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MECHANICAL

DRAUGHTING N4

Study Guide

D10056019
Edition 1

*D10056019-E1*
D10056019-E1
MECHANICAL DRAUGHTING N4
Study Guide

CONTENTS PAGE

How to use this Study Guide 1

Study Schedule 3

Study Session 1 7

Assignment 1 9

Study Session 2 13

Assignment 2 14

Study Session 3 17

Study Session 4 18

Study Session 5 19

Study Session 6 20

Study Session 7 21

Assignment 3 22

Study Session 8 26

Assignment 4 27

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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG
GETTING IN TOUCH

DAMELIN College
PO Box 19, Cape Town, 8000

Phone: (021) 417 6600 or 0860 31 31 31 Fax: 0861 31 31 31

E-mail: support@Damelin.edu.za

VISIT US ON THE INTERNET: http://www.Damelin.edu.za

PRINTING HISTORY

1st Edition December 2012

 INTERNATIONAL COLLEGES GROUP (ICG) PTY. LTD. 2012


130 Strand Street, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa
_______________________________________________________________________
This document contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. All
rights are reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced,
electronically stored or transmitted, or translated without the written permission of
International Colleges Group (ICG).
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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / (ii)
HOW TO USE THIS STUDY GUIDE

We have compiled this study guide to help you understand and master Mechanical
Draughting.

The course will cover your prescribed textbook, Mechanical Draughting by


C.L. Moolman and C.G. Brink.

This study guide has divided the work into simplified sections, called study sessions,
each consisting of the following:

• prescribed reading;

• exercises;

• self-assessment questions;

• assignments.

Study Sessions

Your study sessions set out what you should study and which assignments to
complete. You should also do the exercises and the self-assessment questions where
applicable at the end of each module in your textbook. Compare your answers to the
notes in your textbook.

For your own benefit, do not skip any study sessions.

Note the following:

• You must work through each study session.

• There are four assignments to complete in this study guide.

• Send your completed assignments to the College for assessment.

The order in which you should study has been set out in your study schedule.

If you have any problems or queries, you should contact your tutor through the
College.

In order for you to achieve outstanding results, you must follow our instructions
carefully.

Exercises

You must do the exercises in your textbook and compare your answers against the
notes in your textbook.

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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 1
Self-assessment questions

You must complete the self-assessment tests in each study session where applicable
and check your answers against the notes in your textbook.

Assignments

This study guide includes four assignments in which we will test you on the work you
have done. These assignments are for your own benefit and will show yourself and us
whether you understand the work.

If you require additional space when completing the assignments, you should use one
of the empty pages at the back of the drawing pad. [Remember to repeat the assignment
serial number on the new page.]

Mechanical Draughting is a subject that you need to understand and practise,


not a subject you can learn off by heart.

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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 2
STUDY SCHEDULE

The study schedule shows you what each study session consists of, the learning
objectives of each module, the topics covered in your textbook, the exercises to
complete and which assignments to send to the College.

ASSIGNMENTS
STUDY
MATERIAL TO TO BE
SESSION LEARNING OBJECTIVES EXERCISES
BE STUDIED SUBMITTED TO
NUMBER
THE COLLEGE

1. Module 1: When you have completed this module, you should Exercise 1.1 Assignment 1
be able to: Exercise 1.2 D10056019-A
Fundamentals • understand the importance of Mechanical
of Mechanical Draughting;
Draughting • give the different sizes and size relationships Self-assessment
of the A series of drawing paper used in
mechanical drawings;
• set up a drawing sheet with the appropriate
title block;
• make effective use of basic drawing
instruments and equipment, including the
drawing board;
• understand the relationship between line
thicknesses and line types as well as
drawing specifications used in Mechanical
Draughting;
• make suitable freehand drawings of
mechanical components; and
• proportion your drawings correctly.

Module 2: When you have completed this module, you should Exercise 2.1
be able to: Exercise 2.2
Screw thread, • draw, in either first-angle or third-angle
square thread orthographic projection, the conventional
and helical representation of the primary views of
springs internal and external left-handed and
right-handed square thread;
• draw, in either first-angle or third-angle
orthographic projection, the conventional
representation of the primary views of
internal and external left-handed and
right-handed helical springs;
• draw outside and sectional views of both
square thread and helical springs; and
• draw helical springs which are made from
square or round material.

