A second plastic mold section apparatus

First, the basic content of this chapter:

This chapter contains several classification method of injection mold;
the mold for each type of mechanism components and features;
Relationship category molding apparatus, the working process, the main
parameters and specifications, injection molding and injection machine,
injection molding machine in the selection of the method of checking the
parameters.
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Second, learning objectives and requirements:
In this lesson, classification and control of several commonly used
plastic mold structure typical plastic mold, familiar injection molding
machine, press, extruder molding equipment.
Third, the focus of this chapter, difficulties:
Common structural plastic mold composition, working process of the
injection machine, the main parameters, understanding the relationship
between injection molding and injection machine, the check of
parameters.

l, injection molding
Injection molding machine is mounted on the injection mold process
used to complete an injection molding.

1） Injection mold structure

Many different types of injection molding, the structure of the

plastic variety, type injection machine structure and plastic parts and
the like related to many factors. In general, injection molding is a
molding member, gating system, the guide member, pushing mechanism,
temperature control system, the exhaust system component parts and the
support, if apertured plastic parts or lateral projections, further
comprising a lateral injection molding typing and pulling mechanism.

Shaped member

Movable means, related to the composition of the fixed mold cavity

parts.
Gating system

It is a molten plastic into the mold cavity through the nozzle

passage from the injection machine, comprising a sprue, runner, gate and
cold slug.

Guide member

In injection molding, the mold with the guide member to guide the
movable die fixed to the mold when the mold accurate apposition.

Ejecting mechanism

It refers to a device from the mold after the introduction of the

parting plastic parts.

Thermostat system

In order to meet the process requirements of the injection mold

temperature, temperature control system requires a temperature of the
mold can be adjusted. Injection molding of thermoplastics is mainly
general design of the mold cooling system.

Exhaust System

To the outer plastic molding mold itself volatilized gas discharge,

often defines vent grooves in the parting surface. For a small mold
plastic parts directly by the gap or the exhaust gas and the like
parting surface of the mold plunger.

Supporting parts

Parts portions mechanism for mounting a support or fixing of the

shaped parts and
 Typing and lateral pulling mechanism

While some plastic parts with a hole or lateral projection of

irregularities, the irregularities must first lateral side of the module
or engagement of the valve core is disengaged or withdrawn from the
plastic parts.

2) Sort injection mold

An injection molding method a lot of classification, used in the

form of an injection machine into a vertical injection molding,
horizontal injection molding and injection molding Angle; molding
material by injection molding into thermoplastic and thermosetting
plastics injection mold; the mold press the number of cavities divided
into single and multiple-cavity injection mold; injection mold according
to the general structural features of a single injection mold can be
divided into sub-surface injection molding, double injection mold
parting plane, the angle pin (pin bend, the swash the guide groove, the
slider obliquely) with core pulling side parting injection molding with
the injection mold insert of activity, with the stationary mold and the
injection mold Release automatic unloading device like the screw of the
injection mold.

2, compression molding

Compression molding is complete the mold plastic compression

molding, a compression mold belonging to one of the mold is relatively
simple, it is primarily for shaping thermoset. It is generally fixed by
the upper mold portion and fixed to the press ram at a mold composed of
the lower press part of the table.

Compression molding can be divided into six parts:

Cavity
 A mold cavity portion shaped plastic parts, the feed chamber acts
filled with material.

Loading chamber

Due to the large volume of the plastic powder, chamber should be

deeper than the number of cavities.

Guide mechanism

A guide post and guide sleeve composed of, in order to ensure the
accuracy of the mold and the guide mechanism is introduced in order to
ensure smooth vertical movement of the ejector mechanism.

Side core and Typing

When forming a lateral structure having irregularities or holes, the

mold should be provided with a variety of side core type mechanism.

Ejecting mechanism

Compression molding must be designed to launch mechanism.

Heating system

Thermosetting plastics compression molding by heating the mold,

heating the mold has the form of heating or natural gas.

3, injection mold

Plastic injection mold injection-molding mold is completed. Pressure

injection molding and compression molding methods are thermosets, but
injection molding and compression molding pressure biggest difference is
that, for the injection mold with a molten plastic material is heated to
a separate heating chamber.

Injection mold injection mold can be divided into the tank and a ram
injection molding, injection mold and the tank is divided into mobile
and stationary injection mold injection mold.

