INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION OF GREEN BUILDING & ITS BENIFIT

1.1 BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING
1.1.1 Environmental Benefits
1.1.2 Economical Benefits
1.1.3 Social Benefits

1.2 HEADING

2 SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL FOR G.B. & ITS ADVANTAGES

2.1 WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL

2.2 ADVANTAGES OF SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL

2.2.1 Low Maintainance & Operation Cost
2.2.2 Energy Efficiency
2.2.3 Enhances Indoor Environmental Quality
2.2.4 Water Efficiency
2.2.5 Better Health
2.2.6 Material Efficiency
2.2.7 Better Environment
2.2.8 Reduces Strain On Local Resources

3. LIST OF SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL FOR G.B

3.1 LIST OF SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL
3.1.1 Sustainable Concrete
3.1.2 Solar Tiles
3.1.3 Bamboo Replacing Steel Reinforcement
3.1.4 Insulating Material
3.1.5 Exterior Siding
3.1.6 Interior Finishing
3.1.7 Heating & Air Conditioning
 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX – A. POWER POINT SLIDES

 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

ABSTRACT
Materials are the essential components of buildings construction. Chemical, physical
and mechanical Properties of materials as well as an appropriate design are
accountable of the building mechanical strength. The design of green buildings
should thus begin with the selection and use of eco-friendly materials with related or
better features than traditional building materials. Building materials are usually
selected through functional, technical and financial requirements. However, with
sustainability as a crucial issue in the last decades, the building sector, directly or
indirectly causing a considerable portion of the annual environmental deterioration,
can take up the obligation to contribute to sustainable development by finding more
environmentally benign methods of construction and building. Among the directions
for solutions is to be found in new material applications, recycling and reuse,
sustainable production of products or use of green resources, Careful selection of
eco-friendly sustainable building materials may be the fastest way for builders to
start integrating sustainable design concepts in buildings. Ordinarily, price has been
the primary consideration when comparing related materials or materials selected
for similar purpose.

CHAPTER -1
 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

1. INTRODUCTION

An extensive amount of energy is consumed to heat and power our buildings. This
energy is mainly generated from burning fossil fuels like oil, coal and natural gas that
let out huge amounts of Carbon Dioxide (CO2), the most widespread greenhouse gas.
There are also other ways in which buildings emit Greenhouse Gases (GHG), like
construction debris in landfills generating methane and manufacturing of building
materials causing GHG emissions.

In India, the construction sector is growing at a rate of 9%, causing a rapid rise in
energy demand in urban areas where buildings alone contribute about 40% of the
total GHG emissions. Hence it becomes imperative to reduce the energy use and
GHG emissions produced by buildings so that the pace of global climate change has
a slowdown.

Energy efficient buildings or green buildings address the above concerns and save
energy by about 40%.

Green buildings too are constructed using a variety of materials. The only difference
being that - The materials come packed with a great deal of energy-efficiency.
Therefore, green buildings not only minimize the use of non-renewable resources,
but also maximize the reuse, recycling and utilization of renewable resources.

AIS products can help architects achieve LEED/IGBC or GRIHA certification for
their projects in a number of areas such as energy performance, recycled content,
regional material, daylight and views.

Green building refers to a buildings which are built and use using process that
is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout its life-cycle: it
shall foster from cradle to grave inception to design, construction, operation,
 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

maintenance, renovation, reuse, refurbish and demolition. This practice expands and
complements with the classical building design that are concerns with economy,
safety, utility, durability, and comfort. Building and construction, land development,
local, urban and regional planning, provision of services; all these are inextricably
linked in the web of urban formation. By considering all components sequentially
parallel, each facilities and supports the successful implementation of the other.