2. Module 3: When you have completed this module, you should Exercise 3.1 Assignment 2
be able to: Exercise 3.2 D10056019-B
Gears and • draw, according to first-angle or third-angle
keys orthographic projection, the conventional
representation of the primary views of a
single spur gear as well as spur gears in
mesh;
• draw outside as well as sectional views of
spur gears; and
• draw the conventional representation of spur
gears:
– with the dedendum circle; and
– assuming that the gears are based on
metric standards where:
clearance = 0,25 × module; and
dedendum = 1,25 × module.

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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 3
Module 4: When you have completed this module, you should Exercise 4.1
be able to: Exercise 4.2
Cams • draw the following types of cam profiles and
their respective displacement diagrams:
– constant velocity;
– uniform acceleration and retardation; and
– simple harmonic motion;
• draw profiles where the lift and fall do not
have the same type of motion; and
• draw the cam profile with the centre line of
the follower directly on the centre of the cam,
that is with no offset.

3. Module 5: When you have completed this module, you should Exercise 5.1
be able to:
ISO limits and • understand the types of fits, and the
fits terminology related to limits and fits;
• use and understand the ISO system;
• select various fits, deviations and tolerances
from the tables for ISO fits; and
• carry out calculations of limits of sizes.

Module 6: When you have completed this module, you should Self-
be able to: assessment
Manufacturing • understand the basic principles of the
and machining various manufacturing and machining
processes processes;
• identify the various machining processes
used to manufacture a machine component;
• specify the production method, treatment or
coating for producing a surface texture; and
• understand the purpose of applying the
various machining symbols that will be given
in Module 8.

4. Module 7: When you have completed this module, you should Exercise 7.1
be able to:
Instruction • understand the purpose of instruction notes
notes on drawings;
• make freehand drawings of the various
machining instructions; and
• print (or stencil) instruction notes which
apply to the various operations on your
drawings.

Module 8: When you have completed this module, you should


be able to:
Machining and • understand the purpose of various
surface texture machining symbols;
symbols • specify the production method, treatment or
coating for producing a specific surface
texture; and
• apply the various machining symbols and
processes to detail workshop drawings.

5. Module 9: When you have completed this module, you should Exercise 9.1
be able to: Exercise 9.2
Orthographic • understand the designation of views;
projection • understand the two orthographic projection
systems, first-angle and third-angle
projections;
• draw, freehand, primary views in first-angle
and third-angle orthographic projection,
according to the Code of Practice for
Engineering Drawing
(SABS 0111);
• recognise the projection system of a drawing
by means of symbols; and
• apply the suggested projection methods.

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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 4
Self-
Module 10: When you have completed this module, you should assessment
be able to:
Sections • understand the function of sectional views;
• apply the guidelines laid down for hatching;
• understand the terminology used for
sectional drawings; and
• understand and apply sectional applications.

6. Module 11: When you have completed this module, you should Exercise 11.1
be able to: Exercise 11.2
Sectional • draw the primary views of machine
drawings of components according to scale, in either
single first-angle or third-angle orthographic
components of projection;
machine parts • draw full sectional, half-sectional and outside
views of objects;
• draw partial, revolved and removed sections
of objects;
• draw sectional views using cutting planes
which change direction;
• indicate cutting plane lines on your drawings;
• draw machine parts with interpenetration
curves and fillet radii. (You will only have to
determine the starting-point and end-point
for interpenetration curves larger than 5 mm
on drawings in this module. You will then
use a flexi-curve to join these points.);
• indicate the following on your drawing:
− the conventional representation of drilled
and tapped holes for bolts, nuts and studs;
– instruction notes;
− machining and surface texture symbols;
and
− different surface texture processes; and
• apply information from the ISO tables of
limits and fits.

Module 12: When you have completed this module, you should Exercise 12.1
be able to:
Nuts, bolts • draw a hexagonal nut and a hexagon-head
and studs bolt using constructional principles; and
• draw hexagon-head bolts, screws, studs and
stud assemblies according to conventional
representation.

7. Module 13: When you have completed this module, you should Exercise 13.1 Assignment 3
be able to: D10056019-C
Sectional • understand how different components are
drawings of hatched; and
assemblies • draw sectional views of various sectional
assemblies.

Module 14: When you have completed this module, you should Exercise 14.1
be able to:
Engineering • understand the factors that influence the
materials choice of materials;
• know and understand the mechanical
characteristics of different materials; and
• choose the correct material for a specific
component (part).

