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 Journal of Studies on Manufacturing (Vol.1-2010/Iss.1)
Jain et al. / Supply Chain Management: Literature Review and Some Issues / pp. 11-25

Supply Chain Management: Literature

Review and Some Issues
Jinesh Jain*, G. S. Dangayach*, G. Agarwal*, Soumya Banerjee**

*Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya National

Institute Technology, Jaipur(India)
Email: jineshjain1234@rediffmail.com, dangayach@ gmail.com, agarwal.drg@gmail.com
**Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Birla Institute of
Technology, Mesra (Ranchi)
Email: soumyabanerjee@bitmesra.ac.in

Submitted: 10/12/2009
Accepted: 31/01/2010
Appeared: 16/01/2010
HyperSciences.Publisher

Abstract: Supply chain Management has assumed a significant role in firm's performance and has
attracted serious research attention over the last few years. A literature review reveals a considerable
spurt in research in theory and practice of SCM. Combining and informing on features of Supply
Management and distribution Management. This integration has resulted in the concept of extended
enterprise and the supply chain is now manifest as the collaborative supply chain across intercompany
borders to maximize the value across the entire supply chain. A large number of research papers have
been published in various journals in last two decades. In this paper an attempt is made to review the
status of literature on Supply Chain Management. A literature classification scheme is proposed. A total
of 588 articles from 13 refereed academic journals are classified into articles in five methodologies i.e.
Exploratory, Normative, Methodology, Literature Review and Hypothesis testing. This literature review
finds that exploratory type of research is mostly preferred it is expected that with the maturity of SCM
the hypothesis testing method will pick up. The articles are further categorized in fifteen categories on
the basis of content analysis. Based on this review, some possible research issues are identified.
Keywords: SCM, Supply Chain strategy, Literature Review.
1. INTRODUCTION those with average performance.

In the current competitive scenario supply chain management
assumes a significant importance and calls for serious
research attention, as companies are challenged with finding
ways to meet ever-rising customer expectations at a
manageable cost. To do so, businesses must search out
which parts of their supply-chain process are not competitive,
understand which customer needs are not being met,
establish improvement goals, and rapidly implement
necessary improvements.
Previously manufacturers were the drivers of the supply
chain - managing the pace at which products were
manufactured and distributed. Today, customers are calling
the shots, and manufacturers are scrambling to meet
customer demands for options/styles/ features, quick order
fulfillment, and fast delivery. Manufacturing quality - a
long-time competitive differentiator - is approaching parity
across the board, so meeting customer’s specific demands for
product delivery has emerged as the next critical opportunity
for competitive advantage. Companies that learn how to
improve management of their supply chain will become the
new success stories in the global market place. Study on
Benchmarking shows significant cost differences between
organizations that exhibit best-in-class performance and
Traditionally, Supply Chain Management (SCM) has been a
melting pot of various aspects, with influences from logistics
and transportation, operations management and materials and
distribution management, marketing, as well as purchasing
and information technology (IT). Ideally, the all-
encompassing philosophy of SCM embraces each of these
functions to produce an overall supply chain strategy that
ultimately enhances firm performance (Croom et al. 2000;
Wisner and Tan 2000). In actuality, the literature is still very
fragmented and although several studies purport to discuss
supply chain issues, most of the existing research only
examines one link of the chain, or most importantly only
focuses on one ingredient in the supply chain performance
mix. Six major movements can be observed in the evolution
of supply chain management studies. Creation, Integration,
Globalization, Specialization Phases One and Two, and SCM
2.0 These phases are given in Table 1.
The six stage evolutionary era depicts that in a particular era
which strategy was emphasized. For instance in the sixth era
information Technology was given priority and IT enabled
supply chain was the burning issue.

Copyright © 2010 HyperSciences_Publisher. All rights reserved 11 www.hypersciences.org

 Journal of Studies on Manufacturing (Vol.1-2010/Iss.1)
Jain et al. / Supply Chain Management: Literature Review and Some Issues / pp. 11-25

Table 1. Era in the Evolution of Supply Chain Management

S. Era Description
No.
1 Creation Era The term supply chain management was first coined by an American
industry consultant in the early 1980s. However the concept of supply
chain in management, was of great importance long before in the early 20th
century, especially by the creation of the assembly line.
2 Integration Era This era of supply chain management studies was highlighted with the
development of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) systems in the 1960s
and developed through the 1990s by the introduction of Enterprise
Resource Planning (ERP) systems.
3 Globalization Era This era is characterized by the globalization of supply chain management
in organizations with the goal of increasing competitive advantage,
creating more value-added, and reducing costs through global sourcing
4 Specialization Era In the 1990s industries began to focus on “core competencies” and adopted
Phase - One a specialization model. Companies abandoned vertical integration, sold off
Outsourced non-core operations, and outsourced those functions to other companies.
Manufacturing and
Distribution
5 Specialization Era Specialization within the supply chain began in the 1980s with the
Phase Two - Supply inception of transportation brokerages, warehouse management, and non
Chain Management as asset based carriers and has matured beyond transportation and logistics
a Service into aspects of supply planning, collaboration, execution and performance
management.

6 Supply Chain Web 2. 0 is defined as a trend in the use of the World Wide Web that is
Management 2. 0 meant to increase creativity, information sharing, and collaboration among
(SCM 2. 0) users.

