T81 Rep Kriya Med Oragadam 140215

KM Mobile: 98401 - 03900
FOUNDATION CONSULTANTS Tele Fax: 044- 4285 4259

4 / 32, North First Cross Street,
Kapaleeswarar Nagar
Neelankarai e-mail: kmuthukrishnaiah@gmail.com
Chennai – 600 115
Dr. K. MUTHUKRISHNAIAH
[Formerly Professor & Head of the
Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras]
No. KMFC/ Krishna/ Kriya Med/ Oragadam/ T81
Date: 14.02.2015
To
Shri Krishnaraghavan
M/s. Kriya Medical Technologies
Y- Block, 5/2731
12th Main Road, 7th Street
Anna Nagar
Chennai - 600 040
Dear Shri Krishnaraghavan,
Sub: Report on subsoil investigation and recommendations for suitable type of foundations
for the proposed Factory for Kriya design technologies at Oragadam
Ref: 1. Your Purchase Order No. 001/KMT/2014-15, dt. 04.02.2015 on KM Foundation

Consultants, Vendor No. 10011
2. Your Purchase Order No. 002/KMT/2014-15, dt. 04.02.2015 on Geo Consultants,
Vendor No. 10012
3. Our Offer letter No. KMFC/ Krishna/ Kriya Med/ Oragadam/ 4ABH /Revised Offer,
dt.03.02.2015
4. Your Emails dated 19.01.2015 & 02.02.2015
***********
Please find enclosed our Report No. KMFC/ Krishna/ Kriya Med/ Oragadam/ T81
dt.14.02.2015 on “SUBSOIL INVESTIGATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
SUITABLE TYPE OF FOUNDATIONS FOR THE PROPOSED FACTORY FOR
KRIYA DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES AT ORAGADAM”.
With warm regards,

Very truly yours,
Encl: a/a (Prof. Dr. K. Muthukrishnaiah)

Report No. : KMFC/ KRISHNA/ KRIYA MED/ ORAGADAM/
T81
Date : 14.02.2015
Project : THE PROPOSED FACTORY FOR KRIYA

DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES AT ORAGADAM
Title : SUBSOIL INVESTIGATION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
SUITABLE TYPE OF FOUNDATIONS
Client : M/s. Kriya Medical Technologies

Chennai
Prof. Dr. K. MUTHUKRISHNAIAH

KM Foundation Consultants
4 / 32, North First Cross Street
Kapaleeswarar Nagar
Neelankarai
Chennai - 600 115
INDEX
(Report No. KMFC/ Krishna/ Kriya Med/ Oragadam/ T81, dt. 14.02.2015)
Sl. No. Description Page