Injection mold structure can be divided into six parts, the mold
parts into the shaping member, with the injection molding, as
compression molding, a convex mold, and the core die etc; loading
chamber and a feeding means consisting of pressure column; runner system
injection mold and the injection mold similar; heating injection-molded
multi-use electric heating, fixed injection mold discretion pressure
column, upper and lower dies have design of the heating means; mobile
injection mold using a hydraulic press upper and lower heating plate
injection mold member to shape into a time, the exhaust gas is very
important, not only to exhaust groove design, but also to design the
overflow trough, the excess material is discharged in order to ensure
the quality of plastic. The characteristics of the plastic injection
mold and the mold parts need to design the guide means, the side portion
of the core type pumping mechanism and the release mechanism or the
like, its structure and compression molding and injection molding is
very similar.

4, the extrusion die

Suitable for extrusion molding of plastic pipe, bar, straight-

sectional profile, a hollow shaped article, and filaments, cable
cladding, extrusion film or the like.

Extrusion molding die is referred extruder head, referred to as the

head. Plasticized plastic in the nose a homogeneous melt, and the shape
of the article into the desired shape through a die.

Extrusion molding handpiece action:

(1) reacting the molten plastic into linear motion by the screw
motion;

(2) after the plastic nose and further plasticized;

(3) forming pressure sufficient to produce the dense plastic parts;

(4) continuously forming a desired cross-sectional shape of the

profile.
 Since the cross-sectional shape of the extrusion molding plastic
articles vary, the nose can be divided into the head tube as extruded
pipe, extruded rod nose bars, the nose of the sheet extruded sheet,
blown film blown film head, etc., but the composition is substantially
the same as the nose.

Die and the mandrelIs a cross-sectional shape into a shaping member

is. Wherein the shaping die member outer surface of the mandrel to the
inner surface of the shaping member.

Filter plates, filterThe role of the plastic melt is converted by

the helical motion into a linear motion, and a certain pressure filter
impurities.

Splitter shunts and stentsPassing through its thin plastic melt

into an annular splitter, smoothly into the forming zone while further
heating and plasticizing. Shunt main stent and the mandrel for
supporting the diverter, but also to strengthen the shear mixing action
of the plastic melt splitter. Small shunts and stents may be designed to
shunt integrally.

Head bodyAnd a support for assembling the various components of the

handpiece, the handpiece body further requires connection to the
extruder, the connection should be sealed to prevent spillage of the
plastic melt.

Electric heating coilIn order to ensure the normal flow of the

plastic melt in the extrusion head and in quality.

Adjusting screwAnd a gap for adjusting concentricity between the

forming zone to control the die and the mandrel in order to ensure a
uniform wall thickness extruded plastic, usually defined as the number
of adjustment screws 4-8.

Calibration sleeve, Although the plastic leaving the forming zone

having a given shape, but is still high due to the temperature of the
plastic deformation can not resist the weight, which requires a
calibration sleeve to cool setting, the article to obtain a good surface
quality, the correct size and geometry.

5, injection machine

Injection molding is a plastic injection molding machine equipment

used.

1) Working Process injection machine working cycle is as follows:

Heating, preplasticator

In the drive transmission screw, the material from the hopper

forward conveyance, compacting, at a cylinder outside the heater, the
shear screw and barrel, the mixing action of the friction, the material
is gradually melted, the cartridge head portion has accumulated a
certain amount of molten plastic, the screw retreat under the pressure
slowly melt. Backward distance depends on the amount of injection needed
basis to adjust the metering device, when the injection amount reaches a
predetermined screw stops rotating and retracted.

Clamping and locking

Pushing the movable platen and the clamping means is mounted on a

movable platen movable mold die mold clamping the fixed mold and fixed
on the portion of the template and locked, in order to ensure a
sufficient clamping force of the mold locked during molding.

Advancing the injection device

After the completion of clamping, injection of the entire seat is

pushed forward, then the main injection machine nozzle and the mold
pouring crossing completely bonded.

Injection, holding pressure

On the injection nozzle after completely bonded to the mold gate,

the injection of oil into the high pressure hydraulic cylinder, lead
screw is advanced relative to the cylinder, a cylinder head will
accumulate in the melt at a sufficient injection pressure in the mold
cavity. Reducing the volume of the plastic due to temperature shrinkage,
to ensure the compactness, dimensional accuracy and mechanical
properties of plastic parts, the need to maintain a certain pressure on
the mold cavity of the melt to supplement the material.