SCM research has included a number of literature reviews
and historical studies published in the top scholarly journals
in the fields of logistics, logistic management, purchasing and
SCM (Croom et al. 2000; Carter and Ellram 2003;
Rungtusanatham et al. 2003). SCM literature reviews have
also been done in the past. However, for the most part these
reviews have been descriptive (offering basic frequencies for
topics covered etc.) or normative. Given the increasing focus
on SCM in both academic and practitioner literature streams,
a review of the concepts, topics, analysis methods and levels
of analysis across thirteen academic journals was undertaken.
This research investigates the history of the SCM literature
looking at the various trends and developments in the field
through a historical analysis covering the 18-year-period
between 1990 and mid 2008. During this period, SCM
evolved into a more prominent area of research (Mentzer et.
al. 2001). the objective of this study is to provide an
extensive literature review on supply chain management.
More specifically, the purpose of this study is to:
• Define what constitutes supply chain management
research.
• Classify SCM research articles according to their
approach and methodologies.
• Explore the trend in the SCM research and suggest a
research agenda for future work.
The organization of this paper is as follows: the next section
presents various connotations given by various researchers;
then a literature classification scheme is explained and a
research agenda is suggested after identifying the gaps
between theory and practice of SCM.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Supply Chain Management definitions
SCM has been interpreted by various researchers. Based on
the relatively recent development of the supply chain
literature, it is not surprising that there has been much debate
as to a specific SCM definition. Ganeshan and Harrison
(1995) has defined SCM as a network of facilities and
distribution options that performs the functions of
procurement of materials, transformation of these materials
into intermediate and finished products, and the distribution
of these finished products to customers. Lee & Corey (1995)
stated that SCM consists of the integration activities taking
place among a network of facilities that procure raw material,
transform them into intermediate goods and then final
products, & deliver products to customers through a
distribution system. Christopher (1998) defined the supply
chain as the network of organizations that are involved,
through upstream and downstream linkages, in the different
processes and activities that produce value in the form of
products and services in the hands of the ultimate customer.
SCM is the " strategic and systematic coordination of the

12
 Journal of Studies on Manufacturing (Vol.1-2010/Iss.1)
Jain et al. / Supply Chain Management: Literature Review and Some Issues / pp. 11-25

traditional business functions and the tactics across these 2001). various connotations of supply chain management
business functions within a particular firm and across given by other researchers are given in Table 2.
businesses within a supply chain, for the purposes of
improving the long-term performance of the individual
companies and the supply chain as a whole" (Mentzer et al.

Table 2. Various Connotations of Supply Chain Management Reported In the Literature

S. Researchers Year Definition
No.
1. Chopra and 2001 “A supply chain consists of all stages involved, directly or indirectly, in
Meindl fulfilling a customer request”.
2. Mentzer et al. 2001 “The systemic, strategic coordination of the traditional business functions
and the tactics across these business functions within a particular company
and across businesses within the supply chain, for the purposes of
improving the long-term performance of the individual companies and the
supply chain as a whole.”
3. Handfield & 1999 “A supply chain encompasses all activities associated with the flow and
Nichols transformation of goods from the raw material stage, through to the end
user, as well as the associated information flows”.
4. Christopher 1998 “The supply chain is the network of organizations that are involved,
through upstream and downstream linkages, in the different processes and
activities that produce value in the form of products and services in the
hands of the ultimate customer”.

5. Lee & Corey 1995 “The integration activities taking place among a network of facilities that
procure Raw material, transform them into intermediate goods and then
final products, & deliver Products to customers through a distribution
system”
6. Ganeshan and 1995 “A supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution options that
Harrison performs the functions of procurement of materials, transformation of these
materials intermediate and finished products, and the distribution of these
finished products customers.”
7. Cooper & 1993 “SCM is an integrative philosophy to manage the total flow of distribution
Ellram channel from the supplier to ultimate user”
8. Cavinato 1992 "The supply chain concept consists of actively managed channels of
procurement and distribution. It is the group of firms that add value along
product flow from original raw materials to final customer”.
9. Towil, Naim, 1992 "The supply chain is a system, the constituent parts of which include
and Wikner material suppliers, production facilities, distribution services, customers
linked together via the feed forward flow of materials and the feedback
flow information”
10. Scott & 1991 “supply chain is used to refer to the chain linking each element of the
Westbrook process from, raw materials through to the end customer”
11. Novak & Simco 1991 "The supply chain management covers the flow of goods from supplier
through manufacturer and distributor to the end-user”

product manufactured. These networks obtain supplies and

Now from author’s point of view the definition of supply
chain and supply chain management can be depicted as
“supply chain is the stream of processes of moving goods
from the customer order through the raw materials stage,
supply, production, and distribution of products to the
customer. All firms have supply chains of varying degrees,
depending upon the size of the organization and the type of
components, change these materials into finished products
and then distribute them to the customer. Managing the chain
of events in this process is what is known as supply chain
management. Effective management must take into account
coordinating all the different pieces of this chain as quickly
as possible without losing any of the quality or customer
satisfaction, while still keeping costs down”.