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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 5
8. Module 15: When you have completed this module, you should Exercise 15.1 Assignment 4
be able to: Exercise 15.2 D10056019-D
Assembly • correctly assemble the components given in
drawings detail drawings;
• draw the primary views of the assembly
according to scale, in either first-angle or
third-angle orthographic projection; and
• use the following correctly on your assembly
drawings:
– item numbers and parts lists;
– sectional or outside views;
– conventional representation of bolts, nuts,
studs, and drilled and tapped holes; and
– conventional representation of square
threads, spur gears and helical
compression springs.

Module 16: When you have completed this module, you should Exercise 16.1
be able to: Exercise 16.2
Detail • dismantle the parts of a given assembly
drawings drawing;
• then draw the primary views, according to
scale and in first-angle or third-angle
orthographic projection, of each separate
item; and
• use your knowledge of the following in your
drawing:
– dimensioning;
– sectional as well as outside views;
– machining and surface texture symbols,
ISO limits and fits, and instruction notes;
and
– conventional representation of drilled and
tapped holes, as well as specially
manufactured bolts and nuts.

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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 6
STUDY SESSION 1

Pre-knowledge

Study the Preface in your textbook and then read the pre-knowledge sections at the
beginnings of Modules 1 and 2. Ensure that you have the required knowledge before
attempting these modules.

Study

Read the learning objectives at the beginnings of Modules 1 and 2 carefully. Now study
these modules thoroughly in your textbook.

Work through the given examples in detail and then do the exercises. If you need your
tutor to help you with any of the exercises, write down the questions and your
attempted answers and send them to the College.

 Module 1: Fundamentals of Mechanical Draughting

1.1 Mechanical Draughting as a language


1.2 The purpose of a drawing
1.3 The role of the drawing office
1.4 The drawing board
1.5 Drawing paper
1.6 Drawing instruments
1.7 Setting up the drawing sheet
1.8 Drawing of lines
1.9 Printing of letters and figures
1.10 Dimensioning
1.11 Line work for freehand drawing

 Module 2: Screw thread, square thread and helical springs

2.1 Introduction
2.2 The helix
2.3 Screw thread
2.4 Square thread
2.5 Helical springs

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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 7
Assessment

When you have done all the exercises, answer the self-assessment questions where
applicable and check your answers against the text.

When you have completed each module, return to the beginning of that module and
make sure that you have achieved all the objectives listed there.

Congratulations! You have completed Study Session 1.

Once you are sure that you have mastered all the material covered in Study Session 1,
you should do Assignment 1 and send it to the College for assessment. Then carry on
with Study Session 2.

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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 8
ASSIGNMENT 1
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Subject: Mechanical Draughting N4 Assignment Code: D10056019-A Edition: 1
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Recommended time: 2 hours
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INSTRUCTIONS
1. Please fill in a blank Assignment Cover sheet, which you should have received with your
study material. If you have only one Assignment Cover sheet left and more assignments
to submit, please photocopy the Assignment Cover sheet. Alternatively, you can download
the Assignment Cover sheet from the Damelin Correspondence website: www.dcc.edu.za.
Click on General Info, then under Study Skills, click on Assignments.

2. Please transfer the following information onto the cover of your Assignment Cover sheet:

• your student number;


• your name and surname;
• postal address;
• postal code;
• telephone number;
• subject name;
• assignment/test code (which you will find at the top of this page); and
• the total number of pages of your assignment (excluding the cover sheet).

3. You should send this assignment to the College for marking only if it is shown in your
Study Programme under 'Assignments for Submission'.

4. Answer the questions in your own words. Marks will be deducted if you copy directly from
your study material.

5. You can post or e-mail your assignment answers to us.


Post:
• You can post your assignment answers to Damelin Correspondence College,
PO Box 590, Cape Town, South Africa, 8000. If you post your assignment answers,
ensure that you have paid sufficient postage – otherwise your answers will be
returned unmarked.
• Draw a margin on the right-hand side of each page for your tutor to award marks
and write comments. Also, please leave two lines open after each question for
further comments.

• You can answer the questions in any order, but make sure that you staple them
together in the correct order. Handing in neat work will be to your advantage.
E-mail:
• Alternatively, you can e-mail your answers to assignments@damelin.edu.za. Please
include the assignment/test code, your name and your student number in the subject
heading of your e-mail. You can download the Assignment Cover form as a Word
document from the Damelin Correspondence website: www.dcc.edu.za. Click on
General Info, then under Study Skills, click on Assignments. Remember to attach the
Word document and your assignment file to your e-mail.

_______________________________________________________________________
Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 9
Additional instructions

• Please indicate on your assignments which edition of the study guide you are using.
Certain information and page references differ from edition to edition.

