EECS 16B Designing Information Devices and Systems II

Fall 2017 Miki Lustig and Michel Maharbiz Homework 5

This homework is due October 10, 2017, at noon.

1. 1D linear approximations in continuous systems

Linearization is an incredible tool when it comes to studying systems with non-linear dynamics. (This is
when system matrix A is dependent on the state variables.) We overcome this by fixing a point in state space,
often denoted as x0 , and approximating the transitions about that point. To better understand this, we will
work through a 1D example.

(a) Consider an arbitrary function of f (x) whose derivative ddxf is well defined. Construct a function of the
form,
g(x) = mx + b
df
that approximates f (x) in a neighborhood around a particular point x0 . m will be related to dx .
Hint. Recall the definition of a derivative.
Solution: The definition of a derivative is,
df f (x) − f (x0 )
(x0 ) = lim
dx x→x0 x − x0
This tells us that,
df
f (x) ≈ (x0 )(x − x0 ) + f (x0 )
dx
or,  
f (x) ≈ ddxf (x0 ) x + f (x0 ) − ddxf (x0 )x0
| {z } | {z }
m
b

(b) We will study the following system.

 
dx 1
(t) = f (x) where f (x) = −2 sin x
dt 3
df
What is dx (x)?

Solution:  
df 2 1
= − cos x
dx 3 3

(c) What are the equilibrium points for this system?

Solution:
x∗ = 3πn , n∈Z

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 1

 (d) Construct a linear approximation g(x) of f (x) about the point x0 = 0.
Solution:
2
f (x) ≈ − x
3

(e) Using the above approximation, can you solve the system,
dx
(t) = f (x) ≈ g(x)
dt
from x(0) = 1.
Solution:
dx 2 2
≈ − x(t) =⇒ x(t) ≈ e− 3 t
dt 3

Note. This approximation is valid for points x close to x0 . We will explore this "closeness" when we study
state feedback.

2. Spring and mass

Lets look at a mechanical spring-mass system governed by differential equations similar to those of electrical
circuits.

Remember from physics that the motion of a mass is subject to Newton’s second law F = ma where a = dv dt
and v = dx
dt and that springs generate force according to Fsp = −k∆x where k is the spring’s stiffness. We set
x to be 0 when the spring is at its rest length l0 so that ∆x = x. There is no gravity in this problem.

(a) Find a differential equation in terms of x and its derivatives that describes the motion of the mass. What
order is this differential equation?

Solution:
d2x k
+ x=0
dt 2 m
This differential euqation is of order 2.
(b) Write the state space model for this system as ~x˙ = A~x. What is your state vector? What are the units of
the elements of the A matrix?

Solution: For the state vector " #

x
v

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 2

 The equations are:
" # " #" #
ẋ g0 1 x
=
v̇ − mk 0 v

The units are: " #

1
s unitless
1 1
s2 s

If you flipped x and v in your state vector, these matrices will be flipped. In this case, the A matrix is
transposed.
(c) Find the eigenvalues of this system by solving |A − λ I| = 0. Is this system stable?

Solution:
k
λ2 + =0
m
r
k
λ1 = j
m
r
k
λ2 = − j
m

Both eigenvalues are strictly imaginary. This means the system will oscillate forever without damping
out or blowing up. This is a special case of stability. According to our definition of stability from
lecture 5B, our system is stable since ~x(t) never gets larger than the initial condition ~x(0). Note that
if we had an input, like a force we could appy to the mass, a bounded input could cause ~x(t) to grow
unbounded and the system would no longer be stable according to our lecture 5B definition. In general,
continuous time systems with purely imaginary eigenvalues are considered unstable.

3. Microphone circuit
In this problem, we will analyze and understand the circuit on the mic board of the SIXT33N robot car. Here
is the schematic for the circuit as shown in lab:

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 3

For analysis purposes, we will transform it slightly into the following circuit by adding a few elements for
modelling the system such as Rx (food for thought: after completing this problem, think about why Rx is
necessary for this circuit to function) as well as some reference labels to assist with the analysis. We will go
over each stage in more detail below.

