ENGLISH 7 4TH QUARTER

GRAMMAR
Sentence Patterns:
 S–IV (subject-intransitive verb)
They ran.
 S–TV–DO (subject-transitive verb-direct object)
Reyvenne gave me this book.
 S–TV–IO–DO (subject-transitive verb-indirect object-direct object)
The customer paid me this bill.
 S–LV–PN (subject-linking verb-predicate noun)
She was the office manager.
 S–LV–PA (subject-linking verb-predicate adjective)
Michigan is attentive.
 S–TV–DO–OC (subject-transitive verb-direct object-object complement)
I considered him my friend.
 S–TV–DO–AC (subject-transitive verb-direct object-adjective complement)
My father painted the house green.
Kinds of Sentences according to Structure
 Simple – 1 independent clause
 Compound – 2 independent clauses joined together by a coordinating
conjunction (FANBOYS)
 Complex – 1 independent clause, 1 dependent clause
 Compound-Complex – 2 independent clauses, 1 dependent clause
LITERATURE
Elements of Drama

Play – a story intended to be performed

Drama Script – written form of a play
Author – playwright or dramatist

 Cast – usually begins a drama script; list of all the characters in a play
 Acts and Scenes – novel is divided into chapters, long drama is divided into acts;
each act has scenes that show each different place or time the action happens
 Dialog – conversation of characters in a play
Line– used to refer to all the words of a character without the other characters
interrupting
 Stage Directions – set off in parentheses and in italics; help the director and the
actors know important details
 Plot – the same as that of the short story
 Theme – central message about human nature or a general truth about life that
the story conveys
 Key Lines and Speeches

FILIPINO 7 4TH QUARTER

WIKA/BALARILA
Wastong Gamit ng Balarilang Filipino
 NG
– sumasagot sa tanong na ano, nino, kanino
– nagpapakita ng pag-aari
– ginagamit sa pangngalang pambalana
 NANG
– sumasagot sa tanong na paano, bakit, gaano
– pinapalitan ang salitang noon, upang
 R ( rin, raw, rito, roon)
– ang nauunang salita ay nagtatapos sa patinig (a, e, i, o, u) at malapatinig na
w at y
 D (din, daw, dito, doon)
– ang nauunang salita ay nagtatapos sa katinig maliban sa w at y, ra, re, ri, ro,
ru, raw, rew, riw, row, ruw, ray, rey, riy, roy, ruy

ICT 7 4TH QUARTER

ADOBE FLASH

Flash – gives web developers the power to create high-impact, fully integrated and
animated web pages

Web browsers currently support three image file types: GIF (.gif or graphics interchange
format), JPEG (.jpg/ .jpeg or joint photographic experts group) and PNG (.png or
portable network graphics)

Adobe Flash – professional solution for producing high-impact web experiences

Steps in Creating a Flash Application

1. Plan the application
2. Identify the media elements
3. Arrange the elements
4. Apply special effects
5. Use action script to control behavior
6. Test and publish the application

BASIC FLASH CONCEPTS AND TERMS

 Movie – consists of all the scenes, objects, effects and actions; collection of all
scenes
Scene – collection of different objects that animate based on frames
 Stage – working area in Flash
Layering – allows objects to be arranged in front or under each other
 Motion – movement of each object
One of the most important parts of a timeline is the frame – single time-slice of
the Flash movie
 Events – occur when something happens in a movie
 Actions – used to control the flow of the movie
 Effects – change in appearance of an object
Animating in Flash
 Tweened Animation – one creates starting and ending frames and lets Flash
create the frames in between
 Frame-by-Frame Animation – uses unique artwork in each frame
RASTER GRAPHICS VS VECTOR GRAPHICS
 Raster Graphics
– also called bitmapped graphics
– almost always relatively large files
– resolution-dependent
– displayed on the screen very quickly
 Vector Graphics
– use lines and curves
– contain the math to redraw the image onscreen
– resolution-independent
– can be displayed on output devices of varying resolutions without losing any
quality

When a document used in Flash is saved, it uses an FLA file. The .FLA file is always
bigger in file size that the .SWF, which is made for the web.