_______________________________________________________________________
Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 10
Question 1 (60 minutes)

1.1 The lead screw of a machine is 250 mm long. The lead screw has a nominal
diameter of 60 mm and a right-handed external square thread with a pitch of 20
mm. The thread starts at the one end and stops 200 mm further on. Therefore,
the last 50 mm has no thread.

Draw a conventional representation of the lead screw. Use a scale of 1:2 (half full
size).

1.2 Figure 1 shows a blank on which an external square thread has to be cut. The
part marked 'A' must be provided with a right-handed square thread which has a
pitch of 16 mm. The part marked 'B' must be provided with a left-handed square
thread so that the full depth of the thread length is 110 mm with a pitch of 10
mm.

Draw a conventional representation of the screw with the thread cut into it. Use a
scale of 1:2.

Figure 1

HINT: In Module 2, Figure 2.9 shows a conventional representation of an


external thread. Use conventional representation in both of the above drawings.

Use the next page if you need extra space. Submit the questions together with
your drawings to the College for assessment.

Question 2 (60 minutes)

2.1 A cylindrical helical compression spring is manufactured according to the


following specifications:

Outside diameter = 75 mm
Lead = 20 mm
Wire size = 10 mm diameter
Free length = 100 mm
The coils are right-handed.

Draw a conventional representation of this spring. Use a scale of 1:1.


Construction lines or dashed lines are not required.

2.2 A cylindrical helical compression spring is manufactured according to the


following specifications:

Outside diameter = 60 mm
Lead = 15 mm
Wire size = 8 mm diameter

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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 11
Free length = 90 mm
The coils are left-handed.

Draw a conventional representation of this spring. Construction lines or dashed


lines are not required. Use a scale of 1:1.

2.3 A cylindrical helical compression spring is manufactured according to the


following specifications:

Outside diameter = 78 mm
Lead = 25 mm
Wire size = 12 mm diameter
Free length = 110 mm
The coils are right-handed.

Draw a complete front view of this helical spring. Construction lines or dashed
lines are not required. Use a scale of 1:1.

HINT: In Module 2, Figure 2.15 shows four possible methods for drawing a
compression spring. Figure 2.15 (b) shows the conventional representation.
Questions 2.1 and 2.2. must be drawn according to conventional representation.
Question 2.3 must be completely drawn, as shown in Figure 2.15 (a).

Use the next page if you need extra space. Submit the questions together with your
drawings to the College for assessment.

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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 12
STUDY SESSION 2

Pre-knowledge

Read the pre-knowledge sections at the beginnings of Modules 3 and 4. Ensure that
you have the required knowledge before attempting these modules.

Study

Read the learning objectives at the beginnings of Modules 3 and 4 carefully. Now study
these modules thoroughly in your textbook.

Work through the given examples in detail and then do the exercises. If you need your
tutor to help you with any of the exercises, write down the questions and your
attempted answers and send them to the College.

 Module 3: Gears and keys

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Spur gears
3.3 Bevel gears
3.4 Worm gears

 Module 4: Cams

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Cams, followers and motion
4.3 Displacement diagrams
4.4 Cam profiles

Assessment

When you have done all the exercises, answer the self-assessment questions where
applicable and check your answers against the text.

When you have completed each module, return to the beginning of that module and
make sure that you have achieved all the objectives listed there.

Congratulations! You have completed Study Session 2.

Once you are sure that you have mastered all the material covered in Study Session 2,
you should do Assignment 2 and send it to the College for assessment. Then carry on
with Study Session 3.

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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 13
ASSIGNMENT 2
_____________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Mechanical Draughting N4 Assignment Code: D10056019-B Edition: 1
_____________________________________________________________________________
Recommended time: 2 hours
_____________________________________________________________________________

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Please fill in a blank Assignment Cover sheet, which you should have received with your
study material. If you have only one Assignment Cover sheet left and more assignments
to submit, please photocopy the Assignment Cover sheet. Alternatively, you can download
the Assignment Cover sheet from the Damelin Correspondence website: www.dcc.edu.za.
Click on General Info, then under Study Skills, click on Assignments.

2. Please transfer the following information onto the cover of your Assignment Cover sheet:

• your student number;


• your name and surname;
• postal address;
• postal code;
• telephone number;
• subject name;
• assignment/test code (which you will find at the top of this page); and
• the total number of pages of your assignment (excluding the cover sheet).