Solution: Food for thought: Rx is necessary to complete the high pass filter; without it (i.e. if we just
connected VOS1 straight into the mic board circuit), the high pass cutoff frequency would be way too high
(on the order of 100s of MHz if the only "resistor" is the wire resistance) and the circuit will not function
properly (no signal will be seen at the output).

Please leave your answers in symbolic form - e.g. write Rg instead of "10kOhm" in your expressions,
unless otherwise asked. Justify all results and work.
We will assume that all op-amps are ideal in our analysis.

(a) Let us start with the mic gain stage.

The type of microphone we are using is called an electret microphone1 . For circuit analysis purposes,
we can model it as a current source2 , im .
Although the primary component of the microphone is an AC signal corresponding to the sound wave
i˜m (t) (denoted as i˜m ), it turns out that the microphone also has bit of DC current, Im,DC . As a result, our
microphone current im is the sum of the DC current and the AC signal:

im = i˜m + Im,DC

Given our model so far, we’d like to find the output voltage of the mic gain stage. Find an expression
for vmg in terms of im and Vdd .
1 Like
this one: https://www.sparkfun.com/products/8635
2 This
is beyond the scope of the class, but if you’re curious, this circuit is the underlying circuit inside the microphone which
can be modelled as a current source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Electret_
condenser_microphone_schematic.png

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 4

 Solution: Since the op-amp is ideal, we can assume that the current going into the op-amp is zero.
In that case, we can apply Ohm’s law across Rg :

Vdd − vmg
= im
Rg
Vdd − vmg = im Rg
vmg = Vdd − im Rg

Next, we will analyze the buffer stage. Since this is an ideal op-amp in negative feedback, no current
is drawn across the 1k resistor, so vm = vmg .
(b) We will now analyze the remove mic drift stage. The off-board resistor Rx forms the second part of a
high-pass RC circuit.
However, there is just one small catch - what do we do about the VOS1 source? Can we still apply all
the RC circuit analysis techniques we’ve learned so far?
Hint: There is a technique called virtual ground which can help us here. This is the idea that for some
types of circuit analysis, ground is just a reference point which is relative. Convince yourself that
following circuits in the diagrams below are equivalent:

For calculating the cutoff frequency, you can use Cc = 1µF and Rx = 100kΩ.
v p −VOS1
What is the transfer function H(ω) = ? What is the cutoff frequency of the RC (Rx
vm −VOS1
and Cc ) filter in this stage? Express your H(ω) symbolically and express your cutoff frequency
symbolically first, then numerically.

Solution: Using the virtual ground technique, we can consider an impedance divider between vm and
VOS1 . Then, from the impedance divider equation, it follows that:

ZRx
H(ω) =
ZRx + ZCc
Rx
H(ω) =
1
Rx +
jωCc
jωRxCc
H(ω) =
jωRxCc + 1

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 5

 1
The cutoff frequency for an RC filter (high or low pass configuration) is given by fc = . The
2πRC
cutoff frequency for this circuit is:

1
fc =
2πRxCc
1
fc =
2π105 10−6
1
fc =
2π10−1
fc = 1.59Hz

(c) What is the gain |H(ω)| for the microphone voltage vm ’s DC drift (ω = 0) and for some tone in the
audio frequency range (ω = 2π440 Hz)? Based on your results, what happens to the DC drift/offset,
and what happens to the audio frequency tone? In general, what happens to audio frequency tones (say
from about 20 Hz to 20 kHz)?

Solution: Using our expression for H(ω) above, we get:

jωRxCc
H(ω) =
jωRxCc + 1
| jωRxCc |
|H(ω)| =
| jωRxCc + 1|
ωRxCc
|H(ω)| = p
(ωRxCc )2 + 1
Substituting ω = 0, we get a gain of 0, and substituting ω = 2π440Hz, we get:
ωRxCc
|H(ω)| = p
(ωRxCc )2 + 1
2π440 10−1
|H(ω)| = p
(2π440 10−1 )2 + 1
|H(ω)| ≈ 0.9999...
|H(ω)| ≈ 1

Essentially, the DC offset gets removed, and the audio frequency tone is able to pass through without
issue. In fact, about any tone in the audio frequency range (> 20 Hz) is able to pass through without
issue (even at 20 Hz, the gain is 0.999 ≈ 1). This is promising news.
(d) Recall that our microphone itself had some DC bias Im,DC . Let’s see what happens to it after this RC
circuit.
Express vm in terms of i˜m , Im,DC , Rg , and any other symbolic terms as needed.

