A second plastic mold section apparatus

First, the basic content of this chapter:

This chapter contains several classification method of injection mold;
the mold for each type of mechanism components and features; Relationship
category molding apparatus, the working process, the main parameters and
specifications, injection molding and injection machine, injection molding
machine in the selection of the method of checking the parameters.
Second, learning objectives and requirements:
In this lesson, classification and control of several commonly used
plastic mold structure typical plastic mold, familiar injection molding
machine, press, extruder molding equipment.
Third, the focus of this chapter, difficulties:
Common structural plastic mold composition, working process of the
injection machine, the main parameters, understanding the relationship
between injection molding and injection machine, the check of parameters.

l, injection molding
Injection molding machine is mounted on the injection mold process used
to complete an injection molding.

1） Injection mold structure

Many different types of injection molding, the structure of the plastic

variety, type injection machine structure and plastic parts and the like
related to many factors. In general, injection molding is a molding member,
gating system, the guide member, pushing mechanism, temperature control
system, the exhaust system component parts and the support, if apertured
plastic parts or lateral projections, further comprising a lateral injection
molding typing and pulling mechanism.

Shaped member
 Movable means, related to the composition of the fixed mold cavity parts.
Gating system

It is a molten plastic into the mold cavity through the nozzle passage
from the injection machine, comprising a sprue, runner, gate and cold slug.

Guide member

In injection molding, the mold with the guide member to guide the movable
die fixed to the mold when the mold accurate apposition.

Ejecting mechanism

It refers to a device from the mold after the introduction of the parting
plastic parts.

Thermostat system

In order to meet the process requirements of the injection mold

temperature, temperature control system requires a temperature of the mold
can be adjusted. Injection molding of thermoplastics is mainly general design
of the mold cooling system.

Exhaust System

To the outer plastic molding mold itself volatilized gas discharge, often
defines vent grooves in the parting surface. For a small mold plastic parts
directly by the gap or the exhaust gas and the like parting surface of the
mold plunger.

Supporting parts

Parts portions mechanism for mounting a support or fixing of the shaped

parts and

Typing and lateral pulling mechanism

While some plastic parts with a hole or lateral projection of

irregularities, the irregularities must first lateral side of the module or
engagement of the valve core is disengaged or withdrawn from the plastic
parts.
 2) Sort injection mold

An injection molding method a lot of classification, used in the form

of an injection machine into a vertical injection molding, horizontal
injection molding and injection molding Angle; molding material by injection
molding into thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics injection mold; the
mold press the number of cavities divided into single and multiple-cavity
injection mold; injection mold according to the general structural features
of a single injection mold can be divided into sub-surface injection molding,
double injection mold parting plane, the angle pin (pin bend, the swash the
guide groove, the slider obliquely) with core pulling side parting injection
molding with the injection mold insert of activity, with the stationary mold
and the injection mold Release automatic unloading device like the screw of
the injection mold.

2, compression molding

Compression molding is complete the mold plastic compression molding,

a compression mold belonging to one of the mold is relatively simple, it is
primarily for shaping thermoset. It is generally fixed by the upper mold
portion and fixed to the press ram at a mold composed of the lower press part
of the table.

Compression molding can be divided into six parts:

Cavity

A mold cavity portion shaped plastic parts, the feed chamber acts filled
with material.

Loading chamber

Due to the large volume of the plastic powder, chamber should be deeper
than the number of cavities.

Guide mechanism
 A guide post and guide sleeve composed of, in order to ensure the accuracy
of the mold and the guide mechanism is introduced in order to ensure smooth
vertical movement of the ejector mechanism.

Side core and Typing

When forming a lateral structure having irregularities or holes, the mold

should be provided with a variety of side core type mechanism.

Ejecting mechanism

Compression molding must be designed to launch mechanism.

Heating system

Thermosetting plastics compression molding by heating the mold, heating

the mold has the form of heating or natural gas.

3, injection mold

Plastic injection mold injection-molding mold is completed. Pressure

injection molding and compression molding methods are thermosets, but
injection molding and compression molding pressure biggest difference is
that, for the injection mold with a molten plastic material is heated to a
separate heating chamber.

Injection mold injection mold can be divided into the tank and a ram
injection molding, injection mold and the tank is divided into mobile and
stationary injection mold injection mold.

