4-upsc-mains-examination

 Introduction
  Decoding Directives

 Paper 1

 Paper 2

 International Relations

 Paper 3

 Paper 4

GS Paper IV Strategy

Go through UPSC Mains 2017 Papers and IASbaba’s role- Here

 UPSC Mains Examination 2017: How IASbaba was helpful in Answering 85% of GS Mains
Papers!

UPSC Mains 2016 Solved Papers- Analysis

 Paper 1- Click Here

 Paper 2- Click Here

 Paper 3- Click Here

Essay Strategy- Click here

Model Essay by IASbaba– Click here

Mains Previous Years Question Papers– Click here

Think, Learn & Perform (TLP)- Mains Answer Writing Initiative 2018

Special Series for better understanding of Ethics– Part I

CASE STUDIES RELATED– PART II

GS paper IV is perhaps the most intriguing and misunderstood part of the UPSC syllabus. You
almost have the feeling that it is in your reach, somewhere in your mind, may be your subconscious
thoughts. You see those generic terms like integrity, honesty and governance and immediately have
a feeling that you can nail the paper. After all it is all about ideas. And boy! You are never short of
ideas, are you??

Remember the university days. No matter what you knew and how much you knew, filling pages was
no big deal for you. But only if that could hold true with UPSC as well! Unfortunately, our university
machismo doesn’t augur well with UPSC. The examiners are quality starved and they won’t accept
anything below Hyderabadi Biryani, forget about the street food of Rajindernagar. But the
question is do we have the ingredients to cook that delicious, finger licking Biryani? Don’t worry by
the time you are done with this write up, you shall have those ingredients. It is our promise.
So how do you think we should approach the syllabus? The UPSC syllabus designates a name for
the paper. It calls it GS Paper IV. Does it mean that we should prepare it as the other three GS
papers. Should we start making notes of all the terms and terminologies, views and ideas of thinkers
and philosophers, psychological theories related to attitude and aptitude, principles of governance;
and the list goes on. Or do we have to think and act differently or we rephrase our word–smartly?

We think our smart generation must act smartly. Acting smartly doesn’t mean following utopian
shortcuts as they lead you nowhere. It only means we must act in the most efficient and effective
manner keeping in mind the demands of the syllabus and of course the time constraint.

Now let us begin by saying a simple yet important thing: Ethics, integrity and honesty should form a
common theme during your entire preparation and not only for GS paper IV. It should be like a
canopy similar to that of a topical rainforest covering the entire region and not like the sporadic
bushes and shrubs of the deserts, popping here and there sporadically. Consistency in our thinking is
the most important ingredient of success in this paper. What we are trying to convey is that one
can’t FAKE ethical behavior.

Even if one does manage that, inconsistency would be visible all over his/her answer sheet and that
leads to only one thing–failure. So for the sake of this examination we have to be considerate as
human beings to everything around us, be it society, environment, friends, foes, relatives and all
that surrounds us. Is it too much to ask for? We don’t think so. We are all good people. You may
disagree with our assessment but let us tell you that more often than not we all shall be good than
evil.

May be that this cruel examination process and the intense competition have injected some
undesirable traits in few of us but at the end of the day we are all good. So how does that matter to
our preparation for GS paper IV?

It matters because our assessment of a situation is driven by our personality and character. It is thus
futile to learn the concepts of paper IV from various sources and websites and try implementing
them in the examination hall. Even if one does so, the superficiality of his/her intentions would be
readily visible in the answers. This paper requires an honest foundation that one can’t find in books
or websites. They are ingrained in all of us. We just need to revisit the school days of our innocent
childhood.

We knew certain things for sure those days. We knew lying was bad, stealing was even worse and
hurting someone was an open invitation to punishment by our parents or teachers. So simple was
life and its principles. However, today we love to complicate things. We have internalized the
notions of relative honesty and comparative moral behavior. We assess our wrong doings by judging
and quantifying the action of others. We also justify our actions on many flimsy grounds which
induce social acceptance and rather promote collective loss of character and integrity. But believe
us, the more you complicate things, the more it becomes difficult to hide your true personality and
character.

