Classnote 524d3b1097845

PHYSICS
By N.K.C. SIR
CENTRE OF MASS
MOMENTUM
&
COLLISION
CONTENTS
KEY CONCEPT ............................................................. Page –2
OBJECTIVE QUESTION BANK...................................... Page –4
SUBJECTIVE ................................................................ Page –27
ANSWER KEY ............................................................... Page –34

KEY CONCEPT
The action of force with respect to time is defined in terms of Impulse, that is,
I = ∫ Fdt = mvf – mvi =∆p
In the absence of a net external force, the momentum of a system is conserved.

dP
i.e. = Fext = 0
dt
p = p1 + p2 + ............+ pN = constant
1. Collision is a kind of interaction between two or more bodies which come in contact with each other for
a very short time interval.
2. Types of collision: Elastic and Inelastic
Collisions may be either elastic or inelastic. Linear momentum is conserved in both cases.
(i) A perfectly elastic collision is defined as one in which the total kinetic energy of the system is conserved.
(ii) In an inelastic collision, the total kinetic energy of the system changes.
(iii) In a completely inelastic collision, the two bodies couple or stick togehter.
3. Coefficient of Restitution : It is defined as the ratio of the velocity of separation to the velocity of
approach of the two colliding bodies.
rel. velocity of separation
e = rel. velocity of approach
For a perfectly elastic collision, e = 1

For an inelastic collision, 0 < e < 1
For completely inelastic collision, e = 0
Note that the velocity of approach and the velocity of separation are always taken along the normal to
the striking surface.
CENTRE OF MASS
1. Discrete System : The position vector of the centre of mass is
m1r1 + m 2 r2 + ......... + m n rn
rc = m1 + m 2 + .........m n
r r r
where r1, r2 ,..., rn are the position vectors of masses m1, m2, ...., mn respectively.
The components of the position vector of centre of mass are defined as
xc =
∑ mixi ; yc =
∑ mi yi ; zc =
∑ mi z i
M M M
2. Continuous system : The centre of mass of a continuous body is defined as

r 1
rc = ∫ r dm
M
In the component form
1 1 1
M∫ M∫ M∫
xc = x dm ; yc = y dm ; zc = z dm
ETOOS Academy Ltd. : F-106, Road no.2, Indraprastha Industrial Area, End of Evergreen Motors
(Mahindra Showroom), BSNL Office Lane, Jhalawar Road, Kota, Rajasthan (324005) [2]
3. Centre of Mass of Some Common Systems :
(i) A system of two point masses.
The centre of mass lie closer to the heavier mass.
(ii) A circular cone

h
yc =
4
(iii) A semi-circular ring
2R
yc = ; xc = 0
π
(iv) A semi-circular disc
4R
yc = ; xc = 0
3π
(v) A hemispherical shell
R
yc = ; xc = 0
2
(vi) A solid hemisphere
3R
yc = ; xc = 0
8
4. Motion of the centre of mass :
(i) Velocity : The instantaneous velocity of the centre of mass is defined as
vc =
∑ m i vi
M
(ii) Acceleration : The acceleration of the centre of mass is defined as
ac =
∑ mia i
M
(iii) Momentum : The total momentum of a system of particles is
p = Mvc
(iv) Kinetic Energy : The kinetic energy of a system of particles consisits of two parts.
K = Kc + K’
1
where Kc = Mv 2c , kinetic energy due to motion of c.m. relative to the fixed origin O,
2
1
K’ = ∑ m i v i , kinetic energy of the particles relative to the c.m.
2
and
2
Note that the term K’ may involve translational, rotational or vibrational energies relative to the centre of
mass.
5. Newon’s Laws of a system of particles : The first and second laws of motion for a system of particles
are modified as :
First law : The centre of mass of an isolated system is at rest or moves with constant velocity.
Second law : The net external force acting on a system of total of mass M is related to the acceleration
of centre of mass of the system.
r r
∑ Fext = M a cm
OBJECTIVE QUESTION BANK
ONLY ONE OPTION IS CORRECT.
Take approx. 2 minutes for answering each question.
Q.1 A man of mass M stands at one end of a plank of length L which lies at rest on a frictionless surface. The
M
man walks to other end of the plank. If the mass of the plank is , then the distance that the man moves
3
relative to ground is :
3L L 4L L
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 5 3
Ans.
Q.2 A particle of mass 3m is projected from the ground at some angle with horizontal. The horizontal range
is R. At the highest point of its path it breaks into two pieces m and 2m. The smaller mass comes to rest
and larger mass finally falls at a distance x from the point of projection where x is equal to
3R 3R 5R
(A) (B) (C) (D) 3R
4 2 4
Ans.
Q.3 Two interacting particles form a closed system whose centre of mass is m2
at rest. Fig. illustrates the positions of both particles at a certain moment
and the trajectory of the particle of mass ml. Select the trajectory of the
particle of mass m2 if m2 = ml.
m2 m2
m1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
m2 m2
Ans.
Q.4 A man weighing 80 kg is standing at the centre of a flat boat and he is 20 m from the shore. He walks 8 m
on the boat towards the shore and then halts. The boat weight 200 kg. How far is he from the shore at
the end of this time ?
(A) 11.2 m (B) 13.8 m (C) 14.3 m (D) 15.4 m
Ans.
Q.5 From a circle of radius a, an isosceles right angled triangle with the hypotenuse as the diameter of the
circle is removed. The distance of the centre of gravity of the remaining position from the centre of the
circle is
( π − 1) a a a
(A) 3(π – 1)a (B) (C) 3 ( π − 1) (D) 3 ( π + 1)
6
Ans.
Q.6 Centre of mass of two thin uniform rods of same length but made up of
different materials & kept as shown , can be, if the meeting point is the
origin of co-ordinates
(A) (L/2, L/2) (B) (2L/3, L/2)
(C) (L/3, L/3) (D) (L/3, L/6)
Ans.
Q.7 There are some passengers inside a stationary railway compartment. The track is frictionless. The centre
of mass of the compartment itself (without the passengers) is C1, while the centre of mass of the
'compartment plus passengers' system is C2. If the passengers move about inside the compartment along
the track.
(A) both C1 and C2 will move with respect to the ground
(B) neither C1 nor C2 will move with respect to the ground
(C) C1 will move but C2 will be stationary with respect to the ground
(D) C2 will move but C1 will be stationary with respect to the ground
Ans.
Question No. 8 to 10 (3 questions)