The small web format or .SWF file allows users to create simple to complex animation
and effects, and is still saved as a small file.

Symbol – any object intended to be used more than once

Instance – each copy of the symbol

Up state – how the button appears on the screen when it first appears
Over state – the pointer is over the button
Down state – state when the button is clicked
Hit state – defines the active area of the button

THE FLASH ENVIRONMENT

 Main Menu
 Toolbox
 Selection Tool (black arrow) – selects things in the work area
 Subselection Tool(white arrow) – views and modifies anchor points
 Line Tool – draws straight lines
 Lasso Tool – selects irregular shapes
 Pen Tool – creates precise paths
 Text Tool – creates text and text fields
 Rectangle Tool – draws filled and unfilled rectangles and perfect squares
 Pencil Tool – draws freehand lines
 Brush Tool – creates freehand fills with the selected brush shape
 Paint Bucket – applies a new color and style to an existing line
 Eyedropper Tool – selects the color and style of an existing line or fill for
reuse
 Eraser Tool – erases lines and fills
 Hand Tool – moves the stage around
  Zoom Tool – zooms in or out of the movie being created
 Timeline – where the content of the movie is animated
 Stage – where the movie is created
Panels – used to view information

SCIENCE LECTURE 4TH QUARTER

EARTH AND SPACE

Earth
 Made up of three spheres: hydrosphere (liquid part), lithosphere (solid part),
atmosphere (gaseous part)
LESSON 1: LOCATING PLACES ON EARTH
Latitude and Longitude
 Two imaginary lines that run from pole to pole and from west to east of the globe
 Systems of geometrical coordinates used as bases in telling direction and
locating places, measuring distance, and reckoning time on the earth’s surface
Equator
 Prime parallel that passes horizontally through the center of the earth
 Divides the globe into northern and southern hemispheres
Prime Meridian
 Vertical line that passes through Greenwich, England
 Divides the earth into western and eastern hemispheres
Latitudes
 North or south location of any place on earth
 Horizontal
Longitudes
 West or east location of any place on earth
 Vertical

LESSON 2: THE EARTH’S LITHOSPHERE

Lithosphere
 Solid portion of the earth
 Solid and hard because it is made of rocks
Layers of the Earth’s Interior
Crust
 Thinnest and outermost layer
 Continental Crust – composed of rocks rich with silicon aluminum (SIAL) ;
granite
 Oceanic Crust – thinner than continental crust; composed of rocks rich with
silicon, iron, and magnesium (SIMA); basalt
Mantle
 Reaches almost halfway to the center of the earth
 Upper mantle – silicates of metallic compounds
 Lower mantle – iron and magnesium
Core
 Innermost and central region of the earth’s interior
 Outer core – iron-rich metal alloy; liquid in form
  Inner core – comprises the entire center of the earth’s interior; composed of
heavy iron and nickel; solid in form
Rocks and Minerals
Petrology
 Science that deals with the study of the formation, composition, and classification
of rocks
Igneous Rocks
 Form from molten materials
 Solidified magma
Sedimentary Rocks
 Formed from small particles of rocks that have been lithified
Weathering – physical and chemical breakdown of rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
 Chemically changed in form, structure, and composition under great heat and
pressure
Rock Cycle

Igneous Rocks Weathering and erosion Sediments

Solidification Lithification

Magma Sedimentary Rocks

Melting Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphism

Minerals
 Naturally formed elements and inorganic compounds
 Materials that compose rocks
 Maybe composed of single elements or two or more elements chemically
combined
Mineralogy
 Study of minerals
Mineralogists
 Subject the minerals to various tests to identify them and determine their
properties