No.
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 FIELD INVESTIGATION 1-2
3 LABORATORY SOIL TESTING 2
4 SUBSOIL CONDITIONS 2
5 GROUND WATER TABLE 2
6 ANALYSIS FOR SUITABLE TYPE OF FOUNDATIONS 3-6
7 GUIDELINES FOR FILL MATERIAL AND FOR FILLING 6-7
TO RAISE THE GENERAL GROUND LEVEL
8 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUITABLE 7 - 10
TYPE OF FOUNDATIONS
Figures
1 LAY OUT PLAN SHOWING THE LOCATIONS OF BORE 11
HOLES
2-5 LOGS OF BORE HOLES 12 - 15
Tables
1 RESULTS OF CONE PENETRATION TESTS 16 - 18
2 COMPARISON OF RESULTS OF CONE 19
PENETRATION RESISTANCE
3 COMPARISON OF SUBSOIL CONDITIONS AND CONE 20 - 21
PENETRATION RESISTANCE IN THE FOUR BORE
HOLES
4-7 RESULTS OF LABORATORY SOIL TESTING 22 - 25
Enclosure 1 LIST OF SOME OF THE GOOD SOURCES OF LIME 26
WITH CaO MORE THAN 60%
KM Mobile: 98401 - 03900
FOUNDATION CONSULTANTS Tele Fax: 044- 4285 4259
4 / 32, North First Cross Street,
Kapaleeswarar Nagar
Neelankarai e-mail: kmuthukrishnaiah@gmail.com
Chennai – 600 115
Dr. K. MUTHUKRISHNAIAH
[Formerly Professor & Head of the
Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras]
No. KMFC/ Krishna/ Kriya Med/ Oragadam/ T81
Date: 14.02.2015
REPORT ON
SUBSOIL INVESTIGATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
SUITABLE TYPEOF FOUNDATIONS FOR THE PROPOSED
FACTORY FOR KRIYA DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES AT ORAGADAM
1. INTRODUCTION
Soil investigation bore holes and continuous cone penetration tests were made on
09.02.2015 for the proposed Factory for Kriya design technologies at Oragadam.
Results of the soil investigation and recommendations for suitable type of foundation
for the proposed constructions are presented in this report.
2. FIELD INVESTIGATION
Four bore holes and four continuous cone penetration tests were made by
M/s. Geo Consultants, Chennai at locations shown in Fig.1. The bore holes were
made using auger and representative soil samples were collected from the bore holes
at every 0.3 m depth intervals. The bore holes were made up to either 6 m depth
below the existing ground level (EGL) or up to a hard stratum, whichever is earlier.
The diameter of the bore holes was 150 mm.
Ground Water Table was not met with, in any of the bore holes, during boring.
Continuous Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) were conducted near each bore hole
location. The cone penetration tests consist of driving a 25 mm diameter cone, by a 10
kg drop weight with a free fall of 500 mm. The cone tests were conducted right from
EGL, continuously up to either 6 m depth below EGL or up to a hard stratum,
whichever is earlier. The number of blows for every 50 mm penetration was recorded.
The number of blows for each 300 mm penetration is termed as “Cone Penetration
Resistance” (CPR). Correlations developed between the CPR and SPT (Standard
Penetration Test) show that the CPR is about 1.8 times the SPT value.
The results of cone penetration tests are presented in Tables 1 & 2. Table 1 gives the
number of blows for every 50 mm penetration, in all the tests. Table 2 gives
the CPR values in all the tests. The equivalent SPT values are also presented in
Table 2.
-2-
A comparison of visual identification of soil samples collected from the four bore holes
with the results of the four cone penetration tests is given in Table 3.
The logs of the bore holes are presented in Figs. 2 to 5. The CPR values and the
equivalent SPT values are also shown alongside the bore logs.
3. LABORATORY SOIL TESTING
The representative soil samples collected from the bore holes were visually identified,
and classification and identification tests (Liquid and Plastic Limit tests on clayey soil
samples and Grain Size Analysis of sandy and gravelly soil samples) were conducted. The
results are presented in Tables 4 to 7.
4. SUBSOIL CONDITIONS
The data presented in Figs. 2 to 5 and Tables 1 to 7 shows the following subsoil
conditions.
(i) The subsoil in the entire investigated depth is sandy clay of either high plasticity or
border between high plasticity and medium plasticity, with gravel size stone pieces
at some depths.
(ii) The sandy clay is:
medium stiff from 0.1 m to 0.85 m and also from 1.25 m to 1.35 m at bore hole 2
locations; from 0.55 m to 1.05 m at bore hole 3 location.
stiff from 0.15 m to 0.8 m at bore hole 1 location; in the top 0.1 m and also from
1.35 m to 1.65 m at bore hole 2 location, in the top 0.55 m and also from 1.05 m to
1.15 m at bore hole 3 location.
very stiff in the top 0.15 m and also from 0.8 m to 1.6 m at bore hole 1 location;
from 0.85 m to 1.25 m, from 1.6 m to 2.4 m at bore hole 2 location; from 1.15 m to
1.6 m, from 1.85 m to 3.15 m and also from 3.45 m to 3.75 m at bore hole 3
location; in the top 1.55 m at bore hole 4 location.
hard from 1.6 m to 4.0 m at bore hole 1 location; from 2.4 m to 2.75 m at bore hole
2 location; from 1.6 m to 1.85 m, from 3.15 m to 3.45 m and from 3.75 m to 4.7 m
at bore hole 3 location; from 1.55 m to 5.55 m at bore hole 4 location.
(iii) A very hard stratum occurs at a depth of 5.25 m at bore hole 1 location, 2.75 m
at bore hole 2 location, 4.7 m at bore hole 3 location, 5.55 m at bore hole 4
location.
5. GROUND WATER TABLE
At the time of soil investigation (09.02.2015), ground Water Table was not met with, in
any of the bore holes, during boring.
-3-
6. ANALYSIS FOR SUITABLE TYPE OF FOUNDATIONS
Taking into account:
(i) The subsoil in the entire investigated depth is sandy clay of either high plasticity or
border between high plasticity and medium plasticity, with gravel size stone pieces
at some depths, the sandy clay being:
medium stiff from 0.1 m to 0.85 m and also from 1.25 m to 1.35 m at bore hole 2
locations; from 0.55 m to 1.05 m at bore hole 3 location.
stiff from 0.15 m to 0.8 m at bore hole 1 location; in the top 0.1 m and also from
1.35 m to 1.65 m at bore hole 2 location, in the top 0.55 m and also from 1.05 m to
1.15 m at bore hole 3 location.
very stiff in the top 0.15 m and also from 0.8 m to 1.6 m at bore hole 1 location;
from 0.85 m to 1.25 m, from 1.6 m to 2.4 m at bore hole 2 location; from 1.15 m to
1.6 m, from 1.85 m to 3.15 m and also from 3.45 m to 3.75 m at bore hole 3
location; in the top 1.55 m at bore hole 4 location.
hard from 1.6 m to 4.0 m at bore hole 1 location; from 2.4 m to 2.75 m at bore hole
2 location; from 1.6 m to 1.85 m, from 3.15 m to 3.45 m and from 3.75 m to 4.7 m
at bore hole 3 location; from 1.55 m to 5.55 m at bore hole 4 location, followed by
(ii) A very hard stratum at a depth of 5.25 m at bore hole 1

location, 2.75 m at bore hole 2 location, 4.7 m at bore hole 3 location, 5.55 m at
bore hole 4 location, and
(iii) Ground Water Table was not met with, in any of the bore holes, during boring,
Two alternate types of foundations are recommended, namely,
(i) Individual column footings or

(ii) Under-reamed piles
6.1 Alternative-1: individual column footings
(i) Excavation shall be made up to a depth of at least 2.4 m below the ground
level which existed at the time of soil investigation, for all column footings,
irrespective of the importance of the column or the loading on the column.
(ii) A relatively large depth of excavation for foundations is recommended to

minimize settlements due to drying shrinkage on one hand and up lift in the
portion of the covered area of the factory building due to increased moisture in
the highly plastic clay during and after good monsoon periods and also due to
migration of moisture towards the centre of the covered area over a period of 4
to 5 years after construction. The effect of moisture changes in highly plastic
clay will be very significant up to a depth of 3.5 m below the filled up ground
level (below the original ground level, if no filling is carried out). The uplift
-4-
pressure in some of the highly plastic clays can be of the order of 15 to 20

t/m2. Therefore, a relatively larger safe bearing capacity shall be considered in
the case of very stiff to hard highly plastic clays.
(iii) After thorough compaction of the bottom of excavation, a layer of clean river
sand, 200 mm thickness, mixed with powder dry shell lime (with available
Calcium Oxide being not less than 60% and the amount of powder dry shell
lime being 20 % by volume of the sand) shall then be laid. The sand cushion
layer shall be at least 200 mm wider on each of the four sides of the column
footing/combined footings / raft foundation or on each of the two sides of strip
raft. The sand cushion layer shall be watered and well compacted.
(iv) A list of some of a few sources of good quality lime and the tests to be
conducted on lime and some of the laboratories where these tests can be
conducted are given in Enclosure 1.
(v) The lime powder shall be mixed with the sand just before placing it on the
compacted bottom of excavation.
(vi) The addition of powder dry shell lime in the sand is intended to reduce the
plasticity of the underlying clay or sandy clay, which in turn will reduce the
shrinkage and swelling effects of the underlying clay or sandy clay. The
Addition of lime powder also helps to improve the strength of the clay or
sandy clay.
(vii) PCC for the foundations can be laid on the sand cushion, at 2.2 m depth below
the existing ground level.
(viii) A safe bearing capacity of 20 t/m2 is recommended under the foundations.