A small ball B of mass m is suspended with light inelastic string of length L from
a block A of same mass m which can move on smooth horizontal surface as
shown in the figure. The ball is displaced by angle θ from equilibrium position
& then released.
Q.8 The displacement of block when ball reaches the equilibrium position is
L sin θ
(A) (B) Lsinθ (C) L (D) none of these
2
Ans.
Q.9 Maximum velocity of block during subsequent motion of the system after release of ball is
(A) [gl (1–cosθ)]1/2 (B) [2gl(1–cosθ)]1/2
(C) [glcosθ]1/2 (D) informations are insufficient to decide
Ans.
Q.10 The displacement of centre of mass of A + B system till the string becomes vertical is
L L
(A) zero (B) (1 − cos θ) (C) (1 − sin θ) (D) none of these
2 2
Ans.
Q.11 A system of N particles is free from any external forces.

(a) Which of the following is true for the magnitude of the total momentum of the system?
(A) It must be zero
(B) It could be non–zero, but it must be constant
(C) It could be non–zero, and it might not be constant
(D) The answer depends on the nature of the internal forces in the system
Ans.
(b) Which of the following must be true for the sum of the magnitudes of the momenta of the individual
particles in the system?
(A) It must be zero
(B) It could be non–zero, but it must be constant
(C) It could be non–zero, and it might not be constant
(D) It could be zero, even if the magnitude of the total momentum is not zero
Ans.
Q.12 A small sphere is moving at a constant speed in a vertical circle. Below is a list of quantities that could be
used to describe some aspect of the motion of the sphere.
I – kinetic energy
II – gravitational potential energy
III – momentum
Which of these quantities will change as this sphere moves around the circle?
(A) I and II only (B) I and III only (C) III only (D) II and III only
Ans.

A uniform chain of length 2L is hanging in equilibrium position, if end B is given a
slightly downward displacement the imbalance causes an acceleration. Here pulley is
small and smooth & string is inextensible
Q.13 The acceleration of end B when it has been displaced by distance x, is
x 2x x
(A) g (B) g (C) g (D) g
L L 2
Ans.
Q.14 The velocity v of the string when it slips out of the pulley (height of pulley from floor > 2L)
gL
(A) (B) 2gL (C) gL (D) none of these
2
Ans.
Ans.
Q.15 A body of mass ‘m’ is dropped from a height of ‘h’. Simultaneously another body of mass 2m is thrown
up vertically with such a velocity v that they collide at the height h/2. If the collision is perfectly inelastic,
the velocity at the time of collision with the ground will be :
5g h gh 10gh
(A) (B) g h (C) (D)
4 4 3
Ans.
Q.16 A truck moving on horizontal road towards east with velocity 20 ms–1 collides elastically with a light ball
moving with velocity 25 ms–1 along west. The velocity of the ball just after collision
(A) 65 ms–1 towards east (B) 25 ms–1 towards west
–1
(C) 65 ms towards west (D) 20 ms–1 towards east
Ans.
Q.17 Three blocks are initially placed as shown in the figure. Block A has mass m and initial velocity v to the
right. Block B with mass m and block C with mass 4m are both initially at rest. Neglect friction. All
collisions are elastic. The final velocity of block A is
(A) 0.6v to the left (B) 1.4v to the left

