Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Selection of Pipeline
Material of Construction
‐ Overview of Different Methodologies ‐
Sujit S. Laddha
Dr. Deepashri Nage
Sujit Subhash Laddha
Education
• Master of Technology (Welding), NIT Trichy
• Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical), University of Mumbai
Accreditation
• API Certified Corrosion & Materials Professional (License # 63171)
• API Certified Risk Based Inspection Professional (License # 63243)
Experience
• Corrosion Control & Management | Material Selection
• FEED Verification | Detailed Design | Risk Based Inspection
• Failure Analysis
Professional
• Member of NACE Gateway India Section (NIGIS)
• Associate Member of Institution of Engineers, India (AMIE)
Crude Oil Reserves (As on 01‐04‐2016) Natural Gas Reserves (As on 01‐04‐2016)
Source: Indian Petroleum & Natural Gas Statistics (2015‐16)
# Pipelines Length (Kms)
By the end of the 13th five year plan, India is
1 Crude Oil Pipelines (Onshore) 9365 expected to have a natural gas pipeline network of
2 Crude Oil Pipelines (Offshore) 488 around 31,432 kms with a design capacity of 782
MMSCMD with a nation wide gas grid and more
3 Gas Pipelines (Onshore) 16671
uniform pipeline network coverage in place.
4 Gas Pipelines (Offshore) 987
5 Product Pipelines (Onshore) 14975 “Vision 2030” Natural Gas Infrastructure in India
(PNGRB)
TOTAL 42486
As on 31‐03‐2016
Pipeline Distribution
Crude Oil
Product 23%
35% Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Product
42%
Source: Indian Petroleum & Natural Gas Statistics (2015‐16)
Gas Transmission Network in India at end of 13th Five Year Plan
Source: “Vision 2030” Natural Gas Infrastructure in India (PNGRB)
“Swiss Cheese” Model of Failure
Source: J Reason, "Human error: models and management". March 2000. British Medical Journal 320 (7237): 768–770.
Pipeline Failure Data (USA: 1987‐2006)
Source: http://ops.dot.gov/stats/stats.htm
Distribution of Incident Per Cause
Cause Distribution (%)
External Interference 48.4
Construction Defect/Material Failure 16.7
Corrosion 16.1
Ground Movement 7.4
Hot‐Tap Error 4.8
Other & Unknown 6.6
Pipeline Failure by Corrosion
Unknown
Internal 4%
Corrosion
13%
External
Corrosion
83%
Approach for Pipeline Material Selection
Service
Condition
Corrosion Past
Engineering
Rate Inspection
Judgement
Estimation Records
Corrosion CRA
Rate Carbon
Steel
Non‐
Past PROCESS Metallic
Inspection
Engineering
Judgement
Optimum Material
Material Selection Flowchart
Parameters Influencing Corrosion Rate
Corrosion Rate Calculations
1710 ‐ C. de Waard and
log 5.8 0.67 log 2 U. Lotz Equation
Vcor: Corrosion Rate
T: Temperature
pCO2: Partial Pressure of CO2
1 CR (inh): Inhibited Corrosion Rate (mm/year)
100 CR (uninh): Uninhibited Corrosion Rate (mm/year)
IE: Inhibitor Efficiency (%)
IA: Inhibitor Availability (%)
CR(inh) 1
Factors Affecting Choice of Material
Corrosion Non‐metallic
Resistant Material
Alloy
Temperature
Temperature
Pressure
Chloride Glass Trans Temp
pH2S UV Resistance
pH Construction
Past Inspection Records
Judgement and Past Experiences
• Type & Corrosivity
Service • E.g. Raw Water, Produced Water, etc.
• Similar Field/Service
Experience • Past Record
SUMMARY – Pipeline Material Selection
• Parameters ‐ CRE
Corrosion
Rate / SLC • Factors – Material
Selection
Inspection • Actual Field CR
Records • Reliable Data
Engg. • Service
Judgement • Experience
Discussion