However, the width of any column footing or strip raft shall not be less than 1
m.
(ix) At the time of excavation for foundations, if ground water table occurs within
the recommended depth of excavation, sumps may be made to an additional
depth of 0.3 m at one or more corners of the foundation pits for column
footings/combined footings or at desired locations along the periphery of
excavation for strip raft/raft foundation and the water collected in the sumps
may be bailed out. At the time of laying the sand cushion layer, the bottom of
excavation shall be relatively dry (not slushy). Dewatering shall be maintained
until that part of the concrete in the foundations, which comes below the
ground water table level, sets.
(x) The excavated clay of medium to high plasticity is not suitable for back filling
of foundations. It is recommended to use inert material such as sand (river
sand or m-sand) or gravel for back filling. Back filling shall be done in layers
of not more than 200 mm thickness. Each layer shall be well compacted (mere
spreading the back fill material for back filling is not adequate. Layered
compaction shall be done for back filling).
-5-
6.2 Alternative 2: Under-reamed piles
(i) Under-reamed piles, with a single bulb, of 4.5 m length including bucket
length, are recommended.
(ii) A minimum shaft diameter of 300 mm (the corresponding bulb diameter will be
750 mm) is recommended for all under-reamed piles.
(iii) The under-reamed piles shall be installed as per guide lines given in the Indian
Standard, IS: 2911 (Part-III), 1980 “Code of practice for design and construction
of pile foundations, Part-III Under-reamed piles”.
(iv) Care shall be taken to prevent caving of pile bore, before concreting. This can be
achieved by either (i) using a casing pipe of at least 2 m length or (ii) by using
drilling mud, in circulation, as given in clause 6.4 of IS: 2911 (Part III)-1980.
Concreting shall be done using a tremie pipe.
(v) The safe capacity of the under-reamed piles can be taken equal to 1.25 times the
values given in Table-1 of the Indian Standard, IS: 2911 (Part III)-1980. The safe
capacity of under-reamed piles of different shaft diameter is reproduced below
from Table–1 of the Indian Standard, along with the recommended safe capacity
for this site.
Shaft Diameter Bulb Diameter Safe capacity as per IS: Safe capacity recommended
2911 (Part III) for this site
300 mm 750 mm 16 tonnes 20 tonnes
375mm 937.5 mm 24 tonnes 30 tonnes
(vi) At least M 20 grade concrete is recommended for the under-reamed piles. All
other requirements given in IS: 2911 (Part-III) shall be complied with.
(vii) It is desirable to use a pile group (of at least two piles in the group, preferably 3
piles in the group) under each column, so that any inadvertent eccentricity
between the piles and the columns will be taken care by the pile group as axial
compression or axial upward force. The minimum spacing in a pile group (centre
to centre of piles) shall not be less than one and a half times the bulb diameter, as
stipulated in IS: 2911(Part III)-1980, Clause-5.2.7.2.
(viii) In case a single pile is adopted for a column, the column shall be grown over the
pile, in order to avoid any eccentric loading on the pile.
(ix) It is necessary that an experienced contractor executes the under-reamed piles

with proven ability in installing under-reamed piles. It is desirable that at least one
initial test pile is installed for the purpose of evaluating the ability of the
contractor to install proper under-reamed piles and also to determine the capacity
of the pile for vertical load.
-6-
(x) After the initial test pile is load-tested, and the results analysed, regular piles
(working piles) may be installed. At least one working pile shall be load-tested
(routine pile load test).
(xi) The initial pile load test and the routine pile load test shall be carried out as per
guidelines given in Indian Standard, IS: 2911(Part-4)-1985 “Code of practice for
design and construction of pile foundations, Part-4: Load test on piles”.
(xii) The initial pile load test shall be carried out up to a “test load” of at least two
times the estimated safe load, preferably up to two and a half times the estimated
safe load. The routine pile load test on working pile shall be carried out up to
either a “test load” of one and a half times the design safe load or up to a
settlement of 12 mm whichever occurs first.
6.3 COMMON TO BOTH THE ALTERNATIVES
Floor settlements will occur due to the presence of soft to medium stiff clay within the top
1 m depth and also the presence of clay of medium to high plasticity for a large depth,
even beyond 3 m depth. One of the methods to minimize floor settlements is to excavate
and remove the clay of medium to high plasticity for a depth of at least 3 m and back fill
with relatively inert material such as sand (river sand or m-sand), well compacted in
layers of 200 mm compacted thickness as per guide lines given in Sl. No. 7 or Lime
slurry injection to alter the properties of the clay or RCC flooring may be designed for the
ground floor flooring. However, removal of large thickness of highly plastic clay and also
lime slurry injection will be very expensive and unreliable in terms of proper
implementation or not practicable. Therefore, RCC flooring is recommended for the
ground floor flooring.
7. GUIDELINES FOR FILL MATERIAL AND GUIDELINES FOR FILLING TO

RAISE THE GENERAL GROUND LEVEL
Relatively inert material such as sand or gravel shall be used for filling.
The percentage of fines (grain size less than 0.075 mm) shall not exceed 20%.
The liquid limit shall not exceed 30% and the plasticity index shall not exceed 10%.
The fill material shall be free from contamination from decomposed organic matter and
harmful chemicals.
Filling shall be done in layers of not more than 150 mm thickness, each layer.
Each layer shall be well compacted at about the optimum moisture content of the fill soil.
Compaction may be monitored by taking field density measurements at the rate of at least
one test for every 750 square meters* of area compacted. At least 95% of the maximum
dry density obtained in the laboratory Standard Proctor compaction test (as per IS: 2720,
Part VII-1980, Methods of test for soils, Determination of water content-dry density
relation using light compaction, Second Revision) shall be achieved in the field.
*
Reference: Handbook of Quality control for Stilt + 2roads and runways, second
revision, Indian Roads Congress, Special Publication – 11, Pages 18 & 19, Tables
2.1 & 2.2
-7-
Table2.1 Control Tests on Borrow Materials
S. No Test Test Method Minimum desirable frequency