(C) v to the left (D) 0.4v to the right
Ans.
Q.18 Two billiard balls undergo a head-on collision. Ball 1 is twice as heavy as ball 2. Initially, ball 1 moves
with a speed v towards ball 2 which is at rest. Immediately after the collision, ball 1 travels at a speed of
v/3 in the same direction. What type of collision has occured?
(A) inelastic (B) elastic
(C) completely inelastic (D) Cannot be determined from the information given
Ans.
Q.19 A ball is dropped from a height h. As it bounces off the floor, its speed is 80 percent of what it was just
before it hit the floor. The ball will then rise to a height of most nearly
(A) 0.80 h (B) 0.75 h (C) 0.64 h (D) 0.50 h
Ans.
Q.20 A ball is dropped from height 5m. The time after which ball stops rebounding if coefficient of restitution
between ball and ground e = 1/2, is
(A) 1 sec (B) 2 sec (C) 3 sec (D) infinite
Ans.
Q.21 A ball strikes a smooth horizontal ground at an angle of 45° with the vertical. What cannot be the
possible angle of its velocity with the vertical after the collision. (Assume e ≤ 1 ).
(A) 45° (B) 30° (C) 53° (D) 60°
Ans.
Q.22 As shown in the figure a body of mass m moving vertically with speed
3 m/s hits a smooth fixed inclined plane and rebounds with a velocity vf in the
horizontal direction. If ∠ of inclined is 30°, the velocity vf will be
(A) 3 m/s (B) 3 m/s
(C) 1 3 m/s (D) this is not possible
Ans.
Q.23 Two massless string of length 5 m hang from the ceiling very near to each
other as shown in the figure. Two balls A and B of masses 0.25 kg and
0.5 kg are attached to the string. The ball A is released from rest at a height
0.45 m as shown in the figure. The collision between two balls is completely
elastic. Immediately after the collision, the kinetic energy of ball B is 1 J.
The velocity of ball A just after the collision is
(A) 5 ms–1 to the right (B) 5 ms–1 to the left
(C) 1 ms–1 to the right (D) 1 ms–1 to the left
Ans.
Q.24 A small bucket of mass M kg is attached to a long inextensible cord of length L m . The bucket is
released from rest when the cord is in a horizontal position. At its lowest position, the bucket scoops up
m kg of water and swings up to a height h. The height h in meters is
2 2
 M   M  M+m M+m
(A)   L (B)  L (C)   L (D)  L
M+m M+m  M   M 
Ans.
Q.25 In a smooth stationary cart of length d, a small block is projected along it's length with velocity v towards
front. Coefficient of restitution for each collision is e. The cart rests on a smooth ground and can move
freely. The time taken by block to come to rest w.r.t. cart is
ed ed d
(A) (B) (C) (D) infinite
(1 − e) v (1 + e)v e
Ans.
Q.26 A force exerts an impulse I on a particle changing its speed from u to 2u. The applied force and the initial
velocity are oppositely directed along the same line. The work done by the force is
3 1
(A) I u (B) I u (C) I u (D) 2 I u
2 2
Ans.
Q.27 A ball of mass m collides horizontally with a stationary wedge on a rough horizontal surface, in the two
orientations as shown. Neglect friction between ball and wedge. Two student comment on system of ball
and wedge in these situations
y
m m
m m
x
rough rough
(I) ( II )
Saurav : Momentum of system in x-direction will change by significant amount in both cases.
Rahul : There are no impulsive external forces in y-direction in both cases hence the total momentum of
system in y-direction can be treated as conserved in both cases.
(A) Saurav is wrong and Rahul is correct (B) Saurav is correct and Rahul is wrong
(C) Both are correct (D) Both are wrong
Ans.
Q.28 A boy hits a baseball with a bat and imparts an impulse J to the ball. The boy hits the ball again with the
same force, except that the ball and the bat are in contact for twice the amount of time as in the first hit.
The new impulse equals:
(A) half the original impulse (B) the original impulse
(C) twice the original impulse (D) four times the original impulse
Ans.
Q.29 A ball is projected from ground with a velocity V at an angle θ to the vertical. On its path it makes an
elastic collison with a vertical wall and returns to ground. The total time of flight of the ball is
2v sin θ 2v cos θ v sin 2θ v cos θ
(A) (B) (C) (D)
g g g g
Ans.
Q.30 A smooth sphere is moving on a horizontal surface with a velocity vector ( 2 î + 2 ĵ ) m/s immediately
before it hit a vertical wall. The wall is parallel to vector ĵ and coefficient of restitution between the
sphere and the wall is e = 1 2 . The velocity of the sphere after it hits the wall is
(A) î − ĵ (B) − î + 2 ĵ (C) − î − ĵ (D) 2 î − ĵ
Ans.
Q.31 An open water tight railway wagon of mass 5 × 103 kg coasts at an initial velocity 1.2 m/s without friction
on a railway track. Rain drops fall vertically downwards into the wagon. The velocity of the wagon after
it has collected 103 kg of water will be
(A) 0.5 m/s (B) 2 m/s (C) 1 m/s (D) 1.5 m/s
Ans.
Q.32 A rocket of mass 4000 kg is set for vertical firing. How much gas must be ejected per second so that the
rocket may have initial upwards acceleration of magnitude 19.6 m/s2. [Exhaust speed of fuel = 980 m/s.]
(A) 240 kg s–1 (B) 60 kg s–1 (C) 120 kg s–1 (D) None
Ans.
Q.33 The system of the wedge and the block connected by a massless spring
as shown in the figure is released with the spring in its natural length.
Friction is absent. Maximum elongation in the spring will be
3Mg 6Mg 4Mg 8Mg
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5k 5k 5k 5k
Ans.
ASSERTION AND REASON
Q.1 Statement-1 : A body in equilibrium may not be at rest.
Statement-2 : When a body is at rest, it must be in equilibrium.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
Ans.
Q.2 Statement-1 : A horse can pull a cart on a horizontal surface only if it exerts force greater than limiting
static friction.
Statement-2 : An external force exceeding limiting friction is required to make a block slide on rough
horizontal surface
Ans.
Q.3 Statement-1: While drawing a line on a paper, friction force acts on paper in the same direction
along which line is drawn on the paper.
Statement-2: Friction always opposes motion
Ans.
Q.4 Statement-1 : A rocket moves forward by pushing the surrounding air backwards.
Statement-2 : Every action has an equal & opposite reaction.
Ans.
Q.5 Statement-1 : Non zero work has to be done on a moving particle to change its momentum.
Statement-2 : To change momentum of a particle a non zero net force should act on it.
Ans.
Q.6 Statement-1 : The centre of mass of any uniform triangular plate is at its centroid.
Statement-2 : The centre of mass of any symmetrical body lies on its axis of symmetry.
Ans.
Q.7 Statement-1 : A man falling from a given height on hard ground is hurt more than falling on a soft bed
from same height.
Statement-2 : A man falling from a given height on hard ground experiences larger impulse than falling
on a soft bed in coming to rest in both cases.
Ans.
Q.8 Statement-1 : In an elastic collision in one dimension between two bodies, total momentum remains
the same before, during and after the collision.
Statement-2 : In an elastic collision in one dimension between two bodies, total kinetic energy remains
the same before, during and after the collision.
[Assume external forces are absent in both the above statements]
Ans.
Q.9 Statement-1 : In a head on elastic collision between a moving body A with an initially stationary body
B, the kinetic energy lost by A is equal to the kinetic energy gained by B till the instant of
maximum deformation during their contact.
Statement-2 : The total kinetic energy of system before and after collision is same in elastic collision.
Ans.
Q.10 Statement-1 : The momentum of a particle cannot be changed without changing its kinetic energy.
p2
Statement-2 : Kinetic energy (K) of a particle is related to momentum (p) as K =
2m
Ans.
Q.11 Statement-1 : Total linear momentum of system in centre of mass frame is zero only when there is no
net external force.
Statement-2 : Total linear momentum of system is conserved in absence of net external force.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
Ans.
Q.12 Statement-1 : Internal forces can change total linear momentum of system.
Statement-2 : Due to work of internal forces kinetic energy of system may change.
Ans.
Q.13 Statement-1 : The kinetic energy of a system of particles is minimum from centre of mass frame of
reference.
Statement-2 : The total momentum of a system as seen from centre of mass frame is minimum.
Ans.
Q.14 Statement-1 : The impulse of any real force is same as seen from any frame of reference.
Statement-2 : The momentum of a body is same as seen from any frame of reference.
Ans.
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTION MAY BE CORRECT