3. You should send this assignment to the College for marking only if it is shown in your
Study Programme under 'Assignments for Submission'.

4. Answer the questions in your own words. Marks will be deducted if you copy directly from
your study material.

5. You can post or e-mail your assignment answers to us.


Post:
• You can post your assignment answers to Damelin Correspondence College,
PO Box 590, Cape Town, South Africa, 8000. If you post your assignment answers,
ensure that you have paid sufficient postage – otherwise your answers will be
returned unmarked.
• Draw a margin on the right-hand side of each page for your tutor to award marks
and write comments. Also, please leave two lines open after each question for
further comments.

• You can answer the questions in any order, but make sure that you staple them
together in the correct order. Handing in neat work will be to your advantage.
E-mail:
• Alternatively, you can e-mail your answers to assignments@damelin.edu.za. Please
include the assignment/test code, your name and your student number in the subject
heading of your e-mail. You can download the Assignment Cover form as a Word
document from the Damelin Correspondence website: www.dcc.edu.za. Click on
General Info, then under Study Skills, click on Assignments. Remember to attach the
Word document and your assignment file to your e-mail.

_______________________________________________________________________
Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 14
Additional instructions

• Please indicate on your assignments which edition of the study guide you are using.
Certain information and page references differ from edition to edition.

_______________________________________________________________________
Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 15
Question 1 (60 minutes)

1.1 Draw, in first-angle orthographic projection, the conventional representation of a


full-sectional front view and an outside left view of a single spur gear. Use a scale
of 1:1. The following details are known:

Pitch-circle diameter = 100 mm


Addendum = module
Dedendum = 1,25 × module
Number of teeth = 10
Hole diameter = 28 mm
Gear width = 35 mm

1.2 Draw, in first-angle orthographic projection, the conventional representation of a


full-sectional front view and an outside left view of a spur-gear system. Use a
scale of 1:1. A pinion meshes with a gear and the following details are known:
Pinion Gear
Pitch-circle diameter = 99,31 mm 129,87 mm
Addendum = module module
Dedendum 1,25 × module 1,25 × module
Number of teeth = 13 17
Hole diameter = 32 mm 40 mm
Gear widths = 38 mm 38 mm
Centre distance of shafts = 114,59 mm

HINT: In Module 3, Figure 3.12 (a) to (c) shows conventional representation of a single
spur gear. Figure 3.12 (b) shows a half sectional front view of the single spur gear in
conventional representation. Figure 3.12 (c) shows an outside left view. Figure 3.13 (a)
to (c) shows conventional representation of a simple spur-gear system. Refer to these
diagrams to help you to answer the above questions.

Use the next page if you need extra space. Submit the questions together with your
drawings to the College for assessment.

Question 2 (60 minutes)

2.1 Draw a full profile of a disc-cam with a knife-edge follower. Use a scale of 1:1.The
follower need not be drawn. Use the following cam data:

Shaft diameter = 30 mm
Stoke height = 48 mm
Minimum diameter = 46 mm
Performance up (lift) = from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
Type of motion = simple harmonic motion
Performance down (fall) = from 180 degrees to 360 degrees
Type of motion = constant velocity
Rotation = clockwise

The working centre line of the follower must go through the centre of the cam
shaft. In the lowest position, the bottom of the follower will be 24 mm from the
centre of the cam shaft.

Show the displacement diagram. The displacement diagram must be drawn on


the left-hand side of the cam profile. Show all the construction lines.

HINT: In Module 4, Figure 4.8 (a) to (d) shows the setting out of the cam profile. Follow
the steps in Figure 4.8 carefully when you answer the above questions.

Use the next page if you need extra space. Submit the questions together with your
drawings to the College for assessment.

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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 16
STUDY SESSION 3

Pre-knowledge

Read the pre-knowledge sections at the beginnings of Modules 5 and 6. Ensure that
you have the required knowledge before attempting these modules.

Study

Read the learning objectives at the beginnings of Modules 5 and 6 carefully.


Now study these modules thoroughly in your textbook.

Work through the given examples in detail and then do the exercises. If you need your
tutor to help you with any of the exercises, write down the questions and your
attempted answers and send them to the College.

 Module 5: ISO limits and fits

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Terminology
5.3 Types of fit
5.4 Fit systems
5.5 The ISO system
5.6 Selected ISO fits
5.7 Selected tables for selected ISO fits
5.8 Calculating limits of sizes

 Module 6: Manufacturing and machining processes

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Manufacturing processes
6.3 Machining processes

Assessment

When you have done all the exercises, answer the self-assessment questions where
applicable and check your answers against the text.