Landforms in the Philippines

Continents
 Large areas of land
 Seven continents in the world (biggest to smallest); Asia, Africa, North America,
South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia
Volcanoes
 The country has about 37 volcanoes, 18 are confirmed as active
 Active and dormant
 Mount Mayon – almost perfect-cone shaped; Legaspi, Albay
 Mt. Pinatubo
 Taal Volcano – smallest volcano in the Philippines; middle of the lake
 Mt. Bulusan
 Mt. HIbok-HIbok
 Mt. Apo – highest mountain in the Philippines; Davao City
 Mt. Banahaw
 Mt. Iraya
Mountains, Hills, and Mountain Ranges
 Mount Dulang-Dulang
 Sierra Madre Mountains – Northern Luzon
 Mt. Pulag – Ifugao
 Mt. Halcon – Oriental Mindoro
 Mt. Kanlaon – Negros Occidental
 Chocolate Hills – Bohol
 Aurora Hills – Bohol
 Antipolo Hills – Rizal
Plains, Valleys, and Plateaus
 Central Plain of Luzon – largest lowland in the country; Rice Granary of the
Philippines
 Cagayan Valley – provides the country’s top agricultural crops
 Trinidad Valley – Salad Bowl of the Philippines; Mountain Province

LESSON 3: THE EARTH’S HYDROSPHERE

Hydrosphere
 Liquid portion of the Earth
The Earth’s Oceans
Oceans
 Cover about 71% of the Earth
 Five great oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern
Pacific Ocean
 World’s largest ocean
 Mariana’s Trench – deepest part of the world
Atlantic Ocean
 Second largest ocean
Indian Ocean
 1/5 of the total oceans in the world
 Third largest ocean
Arctic Ocean
 Smallest of the world’s oceans
Southern Ocean
 Have the coldest and deepest currents
Water Currents
 Motion of the bodies of water
Organisms that Inhabit the Ocean Environment
Planktons
  Microscopic organisms that float on the surface of the water
 Phytoplanktons – single-celled, colonial, and filamentous algae; photosynthetic
and considered producers of the aquatic environment
 Zooplanktons – feed on phytoplanktons and serve as food for other larger
animals
Nektons
 Larger swimming species like fish, squids and the like
 Harvested as food sources
Benthos
 Organisms that live on the ocean floor

LESSON 4: THE EARTH’S NATURAL RESOURCES

Natural Resources
 Used to support life and provide energy for living things to work and for machines
to run or operate
Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
Renewable Resources
 Can be used readily and can be produced or regenerated repeatedly
Nonrenewable Resources
 Have finite existence
 Cannot be replaced or regenerated easily

INTERACTIONS IN THE ATMOSPHERE

Atmosphere
 Blanket of air that surrounds planet earth
Air
 Mixture of gases
LESSON 1: COMPOSITION AND LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
GAS ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION (%)
Nitrogen 78
Oxygen 21
Argon 0.3
Carbon Dioxide 0.03
Other gases 0.07

Nitrogen
 Most abundant gas in the atmosphere
 Does not enter into chemical combinations easily
 Important component of protein
Oxygen
 Second most abundant gas
Carbon Dioxide
 Comprises a tiny fraction of the atmospheric gases
Different Atmospheric Layers
T-he
S-cience
M-onkeys
T-ook
E-van

Troposphere
 Nearest to the earth’s surface
 Densest layer
 Clouds of all types, storms and all types of weather phenomena occur in this
layer
 Tropopause – upper boundary
Stratosphere
 Less dense and relatively dry
 Ozone layer
 Stratopause – upper boundary
Mesosphere
 Hottest layer
 Mesopause – upper boundary
Thermosphere
 Coldest layer
 Thermopause – upper boundary
Exosphere
 Thin transition layer into outer space
Greenhouse Effect
 Natural warming of the earth
Greenhouse Gases
 Heat-trapping gases
 Cause global warming and ozone depletion
 Carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, water vapor
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC)
 Most destructive greenhouse gas