Take approx. 3 minutes for answering each question.
Q.1 A student calculates the acceleration of m1 in figure shown as
(m1 − m 2 ) g
a1 = m1 + m 2 . Which assumption is not required to do this calculation.
(A) rim of pulley is frictionless (B) string is massless
(C) pulley is massless (D) string is inextensible
Ans.
Q.2 Which graph shows best the velocity-time graph for an object launched vertically into the air when air
resistance is given by | D | = bv? The dashed line shows the velocity graph if there were no air resistance.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Ans.
Q.3 Two men of unequal masses hold on to the two sections of a light rope passing
over a smooth light pulley. Which of the following are possible?
(A) The lighter man is stationary while the heavier man slides with some acceleration
(B) The heavier man is stationary while the lighter man climbs with some acceleration
(C) The two men slide with the same acceleration in the same direction
(D) The two men move with accelerations of the same magnitude in opposite directions
Ans.
Q.4 Adjoining figure shows a force of 40 N acting at 30° to the horizontal on a body
of mass 5 kg resting on a smooth horizontal surface. Assuming that the
acceleration of free–fall is 10 ms–2, which of the following statements A, B, C,
D is (are) correct?
[1] The horizontal force acting on the body is 20 N
[2] The weight of the 5 kg mass acts vertically downwards
[3] The net vertical force acting on the body is 30 N
(A) 1, 2, 3 (B) 1, 2 (C) 2 only (D) 1 only
Ans.
Q.5 The coefficient of friction between 4 kg and 5 kg blocks is 0.2

and between 5 kg block and ground is 0.1 respectively. Choose
the correct statements
(A) Minimum force needed to cause system to move is 17 N
(B) When force is 4 N static friction at all surfaces is 4 N to keep system at rest
(C) Maximum acceleration of 4 kg block is 2 m/s2
(D) Slipping between 4 kg and 5 kg blocks start when F is 17 N
Ans.
Q.6 In a tug–of–war contest, two men pull on a horizontal rope from opposite sides. The winner will be the
man who
(A) exerts greater force on the rope (B) exerts greater force on the ground
(C) exerts a force on the rope which is greater than the tension in the rope
(D) makes a smaller angle with the vertical
Ans.
Q.7 A man pulls a block heavier than himself with a light horizontal rope. The coefficient of friction is the same
between the man and the ground, and between the block and the ground
(A) The block will not move unless the man also moves
(B) The man can move even when the block is stationary
(C) If both move, the acceleration of the man is greater than the acceleration of the block
(D) None of the above assertions is correct
Ans.