Green buildings also known as green construction or sustainable building are

becoming increasingly a norm for both residential and commercial buildings. The
high demand for green design spurs greater than ever as world consciousness for the
environment and sustainability. In many cases, green structures may provide a lower
lifetime cost alternative to conventional building methods. Although green
technology is more expensive than traditional technologies, it has the potential to
have a shorter return of investment due to significant reduced of utility bills. With the
current economic condition, cost-effective designs will certainly drive the market
forward. The idea of green design is still a new concept. Therefore, the definition of
what is, and what is not green has sometimes confusing.

There are various techniques which can be use to make the structure as a
Energy efficient, Cost efficient, thermal efficient. They are 1) Aluminium foamwork
system (Mivan construction), 2) Advanced Energy efficient glass (E- Glass), 3)
Green Wall, 4) White roofing technology, 5) Solar Panel Installation.

1.2. Specific Aim :-

To find out the possible way to integrate the advance technologies in green building
and asses how the integration of advancd technology in structural design can help to
reduce the energy use, improve the environment and enhance the living quality in
minimum cost.
1.3. Objective :-
 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

i) To find out the provisions of integrating advanced technologies in green building

design.

ii) Analyze their impacts on energy consumption and living environment.

iii) Explore the procedures of structuring the different ways of incorporating various
technologies.

iv) Suggest some alternative solutions to eliminate the drawbacks and propose some
guidelines for good practice to make it viable economically, socially and
environmentally.

1.4. Rational of thesis :-

The Green Building movement is gaining strength in many countries. Developers,

especially governments and local authorities, often set the trend by commissioning
buildings built to recognized ‘green building’ standards. The main motivation in
building to such standards is that ‘green buildings’ are much more energy efficient
than conventional buildings and consequently, cost less to run. However, there are
other factors that motivate developers to adopt ‘green building’ standards, including a
desire to enhance their image as responsible corporate citizens or employers, or to
increase the lettable income from the buildings.

If we think of the idea of green skyscraper, we can find this is economically

sustainable, as the main concept is to reduce the energy uses. Green concept is
necessary for environmental sustainability as it reduces energy consumption, help to
prevent the destruction of ecology and energy resources and socially sustainable for
providing its users a more comfortable and healthy living and working environment.

1.5 Methodology :-

This thesis is based on the existing research from literature reviews, documented
analysis and information from website, reports, and case studies. The tranquil data
for more valid results are taken from various fact sheets. Some of the figures and
tables stated and analyzed here are also taken from secondary sources.

The aim was set for asses the contribution of advanced technologies in green
building design In chapter one, as described in chapter one. The objectives were
decided to breakdown the process of assessment stated in the ‘Aim’. Chapter three
describes the Green Building Rating system. There are various organizations in
different countries to provide the guidelines for “Green Building” System. The
 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

information was collected from the respective Governments’ and Organization’s web
sites.
Here the LEED points for green roof, green wall and biofilter design are described. A
suggestion for more options is made for improving the guidelines as well. In Chapter
three, the possible options for integrating plants in skyscraper design is introduced
with examples. Whereas Chapter four emphasizes on the information of the benefits
of the options found for plant incorporation. Positive outcomes are analyzed for the
process and drawbacks are referred for more research. Than the installation
technology of the green roof, green wall, biofilter and indoor planting provisions are
presented in Chapter five, with appropriate examples, studies and figures. Chapter six
includes the case studies of ecological skyscraper practiced by Architect Ken Yeang,
and also the buildings recently designed with green roof, green wall, indoor plants
and biofilter, along with the analysis about their contribution on energy consumption,
environment and society. The discussion and some extendedrecommendation with
sketches are given in Chapter seven, for skyscraper design to eliminate some of the
drawbacks, and to make them appropriate for introducing in skyscraper form. A
number of guidelines are also proposed for the best practice and at the end the
conclusion is given to state the fulfillment of the requirements of the thesis work.

For the analysis the descriptive process are followed with the help of figures, graphs
and tables, to find out the optimum possible ways to incorporating plants and the
reason behind to take these options. Same process is followed for benefit analysis.
Based on the analysis the recommendations are made for integrating those options
into skyscraper design in the aim to make these tall buildings fit into the ‘Green
movement’.