UPSC knows this dilemma well and that is why we are asked to answer so many question in such a
short duration of time that after the initial few questions our original thoughts start getting reflected
in the answer sheet. All the philosophers and their teachings are blown away by the series of
questions posed by UPSC. Neither Aristotle nor Plato comes to your rescue. You yourself become
philosopher and university instincts take you over. You just pour your thoughts on the paper
forgetting all the cautions related to balanced views, word limits, use of quotes, presentation
techniques. You see the papers filled by you and feel happy about it as if you are the only one doing
that.

You become more of yourself with your original thought process lying naked on the answer sheet.
And this is the point when your fate is locked by the examiner. If you are an honest person, the
same will reflect in your answers and you shall be awarded good marks. But if you have that typical
DNA injected by some coaching institute and you try to fake your thoughts by presenting some pre
cooked answers, you stand a thin chance in this paper.

So what do we do? Don’t we need to follow any book? Don’t we need to prepare for this paper?
Yes! you do. But more important than the list of books and websites is the need to understand the
soul of this paper. As we said before all the traits demanded by the syllabus should flow like a
common theme in your answers and it is possible only when we enter into dialogues with each other
and more importantly with ourselves. Introspection of your own behavior and self contemplation
would teach you more than anything else. It doesn’t mean that you become a Sanyasi or ascetic.

It simply means knowing yourself and asking those obvious questions having not so obvious
answers. What do you want in your life? What does happiness mean to you? How important are
friends to you? How do you see your family in your life? What qualities do you want to see in your
partner? What changes do you want to see around you? How do you feel about the current state
of society? How can you contribute to change it? How do you feel when you see a young couple
doing PDA in a public place? Should girls be allowed to wear short clothes? Would you allow your
wife to go to work and let her wear clothes of her choice? The answers to these questions flow
from two different parts of your body–mind and soul. Your mind would follow rationality and logic
while your heart shall follow the gut feeling or intuition.

For example rationality and logic says that a girl should be independent to wear the clothes of her
liking but when it comes to your girlfriend or wife, your heart makes you overprotective and
uncomfortable with your partner exercising such choice. This exam is all about balancing these
extremes. Internalize your intuitions but at the same time get hold of logic and rationality. It is an art
and you can master this art through honesty. Discuss your feelings with your peers, family and
guide. Defend your thoughts and at the same time be receptive to criticism as well. Listen to others
and if you find their arguments logical enough, simply own them.

It will broaden your horizons. Talk to people of different religion, gender and regions. Exchange ideas
with them. Write down you feelings, revisit them after few days and see whether your thought
process has changed or not. All this shall not take much of your time. In fact all those unnecessary
speculations about cut offs and best test series in the market can be replaced by reasoned
communication. Remember, we are all aspiring to become civil servants and thus our outlook,
dialogues and thought process should reflect some responsibility.

Finally, we provide you with the sources and strategies for the individual components of the
syllabus. This is the basic foundation work that you have to do. We shall build upon the
superstructure in due course of time.

We will be recommending very few, yet highly useful sources for this paper– not for you to mug up
and reproduce in the examination hall, but to sharpen your thinking and writing style. In this paper,
you should be original in writing and logical in your views.

Before we begin the strategy, few things to note:

 You need NOT study ethics for hours and hours daily like you do for GS.
  You should NOT start studying ethics ‘1 year’ before the exam! Thats too much for a paper
that does not require more than 2-3 months of selective and cursory (sketchy) reading.
Otherwise your answers will start looking more academic, and will be punished severely.

 You should NOT study complex ethical jargon (not definitions) and heavy philosophical
stuff. Study only what is needed to handle an administrative life and ethical dilemmas.

 You should NOT start mugging up quotes, thinkers, catchy lines etc just to impress the
examiner. He is looking for ‘YOUR’ understanding and point of view. It is however no harm in
quoting others once or twice in your answers.

 You should focus more on a logical writing style rather than a deeply twisted philosophical
one. The Examiner is looking for your arguments, not philosophies.