1. Gradation@ / Sand-content IS : 2720 Part IV-1965 1-2 tests per 8000 m3 of soil
2. Plasticity index IS : 2720 Part V-1970 -do-
3. Standard Proctor Test IS : 2720 Part VII-1965 -do-
4. CBR on a set of 3 specimens ** IS : 2720 Part XVI-1965 One test per 3000 m3
5. Deleterious constituents IS : 2720 Part XXVII-1968 As required
6. Natural moisture content IS : 2720 Part II – 1973 (Second One test per 250 m3 of soil
Revision)
@
If specifications call for such tests.
** For purposes of design only, unless otherwise specified.
Table2.2 Tests for Compaction Control

S. No Test Test Method Minimum desirable frequency
1. Moisture content just before IS : 2720 Part II-1973 2-3 tests per 250 m3 of loose soil
compaction (Second Revision)
2. Dry density of compacted layer IS : 2720 Part XXVIII-1966 Generally, one test per 1000 m 2 of compacted area
for the body of the embankment, to be increased to
one test per 500-1000 m2 of compacted area for top
sub grade layers, i.e., top 500 mm portion of the
embankment.
8. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUITABLE TYPE OF

FOUNDATIONS
On the basis of the results of the soil investigation carried out, the following are
recommendations for suitable type of foundations for the proposed Factory for Kriya
design technologies at Oragadam.
Two alternate types of foundations are recommended, namely,
(iii) Individual column footings or

(iv) Under-reamed piles
8.1 Alternative-1: individual column footings
(xi) Excavation shall be made up to a depth of at least 2.4 m below the ground
level which existed at the time of soil investigation, for all column footings,
irrespective of the importance of the column or the loading on the column.
(xii) A relatively large depth of excavation for foundations is recommended to

minimize settlements due to drying shrinkage on one hand and up lift in
the portion of the covered area of the factory building due to increased
moisture in the highly plastic clay during and after good monsoon periods
and also due to migration of moisture towards the centre of the covered
area over a period of 4 to 5 years after construction. The effect of
moisture changes in highly plastic clay will be very significant up to a
depth of 3.5 m below the filled up ground level (below the original ground
-8-
level, if no filling is carried out). The uplift pressure in some of the highly
plastic clays can be of the order of 15 to 20 t/m 2. Therefore, a relatively larger
safe bearing capacity shall be considered in the case of very stiff to hard
highly plastic clays.
(xiii) After thorough compaction of the bottom of excavation, a layer of clean river
sand, 200 mm thickness, mixed with powder dry shell lime (with available
Calcium Oxide being not less than 60% and the amount of powder dry shell
lime being 20 % by volume of the sand) shall then be laid. The sand cushion
layer shall be at least 200 mm wider on each of the four sides of the column
footing/combined footings / raft foundation or on each of the two sides of
strip raft. The sand cushion layer shall be watered and well compacted.
(xiv) A list of some of a few sources of good quality lime and the tests to be conducted
on lime and some of the laboratories where these tests can be conducted are given
in Enclosure 1.
(xv) The lime powder shall be mixed with the sand just before placing it on the
compacted bottom of excavation.
(xvi) The addition of powder dry shell lime in the sand is intended to reduce the
plasticity of the underlying clay or sandy clay, which in turn will reduce the
shrinkage and swelling effects of the underlying clay or sandy clay. The Addition
of lime powder also helps to improve the strength of the clay or sandy clay.
(xvii) PCC for the foundations can be laid on the sand cushion, at 2.2 m depth below the
existing ground level.
(xviii) A safe bearing capacity of 20 t/m 2 is recommended under the foundations.

However, the width of any column footing or strip raft shall not be less than 1
m.
(xix) At the time of excavation for foundations, if ground water table occurs within the
recommended depth of excavation, sumps may be made to an additional depth of
0.3 m at one or more corners of the foundation pits for column footings/combined
footings or at desired locations along the periphery of excavation for strip raft/raft
foundation and the water collected in the sumps may be bailed out. At the time of
laying the sand cushion layer, the bottom of excavation shall be relatively dry (not
slushy). Dewatering shall be maintained until that part of the concrete in the
foundations, which comes below the ground water table level, sets.
(xx) The excavated clay of medium to high plasticity is not suitable for back
filling of foundations. It is recommended to use inert material such as sand
(river sand or m-sand) or gravel for back filling. Back filling shall be done in
layers of not more than 200 mm thickness. Each layer shall be well
compacted (mere spreading the back fill material for back filling is not
adequate. Layered compaction shall be done for back filling).
-9-
8.2 Alternative 2: Under-reamed piles
(xiii) Under-reamed piles, with a single bulb, of 4.5 m length including bucket
length, are recommended.
(xiv) A minimum shaft diameter of 300 mm (the corresponding bulb diameter will
be 750 mm) is recommended for all under-reamed piles.
(xv) The under-reamed piles shall be installed as per guide lines given in the
Indian Standard, IS: 2911 (Part-III), 1980 “Code of practice for design
and construction of pile foundations, Part-III Under-reamed piles”.
(xvi) Care shall be taken to prevent caving of pile bore, before concreting. This can
be achieved by either (i) using a casing pipe of at least 2 m length or (ii) by
using drilling mud, in circulation, as given in clause 6.4 of IS: 2911 (Part III)-
1980. Concreting shall be done using a tremie pipe.
(xvii) The safe capacity of the under-reamed piles can be taken equal to 1.25
times the values given in Table-1 of the Indian Standard, IS: 2911 (Part
III)-1980. The safe capacity of under-reamed piles of different shaft diameter
is reproduced below from Table–1 of the Indian Standard, along with the
recommended safe capacity for this site.
Shaft Diameter Bulb Diameter Safe capacity as per IS: Safe capacity recommended
2911 (Part III) for this site
375mm 937.5 mm 24 tonnes 30 tonnes
(xviii) At least M 20 grade concrete is recommended for the under-reamed piles.