When you have completed each module, return to the beginning of that module and
make sure that you have achieved all the objectives listed there.

Congratulations! You have completed Study Session 3.

Once you are sure that you have mastered all the material covered in Study Session 3,
carry on with Study Session 4.

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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 17
STUDY SESSION 4

Pre-knowledge

Read the pre-knowledge sections at the beginnings of Modules 7 and 8. Ensure that
you have the required knowledge before attempting these modules.

Study

Read the learning objectives at the beginnings of Modules 7 and 8 carefully. Now study
these modules thoroughly in your textbook.

Work through the given examples in detail and then do the exercises. If you need your
tutor to help you with any of the exercises, write down the questions and your
attempted answers and send them to the College.

 Module 7: Instruction notes

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Acceptable abbreviations
7.3 Examples of instruction notes

 Module 8: Machining and surface texture symbols

8.1 Introduction
8.2 Machining symbols
8.3 Surface texture symbols
8.4 Symbols to specify production methods, treatments and coatings
8.5 Specifying sampling lengths
8.6 Symbols to indicate directions of lay
8.7 Indicating machining allowances
8.8 Repetition of symbols
8.9 Summary: Positions of surface texture symbols
8.10 Indication of symbols

Assessment

When you have done all the exercises, answer the self-assessment questions where
applicable and check your answers against the text.

When you have completed each module, return to the beginning of that module and
make sure that you have achieved all the objectives listed there.

Congratulations! You have completed Study Session 4.

Once you are sure that you have mastered all the material covered in Study Session 4,
carry on with Study Session 5.

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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 18
STUDY SESSION 5

Pre-knowledge

Read the pre-knowledge sections at the beginnings of Modules 9 and 10. Ensure that
you have the required knowledge before attempting these modules.

Study

Read the learning objectives at the beginnings of Modules 9 and 10 carefully.


Now study these modules thoroughly in your textbook.

Work through the given examples in detail and then do the exercises. If you need your
tutor to help you with any of the exercises, write down the questions and your
attempted answers and send them to the College.

 Module 9: Orthographic projection

9.1 Introduction
9.2 Designation of views
9.3 First-angle orthographic projection
9.4 Third-angle orthographic projection

 Module 10: Sections

10.1 Introduction
10.2 Simple sections
10.3 Sectional planes
10.4 Hatching
10.5 Exceptions to hatching
10.6 Terminology
10.7 Special sectional applications

Assessment

When you have done all the exercises, answer the self-assessment questions where
applicable and check your answers against the text.

When you have completed each module, return to the beginning of that module and
make sure that you have achieved all the objectives listed there.

Congratulations! You have completed Study Session 5.

Once you are sure that you have mastered all the material covered in Study Session 5,
carry on with Study Session 6.

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Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 19
STUDY SESSION 6

Pre-knowledge

Read the pre-knowledge sections at the beginnings of Modules 11 and 12. Ensure that
you have the required knowledge before attempting these modules.

Study

Read the learning objectives at the beginnings of Modules 11 and 12 carefully.


Now study these modules thoroughly in your textbook.

Work through the given examples in detail and then do the exercises. If you need your
tutor to help you with any of the exercises, write down the questions and your
attempted answers and send them to the College.

 Module 11: Sectional drawings of single components of machine parts

11.1 Representing a drilled hole


11.2 Representing a tapped hole
11.3 Drawing a simple carrier
11.4 Information to be indicated

 Module 12: Nuts, bolts and studs

12.1 Drawing hexagonal nuts


12.2 Layout of the views
12.3 Hexagon-head bolts
12.4 Hexagon-head screws
12.5 Studs
12.6 Stud assemblies

Assessment

When you have done all the exercises, answer the self-assessment questions where
applicable and check your answers against the text.

When you have completed each module, return to the beginning of that module and
make sure that you have achieved all the objectives listed there.

Congratulations! You have completed Study Session 6.

Once you are sure that you have mastered all the material covered in Study Session 6,
carry on with Study Session 7.

_______________________________________________________________________
Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 20
STUDY SESSION 7

Pre-knowledge

Read the pre-knowledge sections at the beginnings of Modules 13 and 14. Ensure that
you have the required knowledge before attempting these modules.

Study

Read the learning objectives at the beginnings of Modules 13 and 14 carefully.


Now study these modules thoroughly in your textbook.

Work through the given examples in detail and then do the exercises. If you need your
tutor to help you with any of the exercises, write down the questions and your
attempted answers and send them to the College.