In figure, two blocks M and m are tied together with an inextensible and light string. The
mass M is placed on a rough horizontal surface with coefficient of friction µ and the
mass m is hanging vertically against a smooth vertical wall.
The pulley is frictionless.
Q.8 Choose the correct statement(s)
(A) The system will accelerate for any value of m
(B) The system will accelerate only when m > M
(C) The system will accelerate only when m > µM
(D) Nothing can be said
Ans.
Q.9 Choose the correct statement(s) related to the tension T in the string
(A) When m < µM, T = mg (B) When m < µM, T = Mg
(C) When m > µM, µMg < T < mg (D) When m > µM, mg < T < µMg
Ans.
Q.10 A man balances himself in a horizontal position by pushing his hands and feet against two parallel walls.
His centre of mass lies midway between the walls. The coefficients of friction at the walls are equal.
Which of the following is not correct?
(A) He exerts equal forces on walls
(B) He exerts only horizontal forces on the walls
(C) The forces of friction at the walls are equal
(D) The forces exerted by the walls on him are not horizontal
Ans.
Q.11 A particle with constant total energy E moves in one dimension in a region where the potential energy is
U(x). The speed of the particle is zero where
dU( x ) d 2 U (x )
(A) U(x) = E (B) U(x) = 0 (C) =0 (D) =0
dx dx 2
Ans.
Q.12 A particle is moving along a circular path. The angular velocity, linear velocity, angular acceleration and
r r r r
centripetal acceleration of the particle at any instant respectively are ω, v, α and a c . Which of the
following relations is/are correct ?
r r r r r r r r
(A) ω • v = 0 (B) ω • α = 0 (C) ω • a c = 0 (D) v • a c = 0
Ans.
Q.13 A cart moves with a constant speed along a horizontal circular path. From the cart, a particle is thrown
up vertically with respect to the cart
(A) The particle will land somewhere on the circular path
(B) The particle will land outside the circular path
(C) The particle will follow an elliptical path (D) The particle will follow a parabolic path
Ans.
Q.14 The potential energy in joules of a particle of mass 1 kg moving in a plane is given by U = 3x + 4y, the
position coordinates of the point being x and y, measured in metres. If the particle is initially at rest at
(6,4), then
(A) its acceleration is of magnitude 5 m/s2 (B) its speed when it crosses the y-axis is 10 m/s
(C) it crosses the y-axis (x = 0) at y = –4 (D) it moves in a straight line passing through the origin (0,0)
Ans.
Q.15 A box of mass m is released from rest at position 1 on the frictionless curved
track shown. It slides a distance d along the track in time t to reach position 2,
dropping a vertical distance h. Let v and a be the instantaneous speed and
instantaneous acceleration, respectively, of the box at position 2. Which of the
following equations is valid for this situation?
(A) h = vt (B) h = (1/2)gt2 (C) d = (1/2)at2 (D) mgh = (1/2)mv2
Ans.
Q.16 A ball of mass m is attached to the lower end of light vertical spring of force constant k. The upper end
of the spring is fixed. The ball is released from rest with the spring at its normal (unstretched) length,
comes to rest again after descending through a distance x.
(A) x = mg/k (B) x = 2 mg/k
(C) The ball will have no acceleration at the position where it has descended through x/2.
(D) The ball will have an upward acceleration equal to g at its lowermost position.
Ans.
Q.17 An escalator is moving down with constant speed. You are moving on it such that you remain at rest with
respect to ground. Choose correct statements from ground frame :
(A) work done by you is zero (B) work done by escalator on you is zero
(C) work done by gravity on you is zero (D) work done by escalator on man is negative
Ans.
Q.18 A particle of mass m is at rest in a train moving with constant velocity with respect to ground. Now the
particle is accelerated by a constant force F0 acting along the direction of motion of train for time t0. A girl
in the train and a boy on the ground measure the work done by this force. Which of the following are
INCORRECT?
(A) Both will measure the same work (B) Boy will measure higher value than the girl
(C) Girl will measure higher value than the boy
(D) Data are insufficient for the measurement of work done by the force F0
Ans.
A particle of mass m is released from a height H on a smooth curved
surface which ends into a vertical loop of radius R, as shown
Q.19 Choose the correct alternative(s) if H = 2R
(A) The particles reaches the top of the loop with zero velocity
(B) The particle cannot reach the top of the loop
(C) The particle breaks off at a height H = R from the base of the loop
(D) The particle break off at a height R < H < 2R
Ans.
Q.20 If θ is instantaneous angle which the line joining the particle and the centre of the loop makes with the
vertical, then identify the correct statement(s) related to the normal reaction N between the block and
the surface
(A) The maximum value N occurs at θ = 0
(B) The minimum value of N occurs at θ = π for H > 5R/2
(C) The value of N becomes negative for π/2 < θ < 3π/2
(D) The value of N becomes zero only when θ ≥ π/2
Ans.
Q.21 The minimum value of H required so that the particle makes a complete vertical circle is given by
(A) 5 R (B) 4 R (C) 2.5 R (D) 2 R
Ans.
Q.22 Two balls A and B having masses 1 kg and 2 kg, moving with speeds 21 m/s and 4 m/s respectively in
opposite direction, collide head on. After collision A moves with a speed of 1 m/s in the same direction,
then correct statements is :
(A) The velocity of B after collision is 6 m/s opposite to its direction of motion before collision.
(B) The coefficient of restitution is 0.2.
(C) The loss of kinetic energy due to collision is 200 J.
(D) The impulse of the force between the two balls is 40 Ns.
Ans.
Q.23 An object comprises of a uniform ring of radius R and its uniform chord AB (not
necessarily made of the same material) as shown. Which of the following can
not be the centre of mass of the object
(A) (R/3, R/3) (B) (R/3, R/2)
(C) (R/4, R/4) (D) ( R 2, R 2)
Ans.
Q.24 Consider following statements