CHAPTER -2
1) LITERATURE SURVEY
 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

CHAPTER -3
GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSYTEM
A green building rating system is an evaluation tool that measures environmental
performance of a building through its life cycle. It usually comprises of a set of
criteria covering various parameters related to design, construction and operation of
a green building. Rating programmes would help projects to address all aspects
related to environment and are an effective tool to measure the performance of the
building / project.
Two rating systems are followed in India :-
 LEED India (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design)
 GRIHA – (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) National Rating
System
 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

IGBC which is a part of CII-Godrej GBC, has taken on the initiative of promoting
the Green Building Concept in India. The council is represented by all stakeholders
of the Construction Industry-Corporate, Government & Nodal agencies, Architects,
Material manufacturers, Institutions, etc.
As part of indigenization of the LEED rating system, IGBC has been working on
LEED – India for the past three years.
LEED India was formally launched in October 2006 but became operational from
January 2007.
LEED-India has incorporated few changes like more emphasis on water conservation
and adoption of local Indian codes and standards like NBC guidelines, MoEF
guidelines for large projects, CPCB norms for DG set emissions, ECBC for energy
efficiency, etc.
LEED® India
The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED-INDIA) Green
Building Rating System is a nationally and internationally accepted benchmark for
the design, construction and operation of high performance green buildings.
LEED-INDIA promotes a whole-building approach to sustainability by recognizing
performance in the following five key areas:
 Sustainable site development
 Water savings
 Energy efficiency
 Materials selection and
 Indoor environmental quality
Specific LEED-INDIA programs include:
LEED® India for New Construction (LEED® India NC)
Certification Level Points
LEED – Certified 26 - 32
LEED - Silver 33 - 38
LEED - Gold 39 - 51
LEED - Platinum 52 or more

LEED® India for Core and Shell (LEED® India CS)

Certification Level Points
 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

LEED – Certified 23 - 27
LEED - Silver 28 - 33
LEED - Gold 34 - 44
LEED - Platinum 45 - 61

IGBC, in its endeavour to extend green building concepts to all building types has
developed the following rating programmes to cover commercial, residential, factory
buildings, SEZ etc
Specific IGBC programs include:
 IGBC Green Homes
 IGBC Green SEZ
 IGBC Green Factory Building

IGBC Green Homes Rating System

Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) Green Homes is the first rating programme
developed in India, exclusively for the residential sector.

Individual Homes
Certification Level Points
LEED – Certified 32 - 39
LEED - Silver 40 - 46
LEED - Gold 47 - 54
LEED - Platinum 55 - 74

Multi-dwelling Units
Certification Level Points
LEED – Certified 30 - 37
LEED - Silver 38 - 44
LEED - Gold 45 - 52
LEED - Platinum 53 - 75
 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

IGBC along with the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoCI) has prepared the
Green SEZ guidelines. The objective of IGBC Green SEZ is to facilitate the creation
of energy efficient, water efficient, healthy, comfortable and environ- mentally
friendly SEZ.
IGBC Green Factory Building rating system
IGBC Green Factories rating system is the first of its kind addressing sustainability in industrial buildings. The
programme is fundamentally designed to address national priorities and quality of life for factory workmen.
Certification Points
Level
LEED – 51 - 60
Certified
LEED - Silver 61 - 70
LEED - Gold 71 - 80
LEED - 81 -
Platinum 100

GRIHA
GRIHA, an acronym for Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment, is the
National Rating System of India. It has been conceived by TERI and developed
jointly with the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India. It is a
green building 'design evaluation system', and is suitable for all kinds of buildings in
different climatic zones of the country.
The rating applies to new building stock – Commercial, Institutional and Residential
types of varied functions. It is endorsed by the Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy, Government of India as of November 7, 2007.
GRIHA is a five star rating system for green buildings which emphasises on passive solar techniques for
optimizing indoor visual and thermal comfort.
% Point Rating
Scored
50 - 60 One Star
61 - 70 Two Star
71 - 80 Three
Star
81 - 90 Four Star
91 - 100 Five Star
 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