 Module 13: Sectional drawings of assemblies

13.1 Introduction
13.2 Hatching

 Module 14: Engineering materials

14.1 Introduction
14.2 Metals
14.3 Plastics

Assessment

When you have done all the exercises, answer the self-assessment questions where
applicable and check your answers against the text.

When you have completed each module, return to the beginning of that module and
make sure that you have achieved all the objectives listed there.

Congratulations! You have completed Study Sessions 7.

Once you are sure that you have mastered all the material covered in Study Sessions 3
to 7, you should do Assignment 3 and send it to the College for assessment. Then carry
on with Study Session 8.

_______________________________________________________________________
Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 21
ASSIGNMENT 3
_____________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Mechanical Draughting N4 Assignment Code: D10056019-C Edition: 1
_____________________________________________________________________________
Recommended time: 2 hours
_____________________________________________________________________________

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Please fill in a blank Assignment Cover sheet, which you should have received with your
study material. If you have only one Assignment Cover sheet left and more assignments
to submit, please photocopy the Assignment Cover sheet. Alternatively, you can download
the Assignment Cover sheet from the Damelin Correspondence website: www.dcc.edu.za.
Click on General Info, then under Study Skills, click on Assignments.

2. Please transfer the following information onto the cover of your Assignment Cover sheet:

• your student number;


• your name and surname;
• postal address;
• postal code;
• telephone number;
• subject name;
• assignment/test code (which you will find at the top of this page); and
• the total number of pages of your assignment (excluding the cover sheet).

3. You should send this assignment to the College for marking only if it is shown in your
Study Programme under 'Assignments for Submission'.

4. Answer the questions in your own words. Marks will be deducted if you copy directly from
your study material.

5. You can post or e-mail your assignment answers to us.


Post:
• You can post your assignment answers to Damelin Correspondence College,
PO Box 590, Cape Town, South Africa, 8000. If you post your assignment answers,
ensure that you have paid sufficient postage – otherwise your answers will be
returned unmarked.
• Draw a margin on the right-hand side of each page for your tutor to award marks
and write comments. Also, please leave two lines open after each question for
further comments.

• You can answer the questions in any order, but make sure that you staple them
together in the correct order. Handing in neat work will be to your advantage.
E-mail:
• Alternatively, you can e-mail your answers to assignments@damelin.edu.za. Please
include the assignment/test code, your name and your student number in the subject
heading of your e-mail. You can download the Assignment Cover form as a Word
document from the Damelin Correspondence website: www.dcc.edu.za. Click on
General Info, then under Study Skills, click on Assignments. Remember to attach the
Word document and your assignment file to your e-mail.

_______________________________________________________________________
Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 22
Additional instructions

• Please indicate on your assignments which edition of the study guide you are using.
Certain information and page references differ from edition to edition.

_______________________________________________________________________
Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 23
Question 1 (60 minutes)

1.1 Figure 1 shows two views of an anchor block. The anchor block is a cast steel
casting. Draw the following views of the anchor block in third-angle orthographic
projection. Use a scale of 1:1.

(a) a full-sectional front view;


(b) a full-sectional right view on cutting plane Y–Y; and
(c) a full-sectional top view on cutting plane X–X.

Do not show dashed lines.


No dimensions or inscriptions are required.

Use the next page if you need extra space. Submit the questions together with your
drawings to the College for assessment.

Figure 1

_______________________________________________________________________
Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 24
Question 2 (60 minutes)

2.1 Figure 2 shows two views of an indicator sleeve. Use a scale of 1:1 to draw the
following views of the indicator sleeve in third-angle orthographic projection:

(a) a full-sectional front view on cutting plane X–X; and


(b) a full-sectional top view on cutting plane Y–Y.

No dashed lines are required.


Only show the following dimension and symbol on your drawing.

i. At 'A': the production method (machining process) that you would apply for
the machining of the slot. The roughness value of the surface texture must
be 25 :m.

Use the next page if you need extra space. Submit the question together with your
drawings to the College for assessment.

Figure 2

_______________________________________________________________________
Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 25
STUDY SESSION 8

Pre-knowledge

Read the pre-knowledge sections at the beginnings of Modules 15 and 16. Ensure that
you have the required knowledge before attempting this module.

Study

Read the learning objectives at the beginnings of Modules 15 and 16 carefully.


Now study these modules thoroughly in your textbook.