[1] CM of a uniform semicircular disc of radius R = 2R/π from the centre
[2] CM of a uniform semicircular ring of radius R = 4R/3π from the centre
[3] CM of a solid hemisphere of radius R = 4R/3π from the centre
[4] CM of a hemisphere shell of radius R = R/2 from the centre
Which statements are correct?
(A) 1, 2, 4 (B) 1, 3, 4 (C) 4 only (D) 1, 2 only
Ans.
Q.25 The diagram to the right shows the velocity-time graph for two
masses R and S that collided elastically. Which of the following
statements is true?
(I) R and S moved in the same direction after the collision.
(II) Kinetic energy of the system (R & S) is minimum at t = 2 milli sec.
(III) The mass of R was greater than mass of S.
(A) I only (B) II only (C) I and II only (D) I, II and III
Ans.
Q.26 In an inelastic collision,
(A) the velocity of both the particles may be same after the collision
(B) kinetic energy is not conserved
(C) linear momentum of the system is conserved.
(D) velocity of separation will be less than velocity of approach.
Ans.
Q.27 Two identical balls are interconnected with a massless and inextensible thread. The system is in gravity
free space with the thread just taut. Each ball is imparted a velocity v, one towards the other ball and the
other perpendicular to the first, at t = 0. Then,
(A) the thread will become taut at t = (L/v)
(B) the thread will become taut at some time t < (L/v).
(C) the thread will always remain taut for t > (L/v).
(D) the kinetic energy of the system will always remain mv2.
Ans.
Q.28 Two blocks A (5kg) and B(2kg) attached to the ends of a spring constant
1120N/m are placed on a smooth horizontal plane with the spring
undeformed. Simultaneously velocities of 3m/s and 10m/s along the
line of the spring in the same direction are imparted to A and B
then
(A) when the extension of the spring is maximum the velocities of A and B are zero.
(B) the maximum extension of the spring is 25cm.
(C) maximum extension and maximum compression occur alternately.
(D) the minimum speed of B is 0.
Ans.
r
Q.29 In a one–dimensional collision between two particles, their relative velocity is v1 before the collision and
r
v 2 after the collision
r r r r
(A) v1 = v 2 if the collision is elastic (B) v1 = – v 2 if the collision is elastic
r r r r
(C) | v 2 | = | v1 | in all cases (D) v1 = –k v 2 in all cases, where k ≥ 1
Ans.
Q.30 A spring block system is placed on a rough horizontal floor. The block is pulled towards right to give
spring some elongation and released.
(A) The block may stop before the spring attains its mean position.
(B) The block must stop with spring having some compression.
(C) The block may stop with spring having some compression.
(D) It is not possible that the block stops at mean position.
Ans.
Q.31 In the above situation the block will have maximum velocity when
(A) the spring force becomes zero (B) the frictional force becomes zero
(C) the net force becomes zero (D) the acceleration of block becomes zero
Ans.
Q.32 A particle moving with kinetic energy = 3 joule makes an elastic head on collision with a stationary
particle which has twice its mass during the impact.
(A) The minimum kinetic energy of the system is 1 joule.
(B) The maximum elastic potential energy of the system is 2 joule.
(C) Momentum and total kinetic energy of the system are conserved at every instant.
(D) The ratio of kinetic energy to potential energy of the system first decreases and then increases.
Ans.
Q.33 In a one dimensional collision between two identical particles A and B, B is stationary and A has
momentum p before impact. During impact, B gives impulse J to A.
(A) The total momentum of the ‘A plus B’ system is p before and after the impact, and (p-J) during the
impact.
(B) During the impact A gives impulse of magnitude J to B
2J J
(C) The coefficient of restitution is −1 (D) The coefficient of restitution is + 1
p p
Ans.
Q.34 Two blocks A and B of mass m and 2m respectively are connected by

a massless spring of spring constant K. This system lies over a smooth
horizontal surface. At t = 0 the block A has velocity u towards right as B K A
shown while the speed of block B is zero, and the length of spring is 2m m u
equal to its natural length at that instant. Smooth horizontal surface
Column-I Column-II
(A) The velocity of block A (P) can never be zero
(B) The velocity of block B (Q) may be zero at certain instants of time
(C) The kinetic energy of system of two block (R) is minimum at maximum compression of spring
(D) The potential energy of spring (S) is maximum at maximum extension of spring
Ans.
SUBJECTIVE
Q.1 Four particles of mass 5, 3, 2, 4 kg are at the points (1, 6), (-1, 5), (2, -3), (-1, -4). Find the coordinates
of their centre of mass.
Ans.
Q.2 The linear mass density of a ladder of length l increases uniformly from one end A to the other end B,
(a) Form an expression for linear mass density as a function of distance x from end A where linear mass
density λ0. The density at one end being twice that of the other end.
(b) find the position of the centre of mass from end A.
Ans.
Q.3 The figure shows the positions and velocities of two particles. If the
particles move under the mutual attraction of each other, then find the
position of centre of mass at t = 1 s.
Ans.
Q.4 Two cars initially at rest are free to move in the x direction. Car A has mass 4 kg and car B has mass
2 kg. They are tied together, compressing a spring in between them. When the spring holding them
together is burned, car A moves off with a speed of 2 m/s
(a) with what speed does car B leave.
(b) how much energy was stored in the spring before it was burned.
Ans.
Q.5 A 45.0-kg girl is standing on a plank that has a mass of 150 kg. The plank, originally at rest, is free to
slide on a frozen lake, which is a flat, frictionless supporting surface. The girl begins to walk along the
plank at a constant speed of 1.50 m/s relative to the plank. (a) What is her speed relative to the ice
surface? (b) What is the speed of the plank relative to the ice surface?
Ans.
Q.6 Two balls of equal masses are projected upward simultaneously, one from the ground with speed
50 m/s and other from a 40 m high tower with initial speed 30 m/s. Find the maximum height attained by
their centre of mass.
Ans.
Q.7 In the arrangement shown in the figure, mA = 2 kg and mB = 1 kg. String