The rating system evaluates certain credit points using a prescriptive approach and
other credits on a performance based approach. The rating system is evolved so as to
be comprehensive and at the same time user-friendly.
While LEED/IGBC or GRIHA does not certify specific building (glass) products, it
does recognize that the selection of glass products plays a significant role in fulfilling
LEED/IGBC or GRIHA point requirements.

 Following are the Advanced technologies which can be used for Green building
design to make it as Energy efficient Structure :-

CHAPTER -4
ALLUMINIUM FOAMWORK SYSTEM

4.1. Introduction :-

 This is one of the systems identified to be very much suitable for Indian
conditions for mass construction, where quality and speed can be achieved at
high level.
 The speed of construction by this system will surpass speed of most of the other
construction methods/technologies.
 The labour handles this method effectively to speed up the construction, to assure
quality control and durability. Adoption of this system reduces overall cost of the
structure.

4.2. Technology :-
 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

Aluminium Formwork System is highly suited to load bearing wall construction

whereas traditional formwork consisting of plywood and timber is not suitable to the
high pressures of fresh concrete on the wall.
 COST: Use of this formwork in load bearing design gives an average of 15 per
cent cost saving in the structure of the building and increased usable floor space
of 8 per cent over RCC design.

 TIME: For 100 per cent work, construction through slab beam wall construction
takes X time and through Aluminium Formwork technology the time required is
1/6th of the X time.

 ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY: The technology is environment friendly as

there is no use of timber. The formwork gives the box or cellular design resulting
in the walls giving support to the super structure in two directions. As a result,
the structures are more resistant to earthquakes than the traditional RCC column
and beam designs.

 LIFTING: As the Aluminium Formwork is lightweight, no tower cranes are

required for the same unlike in tunnel framework.

 LABOURS: Due to simplicity of the assembly, only unskilled labours are

required with minimal supervision.

 REPETITIONS: The Aluminum Formwork System is removable and can be

reused hundreds of times with little maintenance.

 SCRAP VALUE: Moreover, the requirement of steel is also reduced in this

technology as aluminum has a higher scrap value.

4.3. Necessity of the Aluminum Form work System :-

 Rapid urbanization has resulted in a geometric increase in the housing demand,

which cannot be fulfilled using conventional materials and methods of
construction.
 The traditional or conventional method of construction for mass housing &
high rise buildings is comparatively, a slow process and has limited quality
control, particularly when a large size project is involved.
 It is therefore obligatory to work out a method or a scheme where the speed
and quality of construction are controlled automatically by a systematic
approach.
 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

 Therefore Aluminium Formwork System (AFS) identified to be suitable for

Indian conditions for mass housing construction where quality and speed can
be maintained at a reasonably high level.

4.4. Aluminum Formwork-Project cycle :-

4.5. Advantages :-
 NO Plastering required.

 Savings on overhead expenses due to speedy construction (4 days per floor).

 Monolithic crack free structures.

 Doesn't require timber or plywood for construction activities.

 Casting of walls and slabs possible simultaneously.

 Doesn't require skilled labour.

 Floor slab forms removed without moving props.

 Earthquake resistance of resulting structures increases manifold.

 The Formwork is specifically designed to allow rapid construction on all types

of architectural layouts.

 Total system forms the complete concrete structure.

 Custom-designed to suit project requirements.

 Unsurpassed construction speed .

 High quality finish.

 Eliminates plastering, saves almost 50 percent construction time.

 The system becomes cost effective where there is considerable repetition of

floor layouts on a project such as in the case of low cost mass housing.

 Panels can be re used up to 280 times.

 Erected using unskilled labour.