Work through the given examples in detail and then do the exercises. If you need your
tutor to help you with any of the exercises, write down the questions and your
attempted answers and send them to the College.

 Module 15: Assembly drawings

15.1 Introduction
15.2 Drawing the assembly
15.3 Item numbers
15.4 Parts lists
15.5 Assembly drawings

 Module 16: Detail drawings

16.1 Introduction
16.2 Detail drawings
16.3 Partial views of symmetrical components

Assessment

When you have done all the exercises, answer the self-assessment questions where
applicable and check your answers against the text.

When you have completed each module, return to the beginning of that module and
make sure that you have achieved all the objectives listed there.

Congratulations! You have completed Study Session 8.

Once you are sure that you have mastered all the material covered in Study Session 8,
you should do Assignment 4 and send it to the College for assessment.

_______________________________________________________________________
Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 26
ASSIGNMENT 4
_____________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Mechanical Draughting N4 Assignment Code: D10056019-D Edition: 1
_____________________________________________________________________________
Recommended time: 2 hours
_____________________________________________________________________________

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Please fill in a blank Assignment Cover sheet, which you should have received with your
study material. If you have only one Assignment Cover sheet left and more assignments
to submit, please photocopy the Assignment Cover sheet. Alternatively, you can download
the Assignment Cover sheet from the Damelin Correspondence website: www.dcc.edu.za.
Click on General Info, then under Study Skills, click on Assignments.

2. Please transfer the following information onto the cover of your Assignment Cover sheet:

• your student number;


• your name and surname;
• postal address;
• postal code;
• telephone number;
• subject name;
• assignment/test code (which you will find at the top of this page); and
• the total number of pages of your assignment (excluding the cover sheet).

3. You should send this assignment to the College for marking only if it is shown in your
Study Programme under 'Assignments for Submission'.

4. Answer the questions in your own words. Marks will be deducted if you copy directly from
your study material.

5. You can post or e-mail your assignment answers to us.


Post:
• You can post your assignment answers to Damelin Correspondence College,
PO Box 590, Cape Town, South Africa, 8000. If you post your assignment answers,
ensure that you have paid sufficient postage – otherwise your answers will be
returned unmarked.
• Draw a margin on the right-hand side of each page for your tutor to award marks
and write comments. Also, please leave two lines open after each question for
further comments.

• You can answer the questions in any order, but make sure that you staple them
together in the correct order. Handing in neat work will be to your advantage.
E-mail:
• Alternatively, you can e-mail your answers to assignments@damelin.edu.za. Please
include the assignment/test code, your name and your student number in the subject
heading of your e-mail. You can download the Assignment Cover form as a Word
document from the Damelin Correspondence website: www.dcc.edu.za. Click on
General Info, then under Study Skills, click on Assignments. Remember to attach the
Word document and your assignment file to your e-mail.

_______________________________________________________________________
Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 27
Additional instructions

• Please indicate on your assignments which edition of the study guide you are using.
Certain information and page references differ from edition to edition.

_______________________________________________________________________
Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 28
Question 1 (60 minutes)

1.1 Figure 1 shows the components of a universal coupling. The complete list of
parts is as follows:

Item 1 ............. forked end .................. 2 off ..................... cast steel


Item 2 ............. cross piece ................. 1 off ..................... mild steel
Item 3 ............. drive shaft .................. 2 off ..................... mild steel
Item 4 ............. driving pin ................. 4 off ..................... mild steel
Item 5 ............. key ............................. 2 off ..................... mild steel

Draw a full-sectional front view as an assembly drawing. Use a scale of 1:1.

Use the next page if you need extra space. Submit the questions together with your
drawings to the College for evaluation.

Figure 1

_______________________________________________________________________
Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 29
Question 2 (60 minutes)

2.1 Figure 2 shows three views. The top view is on cutting plane X–X, of a belt
tensioner which consists of the following: base plate (item 1); arm (item 2); roller
(item 3); shaft (item 4); shaft (item 5); bush (item 6); adjusting bolt (item 7); and
hexagonal nut (item 8).

Use a scale of scale 1:1 to draw detail drawings of the following components in
third-angle orthographic projection:

(a) The base plate (item 1) showing the following view:

i. a full-sectional front view on cutting plane Y–Y.

(b) The arm (item 2) showing the following views:

i. a full-sectional front view on plane Y–Y


ii. a right view; and
iii. a top view.

Use the next page if you need extra space. Submit the questions together with your
drawings to the College for assessment.

_______________________________________________________________________
Mechanical Draughting N4 / © ICG / Page 30

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