All other requirements given in IS: 2911 (Part-III) shall be complied with.
(xix) It is desirable to use a pile group (of at least two piles in the group,
preferably 3 piles in the group) under each column, so that any
inadvertent eccentricity between the piles and the columns will be taken
care by the pile group as axial compression or axial upward force. The
minimum spacing in a pile group (centre to centre of piles) shall not be
less than one and a half times the bulb diameter, as stipulated in IS:
2911(Part III)-1980, Clause-5.2.7.2.
(xx) In case a single pile is adopted for a column, the column shall be grown
over the pile, in order to avoid any eccentric loading on the pile.
(xxi)It is necessary that an experienced contractor executes the under-reamed piles
with proven ability in installing under-reamed piles. It is desirable that at least
one initial test pile is installed for the purpose of evaluating the ability of the
-10-
contractor to install proper under-reamed piles and also to determine the

capacity of the pile for vertical load.
(xxii) After the initial test pile is load-tested, and the results analysed, regular piles
(working piles) may be installed. At least one working pile shall be load-tested
(routine pile load test).
(xxiii) The initial pile load test and the routine pile load test shall be carried out as per
guidelines given in Indian Standard, IS: 2911(Part-4)-1985 “Code of practice
for design and construction of pile foundations, Part-4: Load test on piles”.
(xxiv) The initial pile load test shall be carried out up to a “test load” of at least two
times the estimated safe load, preferably up to two and a half times the
estimated safe load. The routine pile load test on working pile shall be carried
out up to either a “test load” of one and a half times the design safe load or up
to a settlement of 12 mm whichever occurs first.
8.3 COMMON TO BOTH THE ALTERNATIVES
Floor settlements will occur due to the presence of soft to medium stiff clay
within the top 1 m depth and also the presence of clay of medium to high
plasticity for a large depth, even beyond 3 m depth. One of the methods to
minimize floor settlements is to excavate and remove the clay of medium to high
plasticity for a depth of at least 3 m and back fill with relatively inert material
such as sand (river sand or m-sand), well compacted in layers of 200 mm
compacted thickness as per guide lines given in Sl. No. 7 or Lime slurry injection
to alter the properties of the clay or RCC flooring may be designed for the
ground floor flooring. However, removal of large thickness of highly plastic clay
and also lime slurry injection will be very expensive and unreliable in terms of
proper implementation or not practicable. Therefore, RCC flooring is
recommended for the ground floor flooring.
(Prof. Dr. K. Muthukrishnaiah)

-11-
Fig. 1 : PLAN SHOWING BORE HOLE (BH) LOCATIONS
Project: The proposed Factory for Kriya design technologies at Oragadam

-12-
Depth below Nc N Depth
below
GL(m) GL(m)
0 0.0
29 16 Very stiff in the top 0.15 m, stiff from 0.15 m to 0.6 m, brown or dark
| | | brown SANDY CLAY of medium plasticity with gravel
  26 14 (CI + SC + G)
25 14 0.6
1 | | | 43 24

| | | 45 25
 83 46
| | | 87 48
2 
| | | 86 48 Stiff from 0.6 m to 0.8 m,
 89 49 very stiff from 0.8 m to 1.6 m,
| | | 101 56
hard from 1.6 m to 4.0 m,
  brown SANDY CLAY of high plasticity with gravel size
3 | | | 108 60 stone pieces beyond 2.1 m depth
 107 59 (CH + SC + G)
| | |
 
92 51
| | | 70 39
4  for for
| | | 15 15
  cm cm
| | |

5 | | |
 
5.25
Very hard stratum
(09.02.2015) Nc = Recorded Cone Penetration Resistance (CPR),

(Number of blows for 300 mm penetration)
N = Equivalent SPT Values
Ground Water Table was not met with, in any of the bore holes, during boring
Gravel Sand Silt Clay
Fig. 2: LOG OF BORE HOLE 1

-13-
below
GL(m) GL(m)
0 0.0
| | | 15 08 Stiff in the top 0.1 m,
  09 05 medium stiff from 0.1 m to 0.85 m,
| | | 16 09 very stiff from 0.85 m to 1.25 m,

1 37 21
medium stiff from 1.25 m to 1.35 m,
| | |
 
stiff from 1.35 m to 1.6 m,
20 11
| | | very stiff from 1.6 m to 2.4 m,

28 16 hard from 2.4 m to 2.75 m,
2
| | | 32 18 brown SANDY CLAY of border between high
  plasticity and medium plasticity with gravel size stone
42 23
| | | pieces beyond 1.5 m depth
 70 39
| | | 63 35
(CI / CH + SC + G)
for for 2.75
3
13 13
cm cm Very hard stratum


-14-
below
GL(m) GL(m)
0 0.0
| | | 20 11 Stiff, brown SANDY CLAY of medium plasticity (CI + SC)
 
18 10 0.3
| | |
  12 07
1 | | | 18 10

39 22 Stiff from 0.3 m to 0.55 m,
| | | medium stiff from 0.55 m to 1.05 m,
  57 32
| | | stiff from 1.05 m to 1.15 m,
47 26 very stiff from 1.15 m to 1.6 m,
2 
| | | 35 19 hard from 1.6 m to 1.85 m,
  33 18 very stiff from 1.85 m to 3.15 m,
| | | hard from 3.15 m to 3.45 m,
44 24
 very stiff from 3.45 m to 3.75 m,
3 | | | 55 31 hard from 3.75 m to 4.7 m,
  60 33 brown SANDY CLAY of border between high
| | | plasticity and medium plasticity (CI / CH + SC)
 61 34
| | | 87 48
4  
93 52
| | |
 142 79
| | | 93 52
  for for 4.7
5 14 14
cm cm Very hard stratum