Injection mold structure can be divided into six parts, the mold parts
into the shaping member, with the injection molding, as compression molding,
a convex mold, and the core die etc; loading chamber and a feeding means
consisting of pressure column; runner system injection mold and the injection
mold similar; heating injection-molded multi-use electric heating, fixed
injection mold discretion pressure column, upper and lower dies have design
of the heating means; mobile injection mold using a hydraulic press upper
and lower heating plate injection mold member to shape into a time, the
exhaust gas is very important, not only to exhaust groove design, but also
to design the overflow trough, the excess material is discharged in order
to ensure the quality of plastic. The characteristics of the plastic
injection mold and the mold parts need to design the guide means, the side
portion of the core type pumping mechanism and the release mechanism or the
like, its structure and compression molding and injection molding is very
similar.

4, the extrusion die

Suitable for extrusion molding of plastic pipe, bar, straight-sectional

profile, a hollow shaped article, and filaments, cable cladding, extrusion
film or the like.

Extrusion molding die is referred extruder head, referred to as the head.

Plasticized plastic in the nose a homogeneous melt, and the shape of the
article into the desired shape through a die.

Extrusion molding handpiece action:

(1) reacting the molten plastic into linear motion by the screw motion;

(2) after the plastic nose and further plasticized;

(3) forming pressure sufficient to produce the dense plastic parts;

(4) continuously forming a desired cross-sectional shape of the profile.

Since the cross-sectional shape of the extrusion molding plastic

articles vary, the nose can be divided into the head tube as extruded pipe,
extruded rod nose bars, the nose of the sheet extruded sheet, blown film blown
film head, etc., but the composition is substantially the same as the nose.

Die and the mandrelIs a cross-sectional shape into a shaping member is.
Wherein the shaping die member outer surface of the mandrel to the inner
surface of the shaping member.
 Filter plates, filterThe role of the plastic melt is converted by the
helical motion into a linear motion, and a certain pressure filter
impurities.

Splitter shunts and stentsPassing through its thin plastic melt into
an annular splitter, smoothly into the forming zone while further heating
and plasticizing. Shunt main stent and the mandrel for supporting the
diverter, but also to strengthen the shear mixing action of the plastic melt
splitter. Small shunts and stents may be designed to shunt integrally.

Head bodyAnd a support for assembling the various components of the

handpiece, the handpiece body further requires connection to the extruder,
the connection should be sealed to prevent spillage of the plastic melt.

Electric heating coilIn order to ensure the normal flow of the plastic
melt in the extrusion head and in quality.

Adjusting screwAnd a gap for adjusting concentricity between the forming

zone to control the die and the mandrel in order to ensure a uniform wall
thickness extruded plastic, usually defined as the number of adjustment
screws 4-8.

Calibration sleeve, Although the plastic leaving the forming zone having
a given shape, but is still high due to the temperature of the plastic
deformation can not resist the weight, which requires a calibration sleeve
to cool setting, the article to obtain a good surface quality, the correct
size and geometry.

5, injection machine

Injection molding is a plastic injection molding machine equipment used.

1) Working Process injection machine working cycle is as follows:

Heating, preplasticator

In the drive transmission screw, the material from the hopper forward
conveyance, compacting, at a cylinder outside the heater, the shear screw
and barrel, the mixing action of the friction, the material is gradually
melted, the cartridge head portion has accumulated a certain amount of molten
plastic, the screw retreat under the pressure slowly melt. Backward distance
depends on the amount of injection needed basis to adjust the metering device,
when the injection amount reaches a predetermined screw stops rotating and
retracted.

Clamping and locking

Pushing the movable platen and the clamping means is mounted on a movable
platen movable mold die mold clamping the fixed mold and fixed on the portion
of the template and locked, in order to ensure a sufficient clamping force
of the mold locked during molding.

Advancing the injection device

After the completion of clamping, injection of the entire seat is pushed

forward, then the main injection machine nozzle and the mold pouring crossing
completely bonded.

Injection, holding pressure

On the injection nozzle after completely bonded to the mold gate, the
injection of oil into the high pressure hydraulic cylinder, lead screw is
advanced relative to the cylinder, a cylinder head will accumulate in the
melt at a sufficient injection pressure in the mold cavity. Reducing the
volume of the plastic due to temperature shrinkage, to ensure the compactness,
dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of plastic parts, the need
to maintain a certain pressure on the mold cavity of the melt to supplement
the material.

Pressure relief

When the melt at the mold gate freezes, to relief.