Solution:
vm = vmg = Vdd − im Rg
vm = Vdd − (i˜m + Im,DC )Rg
vm = Vdd − Rg i˜m − Rg Im,DC

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 6

 (e) Based off your answers in the previous section, what does the RC filter do to the i˜m term and Im,DC
term? Express v p in terms of i˜m , Im,DC , Rg , VOS1 , and any other symbolic terms deemed necessary. We
can assume that the AC signal component of the microphone current i˜m contains only frequencies in
the range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz (audio frequencies).
Hint: one of the terms should disappear. Which one, and why? Justify your answer. Hint 2: there is an
offset involved in the final answer. Again, think about it and justify your answer.

Solution: The high pass filter effectively allows all frequencies in i˜m to pass through and eliminates
all DC signals.
As a result, the −Rg i˜m term survives since it contains audio frequencies only. The Vdd and −Rg Im,DC
terms disappear since the supply voltage Vdd is a constant (DC) signal, and −Rg Im,DC is likewise a
constant DC signal.
Hence, the output of the RC circuit yields:
v p −VOS1 = −Rg i˜m
Bringing over the new DC offset, we have our final equation for v p :
v p = VOS1 − Rg i˜m

(f) Now, we will analyze the variable gain amplifier stage. Using your knowledge of op-amps, express
Vout symbolically in terms of R1 , R2 , v p , and any other symbolic terms deemed necessary.
Hint: The virtual ground technique from part (b) may be very useful here.

Solution: Since this is an ideal op-amp, we will use the golden rules in conjunction with virtual
ground:
R2
v p −VOS2 = (Vout −VOS2 )
R1 + R2
R1 + R2
Vout −VOS2 = (v p −VOS2 )
R2
R1
Vout −VOS2 = (1 + )(v p −VOS2 )
R2
R1
Vout = (1 + )(v p −VOS2 ) +VOS2
R2

(g) Finally, express Vout (assume VOS1 = VOS2 for this problem) in terms of i˜m , R1 , R2 , Rg , and any other
symbolic terms deemed necessary.

Solution: Since this is an ideal op-amp, we will use the golden rules in conjunction with virtual
ground:
R1
Vout = (1 + )(v p −VOS2 ) +VOS2
R2
R1
Vout = (1 + )(VOS1 − Rg i˜m −VOS2 ) +VOS2
R2
R1
Vout = (1 + )(−Rg )i˜m +VOS2
R2
R1
Vout = −Rg (1 + )i˜m +VOS2
R2

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 7

 R1
In total, our circuit applies a gain of |A| = Rg (1 + ) to our microphone AC signal, and level-shifts it
R2
to VOS2 .
(h) In lab, we will generate VOS1 and VOS2 using resistive dividers. However, in reality, resistors have up
to ±5% tolerance (meaning that each resistor can be 5% greater or less than the advertised value) and
so building two idental resistive dividers may not produce identical voltages. Let us analyze and see
what happens for our circuit.
Let ∆V be the difference between VOS1 and VOS2 : VOS1 − VOS2 = ∆V . In addition, let i˜m = 0 for this
subproblem (i.e. no microphone signal) since we want to see what happens to the offset even in the
absence of a microphone signal.
Express Vout in terms of VOS2 , R1 , R2 , ∆V , and any other symbolic terms deemed necessary.