LESSON 2: WEATHER AND CHANGES IN WEATHER

Weather
 General condition of the atmosphere over an area within a specific period of time
Principal Elements of the Atmosphere that determine the Weather: temperature, air
pressure, relative humidity, clouds, precipitation
 Temperature – thermometer
Thermograph – self-recording thermometer
 Air Pressure – weight of air; barometer
Higher altitude, less air pressure; Higher temperature, less air pressure
 Humidity – concentration of water vapor, hygrometer
Humid– air containing much water vapor
Air Capacity – amount of water vapor the air can absorb
Relative Humidity – actual volume of water vapor in a volume of air
 Clouds – the process of condensation forms clouds
Dew Point – lowest temperature that cools the air at constant pressure to bring
about condensation
 Precipitation
High and Low Pressure Areas – caused by the unequal heating of the earth’s
surface
Tropical Depression – 55 to 64 km/h
 Tropical Storm – 65 to 119 km/h
Typhoon – 120 to 185 km/h
Super Typhoon – above 185 km/h

 Wind Movement
Convection Current – movement of air
Breeze – a gentle wind
Sea Breeze – occurs during daytime, sea to land
Land Breeze – occurs during nighttime, land to sea

 Different Winds and Pressure Belts

Global Winds – general patterns of wind circulation
(winds are named for the direction from where they begin, not to the direction
where they flow)

Doldrums – belt of low pressure found at the equator

– characterized by weak and calm winds
– also known as Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
Tropical Easterlies – warm air from the equator that rises , cools, and flows back
toward the equator
Horse Latitudes – 35º north and south latitudes
– characterized by high pressure and gentle winds
– areas where most of the world’s deserts are situated
Tropical Westerlies – trade winds
Prevailing Westerlies – 60º to 30º
Polar Easterlies – winds that come from the poles, 90º to 60º

SEASONS AND ECLIPSES

LESSON 1: ABOUT THE EARTH IN SPACE
Distance of the Earth from the Sun
 The earth’s orbit around the sun is elliptical so there are times that it is 2 percent
nearer to the sun (perihelion) and 2 percent farther from the sun (aphelion)
Size and Shape of the Earth
 Oblate Spheroid – sphere with flat poles and a bulging equator. This distortion in
shape can be attributed to the earth’s rapid rotation
Albedo – amount of light reflected by a planet

Revolution – movement of the earth around the sun in a counterclockwise direction, 365
¼ days
– causes the changes in seasons
Rotation – spinning of the earth on its own axis which lasts for about 24 hrs (23 hrs 56
mins)

The earth is inclined 23.5º

Seasons in the Philippines

 Wet season
 Dry season
Monsoons – caused by the differences in the heating patterns of the seas and lands in
the region
Northeast Monsoon or Amihan – December to February
Southwest Monsoon or Habagat – June to September or October or even November

Arctic circle

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

Antarctic Circle

LESSON 2: ABOUT THE MOON

Moon – ¼ of the earth’s diameter
– revolves around the earth in an elliptical orbit and in a counterclockwise direction
within a period of 27.3 days
Apogee – farthest distance from the moon to the earth
Perigee– shortest distance from the moon to the earth

Craters – circular depressions

Marias –means seas; large, dark areas on the moon

Moon’s gravity is only 1/6 of the earth’s gravity

Tides and How They Occur

Tide – the regular rise and fall of ocean water

Spring Tides – high tides and low tides are respectively higher and lower than usual
– the sun , moon and earth are in line with each other
Neap Tides – high tides are lower than usual and low tides are higher than usual
– the sun, moon, and earth are at right angles with each other

AP 7 4th QUARTER

IKALAWANG DIGMAANG PANDAIGDIG

Great Depression – tumutukoy sa pagbagsak ng ekonomiyang pandaigdig bunga ng
pagbagsak ng pamilihan ng salaping puhunan o stock market ng Estados Unidos noong
1929

Pasismo – pampolitikong kilusang militante na nagbibigay diin sa pagpapakita ng

katapatan sa estado at pagtalima sa kautusan ng namumuno nito
Dahilang ng World War II
 Kasunduan ng Versailles
– 1919
– tinawag na “armistice” (21 taon)
 Hindi pagsali ng USA sa league of nation
 Pagsulong ng sosyalista sa Russia
– taliwas sa kapitalismong nanaig sa USA at Englatera
 Pasismo sa Italy
– malakas na paghawak ng pamahalaan sa ekonomiya at pagpapatatag ng
nasyonalismo sa bayan
 Pag-usbong ng Totalitaryanismo
– ganap na pagkontrol ng pamahalaan sa lipunan
Germany – Adolf Hitler (Nazism)
Italy – Benito Mussolini (Pasismo)
Russia – Joseph Stalin (Sosyalismo)
 Pag-usbong ng Nasyonalismo
– malakas na pagmamahal sa bayan
Japan – Emperador Hirohito