Back injection device

 In general, after completion of pressure relief screw to rotate backward,
the time to complete the addition, the pre-plasticizing process. After
completion of the pre-molding, the injection die casting apparatus main
evacuation crossing.

Opening the mold, ejecting plastic parts

The mold cavity after cooling the shaped plastic parts, mold clamping
mechanism, and the introduction of the plastic in the mold member.

2) injection machine classification

(1) injection molding machine according to shape characteristics can be

divided into vertical, horizontal, angled three.

Vertical injection machine

The injection device with the axis of the clamping mechanism a straight
line vertically.

Advantages: small footprint, easy to mold disassembly, easy to place the

insert.

Disadvantages: high center of gravity, feeding difficulties; Release of

plastic parts to be removed by hand, is not easy to automate; smaller volume.

Horizontal injection machine

Axis of the injection device and the clamping device are arranged
horizontally in a straight line, it is widely used.

Advantages: low center of gravity and stability; easy addition,

operation and maintenance; self-off plastic parts, easy to automate.

Disadvantages: mold mounting problems, the insert seated instability,

a larger area of the machine.

Angle injection machine

Arranged perpendicular to each axis of the injection device and the

clamping device.
 Advantages, disadvantages between horizontal and vertical injection
machine injection machine.

Especially suitable plane plastic parts forming the central gate remain
is not allowed.

(2) by plastic injection molding machine in different ways in the

plasticizing cylinder can be divided into a plunger-type injection molding
machine and an injection machine screw.

Plunger injection machine

Metal injection plunger rod having a diameter of 20-100mm, the material

from the hopper quantitatively to fall within the cartridge, when it is
advancing the plunger retracted, and the cartridge chamber feedstock through
the torpedo, into the plastic sheet, uniform heating and further mixing under
shear and plasticizing plastics, and completion of the injection. Mostly
vertical injection machine, the injection amount is less than 30-60g, easy
molding melt fluidity poor, strong heat-sensitive plastic.

Screw Injection Molding

When the screw rotates in the barrel, the plastic in the hopper human
volume gradually compacted, plasticized and exhaust, the plastic melt toward
the front of the cartridge, the cartridge between the top and collected in
the nozzle, by the screw itself melt pressure slowly retracted. When the melt
reservoir reaches a predetermined injection volume, the screw stops rotating,
driven by a hydraulic cylinder, the melt injected into the mold. It is a
horizontal injection machine screw.

(3)Injection machine specifications and main parameters

Currently, a standard injection machine, a useful amount of the main

injection parameter, based mold clamping force is also useful parameters,
but mostly injection volume / mold clamping force to a main feature of the
injection machine.
 There are national standards Ministry of Light Industry Standard, the
Department of Mechanical and national standards. Injection Model The letter
S denotes a plastic machinery, Z represents a injection machine, X represents
shaped, Y represents a screw (not represented plunger Y) and the like.

Using 3) injection machine

Selection of an injection machine comprising two aspects: First,

determine the model injection machine, plastic, plastic parts, injection
molding and injection process or the like as required in the specifications
of the injector injection machine specifications selected adjustable range
inside; First, adjust the injection parameters to machine the required
technical parameters.

(1) Select the type of injection machine

The plastic selected varieties, the plastic structural member forming

method, the production lot, the conventional injection process equipment and
the like.

(2) injection machine specifications primaries

Based on past experience and the size of the injection mold, the injection
machine to a preselected type, to be performed after the following check.

(3) check the injection machine parameters

1) The maximum injection volume check

Together with the plastic parts, including the general quality of frozen
material should not exceed 80% of the nominal injector injection amount, an
injection machine represented in nominal capacity.

2) injection pressure check

Well-known injection machine injection pressure is greater than the

molding pressure.

3) check the clamping force

 Due to the cavity is filled, will produce a significant axial thrust along
the high pressure injection of plastic melt machine, this force should be
less than the nominal clamping force injection machine, otherwise an overflow
phenomenon.