Solution:
R1
Vout = (1 + )(v p −VOS2 ) +VOS2
R2
R1
Vout = (1 + )(VOS1 − Rg i˜m −VOS2 ) +VOS2
R2
R1
Vout = (1 + )(VOS1 −VOS2 ) +VOS2
R2
R1
Vout = (1 + )∆V +VOS2
R2

R1
Not so good - any offset between VOS1 and VOS2 has a gain of (1 + ). If the offset is great enough,
R2
we could easily hit rails or clip our input microphone signal! This gain will mess up the entire system,
so in a practical environment like lab, we must adjust VOS2 carefully using a potentiometer so that it
matches VOS1 .
You may notice that really bad things happen to your output voltage! (Exactly what the bad things are,
you’ll have to do the problem.) This is why in lab we cannot connect VOS2 directly, and must instead
use a potentiometer to finely adjust the voltage divider which creates VOS2 so that VOS2 = VOS1 .

4. Redo Problem 1 on the midterm

(a)
Solution: Before the switch closes, the cap looks like an open since the circuit has reached steady
state. This means no current can flow through the cap.

ic (t = 0− ) = 0 A

(b)
Solution: Before the switch closes, the circuit reaches steady state, so we can draw the equivalent
circuit:

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 8

 iR1

3Ω
5Ω 2Ω

+
− 10V

All the components are in series, so they share the same current. Using Ohm’s law:
10
iR1 (t = 0− ) = =1A
5+3+2

(c)
Solution: At t = ∞, the circuit reaches steady state and the capacitors are open. Since C1 is in parallel
with the 3Ω resistor, we can find vc1 by finding the voltage drop across the 3Ω resistor. The steady
state circuit looks like:
V1 vc1 V2
+ −

5Ω 3Ω
5Ω 2Ω
+
− 20V
+
− 10V

We can find vC1 by setting up a system of equations using KCL

vC1 = V1 −V2
V1 − 20 V1 − 10 V1 −V2
+ + =0
5 5 3
V2 −V1 V2
+ =0
3 2
solving these equations, we find:

vC1 = 6 V

(d)
Solution: The first step is to take the transfer function and put it into canonical form:

j100ω 100( jω) jω

= jω = 10 jω
10 + jω 10(1 + 10 ) 1 + 10

Now we see that we have a pole at 10 rad/s and a zero at 0 rad/s. Let’s look at the magnitude plot first.
The zero at 0 rad/s will always contribute a slope of 20 dB/dec to the magnitude plot. The pole will
start to contribute -20 dB/dec after it’s corner frequency (10 rad/s). This means the magnitude plot will

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 9

 increase 20 dB/dec until it hits 10 rad/s, where it then flattens out since the pole cancels out the zero.

But at what magnitude does the function stay flat? To figure that out we need to plug in a value to our
transfer function. At frequencies above 10 rad/s, the pole’s imaginary part will dominate, and we can
approximate the transfer function to be
jω
H(ω > 10) = 10 jω = 100
10

So above 10 rad/s, the magnitude rests at 100, which corresponds to 40dB.

Now let’s look at the phase. We have a positive, real constant (10), a zero at 0 rad/s, and pole at 10
rad/s.
Since the constant is positive and real, it adds a constant 0 degrees to the phase plot.
A zero at 0 rad/s contributes a constant positive 90 degrees to the phase plot.
The pole will start dropping the phase a decade before its corner frequency (1 rad/s) at a rate of -45
degrees/dec up to a decade after its corner frequency (100 rad/s).
Over all, we get a phase of 90 degrees until 1 rad/s, where it drops 45 degrees/dec until 100 rad/s,
where it rests at 0 for all higher frequencies.

figures/exam1d_bode.png

5. Redo Problem 2 on the midterm

Solution: The first step is to convert all values into impedances:
ZR = R
ZL = jωL
1
ZC =
jωC

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 10

 The equivalent impedance seen between the two ports is
1
ZR (ZL + ZC ) R( jωL + jωC )
Zeq = ZR ||(ZL + ZC ) = = 1
ZR + (ZL + ZC ) R + ( jωL + jωC )
R(1 − ω 2 LC)
Zeq =
jωRC + (1 − ω 2 LC)
There’s only one imaginary part in Zeq , which is the jωRC term in the denominator. By setting that equal to
zero we can make Zeq purely real. jωRC goes to 0 if ω = 0 rad/s.
An alternate way to make Zeq purely real is to make the numerator equal to 0. If the numerator is 0, then Zeq
will be purely real, since the imaginary part of Zeq is 0. This occurs when ω = √1LC rad/s. Note we don’t
include the negative root since we can’t have a negative frequency.
6. Redo Problem 3 on the midterm
(a)
Solution: After the switch opens, we have the circuit:

R1 R2
iL

+
L vc C
− iC

Using KVL, we can say

vc − vR2 − vR1 − vL = 0
using Ohm’s law, we can substitute the voltages across the resistors:
vc − iL R2 − iL R1 − vL = 0
di
using the inductor current/voltage relationship VL = L dt :
diL
vc − iL R2 − iL R1 − L =0
dt
since everything is in series, we can say
iL = −ic
dic
vc + ic R2 + ic R1 + L =0
dt
using the capacitor current/voltage relationship ic = C dv
dt :

dvc dvc d 2 vc
vc +CR2 +CR1 + LC 2 = 0
dt dt dt
Rearranging into standard form:
d 2 vc R1 + R2 dvc vc
2
+ + =0
dt L dt LC

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 11

 (b)
Solution: Before the switch opens at t=0, the circuit has reached steady state, so the inductor acts
as a short and the cap acts as an open. This means there is no voltage drop across the inductor and no
current through the capacitor. No current through the capacitor means there’s no current through R2 .
This means whatever voltage we see across R1 in steady state will be the voltage across the capacitor,
since no voltage drops across R2 . This gives us the equivalent circuit:

Rs
+
+ V R1 vc
− s
−

This is just a voltage divider:

R1
vc (t = 0) = Vs
R1 + Rs

(c)
Solution: We can use the same equivalent circuit as in part (b), since no current flows in the resistor-
capacitor branch at steady state. Everything is in series so we can say the current through the inductor
is:
Vs
iL (t = 0) =
R1 + Rs

(d)
Solution: After t=0, the voltage source is disconnected from the circuit. This means our circuit has
a limited amount of stored energy (charge on cap and magnetic field in inductor). As t approaches
infinity, the energy will be dissipated through the resistors until no more energy is left in the system.
With no energy in the circuit, all currents and voltages must be 0.

vc (t = ∞) = 0

(e)
Solution: Same reasoning as part (d)
iL (t = ∞) = 0

7. Redo Problem 4 on the midterm

(a)
Solution: First, we need to determine what our circuit looks like. There are two different ways to
think about creating a bandpass filter:
Option A: create a circuit which short circuits the output voltage to ground at low (DC) and high
frequencies (ω → ∞). This leads to the circuit:

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 12

 vin R vout

L C

Option B: create a circuit which will create an open between vin and vout at low and high frequencies.
This leads to the circuit:
C
vin L vout

To find the natural frequency of these circuits, we need to find the transfer functions. Both circuits are
just voltage dividers.
Option A:
1
( jωL)( jωC ) jωL
ZL ||ZC = 1
=
jωL + jωC
( jω)2 LC + 1
jωL
ZL ||ZC jωL R
HA (ω) = = = jωL
R + ZL ||ZC R(( jω)2 LC + 1) + jωL ( jω)2 LC + R +1

Option B:
R R jωRC
HB (ω) = = 1
=
R + ZL + ZC R + jωL + jωC
( jω)2 LC +jωRC + 1

We can find the natural frequency of the circuit by putting the ω 2 term into the canonical form for a
quadratic pole:
 jω 2
= ( jω)2 LC
ω0
Option A and B’s ω 2 terms are the same, so they have the same natural frequency of
1 1
ω0 = √ =√ = 104 rad/s
LC 20 ∗ 10− 3 ∗ 5 ∗ 10− 7

(b)
Solution: The -3 dB cutoff frequency for a transfer function is defined as:
1
|H(ωc )| = √
2
We can find the cutoff frequencies by solving for the frequency.