-15-
below
GL(m) GL(m)
0 0.0
| | | 44 24
  44 24
| | | 41 23

1 46 26
| | |
  48 27
| | |
 
62 34
2
| | | 62 34 Very stiff in the top 1.55 m, hard from 1.55 m to 5.55 m,
 
76 42 brown SANDY CLAY of border between high plasticity
| | |
 82 46 and medium plasticity with gravel size stone pieces
| | | 140 78 (CI / CH + SC + G)
 
3 71 39
| | |
  72 40
| | | 62 34
 
92 51
| | |
4  122 68
| | | 98 54
 
116 64
| | |
  101 56
5 | | | 137 76
  60 33
| | | for for
 9 9
cm cm 5.55
Very hard stratum
6

Fig. 5 : LOG OF BORE HOLE 4

-16-
Table 1: RESULTS OF CONE PENETRATION TESTS
(No. OF BLOWS FOR EVERY 50 mm PENETRATION)
Project : The proposed Factory for Kriya design technologies at Oragadam
Depth (m) CPT-1 CPT-2 CPT-3 CPT-4

0.00-0.05 6 5 5 8
0.05-0.10 5 3 4 7
0.10-0.15 5 2 3 7
0.15-0.20 4 2 2 7
0.20-0.25 4 1 3 8
0.25-0.30 5 2 3 7
0.30-0.35 7 1 3 8
0.35-0.40 4 2 3 8
0.40-0.45 4 2 4 6
0.45-0.50 3 2 3 9
0.50-0.55 4 1 3 7
0.55-0.60 4 1 2 6
0.60-0.65 5 2 2 6
0.65-0.70 3 2 2 8
0.70-0.75 4 2 3 7
0.75-0.80 3 3 2 6
0.80-0.85 5 2 1 6
0.85-0.90 5 5 2 8
0.90-0.95 7 6 1 9
0.95-1.00 7 7 2 8
1.00-1.05 7 7 2 9
1.05-1.10 8 5 4 7
1.10-1.15 7 6 4 7
1.15-1.20 7 6 5 6
1.20-1.25 8 5 5 7
1.25-1.30 8 2 6 8
1.30-1.35 7 2 7 10
1.35-1.40 8 4 7 9
1.40-1.45 8 3 7 7
1.45-1.50 6 4 7 7
1.50-1.55 7 3 8 7
1.55-1.60 9 3 7 10
1.60-1.65 11 6 14 9
1.65-1.70 11 7 11 13
1.70-1.75 22 4 9 10
1.75-1.80 23 5 8 13
1.80-1.85 18 5 11 14
1.85-1.90 15 6 9 9
1.90-1.95 15 5 7 8
1.95-2.00 13 6 7 9
2.00-2.05 14 5 7 10
2.05-2.10 12 5 6 12
2.10-2.15 10 6 6 13
2.15-2.20 7 6 7 11
2.20-2.25 13 7 6 13
2.25-2.30 18 7 6 13
2.30-2.35 20 8 5 13
2.35-2.40 18 8 5 13
-17-
Table 1 contd..
2.40-2.45 16 12 7 9
2.45-2.50 14 18 8 9
2.50-2.55 12 11 5 9
2.55-2.60 17 9 3 10
2.60-2.65 16 10 4 20
2.65-2.70 14 10 6 25
2.70-2.75 18 8 6 28
2.75-2.80 19 30* 8 30
2.80-2.85 15 25 for 3 cm* 8 35
2.85-2.90 17 7 24
2.90-2.95 16 7 14
2.95-3.00 16 8 9
3.00-3.05 17 8 8
3.05-3.10 18 8 16
3.10-3.15 17 9 12
3.15-3.20 18 8 12
3.20-3.25 19 10 13
3.25-3.30 19 12 10
3.30-3.35 13 13 10
3.35-3.40 15 11 13
3.40-3.45 18 11 12
3.45-3.50 22 9 14
3.50-3.55 23 8 13
3.55-3.60 16 8 10
3.60-3.65 17 8 10
3.65-3.70 15 9 10
3.70-3.75 13 7 9
3.75-3.80 14 10 10
3.80-3.85 15 13 11
3.85-3.90 18 14 12
3.90-3.95 19 14 15
3.95-4.00 21 16 16
4.00-4.05 30* 15 14
4.05-4.10 14 17
4.10-4.15 14 13
4.15-4.20 14 17
4.20-4.25 14 32
4.25-4.30 15 19
4.30-4.35 16 17
4.35-4.40 17 19
4.40-4.45 15 18
4.45-4.50 16 17
4.50-4.55 16 15
4.55-4.60 18 16
4.60-4.65 18 18
4.65-4.70 22 16
4.70-4.75 36* 18
4.75-4.80 32* 15
* Very hard stratum

-18-
Table 1 contd..
4.80-4.85 33* 26
4.85-4.90 35* 20
4.90-4.95 25 for 4 cm* 21
4.95-5.00 21
5.00-5.05 14
5.05-5.10 14
5.10-5.15 16
5.15-5.20 16
5.20-5.25 17
5.25-5.30 19
5.30-5.35 18
5.35-5.40 15
5.40-5.45 17
5.45-5.50 19
5.50-5.55 18
5.55-5.60 25*
5.60-5.65 28*
5.65-5.70 30*
5.70-5.75 35*
5.75-5.80 25 for 4 cm*
* Very hard stratum