 And most importantly, do NOT ‘force’ morality in your answers. It is hard to do and looks
artificial too. If you are moral, it would automatically reflect in your answers.

 Try implementing what you learn from books into real life. It really feels better, and makes
you a better human being!

So, we will start with the steps, one by one, for preparing ethics paper.

Step 1: Scan Syllabus and Mindmaps

Go through all UPSC syllabus properly and then the detailed syllabus mindmaps on our website to
understand the demands of the syllabus.

The mindmap is only indicative, not exhaustive. However, it covers a very large part of the syllabus.

Step 2: Scan UPSC Previous year papers

Also see the first sample paper that UPSC released.

You will see that the questions asked are very general in nature and no specific/academic study is
required for them. Only an overview of the sources mentioned below will do.

Specially, observe the kind of case studies; and personal opinion based questions (for e.g. how can
you prove yourself as eligible for administration of such a high responsibility etc.)

Step 3: Watch Justice Harvard Videos

Now, before starting up to read anything, we recommend you to go through Justice Harvard
Videos Michael Sandel. This will provide you a real insight into what exactly is the domain of ethics
and morality. And it will radically broaden your thinking horizon.

You need not watch all the videos to begin with. Watch a few videos, and then cover them later up
as you find time.

Only If you cannot access the video due to internet limitations, read the book on the same videos
– Justice: What’s the right thing to do? by Michael Sandel.

Step 4: Track and note ethical issues in news

Keep an eye on latest developments in India and World on ethical issues; make a note of them; and
write your personal viewpoint on them.
To give you example of an ethical issue– Disarmament issues between nations (like US and Iran) –
How ethical it is for US to ask Iran to stop enriching its Uranium, when USA itself has a stockpile of
Nuclear weapons?

Other examples – Euthanasia and its practice in India- what is your view? Clinical trials – how ethical
they are? etc.

If you have made a note of them, you can even quote them as examples in your answers.

Step 5: Books/Sources to refer topic wise

1. Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human
actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships. Human Values – lessons
from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family, society
and educational institutions in inculcating values.

Have a look at these Mind Maps- Click on the mind maps to save as image.
For the above refer to two sources:

One, the book – Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude by G Subba Rao and PN Roy Chowdhary – refer
selected chapters. Since the book discusses the subject a little academically, you only need to grasp
the overall understanding of the topic, and note some useful points that you can use in your
answers.

Two, IGNOU Ethics material – (Download here)

 Chapter 1 and 2 of Block-1 Introduction to Ethics

 Chapter 3 of Block -2 Ethical Foundations

 Chapter 2, 3 and 4 of Block – 3 – Applied Ethics

 Chapter 1 and 2 of Block 4 – Current Ethical Debates

Three, Lexicon- More than Subba Rao- You can refer this book. Its short and precise.
These too discuss some academic stuff, but if you have gone through the detailed syllabus
mindmaps, you will know what to leave and what to read.

No need to read in detail. Just gather ideas, concepts and way of dealing with the subject.

If you have covered the above, you will cover a large part of Ethic’s core syllabus.

2. Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour;
moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion
Read 12th NCERT Psychology – Chapter 6 on Attitude and Social cognition. Read chapter 7 – Social
Influence and Group processes in a sketchy manner. Don’t go into details. Just grasp central ideas.

After covering these, cover only in-text examples/illustrations from the Subba rao book from the
chapter on attitude. He has given several good examples that will help you understand the practical
applications and case studies.

For moral and political attitude, a general reading on internet would suffice. Just understand the
determining factors and their implications for our polity and society.

3. Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service , integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship,
objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker
sections

Go through Subba Rao’s exclusively dedicated chapters on aptitude in civil services. The highlights of
your reading should be important examples; terminologies (their meaning and application in
administrative life); constitutional and legal provisions; and contemporary developments (for e.g.
the recent amendment in All India Service Conduct Rules; Bastar Collector Amit Kataria warned for
violating service rules etc.)
4. Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and
governance.