Axis Powers
Germany = Italy = Japan
Intensyon: LEBENSRAUM (living space)

1935 – sinakop ng Italy ang Ethopia

1937 – Manchuria (Tsina)
1938 – sinakop ng Germany ang Austria at Czechoslovakia
Blitzkrieg – paraan ng paglusob ng Alemanya at Italya “bilis at sorpresa”
1939 – Poland Invasion
– sinakop ng Germany ang Poland
– sinakop ng Italy ang Albania
Kasunduang Nazi-Soviet – kasunduan na naglalaman ng pagiging neutral ng Alemanya
at USSR
1940 – battle of France
– nanakop ang USSR
1941 – great patriotic war (pagtataksil ng Germany)
– naitatag ang Allied Forces – USA, Soviet Union, France, Great Britain
December 7, 1941 – pagpapasabog sa Pearl Harbor
Mga Bansa sa Asya na nasangkot sa labanan sas Asia-Pacific: China, Philippines,
Vietnamn, Guam
1942 – Asia-Pacific Battle
1943 – natalo ang Italy at napababa sa pwesto si Benito Mussolini
1944 – victory-in-Europe day
– nabawi ng Allied Forces ang Europe sa Germany
1945 – bombing of Hiroshima (August 6, Little Boy) at Nagasaki (August 9, Fat Man)
– sumuko ang Japan sa US, pumirma ng kasunduan sa US Missouri (barko)

PAMAHALAAN AT SISTEMANG PULITIKAL SA ASYA

Pamahalaan
  Galing sa salitang griyego na gubernaculums na nangangahulugang timon
 Isang organisasyong panlipunan upang magkaroon ng makatotohanang batas na
magkaroon ng katarungan at kapayapaan sa bansa.

IBA’T IBANG SISTEMANG PULITIKAL SA ASYA

Monarkiya – Ito ay pinamumunuan ng isang hari o reyna
 Monarkiyang Konstitusyonal – Ang kapangyarihan ng hari o reyna ay limitado
dahil sa sinusunod sa konstitusyon.
 Monarkiyang Absoluto – Lubos ang kapangyarihan ng hari o reyna
Republika – Sa isang republika, ang tao ang makapangyarihan
 Presidensyal – Ang pinuno ng buong estado ay ang pangulo
 Parliyamentaryo – Ang pinuno ng buong estado ay ang punong ministro
 Unitaryo – Saklaw ng pamahalaang pambansa/nasyonal ang pamahalaang local
 Federal – May awtonomiya ang pamahalaang local mula sa pamahalaang
pambansa/nasyonal
Komunismo – Ito ay karaniwang kumikilos sa prinsipyong “ From each according to his
abilities and to each according to his needs.” Ang mga mamamayan ay walang
karapatan sa mga ari-arian.
Diktaduryal – Pinamumunuan ang bansa sa pamamagitan ng pamimilit sa tao
Emirato/Sultanato – Pinamumunuan ng Emir o Sultan bilang lider espiritwal at lider ng
bansa
 Sultanato – ang namumuno ay sultan
 Emirato – ang namumuno ay emir, prinsipe o prinsesa

SISTEMANG PULITIKAL SA BANSANG HAPON

 Ang emperador ( Dai Nippon Teikoku Tenno) ay panseremonya lamang at
nagsisilbing simbolo ng pamahalaan at tanging nag-uugnay ng nakaraan sa
nakalipas na Monarkiyang Konstitusyonal ng bansang Hapon. Sa kasalukuyan,
ito ay Parliyamentaryong Monarkiya.
Ang EHEKUTIBO
 Ang pambansang patakaran ng pamahalaan ay isinasaayos at isnisasagawa ng
punong ministro at ng kanyang cabinet na inihalal ng diet
Diet – tawag sa kongreso o batasan ng Hapon