-19-
Table 2: COMPARISON OF RESULTS OF CONE PENETRATION TESTS

(No. OF BLOWS FOR EVERY 300 mm PENETRATION)
Cone Penetration Resistance

* Depth (m) (CPR) = No. of blows for 300 mm Equivalent SPT Values
penetration
CPT-1 CPT-2 CPT-3 CPT-4 CPT-1 CPT-2 CPT-3 CPT-4
0.0-0.3 29 15 20 44 16 08 11 24
0.3-0.6 26 09 18 44 14 05 10 24
0.6-0.9 25 16 12 41 14 09 07 23
0.9-1.2 43 37 18 46 24 21 10 26
1.2-1.5 45 20 39 48 25 11 22 27
1.5-1.8 83 28 57 62 46 16 32 34
1.8-2.1 87 32 47 62 48 18 26 34
2.1-2.4 86 42 35 76 48 23 19 42
2.4-2.7 89 70 33 82 49 39 18 46
2.7-3.0 101 63 for 44 140 56 35 for 24 78
13 cm* 13 cm*
3.0-3.3 108 55 71 60 31 39
3.3-3.6 107 60 72 59 33 40
3.6-3.9 92 61 62 51 34 34
3.9-4.2 70 for 87 92 39 for 48 51
15 cm* 15 cm*
4.2-4.5 93 122 52 68
4.5-4.8 142 98 79 54
4.8-5.1 93 for 116 52 for 64
14 cm* 14 cm*
5.1-5.4 101 56
5.4-5.7 137 76
5.7-6.0 60 for 33 for
9 cm* 9 cm*
Date of 09.02.2015
test
Very hard stratum
Table-3: COMPARISON OF SUBSOIL CONDITIONS AND CONE PENETRATION RESISTANCE IN THE FOUR BORE HOLES
Date of Soil investigation: 09.02.2015 Ground Water Table was not met with, in any of the bore holes, during boring
Depth Visual identification of Visual identification of Visual identification of Visual identification of
CPT-1 CPT-2 CPT-3 CPT-4
(m) soil sample Bore Hole-1 soil sample Bore Hole-2 soil sample Bore Hole-3 soil sample Bore Hole-4
GL Dark brown gravelly sandy Brown sandy clay of Brown sandy clay of Brown sandy clay of
clay of medium plasticity medium to high plasticity medium plasticity medium to high plasticity
(CI + SC + G) (CI / CH + SC) (CI + SC) with gravel size stone pieces
(CI /CH + SC + G)
29 15 20 44
0.3 Brown sandy clay of - do - Brown clay of medium to - do -
medium plasticity (CI + SC) high plasticity
(CI / CH + SC)
26 09 18 44
0.6 - do - high plasticity - do - - do - - do -
(CH + SC)
25 16 12 41
0.9 - do - - do - - do - - do -
-20-
43 37 18 46
1.2 - do - - do - - do - - do -
45 20 39 48
1.5 - do - - do - with gravel size stone - do - - do -
pieces (CI / CH + SC + G)
83 28 57 62
1.8 - do - - do - no stone pieces - do - - do -
(CI / CH + SC)
87 32 47 62
2.1 - do - with gravel size stone - do - - do - - do -
pieces (CH + SC + G)
86 42 35 76
2.4 - do - - do - with gravel size stone - do - - do -
pieces (CI / CH + SC + G)
89 70 33 82
Table-3Contd…
Depth Visual identification of Visual identification of Visual identification of Visual identification of
CPT-1 CPT-2 CPT-3 CPT-4
(m) soil sample Bore Hole-1 soil sample Bore Hole-2 soil sample Bore Hole-3 soil sample Bore Hole-4
2.7 Brown sandy clay of high Brown sandy clay of Brown clay of medium to Brown sandy clay of
plasticity with gravel size medium to high plasticity high plasticity medium to high plasticity
stone pieces (CH + SC + G) with gravel size stone pieces (CI / CH + SC) with gravel size stone pieces
(CI / CH + SC + G) (CI /CH + SC + G)
101 63 for 44 140
13 cm*
3.0 - do - Brown clay of high Brown sandy clay of high
plasticity (CH + SC) plasticity with gravel size
stone pieces
(CH + SC + G)
108 55 71
3.3
107 60 72
3.6
92 61 62
3.9
70 for 87 92
-21-
15 cm*
4.2
93 122
4.5
142 98
4.8
93 for 116
14 cm*
5.1
101
5.4
137
5.7
60 for 9
cm*
6.0
* Very hard stratum
Table 4: RESULTS OF LABORATORY SOIL TESTING
Bore Hole No.:1 Date of Soil investigation: 09.02.2015 Ground Water Table was not met with, in any the bore holes, during boring
Depth of sample (m)
(Type)Type of sample
Natural Moisture Content
Liquid Limit
Plastic Limit
Plasticity Index
(4.75 mm) to 80 mm)Gravel size fraction
(2.00 mm to 4.75 mm)Coarse sand fraction
(0.425 mm to 2.00 mm)Medium sand fraction
(0.075 mm to 0.425 mm)Fine sand fraction
(less than 0.075 mm)Silt size and clay size fraction

Visual Identification of soil
GL DR 08 11 08 12 61
-22-
Dark brown gravelly sandy clay of medium plasticity (CI + SC + G)
0.3 DR Brown sandy clay of medium plasticity (CI + SC)
0.6 DR - do - high plasticity (CH + SC) 47 06 41
0.9 DR - do -
1.2 DR - do -
1.5 DR - do -
1.8 DR - do - 53 06 47
2.1 DR - do - with gravel size stone pieces (CH + SC + G)
2.4 DR - do -
2.7 DR - do -
3.0 DR - do - 55 10 45
GL = Ground Level, DR = Disturbed but Representative soil samples
-23-
Depth of sample (m)
Plasticity Index

Liquid Limit
Plastic Limit

GL DR Brown sandy clay of medium to high plasticity (CI / CH + SC)

0.3 DR - do -
0.6 DR - do -
0.9 DR - do - 49 15 34
1.2 DR - do -
1.5 DR - do - with gravel size stone pieces (CI / CH + SC + G)
1.8 DR - do - no stone pieces (CI / CH + SC)
2.1 DR - do -
2.4 DR - do - with gravel size stone pieces (CI / CH + SC + G) 49 09 40
2.7 DR Brown sandy clay of medium to high plasticity with gravel size stone pieces
(CI / CH + SC + G)
Depth of sample (m)
Plasticity Index

Liquid Limit
Plastic Limit

-24-
GL DR Brown sandy clay of medium plasticity (CI + SC)
0.3 DR Brown clay of medium to high plasticity (CI / CH + SC)
0.6 DR - do -
0.9 DR - do -
1.2 DR - do - 49 18 31
1.5 DR - do -
1.8 DR - do -
2.1 DR - do -
2.4 DR - do -
2.7 DR - do -
3.0 DR Brown clay of high plasticity (CH + SC) 52 14 38