13
 Journal of Studies on Manufacturing (Vol.1-2010/Iss.1)
Jain et al. / Supply Chain Management: Literature Review and Some Issues / pp. 11-25
The supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and
suppliers, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and
customers themselves. It is clear that supply chain
management has a significant role to play and needs critical
attention in the corporate setting.
2.2 The Literature, Theory and Practice of SCM
Numerous articles dealing with the theory and practice of
SCM have been published over the reviewed period of last 18
years, but the topic is still under considerable development
and debate. Richard Lamming (1996) has given a general
review on lean supply chain in which Lean supply has been
characterized as “beyond partnership”. Lean supply is the
system of purchasing and supply chain management required
to underpin lean production. . Ben-Daya et al. (2008)
explored the topic in a particular context, i.e. The industrial
district (ID), that constitutes a specific production model
where complex SC networks can be identified. SC
cooperation may take on several forms in IDs and may
produce several benefits (e. g. Upgrading quality and
reducing costs).
Vaart and Pieter (2003) drawn conclusions on the need for an
inter-disciplinary approach, combining the technical and
relational aspects from the respective fields of system
dynamics and collaboration in order to deliver superior order
replenishment performance. Gunasekaran and Ngai (2005)
indicated that E-Business, product, and service-quality, all
have a significant direct effect on customer behavioral
intentions to purchase again. Balakrishnan and Cheng (2005)
reviewed and update the methodology based on spreadsheet
that provided enhanced solutions in complex environments
with multiple products and bottleneck situations. Nagarajan
and Sosic (2004) reviewed literature dealing with buyer
vendor coordination models that have used quantity discount
as coordination mechanism under deterministic environment
and classified the various models.
Based on this conceptualization of SCM, the existing
literature was examined, in an effort to identify the extent to
which these underlying elements were present in SCM
academic research to date. A review of previous literature
studies, as highlighted in Table 3 (Appendix A), provides the
basis for how this review extends our understanding of SCM
research.
Burgess et.al. (2006) reviewed 100 randomly selected
articles from 614 usable articles found in the ABI/Inform
Database across a 19 year (1985 to 2003) period.. Their
sample addressed manufacturing and consumer goods
industries, and the research articles reviewed by them focused
on a more narrowly defined operations management approach
to Supply Chain Management. They classified the articles
into four groups, namely (1) Descriptive features of SCM, (2)
Definition issues, (3) Theoretical concerns and (4) Research
methodological issues. They found SCM to be a relatively
young field with exponential growth in interest from
researchers in the recent past. The importance of this
research in contrast to Burgess et al. (2006) is that instead of
sampling 100 articles from a pool of 614 over a 5-year
14
period, we examined 588 articles over 18 years. This not
only makes for a more in-depth review, but provides a larger
base from which to chart the maturation of the SCM field. It
also helps to assess gaps in the literature and project future
trends, thereby underscoring the importance and robustness
of this study. Finally, Burgess et al., include books,
manuscripts and conference proceedings while this research
focuses solely on published articles in peer reviewed SCM
journals.
Carter and Ellram (2003) surveyed the articles published in
the Journal of Supply Chain Management for the total period
of 35 years since its launching i.e. for 1965 to 1999. Their
objective was to offer a greater understanding of the
evolution of purchasing and supply research over the first 35
years of the Journal of Supply Chain’s existence, and to
provide guidance and prescriptions for future supply
management research. They observed that nearly 90% of the
journal articles under study consisted of normative literature,
methodology reviews, and exploratory studies. They further
noted that the use of hypothesis testing had increased
significantly over the past 10 years of their review (1989-
1999), yet they consider that a greater use of hypothesis
testing and the scientific method is recommended as the
Supply Management discipline continued to mature. Carter
& Ellram (2003) further recommended more literature
reviews leading to the introduction of theoretical frameworks
of supply management, and the use of more sophisticated
research modeling techniques such as MANOVA/
discriminant analysis and inferential statistical techniques.
They classified the articles based on a modification of the
categories used by ISM, and proposed 32 categories for clear
and unambiguous classification, which has proved to be a
milestone and has been used in subsequent literature reviews
by several researchers. The authors conclude that purchasing
and supply management, as a scientific discipline, is
maturing. It is interesting to note that the authors have
consistently used the terms ‘purchasing’ and ‘supply’
management, which speaks a lot about the stage of
development of the discipline of ‘Supply Chain Management’
till 1999.
Croom et al. (2000) analyze 84 studies on SCM in terms of
level of analysis and research methodologies, but the time
period for their data collection is ambiguous. Their study
represents an early attempt to categorize the SCM literature.
Significant growth has taken place both in the practice and
theory of Supply chain Management since this attempt,
making it necessary for reviews of current knowledge and
literature. Finally they describe and categorize the research
methods into two dimensions: theoretical and empirical and
do not provide the number of articles associated with each
level of analysis.
Rungtusanatham et.al. (2003) carried out a comprehensive
review of 285 SCM articles published in 6 operations
management journals during a period of 21 years from 1980-
2000. They noticed the occurrence of major changes in the
last 5 years of their sampling period, and that two topics
stood out as showing fastest ascendancy to prominence-
operations strategy and supply chain management. They
 Journal of Studies on Manufacturing (Vol.1-2010/Iss.1)
Jain et al. / Supply Chain Management: Literature Review and Some Issues / pp. 11-25

observed that the SCM related articles increased significantly
after the first half of 1990s, thereby implying the increased
interest of researchers in this field and accelerated growth of
this discipline. It shows that SCM is a booming and growing
field, and offers plenty opportunities in research.
Giunipero et.al. (2008) in a recent literature review of a
decade of SCM literature note that the literature, in reality,
is still very fragmented and although several studies purport
to discuss supply chain issues, most of the existing research
only examines one link of the chain, or more importantly
only focuses on one ingredient in the supply chain
performance mix. They pointed out that the SCM literature
reviewed by them revealed several gaps identified by them as
(1) Small sample sizes (2) One-tier investigations (3) Limited
methodological analysis (4)Lack of longitudinal studies, and
(5) Limited global supply chain analysis.
In view of this discussion, the authors conclude that a broader
view of SCM is needed in order to develop a wider consensus
and resolve the present conceptual and research
methodological confusion. In contrast to single journal
review, or limited random review, this research surveys
thirteen academic journals and reviews 588 research-based
articles published during an 18-year period from 1991 to mid
2008, thereby covering the entire significant period of SCM
emergence to its evolution as a strong discipline. The authors
these articles in terms of research method, and data analysis
techniques to discover the extent of research trend.
In summary, this research extends the previous literature
reviews by:
• Specifically focusing on multi facet SCM work in
scholarly journals,
• Reviewing the current 18 years period during which
SCM grew as a discipline and academic research in
this field gained importance and increased
significantly.
• Providing an investigation of the research methods
and data analysis, using an established subject
categorization scheme and reviewing publication
and providing insight in to the research methods and
data analysis method used in current literature.
This section presents the methodology used in this research.
Initial stage of the process involved data collection. In order
to develop an extensive database of academic articles within
the SCM field, several citation and identification methods
were used. (1) A basic search was carried out using search
criteria based on the presence of the phrases "supply chain
management" and/or "supply chain" in the abstract and/or
title, in order to capture articles concentrating on the broader
supply chain concept, and (2) Publication in one of the
thirteen listed academic journals. The journal selection was
developed after investigating those that had been examined in
previously published articles which was supplemented by an
intelligent internet scanning of the journals to determine
those where articles on SCM appeared during the review
period. For example, the Journal Supply Chain Management
was studied by Carter and Ellram (2003), while
Rungtusanatham et al. (2003) examined six Operation
Management Journal. Other academic journals, such as the
Journal of Business Logistics, Industrial Marketing
Management, the International Journal of Logistics
Management and International Journal of Physical
Distribution and Logistic Management were selected based
on the volume of SCM-oriented articles published in each
outlet, as well as their rankings by Baumgartner and Pieter’s
(2003) and Kumar and Kwon (2004).
The initial search yielded a total of 965 articles related to
SCM. Articles addressing only a single dimension of SCM
like marketing, logistics, or operations focus were eliminated
from the list, as the objective of this literature review is to
concentrate on multi-dimensional issues specifically. This
process eliminated articles that, for example, may have
contained the phrase "supply chain management", as well as
"logistics", "marketing,” or "operations" but had purely a
one-dimensional marketing, operations, or logistics focus. A
final count of 588 empirical and non-empirical articles
involving multi-dimensional treatment of the broader SCM
concept was thus obtained for further study.
The selected articles were analyzed and classified for:
(a) Type of Research Methods
(b) Content analysis
3.1 Type of Research performed