You need not refer any other source than Subba Rao for this topic – dealt very comprehensively.
Read the entire chapter line by line and solve all the questions given at the end of the chapter.

5. Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world

You can refer to Subba Rao’s first few chapters for this OR IGNOU’s chapter 3 and 4 – Block 1-
Introduction to Ethics. Need not read both.
Instead of mugging up their ideas and philosophy try understanding the context of their
contributions; and their significance for present day world.

UPSC will either ask your opinion on their ideas or may ask you to name your favourite moral thinker
and explain the relevance of his ideas for you and our society.

6. Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical
concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and
conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of
ethical and moral values in governance
Since all these topics can have so many dimensions, first refer to the detailed syllabus mindmaps to
understand the above in detail.

Then, first refer to Subba Rao. He has dedicated a lot of chapters specifically on all these topics.
Need not go into detailed provisions, an overall view with certain important case studies
/illustrations will do.

Then read, Ethical concerns in public administration by IGNOU

Combine the sources of this with the ones mentioned for Probity in Governance below.

Since questions from this topic will be based mostly from current affairs; you need not read too
much static material for this.

You may be asked to give solutions to current administrative problems and dilemmas (like say
whistleblowing), so keep your opinion on these issues ready.

7. Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: ethical issues in international
relations and funding ; corporate governance.
For Ethical issues in International relations, read IGNOU Chapter -1 – International Ethics of Block 3-
Applied Ethics. This is more than sufficient to understand the concepts and related issues.
Supplement your reading with ethical issues in contemporary international issues.
For corporate governance also, the most important is current affairs (e.g. Shardha scam, Sahara
issue, Satyam scam, Companies Act, 2013, SEBI guidelines etc.). Make notes of major corporate
governance related issues from newspapers.

For the static, first go to the detailed syllabus mindmaps and know the sub-topics under corporate
governance.

After this read these very comprehensive and useful reports

 SEBI’s Committee report on Corporate Governance chaired by N Narayanmurthy.

 SEBI’s consultative paper on Corporate governance – Covers A to Z of corporate governance

– but skip the details wherever given in the report

Then from Subba Rao’s book cover some of the topics which are left out (see Mindmaps for how
much covered by reports).

Finally, left out issues that have been mentioned in Mindmaps (not covered in Subba Rao), can be
covered from the internet and About MCA in Ministry of Corporate affairs website.

8. Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity;
Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes
of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds,
challenges of corruption.
Again refer to the chapters dedicated to these in Subba Rao. That will cover a major portion. Topic
of corruption has been dealt comprehensively in this book.

Then refer to 2nd ARC’s report on Ethics in Governance – Only first two chapters – Introduction and
Ethical Framework.
Then read 2nd ARC’s report on Code of Conduct

Finally, go through some of the 2nd ARC’s

 Questionnaire on Ethics in governance

 Questionnaire on Civil Services Reforms

 Reforms in Governance and Administration

Very important and relevant questions are there in these questionnaires which can be verbatim
asked in UPSC mains.

9. Case studies on the above

The detailed syllabus mindmap is very important to refer here. It opens up several dimensions of
case studies.

Case studies will be not only from ethical issues but also present day burning problems like brain
drain; reforms in Indian police; Land acquisition issues; disaster management etc. You should also
refer to the previous year papers for some examples.

You can find some case studies on

 USC Dornsife

 Webguru
Moreover, on our website we will be launching a separate section for Ethics questions and case
studies. We hope that will be immensely helpful to aspirants.

Step 6: Right approach

Just keep these words from UPSC in mind before you start reading for this paper – “This paper will
include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity
in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing
with society.”

So, your approach matters more than your content in the examination. We have already talked
in great detail about the right approach. Practice logical writing, because that shows coherence and
order in your approach to situations. And, finally don’t only read moral stuff, do moral stuff!

Step 7: Writing practice with IAS Baba

 Think Learn and Perform (TLP)

We at IAS Baba believe in social capital. We are sure that this initiative shall see your enthusiastic
participation and help you in your success.

Share your thoughts and feedback. It means a lot for the encouragement and enthusiasm of our
Team 🙂