4) check the size of the mounting portion

It should include checking the size of the nozzle holes, the positioning
ring, the maximum thickness of the die mold thickness and the smallest
template.

a) Nozzle size

Injection machine nozzle tip radius R1 of the spherical end should always
be spherical radius R2 coincide with the mold sprue, the melt overflows from
the high pressure to avoid the slit. R1 R2 should generally be large than
1 ~ 2mm, or plastic material within the sprue condensate not prolapse.

b) positioning ring in order to make the size of the mold sprue center
line of the injector nozzle centerline coincident, the overall structure of
positioning ring or sprue bush of the mold locating ring on the stationary
platen of the injection shall outer dimension d positioning holes was
stationary template clearance fit relatively loose.

c) the maximum and minimum mold thickness

Mold should be designed so that the total thickness of the mold die
positioned between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the
injection molding machine may mold installation. Mold dimensions should also
be checked, so that between the mold from an injection machine loaded lever.

d) screw size

Movable platen of the injection mold, and injection, respectively,

should be stationary platen motor template, screw holes adapted to a given
template. Installation on the mold injection machine and a stationary platen
fixed bolt.
 e) check opening stroke and ejection mechanism

Opening stroke injection machine is limited, plastic removed from the

mold from the mold required for injection molding machine must be less than
the maximum distance mold, or plastic can not be removed from the mold. Mold
opening distance is generally be divided into two cases: First, when using
the injection molding machine clamping mechanism acting hydraulic machinery
for the maximum opening stroke determines the maximum stroke of a link
mechanism, not affected by the mold thickness of the injection machine, i.e.,
independent of the maximum opening stroke of the mold thickness; the second
is when the injection machine clamping mechanism acting hydraulic of
mechanical joint, the greatest impact stroke determines the maximum opening
stroke of the link mechanism, and the mold by the injection machine, i.e.,
the maximum thickness of the mold stroke of the mold thickness.

6, press

Compression molding plastic and equipment used are injection-molding

press.

1) Classification press

Press into its transmission mode of mechanical presses and hydraulic

presses. Pressure inaccurate mechanical press, large motion noise, easy to
wear, only be applied to small devices; function provides hydraulic pressure
to obtain a large stroke, adjustable working pressure, simple structure,
convenient operation, smooth, using very extensive.

2) hydraulic machine specifications and parameters

Table 2-12 lists the technical parameters of the conventional hydraulic

press.

3) the relationship between the press and the mold

(1) forming the total pressure check

 Total pressure and the geometry of the molding plastic parts, the
horizontal projection area of the relevant molding process.

(2) The mold opening force and ejection force of the check

Calculating a) the mold opening force

When the mold opening force machines, do not need to check the mold
opening force.

b) release force

Release force is plastic parts from the mold ejection forces.

(3) clamping the mold and mold opening stroke height check

Mold clamping height should be the maximum and minimum distance between
the opening of the press down the template.

(4)Press work surface about the size of the check

(5) Mold Release relationship with the press means

a) manual ejection mechanism

b) the top of the bracket

c) a hydraulic ejector mechanism

Mold ejection mechanism must be compatible with an ejection mechanism

of the press, i.e., less than the desired stroke of the press mold Release
maximum ejection stroke; tail shaft of the mold and the press ram thread
should coincide.

7, an extruder

Plastic extrusion molding apparatus used is an extruder.

(1) extrusion molding process

Extrusion molding a continuous plastic sheet is manufactured, a method

bars, extrusion molding a plastic is solid at a certain temperature and
pressure conditions, the molten, plasticized by an extruder screw (or plunger)
pressurization, it becomes continuous with the cross-sectional profile
similar to the shape of the die through a die of a particular shape.

Suitable for extrusion molding all thermoplastics and thermoset plastics

part.

Categories (2) of the extruder

Is the working principle of the extruder: screw rotates in the barrel,

compaction of the material is continuously pushed, the material under the
action of high shear, friction, plus other than the heater, gradually and
uniformly after melting, at a constant pressure and flow extruded from the
handpiece.

Shape extruder and injection molding machine with a very similar

principle, except that the extruder is fed continuously, so that continuous
movement of the screw. Extruder is generally divided into a single screw
extruder and a twin screw extruder, two kinds, according to the spatial
position of the screw in the extruder can be divided into horizontal and
vertical extruder. Horizontal screw extruder is placed horizontally,
convenient to complete the production of various articles, is widely used.
Vertical screw extruder is disposed vertically, since the vertical auxiliary
extruder is difficult preparation machine, the machine height and larger size,
it is generally only adopted minicomputer.

Specification (3) and the main parameters of the extruder

The main parameters of the extruder screw diameter, the screw rotation
number, length to diameter ratio (meaning the ratio between the effective
screw length to diameter), motor power and the like. Table 2-16 as part of
the main parameters of the extruder-made.