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Table 4. Explanation of Categories of Research Methods
Sl. Category
No.
1 Normative Literature
2 Literature Reviews
3 Exploratory Studies
4 Methodology Reviews
5 Hypothesis Testing
Explanation
“Research that examines what ought to be and what individuals and organizations
ought to do” (Mentzer and Kahn 1995).
A review and synthesis of existing literature , the result of which is the development
of a framework, propos ions, or normative prescriptions grounded in the existing
literature
Research that makes observations of supply management for the purpose of
developing theories, but leaves the testing of the theories for other studies “
A review of research methodologies used in the field of supply management. A
‘how to” article includes articles that review /introduce an academic research
methodology as well as a practitioners’ methodology.
Articles that introduce and then test research hypothesis or propositions.

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 Journal of Studies on Manufacturing (Vol.1-2010/Iss.1)
Jain et al. / Supply Chain Management: Literature Review and Some Issues / pp. 11-25

Mentzer and Kahn (1995) recommended a typology for Development/Selection and Management; (9) Out Sourcing;
classification of research articles based on the type of (10) Environmental/Social Responsibility; (11)
research. They devised a classification system comprising of International/Global supply chain concepts.; (12) Buyer
five categories namely normative literature, Literature Behavior; (13) Transportation & Logistics (14) Human
reviews, exploratory studies, Methodological reviews and Resource Management; (15) MRP, legal Regulations and
Hypothesis testing. The explanation of different research Negotiations. These particular categories were selected
methods is given in Table 4. because they are based on a classification summary provided
by the ISM, as seen in Carter and Ellram (2003). The
3.2 Content Analysis research goal was to systematically capture trends, gaps and
the future direction for the SCM field as depicted in the SCM
A Content Analysis enables one to determine the nature of literature and covered by a wide cross-section of articles of
content, identify the patterns, and estimate the relationships thirteen journals.
between the research papers being analyzed.
Descriptions for each topic category were then assigned
Content analysis methodologies was employed to both code appropriately. These categorical descriptions and the issues
and categorize the selected articles into one of the 15 covered are expanded upon in Table 5. This Table provides a
categories adapted from Carter and Ellram (2003) and useful categorization for future researchers in examining the
displayed in Table 5. The 15 categories used in this study are various elements of the supply chain. For example, articles
(1) SCM Strategy; (2) SCM Frameworks, Trends and in the SCM strategy area focused on the strategic aspects
Challenges; (3) Alliances/Relationships; (4) E- within the chain studying theories such as the resource based
Commerce/World Wide Web; (5) Time-Based Strategies; view, agency theory and risk management.
(6) Computer Application & EDI (7) Quality; (8) Supplier
Table 5. Details of Content Categories
Sl. Category Description and topics covered
No.
1 SCM Strategy It includes resource based view, competitive advantage, agency theory and risk
management.
2 SCM Frameworks, Trends It includes future trends, supply chain definitions and benefits/ problems of scm.
And Challenges
3 Alliances Or Relationships It includes commitment, trust, conflict, intra and inter-firm relationship building
etc.
4 Transportations & Logistics It includes procurement of transportation and logistics services.
5 World Wide Web and E- It includes e-procurement, e-integration and website content
Commerce
6 Time Based Strategy It includes just in time , cycle time supply chain agility and flexibility, inventory
management etc.
7 Quality It includes ISO and quality management practices
8 Environmental and Social It includes environmental policies, government regulations recovery and scrap and
Responsibility surplus
9 Outsourcing It includes third party logistic and contract manufacturing.
10 Human Resource Issues It includes hiring issues, psychological issues, job performance, training, pay and
promotions etc.
11 Supplier Development It includes supplier selection criteria, supplier training and improvement, supplier
/Selection and Management monitoring, management and assessment.
12 Computer Application and It includes use of information technology and computer applications.
Electronic Data Interchange
13 Buyer Behavior It includes decision making, purchasing motivation and risk management
including dealing with uncertainty and shortages, new product development, and
internal integration
14 International/Global Supply It includes global logistic cultural issues and international logistics.
Chain
15 Manufacturing Resource It includes planning of manufacturing resources and all legal and regulatory issues
Planning, Legal and along with negotiations.
Regulatory Issues

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 Journal of Studies on Manufacturing (Vol.1-2010/Iss.1)
Jain et al. / Supply Chain Management: Literature Review and Some Issues / pp. 11-25