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 13

 Option A:
 jωc L  ωc L
1 
R

R
|H(ωc )| = √ =   = r 
2 ( jωc )2 LC + jωRc L + 1 ωc L
2
R + (1 − ωc2 LC)2

cross-multiplying and squaring both sides we get:

 ω L 2  ω L 2
c c
+ (1 − ωc2 LC)2 = 2
R R
Bringing everything to one side we get
 ω L 2
c
(1 − ωc2 LC)2 − =0
R
This is a difference of 2 squares, which can be factored into
 ωc L  ωc L 
1 − ωc2 LC + 1 − ωc2 LC − =0
R R
Now we have 2 quadratics with the roots
r 
2
± RL ± L
+ 4LC r
R 1 1 2 1 p
ωc = =± + + = ±2 ∗ 105 + 4 ∗ 1010 + 108 rad/s
2LC 2RC 2RC LC
Note that we removed the negative square root answers because those frequencies end up being nega-
tive.

Option B: same procedure as option A

 
1  jωc RC ωc RC
|H(ωc )| = √ =  2
=r
2 ( jωc ) LC + jωc RC + 1  2
ωc RC + (1 − ωc2 LC)2

cross-multiplying and squaring both sides we get:

 2  2
ωc RC + (1 − ωc2 LC)2 = 2 ωc RC

Bringing everything to one side we get

 2
(1 − ωc2 LC)2 − ωc RC = 0

This is a difference of 2 squares, which can be factored into

  
1 − ωc2 LC + ωc RC 1 − ωc2 LC − ωc RC = 0

Now we have 2 quadratics with the roots

r 
2
±RC ± RC + 4LC r
R R 2 1 p
ωc = =± + + = ±125 + 1252 + 108 rad/s
2LC 2L 2RL LC

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 14

 (c)
Solution:
BW = ωc2 − ωc1
Option A:
 p   p 
5
BW = 2 ∗ 10 + 4 ∗ 10 + 10 − − 2 ∗ 10 + 4 ∗ 10 + 10 = 4 ∗ 105 rad/s
10 8 5 10 8

Option B:
 p   p 
BW = 125 + 1252 + 108 − − 125 + 1252 + 108 = 250 rad/s

(d)
Solution:
ω0
Q=
BW
Option A:
104
Q= = 0.025
4 ∗ 105
Option B:
104
Q= = 40
250

(e)
Solution:

Option A:
√1
r
ω0 LC C
Q= = 1
=R
BW RC
L
Q is dependent on the ratio of C to L while ω0 is dependent on the product of C and L.

It is possible to increase the ratio while maintaining a constant product. By doubling C and halfing L,
we can achieved double the Q while keeping ω0 constant

Option B:
√1
r
ω0 LC 1 L
Q= = R =
BW L
R C
Q is dependent on the ratio of L to C while ω0 is dependent on the product of C and L.

It is possible to increase the ratio while maintaining a constant product. By doubling L and halfing C,
we can achieved double the Q while keeping ω0 constant

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 15

8. Redo Problem 5 on the midterm

(a)
Solution: After t=0, the PMOS will be on while the NMOS is off, giving an equivalent circuit of:

RDS

+
Vout CL
−

The current through the resistor is

VDD −Vout
iR =
RDS
Since the cap and resistor are in series, we can say iR = ic . Using the capacitor voltage/current relation
ship, we get:

dVout VDD −Vout

ic = C =
dt RDS
Rearranging we get

dVout Vout VDD

+ =
dt RDSC RDSC

(b)
Solution: For an RC circuit, we know the general solution to the voltage across the capacitor is:
−t
vc (t) = vc (∞) + (vc (0) − vc (∞))e RC

At t = 0− , the NMOS is on, and the circuit has reached steady state, which means the voltage at the
output (and across the cap) is 0.

At t=∞, the capacitor will have been fully charged, and acts as an open. This means Vout = VDD at
t = ∞. These boundary conditions give us the equation:
−t −t
Vout (t) = VDD + (0 −VDD )e RC = VDD (1 − e RC )

(c)
Solution: For t>0, the equivalent circuit looks like

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 16

 RD

i1
+
RDS Vout CL
− ic
i2

Using KCL we can say:

i1 = i2 + ic

Using Ohm’s law and ic = C dV

dt

VDD −Vout Vout dVout

= +C
RD RDS dt
Rearranging we get

dVout  1 1  VDD
+ + Vout =
dt RDSC RDC RDC

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 17

 SID#_________________________
EE 16B Midterm 1
Fall 2017

Name:_____________________________________________________

SID #:______________________________________________________
(after the exam begins add your SID# in the top right corner of each page)

Discussion Section and TA:_____________________________
Discussion Section and TA:_____________________________
Lab Section and TA:___________________________________

Name of left neighbor:_________________________________
Name of right neighbor:________________________________

Instructions:

Show your work. An answer without explanation is not acceptable and does not guarantee any
credit.