Depth of sample (m)
Liquid Limit
Plastic Limit
Plasticity Index

-25-
GL DR Brown sandy clay of medium to high plasticity with gravel size stone pieces
(CI /CH + SC + G)
0.3 DR - do -
0.6 DR - do -
0.9 DR - do -
1.2 DR - do - 47 20 27
1.5 DR - do -
1.8 DR - do -
2.1 DR - do -
2.4 DR - do -
2.7 DR - do -
3.0 DR Brown sandy clay of high plasticity with gravel size stone pieces 51 23 28
(CH + SC + G)
GL = Ground Level, DR = Disturbed but Representative soil sample

-26-
- Enclosure:1
List of some of the Good Sources of Lime with CaO more than 60%
1. P. G. Elumalai Nayagar & Sons

Plot No. 11, Chunnambu Kalavai Road
Korukkupet, Chennai-600 021
9444031551
2. Shri. Krishnamoorthy
Sree Srinivasa Agencies
No. 1, Ekambara Naicker Industrial Estate
Arcot Road, Alapakkam
Chennai 600 116
9444 28 3828, 94441 57703
3. KAYCEE INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS Pvt.Ltd
111 / 33, E - 1, Main Road, State Bank Colony,
Tuticorin - 628002
Phone: 0461-2347908 Fax: 0461-2348247
Tests to be conducted on lime powder:

1. Total Calcium oxide as CaO
2. Available calcium oxide as CaO
3. Loss on ignition @ 1000 Deg. C
List of some of the laboratories for chemical analysis of lime powder
Italab Private Ltd., Shri. N.D. Panchal

New No. 338 (Old No. 165) Mob: 94440 25021
Lotus Court 3rd Floor, Ph: 2535 9479, 2535 9480, 4203
Opp. To High Court, 7626
Thambu Chetty Street,
Parry’s
Chennai-600 001
SGS India Pvt Ltd., Phone: 2496 3099/ 2496 3075/

1/509 A, Opp. to Govt. School 6669 3000, 6669 3001, 6669
Rajiv Gandhi Salai, 3002
Old Mahabalipuram Road, 6669 3027
Thoraipakkam,
Chennai-600 096
M/s.Ambiente Lab Solutions Private ltd Tel:42716225

Old no.7, New no.14 Shanmuga Naicker Street
K K Nagar, Chennai 600 078
(Prof. Dr. K. Muthukrishnaiah)

T81 Rep Kriya Med Oragadam 140215

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KM Mobile: 98401 - 03900

FOUNDATION CONSULTANTS Tele Fax: 044- 4285 4259

Dear Shri Krishnaraghavan,

Ref: 1. Your Purchase Order No. 001/KMT/2014-15, dt. 04.02.2015 on KM Foundation

With warm regards,

Encl: a/a (Prof. Dr. K. Muthukrishnaiah)

Project : THE PROPOSED FACTORY FOR KRIYA

Title : SUBSOIL INVESTIGATION AND

Client : M/s. Kriya Medical Technologies

Prof. Dr. K. MUTHUKRISHNAIAH

Sl. No. Description Page

3. LABORATORY SOIL TESTING

(ii) The sandy clay is:

5. GROUND WATER TABLE

6. ANALYSIS FOR SUITABLE TYPE OF FOUNDATIONS

Taking into account:

(ii) A very hard stratum at a depth of 5.25 m at bore hole 1

Two alternate types of foundations are recommended, namely,

(i) Individual column footings or

6.1 Alternative-1: individual column footings

(ii) A relatively large depth of excavation for foundations is recommended to

pressure in some of the highly plastic clays can be of the order of 15 to 20

(viii) A safe bearing capacity of 20 t/m2 is recommended under the foundations.

6.2 Alternative 2: Under-reamed piles

(ix) It is necessary that an experienced contractor executes the under-reamed piles

6.3 COMMON TO BOTH THE ALTERNATIVES

7. GUIDELINES FOR FILL MATERIAL AND GUIDELINES FOR FILLING TO

Table2.1 Control Tests on Borrow Materials

S. No Test Test Method Minimum desirable frequency

Table2.2 Tests for Compaction Control

8. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUITABLE TYPE OF

Two alternate types of foundations are recommended, namely,

(iii) Individual column footings or

8.1 Alternative-1: individual column footings

(xii) A relatively large depth of excavation for foundations is recommended to

(xviii) A safe bearing capacity of 20 t/m 2 is recommended under the foundations.

8.2 Alternative 2: Under-reamed piles

(xviii) At least M 20 grade concrete is recommended for the under-reamed piles.

contractor to install proper under-reamed piles and also to determine the

8.3 COMMON TO BOTH THE ALTERNATIVES

(Prof. Dr. K. Muthukrishnaiah)

Project: The proposed Factory for Kriya design technologies at Oragadam

(09.02.2015) Nc = Recorded Cone Penetration Resistance (CPR),

Gravel Sand Silt Clay

Fig. 2: LOG OF BORE HOLE 1

(09.02.2015) Nc = Recorded Cone Penetration Resistance (CPR),

Gravel Sand Silt Clay

Fig. 3: LOG OF BORE HOLE 2

(09.02.2015) Nc = Recorded Cone Penetration Resistance (CPR),

Gravel Sand Silt Clay

Fig. 4: LOG OF BORE HOLE 3

(09.02.2015) Nc = Recorded Cone Penetration Resistance (CPR),

Gravel Sand Silt Clay

Fig. 5 : LOG OF BORE HOLE 4

Project : The proposed Factory for Kriya design technologies at Oragadam

Depth (m) CPT-1 CPT-2 CPT-3 CPT-4

* Very hard stratum

* Very hard stratum

Table 2: COMPARISON OF RESULTS OF CONE PENETRATION TESTS

Project : The proposed Factory for Kriya design technologies at Oragadam

Cone Penetration Resistance

Project : The proposed Factory for Kriya design technologies at Oragadam

Table 4: RESULTS OF LABORATORY SOIL TESTING

Project: The proposed Factory for Kriya design technologies at Oragadam