4. OBSERVATION & DISCUSSIONS Earlier literature reviews provided the basis of selecting the
relevant journals, which was supplemented by an intelligent
It is seen from the preliminary discussion that 588 articles internet scanning of the journals to determine those where
were found in 13 journals after selecting for multi-faceted articles on SCM appeared during the review period. A
ness of the articles, and approximately 370 articles were journal-wise count of the short listed SCM articles appearing
dropped from the analysis, as they pertained to treatment of in these journals is shown in Table 6.
only one single parameter.
Table 6. Distribution of Reviewed SCM Publications
S. Cumulative
Journal Name Frequency Percentage
No. percentage
1 The Journal of Supply Chain Management 138 23. 46 23. 46
2 International Journal of Production Economics 107 18. 20 41. 66
3 European Journal of Operational Research 74 12. 59 54. 25
4 Journal of Operations Management 60 10. 20 64. 50
5 IJ of Logistics Research and Applications 38 6. 46 70. 96
6 Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management 37 6. 29 77. 25
7 Journal of Business Logistics 28 4. 76 82. 01
8 IJ of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 25 4. 25 86. 26
9 The IJ of Logistics Management 24 4. 08 90. 34
10 IJ of Operations & Prod Mgmt. (IJOPM) 20 3. 40 93. 74
11 OMEGA 19 3. 23 96. 97
12 The IJ of Industrial Mgmt & Data Systems 13 2. 21 99. 18
13 Industrial Marketing Management and others 5 0. 82 100
Total 588 100
(25.31%) that examines what ought to be and what
It is seen from Table 6 that 64. 50% of the selected articles individuals and organizations ought to do” (Mentzer and
appeared in only 04 Journals, out of which also, The Journal Kahn 1995). After that Methodology Reviews (15.15%),
of Supply Chain Management contributed the lion’s share – Literature Review (9.56 %) and Hypothesis testing (6. 31
138 articles forming 23.46% of all the 588 articles across 13 %) follows. This indicates that more research is needed in
journals. However the wide ranging interest and activity in hypothesis testing research method.
SCM is evinced by the fact that there are ten Journals with
twenty or more articles. A journal-wise, year-wise categorization of the 588 articles is
presented in Table 8. The Table 8 shows that the topic of
The data of Table 7 depicts that Exploratory Research SCM has seen a major research thrust over the recent years,
Method (43.37%) that makes observations of supply and 30% of the selected articles have appeared in the last 2
management for the purpose of developing theories, but years only, 54.08% in the last 4 years.
leaves the testing of the theories for other studies, dominated
over other methods and closely followed by Normative study
Table 7. Classification of articles By Method of Research
1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006
Total Comm.
- - - - - - %
No. %
1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008
Exploratory 5 6 21 39 76 108 255 43. 37 43.37
Normative 2 6 15 26 42 58 149 25. 31 68.68
Methodology - 2 4 8 28 47 82 15. 15 83.93
Reviews
Literature 2 3 2 8 14 29 58 9. 56 93.59
Review
Hypothesis 1 2 - 6 15 13 37 6. 31 99.90
Testing
Total 10 19 42 87 175 255 588 100

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Table 8. Journal-wise and Year-wise number of selected publications

Total
Journal
08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91
Name

Journal of
SCM
21 11 11 20 15 12 10 12 4 6 3 3 2 3 3 2 0 0 138

I.J. of Prod.
Economics
18 25 12 12 16 8 4 3 2 2 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 107

European j.
of Operation 16 12 7 10 15 1 3 5 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 74
Research
Journal of
Operation 8 12 7 6 7 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 60
Management
IJ of
Logistic
Research &
1 2 4 5 2 3 5 2 4 2 3 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 38
Application
Journal of
Purchasing &
Supply
8 7 4 2 3 8 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37
Management
Journal of
Business 3 8 7 4 2 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28
Logistics
IJ of Physical
distribution
3 2 3 3 1 2 1 2 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 1 25
& Logistic
management
Int. Journal
of Logistic 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 3 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 24
Management
IJ of
Operation & 5 2 3 3 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 20
Prod. Mgmt.
Omega 2 7 6 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19
IJ of
Industrial
Mgmt. &
1 2 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 13
Data Systems
Industrial
Marketing 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 05
Management
Total 88 91 69 70 67 45 30 35 22 16 17 9 7 5 7 4 2 4 588
Percentage
14. 97

15. 48

11. 73

11. 90

11. 39

7. 65

5. 10

5. 95

3. 74

2. 72

2. 89

1. 53

1. 19

0. 85

1. 19

0. 68

0. 34

0. 68

100

Cum %
14. 97

30. 45

42. 18

54. 08

65. 47

73. 12

78. 22

84. 17

87. 91

90. 63

93. 52

93. 05

96. 24

97. 09

98. 28

98. 96

99. 30

99. 98

18
 Journal of Studies on Manufacturing (Vol.1-2010/Iss.1)
Jain et al. / Supply Chain Management: Literature Review and Some Issues / pp. 11-25
As expected, the Journal of Supply Chain Management
carried the maximum number of articles (138), closely
followed by international Journal of Production Economics
with 107 articles. It is pointed out here that while the actual
number of total articles published was much more, as is also
evinced by previous literature reviews reporting a large
number of articles, the lower count presented here by the
authors is due to the elimination of those articles which
focused on only single parameters of the supply Chain. The
discussed articles are those which focus on multi-
functionality of the supply chain. It is therefore concluded
that this particular aspect i.e. Multi-functionality of the
Supply Chain and related issues has only recently received
the attention of the researchers, which accounts for the recent
steep rise in the publications reflected in the Table 9
(Appendix B).
All the 588 selected journal articles were categorized into the
15 categories specified in section 3. 03 above. The category
Supply Chain Strategy received maximum attention of the
researchers with a total of 127 (21. 60%) papers appearing
during the survey period on this topic. SCM frameworks,
Trends and Challenges were the topic which received the
next most attention with a total of 101 papers (17. 17%).
Alliance/ relations with 83 papers (14.11%), World-wide web
& e-Commerce with 54 papers (9. 18%) were the other
important topics with others categories individually having
less number of papers. Time-based Strategy attracted 39
papers (6. 63%) and Computer applications and EDI has 36
papers 6.12%. All other categories individually contribute
less than 5%, and collectively 148 papers (25. 17%). This is
clearly visible in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Distribution of articles in top six categories
140
120
100
No. of papers
80
60
40
20
0
1 Responsibility has seen an increased activity, reflecting the
category
Fig. 1. Distribution of articles in top six categories
A general rising of interest in almost all the 15 categories is
seen from the Table 9. However, the rise of interest in SCM
Strategy is much more than in other topics, and when
compared to the total trend, we can see the interest very
clearly in Figure 2.
A detailed analysis of top four categories is described
afterwards.
Fig. 2. Categorywise trend of No of papers per year from
SCM Strategy
SCM framework, Challenges
And Trends
Alliances/Relations
World Wide Web and
E0Commerce
Time Based Strategy
Computer Application and EDI
19