is light and inextensible. Find the acceleration of centre of mass of
both the blocks. Neglect friction everywhere.
Ans.
Q.8 Three carts move on a frictionless track with inertias and velocities as shown. The carts collide and stick
together after successive collisions.
(a) Find loss of mechanical energy when B & C stick together.
(b) Find magnitude of impulse experienced by A when it sticks to combined mass (B & C).
Ans.
Q.9 A body is thrown vertically upwards from ground with a speed of 10 m/s. If coefficient of restitution of
ground, e = 1/2. Find
(a) the total distance travelled by the time it almost stops.
(b) time elapsed (after the ball has been thrown) when it is at its subsequent maximum height for the third time.
Ans.
Q.10 A sphere A is released from rest in the position shown and strikes the
block B which is at rest. If e = 0.75 between A and B and µk = 0.5
between B and the support, determine
(a) the velocity of A just after the impact
(b) the maximum displacement of B after the impact.
Ans.
Q.11 A small block of mass 2m initially rests at the bottom of a fixed circular,
vertical track, which has a radius of R. The contact surface between the
mass and the loop is frictionless. A bullet of mass m strikes the block
horizontally with initial speed v0 and remain embedded in the block as
the block and the bullet circle the loop. Determine each of the following
in terms of m, v0, R and g.
(a) The speed of the masses immediately after the impact.
(b) The minimum initial speed of the bullet if the block and the bullet are to successfully execute a complete
ride on the loop
Ans.
Q.12 A spaceship is moving with constant speed v0 in gravity free space along +Y-axis suddenly shoots out
one third of its part with speed 2v0 along + X-axis. Find the speed of the remaining part.
Ans.
Q.13 A smooth sphere A of mass 0.1 kg is moving with speed 5m/s when it collides head on with another
smooth stationary sphere of same radius. If A is brought to rest by the impact and e = ½, find the mass
of B, its speed just after impact and magnitude of impulse during collision.
Ans.
Q.14 A force F acts on an object (mass = 1 kg) which is initially at rest as shown
in the figure. Draw the graph showing the momentum of the
object varying during the time for which the force acts.
Ans.
Q.15 A bullet of mass m strikes an obstruction and deviates off at 60° to its original direction. If its speed is
also changed from u to v, find the magnitude of the impulse acting on the bullet.
Ans.
Q.16 Bullets of mass 10 g each are fired from a machine gun at rate of 60 bullets/minute. The muzzle velocity
of bullets is 100 m/s. The thrust force due to firing bullets experienced by the person holding the gun
stationary is _________.
Ans.
Q. 17 A 24–kg projectile is fired at an angle of 53° above the horizontal with an initial speed of
50 m/s. At the highest point in its trajectory, the projectile explodes into two fragments of equal mass, the
first of which falls vertically with zero initial speed.
(a) How far from the point of firing does the second fragment strike the ground? (Assume the ground is level.)
(b) How much energy was released during the explosion?
Ans.
Q. 18 Two masses A and B connected with an inextensible string of length l lie on m

a smooth horizontal plane. A is given a velocity of v m/s along the ground
perpendicular to line AB as shown in figure. Find the tension in string during
their subsequent motion
A 2m v
Ans.
Q. 19 The simple pendulum A of mass m A and length l is suspended from the

trolley B of mass mB . If the system is released from rest at θ = 0 ,
determine the velocity vB of the trolley and tension in the string when θ = 90 0 . B
Friction is negligible.
Ans. A
Q. 20 A massive vertical wall is approaching a man at a speed u. When it is at a distance of 10 m, the man
throws a ball with speed 10 m/s at an angle of 370 which after completely elastic rebound reaches back
directly into his hands. Find the velocity u of the wall.
Ans.
Q. 21 A stream of particles each of mass m moving with velocity v with number of particles per unit volume n
strike against a wall at an angle θ to the normal elastically. Find the pressure exerted by the stream on the
wall.
Ans.
Q. 22 A ball with initial speed of 10m/s collides elastically with two other identical
ball whose centres are on a line perpendicular to the initial velocity and which
10m/s
are initially in contact with each other. All three ball are lying on a smooth
horizontal table. The first ball is aimed directly at the contact point of the other two
balls All the balls are smooth. Find the velocities of the three balls after the collision.
Ans.
Q. 23 Two equal spheres of mass m' are suspended by vertical strings so that they are u
in contact with their centers at same level. A third equal spheres of mass m
falls vertically and strikes elastically the other two simultaneously so that their
centres at the instant of impace form an equilateral triangle in a vertical plane. m
If u is the velocity of m just before impact, find the velocities just after impact
and impulse of tension of the strings. v m' m' v
Ans.
Q. 24 Two particles, each of mass m , are connected by a light inextensible string of length 2l . Initially they lie
on a smooth horizontal table at points A and B distanct l apart. The particle at A is projected across the
table with velocity u . Find the speed with which the second particle begins to move if the direction of u
is, (a) along BA, (b) at an angle of 1200 with AB, (c) perpendicular to AB. In each case calculate (in
terms of m and u ) the impulse of tension in the string.
Ans.
Q. 25 Mass m1 hits & sticks with m2 while sliding horizontally with velocity v along the common line of centres
of the three equal masses (m1 = m2 = m3 = m). Initially masses m2 and m3 are stationary and the spring
is unstretched. Find
(a) the velocities of m1, m2 and m3 immediately after impact. k
v
(b) themaximum kinetic energy of m3. m1 m2 m3
(c) the minimum kinetic energy of m2.
Frictionless
(d) the maximum compression of the spring.
Ans.
Q. 26 Two bodies of same mass tied with an inelastic string of length l lie together. One of them is projected
vertically upwards with velocity 6 gl . Find the maximum height up to which the centre of mass of
system of the two masses rises.
Ans.
Q. 27 A flexible chain has a length l and mass m. It is lowered on the table top with constant velocity v. Find
the force that the chain exerts on the table as a function of time.
Ans.
ANSWER KEY
OBJECTIVE QUESTION BANK
ONLY ONE OPTION IS CORRECT.
Q.1 B Q.2 C Q.3 B Q.4 C Q.5 C
Q.6 D Q.7 C Q.8 A Q.9 A Q.10 B
Q.11 (a) B (b) C Q.12 D Q.13 A Q.14 C Q.15 D
Q.16 A Q.17 A Q.18 B Q.19 C Q.20 C
Q.21 B Q.22 B Q.23 D Q.24 A Q.25 D
Q.26 B Q.27 D Q.28 C Q.29 B Q.30 B
Q.31 C Q.32 C Q.33 B
ASSERTION AND REASON
Q.1 C Q.2 D Q.3 C Q.4 D Q.5 D
Q.6 B Q.7 C Q.8 C Q.9 D Q.10 D
Q.11 D Q.12 D Q.13 B Q.14 C
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTION MAY BE CORRECT
Q.1 C Q.2 B Q.3 A,B,D Q.4 C Q.5 C
Q.6 B Q.7 A,B,C Q.8 C Q.9 A,C Q.10 B
Q.11 A Q.12 A,C,D Q.13 B, D Q.14 A,B,C Q.15 D
Q.16 B,C,D Q.17 C,D Q.18 A,C Q.19 B,D Q.20 A,B,D
Q.21 C Q.22 A,B,C Q.23 B,D Q.24 C Q.25 D
Q.26 A,B,C,D Q.27 A,C Q.28 B,C,D Q.29 B,D Q.30 A,C
Q.31 C,D Q.32 A,B,D Q.33 B,C
Q.34 (A)-Q, (B)-Q, (C)-P,R , (D)-Q,S
SUBJECTIVE
λx 5
Q.1 (1/7, 23/14) Q.2 (a) λ(x) = λ + , (b) L Q.3 x = 6m
L 9
Q.4 4 m/s, 24 J Q.5 (a) 1.5 m/s (b) –0.50 m/s Q.6 100 m
12 40
Q.7 g/9 downwards Q.8 (a) 3 J, (b) N·s Q.9 (a) m, (b) te = 3.25 s
5 3
Q.10 vA = g 12 m/s, Smax = 49/48 m Q.11 (a) v0/3, (b) 3 5gR .
13
Q.12 v Q.13 0.2kg,2.5m/s, 0.5Ns Q.14
2 0
Q.15 m × u 2 − uv + v 2 Q.16 1N Q.17 (a) 360 m, (b) 10800 J
2
mA 2gl 2m 2A g
Q.18 2mv 3l Q.19 vB = m ; T = 3m g +
B 1+ mA mB
A mB
Q. 20 13/3m/s Q.21 2 mnv2 cos2 θ Q.22 –2m/s, 6.93m/s ∠30°
2 3u 5u 6
Q.23 v= , u'= , T= mv
7 7 7
Q.24 (a) u/2, mu/2; (b) u 13 /8, mu 13 /8; (c) u√3/4, mu√3/4
Q.25 (a) v/2, v/2, 0; (b) 2mv2/9; (c) mv2/72; (d) x = m 6k v
m
Q.26 l Q.27 ν(ν + gt)
l