Ang LEHISLATURA
 Ang diet ay binubuo ng House of Councilors at ng House of Representatives
Kapulungan ng Konseho – 252 na miyembro na inihalal para sa anim na taong
panunungkulan
Kapulungan ng Kinatawan – 511 miyembro ng kinatawan sa 124 distrito na inihalal para
sa apat na taong panunungkulan

Ang HUKUMAN
 Ang sangay na ito ng pamahalaan ay indipendyente. Ito ay pinamumuhunanan
ng punong ministro na inihalal ng gabinete at itinalaga ng emperador at iba pang
15 mahistrado na itinatakda naman ng mga miyembro ng gabinete
Ang hapon ay may 47 perfecture o lalawigan na nasa ilalim ng pamamahala ng
pamahalaang sentral at pinamamahalaan ng gobernador.

SISTEMANG PULITIKAL SA SOUTH KOREA

Cold War – tumutukoy sa tensyong diplomatiko sa pagitan ng Estados Unidos at
Soviet Union, ang dalawang bansang superpowers matapos ang WW2
38th Parallel – imahinaryong linya na naghati sa Korea (North at South) sa 38 degris.
Taehan Mingkuk (The Republic of Korea) – napili ng South Korea na opisyal na
pangalan ng bansa
Syngman Rhee – unang nahalal na pangulo ng bansa

 Itinalaga ng Saligang Batas ng Republike ang sistemang presidensyal para sa

sangay ng ehekutibo na inihalal ng mga mamamayan
National Assembly – nakatalaga dito ang kapangyarihan ng lehislatura na may iisang
sangay. May kapangyarihan ding magpaalis sa tungkulin ng isang pangulo sa
ipinagkaloob ditong kapangyarihan sa panahon ng pangangailangan (emergency
powers) ng saligang batas.

 Ang Korte Suprema ang pinakamataas na hukuman ng bansa na pinamumunuan

ng punong mahistrado na itinalaga ng pangulo upang manungkulan ng anim na
taon.

PAMAHALAAN NG TSINA
 Partidong Komunista – ito ang siyang kumukontrol sa pamahalaan, sa hukbo at
sa masang bumubuo sa selda ng partido.
 Estado
 People’s Liberation Army
 POLITBURO – tagapagpatupad ng batas
 Standing Committee – binubuo ng apat hanggang siyam na kalalakihan na
nagpapasya sa mga mahahalagang bagay na may kinalaman sa buong bansa.
 National People’s Congress (NPC) – pinakamataas na sangay ng
kapangyarihang estado na naghahalal ng pangulo, pangalawang pangulo,
konseho ng estado at sentrong komisyon ng militar sa bansa
 Konseho ng Estado (State Council) – pangunahing awtoridad sa bansa na
namamahala sa mga lalawigan
 Sentrong Komisyon ng Militar – tagapangulo ng komisyon ang punog
komandante ng hukbong sandatahan at nangangasiwa sa PLA.
Manchukuo – tawag sa pamahalaang puppet na itinatag ng Japan sa Manchuria
Madyik – blitzkrieg
–ginamit ng mga Amerikano sa pagsalakay sa mga Hapon
Island Hopping – estratehiyang ginamit ng mga Amerikano upang salakayin ang mga
Hapones
Enola Gay – bomb carrier na nagbagsak ng bomba sa Tokyo at Hiroshima
Feminist – mga babaeing aktibista na inakusahang mga instigador ng kaguluhan sa
lipunan
Four Modernizations – magsisimula pa lang ibigay
– ang bansang Tsina ay nagsulong ng isang hakbang na kung saan ito ay
napapalooban ng pagbibigay ng higit na malaking pambayang sakahan o
commune sa mga batalyong magsasaka
Great Leap Forward – mga panibagong reporma sa Tsina kung saan napapalooban
ang mga ito ng muling pagbibigay sa mga magbubukid ng kani-kanilang sakahan at
produksiyon sa bansa