Figure 2 Categorywise trend of No of papers per year from
2001-08 (in top five categories)
25
SCM Strategy
20
SCM framework,
No. of papers
15 Challenges And Trends
Alliances/Relations
10
World Wide Web and
E0Commerce
5 Time Based Strategy
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Year
2001-08 (in top five categories)
4.1 Supply Chain Management Strategy
Given the relative recency of SCM for researchers, as well as
how it continues to evolve, Supply Chain Strategy SCM
Frameworks, Trends and Challenges should remain an
important topic going forward. In other words, at some point
in the future, the lines between categories such as these may
become blurred because IT and e-commerce are continually
integrated into the frameworks and strategies of supply chain.
Giunipro et al. (2008) in his review of SCM literature up to
2006 observed that articles on e- commerce peaked in 2004.
The authors find from their data which specifically looks at
only those papers which address multiple aspects of supply
chain gained in numbers only from 2005 and 7, 7, 10 and 8
numbers of papers were published in year 2005, 2006, 2007
and 2008 respectively. This shows that the impact of rapid
development of Information Technology has manifested in
development in supply chain field and further developments
in multidimensional aspects of scm will increase in terms of
their value to SCM researchers and managers in the coming
years. For a successful integrated supply chain continuous
flow of information is necessary. Our study confirms the
observation of Giunipro et al. (2008) that traditional areas
such as Quality, Human resource and Supplier Development
areas have remained fairly stable, and this trend continues.
However, the field of Environmental and Social
heightened government and public concerns and industry
awareness in these areas. (Cruz, 2008). Literature on green
supply chain is emerging (Zhu and Sarkis, 2004) and gaining
prominence and represents a research area with a huge
potential.
There was very little discussion on the global supply chain up
to 2006 (Giunipro et al., 2008). Our study found no
appreciable increase in numbers of papers published in this
field in 2007 (publication =4) and in year 2008 (publication
=3). Therefore this field is still developing and has a lot of
potential for research. This confirms the findings of Giunipro
 Journal of Studies on Manufacturing (Vol.1-2010/Iss.1)
Jain et al. / Supply Chain Management: Literature Review and Some Issues / pp. 11-25
et al (2008) that this field should continue to see increased
activity given the increased emphasis on global business.
Integrating supply chain strategy with the overall firm
strategy is an important consideration to maximize
profitability (Tan et al. 1998). This has resulted in a sharp
increase in the literature concerning SCM Strategy, and 21.
6% of the articles included in our literature review are seen to
belong to this category, even though Time-based strategies
have been separately categorized and add an additional
6.71%, making the attention on Strategy as 28.31% of the
total articles. The articles dealing with strategy are observed
to be concentrating on various aspects, mainly on Risk
Management in Supply Chains, Competitive Advantages,
Resource based Views and Agency theory, Strategic
Alliances, Strategic Alliances (Sandelands 1994; Carr and
Pearson 1999), Strategic Performance Measures (Tan,
Kannan and Handfield 1998; Gunasekaran, Patel and
Tirtiroglu 2001) and Supply Chain Forecasting (McCarthy
and Golicic 2002). Gong (2008) highlights flexibility as an
important determinant of Strategy and proposes an economic
model for evaluation of Supply Chain Flexibility.
Also, most of these articles only investigated strategy
alignment between the firm and one key supplier rather than
a chain investigation. The idea of a supply chain
organization has been presented (Ketchen and Giunipero
2004), but this has yet to be systematically investigated.
Additionally, there is still considerable work yet to be done in
terms of merging existing strategic management literature
with theoretical work being conducted in the SCM field.
4.2 SCM Frameworks, Trends and Challenges
SCM Frameworks, Trends and Challenges represent the
second largest area of recent growth within the supply chain
field. As shown in Figure 1, 101 of the 588 total articles, or
approximately 17.38%, fall into this category. While SCM
has, in some form or other, existed for several decades, the
true value of SCM to the organization’s growth and
profitability targets has been realized only recently with the
emergence of global supply chains and information
technology advances. The development and mechanics of
supply chains have become very complex, and Blackhurst et
al. (2005) showed as to how supply chain complexity can
make the modeling of the chain a multifaceted task. The
authors have concentrated only on those articles which focus
on the multi-faceted aspects of the Supply Chain and examine
the inter-dependence and co-ordination of two or more facets
of the Supply Chain.
Several authors have examined several aspects of the SCM
and contributed to enhance overall understanding of multi-
faceted SCM. This category also includes several definitions
and frameworks which were developed for multi-dimensional
SCM (Sanders et.al. (2007). Jüttner and Baker (2007)
examine aspect of integrating marketing and supply chain
management. Sanders et.al. (2007) suggested a
Multidimensional Framework for Understanding Outsourcing
Arrangements. Frizelle and Efstathiou (2007) report a study
the impact of operational complexity on the cost in customer–
20
supplier systems. Zhao et.al. (2007) discuss the value of
early order commitment in a two-level supply chain. Adhitya
et.al. (2007) developed a model-based rescheduling
framework for managing abnormal supply chain events.
4.3 Supplier Alliances/Relationships
The resurgence of publications in this area was observed by
Giunipro et al. (2008) and explained as a result of a general
trend within industries of moving away from simple
transaction and contractual-based relationships, and toward
more long-term relational forms of collaboration between
parties involved in supply chain activities. The development
of these long-term, strategic relationships between buyers and
sellers within the supply chain has been previously shown to
offer opportunities to create considerable competitive
advantage (Tanner 1999). Ghosal and Moran (1996)
cautioned that many firms were recognizing these
implications and as a result were attempting to adopt a more
collaborative and trusting relationship between the two
parties. The publication of relationship-oriented SCM
articles is seen to more than double within a decade from 5.
88% in 1998 to 13. 64% in 2008, underlining the growing
importance of this field. The authors feel that a substantial
activity will be seen in the coming years in this field as more
and more companies from the developing world go global.
4.4 World Wide Web and E-commerce
WWW and E-commerce is the fourth largest area of growth
in supply chain literature. As shown in Figure 1, 54 of the
588 total articles, or approximately 9%, fall into this
category. A steady growth in the number of articles in this
area of research is seen in the Table-9. The Internet has
revolutionized the communication process, and made
availability of information instantaneous across the globe.