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PHYSICS

KEY CONCEPT ............................................................. Page –2

OBJECTIVE QUESTION BANK...................................... Page –4

SUBJECTIVE ................................................................ Page –27

ANSWER KEY ............................................................... Page –34

In the absence of a net external force, the momentum of a system is conserved.

For a perfectly elastic collision, e = 1

2. Continuous system : The centre of mass of a continuous body is defined as

(ii) A circular cone

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Question No. 8 to 10 (3 questions)

Q.11 A system of N particles is free from any external forces.

Question No. 13 to 14 (2 questions)

(A) 0.6v to the left (B) 1.4v to the left

ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTION MAY BE CORRECT

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Q.5 The coefficient of friction between 4 kg and 5 kg blocks is 0.2

Question No. 8 to 9 (2 questions)

Q.24 Consider following statements

Q.34 Two blocks A and B of mass m and 2m respectively are connected by

Q.7 In the arrangement shown in the figure, mA = 2 kg and mB = 1 kg. String

Q. 18 Two masses A and B connected with an inextensible string of length l lie on m

Q. 19 The simple pendulum A of mass m A and length l is suspended from the

Q.1 B Q.2 C Q.3 B Q.4 C Q.5 C

Q.6 D Q.7 C Q.8 A Q.9 A Q.10 B

Q.11 (a) B (b) C Q.12 D Q.13 A Q.14 C Q.15 D

Q.16 A Q.17 A Q.18 B Q.19 C Q.20 C

Q.21 B Q.22 B Q.23 D Q.24 A Q.25 D

Q.26 B Q.27 D Q.28 C Q.29 B Q.30 B

Q.31 C Q.32 C Q.33 B

ASSERTION AND REASON

Q.1 C Q.2 D Q.3 C Q.4 D Q.5 D

Q.6 B Q.7 C Q.8 C Q.9 D Q.10 D

Q.11 D Q.12 D Q.13 B Q.14 C

ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTION MAY BE CORRECT

Q.1 C Q.2 B Q.3 A,B,D Q.4 C Q.5 C

Q.6 B Q.7 A,B,C Q.8 C Q.9 A,C Q.10 B

Q.11 A Q.12 A,C,D Q.13 B, D Q.14 A,B,C Q.15 D

Q.21 C Q.22 A,B,C Q.23 B,D Q.24 C Q.25 D

Q.31 C,D Q.32 A,B,D Q.33 B,C

Q.34 (A)-Q, (B)-Q, (C)-P,R , (D)-Q,S

Q.10 vA = g 12 m/s, Smax = 49/48 m Q.11 (a) v0/3, (b) 3 5gR .

Q.15 m × u 2 − uv + v 2 Q.16 1N Q.17 (a) 360 m, (b) 10800 J

Q. 20 13/3m/s Q.21 2 mnv2 cos2 θ Q.22 –2m/s, 6.93m/s ∠30°

Q.25 (a) v/2, v/2, 0; (b) 2mv2/9; (c) mv2/72; (d) x = m 6k v

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