 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

 Requires no cranes or heavy lifting equipment.

 Suitable for low as well as high rise buildings.

 No need to use any timber or plywood.

4.6. Disadvantages :-

 Initial high investment.

 Compares very poorly on modifications, against brick work constructions.
 Fear of theft of valuable Aluminium Extrusions & sheets & hence kit not
being complete at critical stages of construction.
 Mass Housing projects are not as high for investing in large number of
Aluminium Formwork.

4.7.RELATIVE COMPARISON OF IN–SITU ALUMINIUM FORM

SYSTEM WITH CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION :-

S. FACTO CONVENTIONAL IN – SITU ALUMINIUM REMARKS

N R FORM SYSTEM
o
1 Quality Normal Superior. In – Situ casting of Superior quality
whole structure and transverse in “System
walls done in a continuous housing”
operation, using controlled
concrete mixers obtained from
central batching, mixing plants
and mechanically placed
through concrete buckets using
crane and compacted in leak
proof moulds using high
frequency vibrators
2 Speed of The pace of In this system, the walls and System
construc construction is slow floors are cast together in one construction is
tion. due to step – by – continuous operation in matter much faster.
step completion of of few hours and in built
different stages of accelerated curing overnight
activity the masonry enable removal and re-use of
is required to be laid forms on daily cycle basis.
brick by brick.
Erection of
formwork, concreting
and deshuttering
forms is a two – week
 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

cycle. The plastering

and other finishing
activities can
commence only
thereafter.

3 Asthetics In the case of RCC The Room – Sized wall panels

structural framework and the ceiling elements cast
of column and beams against steel plates have smooth
with partition brick finishing and the interiors have
walls is used for neat and clean lines without
construction, the unsightly projections in various
columns and beams corners. The walls and ceilings
show unsightly also have smooth even surfaces,
projections in room which only need colour/white
interiors. wash

4 External Cement plastered Textured / pattern coloured Permanent facia

finishes. brickwork, painted concrete facia can be provided. finishes feasible
with cement – based This will need no frequent with minor
paint. Finishing needs repainting.
extra initial cost
painting every in
three years.
Consumption of basic raw materials

5 Cement. Normal Consumption somewhat more Although

Reinforci Reinforcing steel than that used in conventional greater
ng Steel required is less as structures. consumption
compared to the in It may, however will be slightly
strength and
situ construction as more than corresponding load –
RCC framework uses bearing brick wall construction durability is
brick wall as for which, requirements of IS also more.
alternative 456 have to be followed for
system housing. Steel
requirement is
more, as it is
required for the
shear wall
construction.
But shear wall
construction
increases safety
against
 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

6 Mainte In maintenance The walls and ceiling being It can be

nance cost, the major smooth and high quality concluded that
expenditure is concrete repairs for maintenance
involved due to : plastering and leakage’s are cost is
 Repairs and not at all required negligible.
maintenance of frequently.
plaster of walls /
ceiling etc.
 Painting of
outer and inner
walls.
Leakages due to
plumbing and
sanitation
installation.

4.8. COMPARATIVE OF CONCRETE WALL, BRICK WALL &

BLOCKWORK WALL:-

Floor to = 3.15 m
Floor
Height
Slab = 0.15 m
Thickne
ss
Beam = 0.6 m
depth
Beam = 0.2 m
width
Length = 6 m
of Wall
Thickne = 0.15 m
ss of
Wall

Concrete Wall :-
Height of 2.55 M
Wall

Quantities Material Material Labour Labour

rates cost rates cost
Volume of cum 2.3 3800 8721 100 229.5
Concrete
 INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING

Kg 0.28 5300 1459.62 3000 826.2

Sqm 31.4 100 3136.5 160 5018.4

Total in 13,317 6,074 19,391

RS
Please note: Aluminium Formwork material rate considered for 100 repetations

Blockwork Wall :-

Brickwork Wall :-
INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN GREEN BUILDING