This has greatly improved the co-ordination of the various
activities like Production planning, Purchasing, Materials
management, Distribution, Customer service and Sales
forecasting of a Supply Chain, thereby enabling and
empowering the supply chain. The has resulted in the
emergence of new business-to-business (B2B) supply chains,
and business-to-consumer (B2C) supply chains, with several
techniques like e-Tender and e-Auctions gaining popularity
and facilitating the speeding up of the supply chain. Thus E-
commerce impacts supply chain management in various ways
including Cost efficiency, Changes in the distribution system,
Customer orientation, Shipment tracking, Shipping notice,
Freight auditing, Shipping Documentation and Labeling,
Online Shipping Inquiry etc. Agatz et.al (2007) presented a
review of E-fulfillment and multi-channel distribution.
This is a fascinating and developing area, and holds
unpredictable and interesting developments in reserve.
Depending upon the developments in the field of Information
Technology, surprise developments in Supply Chain in the
form of E-commerce and WWW based SCM applications are
sure to emerge in the future.
 Journal of Studies on Manufacturing (Vol.1-2010/Iss.1)
Jain et al. / Supply Chain Management: Literature Review and Some Issues / pp. 11-25
5. FUTURE AREAS FOR RESEARCH
As evident from the literature, supply chain management has
been the topic of interest for researchers in recent past. It
offers almost unlimited possibilities of exploration as the
market dynamics are widely varying among economies,
regions, climate zones, time zones, political systems,
countries, population demographics, markets, and so on. The
field will continue to grow as the world is integrated into one
great global marketplace, and the researchers are faced with
new scenarios from time to time.
Supply chain management is an exploding field, both in
research and in practice. Major international consulting firms
have developed large practices in the field of supply chain,
and the number of research papers in the field is growing
rapidly. Firms operate in global environments, deal with
multiple suppliers and customers, are required to manage
inventories in new and innovative ways, and are faced with
possible channel restructuring. The field promises to
continue growing as the research advances and as firms
continue to apply new knowledge in their global networks. It
would be almost impossible to foray into the unknown and
predict the future course research in SCM is likely to take.
However, there are a few issues within SCM which are
identified as suitable and appropriate for further research
exploration.
Some issues for future research:
5.1 Demand Driven Supply Chains
Aligning supply and demand in today’s complex and
dynamic manufacturing environment can be challenging at
best. Many companies spend much amount of time and
resources in an attempt to better predict demand. But still,
static forecasts are often out of date within hours of creation,
making some question the real value of traditional planning
tools as it relates to near-term demand volatility.
5.2 Supply chain in Food and Service industry is also a
prominent field of research.
While the objectives to be addressed by future research are
outlined broadly above, certain barriers exist to deter the
research in these fields. With the expansion of the supply
chain to a global status, the average researcher is left high
and dry, with little or no access to the corporate data,
problems and with little resource to look into the status and
devise solutions. Large MNC’s tend to be severely
confidential and closed, and fend for their own, particularly
in the developing economies where the possibilities of
research largely exist. Due to this reason, most research has
been limited to individual aspects of SCM with limited data,
and mostly has been empirical research. Large consultants
do have access to corporate working and data, and that is
perhaps one reason that more and more information is sought
by researchers on the Internet, where one can find secondary
and processed data like the reports of major consultants like
McKinsey. The researcher community needs to find a way
around this problem.
Geographic distances between the different parts of a supply
21
chain present another problem. A normal researcher can
work at one location, and trade, tariff, financial and
diplomatic barriers often prevent the researcher from
accessing the other parts of a global supply chain. Earlier
research has suffered from a major drawback pointed out in
Giunipero et.al. (2008) who cited Malhotra and Grover
(1998) as reporting that 30% of the operations management
survey studies they assessed suffered from statistical
conclusion errors due to small sample sizes. Tanner (1999)
suggested involving trade associations to increase access to
more companies and increase sample sizes.
6. CONCLUSION
The review of literature and its categorization has highlighted
the popularity of SCM as a field of research. SCM Strategy,
SCM Frameworks, Trends and Challenges;
Alliances/Relationships and WWW and E commerce are the
principal areas of research and publication in the SCM
domain. In this paper attempt has been made to review the
literature on SCM. We have presented a literature
classification scheme in line with the suggestion made by
Mentzer & Kahn (1995). We have categorized the articles in
five methodologies of SCM i.e. Exploratory, Normative,
Methodology, Literature Review and Hypothesis testing.
A literature review reveals a considerable spurt in research in
theory and practice of SCM. Combining and informing on
features of Supply Management and distribution
Management. This integration has resulted in the concept of
extended enterprise and the supply chain is now manifest as
the collaborative supply chain across inter company borders
to maximize the value across the entire supply chain.
We hope this study contributes to a better understanding of
the direction in SCM research. Regarding the methodologies
used by researchers, the Exploratory reviews has been the
most used, followed by the Normative study,
Methodological reviews, Literature review and Hypothesis
testing. This literature review finds that exploratory type of
research is mostly preferred it is expected that with the
maturity of SCM the hypothesis testing method will pick up.
Content wise categorization revealed that paper on supply
chain strategy dominates over others so the papers in the field
of supplier development and management and environmental
and social responsible categories should also be promoted.
There is an increased interest in SCM and Internet by
academicians and practitioners. Some directions for further
research that we have identified are: to conduct empirical
studies about the impact of Internet on several e-SCM
processes, as for example the reverse and demand
management processes which, so far, have only been
considered by a couple of authors. Another important area of
research is the application of decision models and
technologies on Internet. As more and more firms have high
quality and real-time information available, the use of these
decision technologies will increase, since they add significant
value to the members of a supply chain.
 Journal of Studies on Manufacturing (Vol.1-2010/Iss.1)
Jain et al. / Supply Chain Management: Literature Review and Some Issues / pp. 11-25