Only the front pages will be scanned and graded. Back pages won't be scanned; you can use
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Do not remove pages, as this disrupts the scanning. If needed, cross out any parts that you
don't want us to grade.

PROBLEM MAX
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"Bueller?... Bueller?... Bueller?"
- Ferris Bueller's Day Off
Problem 1 Warm up (15 points)
Consider the following circuit.

a) What is iC1(t=0)? Show your work!





Solution:

b) What is iR1(t=0)? Show your work!






Solution:

c) What is vc1(t=∞)? Show your work!








Solution:

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d) Generate a Bode magnitude and phase plot for the following transfer function. Properly label all axes.

Magnitude

Phase

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"Ash: I can't lie to you about your chances, but... you have my sympathies."
- Alien
Problem 2 Resonance (n points)

At what frequency or frequencies does the impedance across the two terminals become purely real? You must
show your work to get full credit.





























Solution:

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"O-Ren Ishii: You didn't think it was gonna be that easy, did you?
The Bride: You know, for a second there, yeah, I kinda did.
O-Ren Ishii: Silly rabbit.
The Bride: Trix are...
O-Ren Ishii: ...for kids."
- Kill Bill Vol. 1
Problem 3 Time, time, time… (n points)
Consider the circuit below. Assume the switch was closed for all time until t = 0, when it was opened.

a) Provide a symbolic equation in one variable that can be solved to determine vC(t) for t ≥0.















Solution:

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b) What is vC(0)? Show your work.




Solution:

c) What is iL(0)? Show your work.





Solution:

d) What is vC(∞)? Show your work.





Solution:

e) What is iL(∞)? Show your work.






Solution:

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“There is a theory which states that if ever anyone discovers exactly what the Universe is for and why it is here, it will instantly
disappear and be replaced by something even more bizarre and inexplicable.
There is another theory which states that this has already happened.”
― Douglas Adams, The Restaurant at the End of the Universe
Problem 4 (n points)
You have three components on your workbench: a resistor, an inductor and a capacitor. Their values are R = 5
Ω, L = 20 mH, and C = 0.5 μF. You also have a short circuit and an open circuit. Wire them up inside the box
below, making sure to connect all four wires below to your circuit such that the box acts as a bandpass filter.
WE STRONGLY SUGGEST YOU SHOW YOUR SYMBOLIC WORK BELOW (FOR PARTIAL CREDIT IF WRONG)!

a) What is ω0 (the natural frequency) of your circuit?





Solution:

b) What are the -3 dB (cutoff) frequencies?

Solution:

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c) What is the bandwidth of your filter?














Solution:

d) What is the Q?












Solution:

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e) Is it possible to double the magnitude of Q by changing the values of L and/or C, while keeping ω0 and R
unchanged?

Circle one: YES NO


If yes, propose such values. If no, why not?










Solution:

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“And so it goes...”
― Kurt Vonnegut Jr., Slaughterhouse-Five
Problem 5 (n points)
Consider the circuit below. Please apply the “switch with resistor” model of a transistor when solving this
problem. Assume RDS is the ‘on’ resistance and |Vth,n| = |Vth,p| << VDD.

a) If vin(t) is as plotted above, please provide a differential equation in vout(t). (5 points)








Solution:

b) Please provide an expression for vout(t). (5 points)

Solution:

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c) Consider the circuit below. Please apply the “switch with resistor” model of a transistor when solving
this problem. Assume |Vth,n| = |Vth,p| << VDD.

If vin(t) is as plotted above, please provide a differential equation in vout(t). (5 points)

Solution:

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Extra Space

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Contributors:

• Siddharth Iyer.

• Justin Yim.

• Edward Wang.

EECS 16B, Fall 2017, Homework 5 31