The SCM is continuously redefining itself. Past literature
reviews provided valuable results, they were based upon the
random selection of articles, book chapters and conference
proceedings (Croom et al. 2000; Burgess et al., 2006). Other
literature reviews were either more focused on operations
management or examined a single journal (Carter and Ellram
2003; Rungtusanatham et al., 2003).A review of suspended
data collection in 2003 (Burgess et al. 2006) was carried out.
The aim of this study was to provide an up-to-date and
extensive review of the SCM literature that was focused on a
broad definition of the SCM concept. Also, the most recent
literature review was given by Giunipero et al (2008) in
which they had given past present and future implications of
SCM.
It is our hope that researchers will use the gaps identified
herein to generate much needed conceptual and empirical
work in the SCM literature, thereby creating a body of
literature that is more heavily influenced by a deeper analysis
of the supply chain on a chain wide or network basis.
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 Appendix A. TABLE 3
Table 3. SCM Related Literature Reviews

Researchers & Methodology Scope Key Findings

Year (Sampling Period); #
of Journals
Giunipero et al. Reviewed 405 articles published in nine academic journals Nine (09) Years (1997- There is ample opportunity for a wide range of methodological tools
(2008) over a 10-year period. 2006); Nine academic to analyze.
Journals.
Burgess et al Reviewed randomly selected 100 articles found in Nineteen years (1985- Consensus is lacking on SCM definition; Research methods
(2006) ABI/Inform Global ProQuest database. Analyzed articles in mid-2003) 31 random employed are mostly analytical, conceptual, empirical survey
four types: descriptive features of SCM, literature Journals or case studies.
definition issues, theoretical concerns, and research
methodological issues.
Carter & Ellram Reviewed articles published in the journal of Supply Chain Thirty Five years The most common type of research performed was Exploratory
(2003) Management over a 35-year period. (1965-99); one journal Review, Hypothesis testing being the least common method.
Rungtusanatham Reviewed 285 survey articles published in six operational Twenty-One (21) Years SCM oriented articles increased significantly after first half of
et al. (2003) Management Journals. (1980-2000); Six OM 1990’s.

24
Journals.
Croom et al. Reviewed 84 papers on SCM in terms of level of analysis Time period not Primary categories in SCM literature are defined, including Strategic
(2000) and used ProQuest, Anbar and BIDS packages. mentioned Journal, Management, Logistics, and Marketing, Relationship, Partnerships,
Books and conference Best Practices, and Organizational behaviors.
proceedings
 Appendix B. TABLE 9

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Table 9. Category-wise and year-wise number of selected articles
Category 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 Total %
SCM Strategy 20 18 14 18 19 11 5 8 7 7 5 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 127 21. 60
SCM framework, 12 15 10 12 18 9 6 8 4 2 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 101 17. 17
Challenges And Trends
Alliances/Relations 12 12 6 12 8 6 4 4 4 0 1 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 83 14. 11
World Wide Web and 8 10 7 7 0 4 2 3 1 4 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 54 9. 18
Ecommerce
Time Based Strategy 8 6 9 1 5 2 1 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 39 6. 63
Computer App. and EDI 7 4 6 6 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 6. 12
Quality 3 3 4 3 4 2 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 28 4. 76
Supplier Development and 4 8 0 5 4 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 25 4. 25
Management
Out Sourcing 3 2 3 2 0 1 3 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 20 3. 40
Env. And Social 4 8 3 2 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 3. 06
Responsibility

25
Int. /Global Supply Chain 3 4 2 3 0 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 18 3. 06
Buyer Behavior 3 0 5 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 2. 21
Transportation and 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 11 1. 87
Logistics
Human Resource Issues 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 10 1. 70
MRP, legal Issues and 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0. 85
Negotiations.
Journal of Studies on Manufacturing (Vol.1-2010/Iss.1)

Total 88 91 69 70 67 45 30 35 22 16 17 09 07 05 07 04 02 04 588 100.00

Percentage

7. 65
5. 10
5. 95
3. 74
2. 72
2. 89
1. 53
1. 19
0. 85
1. 19
0. 68
0. 34
0. 68

14. 97
15. 48
11. 73
11. 90
11. 39
Jain et al. / Supply Chain Management: Literature Review and Some Issues / pp. 11-25

Cum. Percentage

14. 97
30. 45
42. 18
54. 08
65. 47
73. 12
78. 22
84. 17
87. 91
90. 63
93. 52
93. 05
96. 24
97. 09
98. 28
98. 96
99. 30
99. 98