Pressure relief

When the melt at the mold gate freezes, to relief.

Back injection device

In general, after completion of pressure relief screw to rotate

backward, the time to complete the addition, the pre-plasticizing
process. After completion of the pre-molding, the injection die casting
apparatus main evacuation crossing.

Opening the mold, ejecting plastic parts

The mold cavity after cooling the shaped plastic parts, mold
clamping mechanism, and the introduction of the plastic in the mold
member.

2) injection machine classification

(1) injection molding machine according to shape characteristics can

be divided into vertical, horizontal, angled three.

Vertical injection machine

The injection device with the axis of the clamping mechanism a

straight line vertically.

Advantages: small footprint, easy to mold disassembly, easy to place

the insert.

Disadvantages: high center of gravity, feeding difficulties; Release

of plastic parts to be removed by hand, is not easy to automate; smaller
volume.
 Horizontal injection machine

Axis of the injection device and the clamping device are arranged
horizontally in a straight line, it is widely used.

Advantages: low center of gravity and stability; easy addition,

operation and maintenance; self-off plastic parts, easy to automate.

Disadvantages: mold mounting problems, the insert seated

instability, a larger area of the machine.

Angle injection machine

Arranged perpendicular to each axis of the injection device and the

clamping device.

Advantages, disadvantages between horizontal and vertical injection

machine injection machine.

Especially suitable plane plastic parts forming the central gate

remain is not allowed.

(2) by plastic injection molding machine in different ways in the

plasticizing cylinder can be divided into a plunger-type injection
molding machine and an injection machine screw.

Plunger injection machine

Metal injection plunger rod having a diameter of 20-100mm, the

material from the hopper quantitatively to fall within the cartridge,
when it is advancing the plunger retracted, and the cartridge chamber
feedstock through the torpedo, into the plastic sheet, uniform heating
and further mixing under shear and plasticizing plastics, and completion
of the injection. Mostly vertical injection machine, the injection
amount is less than 30-60g, easy molding melt fluidity poor, strong
heat-sensitive plastic.

Screw Injection Molding

 When the screw rotates in the barrel, the plastic in the hopper
human volume gradually compacted, plasticized and exhaust, the plastic
melt toward the front of the cartridge, the cartridge between the top
and collected in the nozzle, by the screw itself melt pressure slowly
retracted. When the melt reservoir reaches a predetermined injection
volume, the screw stops rotating, driven by a hydraulic cylinder, the
melt injected into the mold. It is a horizontal injection machine screw.

(3) injection machine specifications and main parameters

Currently, a standard injection machine, a useful amount of the main

injection parameter, based mold clamping force is also useful
parameters, but mostly injection volume / mold clamping force to a main
feature of the injection machine.

There are national standards Ministry of Light Industry Standard,

the Department of Mechanical and national standards. Injection Model The
letter S denotes a plastic machinery, Z represents a injection machine,
X represents shaped, Y represents a screw (not represented plunger Y)
and the like.

Using 3) injection machine

Selection of an injection machine comprising two aspects: First,

determine the model injection machine, plastic, plastic parts, injection
molding and injection process or the like as required in the
specifications of the injector injection machine specifications selected
adjustable range inside; First, adjust the injection parameters to
machine the required technical parameters.

(1) Select the type of injection machine

The plastic selected varieties, the plastic structural member

forming method, the production lot, the conventional injection process
equipment and the like.
 (2) injection machine specifications primaries

Based on past experience and the size of the injection mold, the
injection machine to a preselected type, to be performed after the
following check.

(3) check the injection machine parameters

1) The maximum injection volume check

Together with the plastic parts, including the general quality of

frozen material should not exceed 80% of the nominal injector injection
amount, an injection machine represented in nominal capacity.

2) injection pressure check

Well-known injection machine injection pressure is greater than the

molding pressure.

3) check the clamping force

Due to the cavity is filled, will produce a significant axial thrust

along the high pressure injection of plastic melt machine, this force
should be less than the nominal clamping force injection machine,
otherwise an overflow phenomenon.

4) check the size of the mounting portion

It should include checking the size of the nozzle holes, the

positioning ring, the maximum thickness of the die mold thickness and
the smallest template.

a) Nozzle size

Injection machine nozzle tip radius R1 of the spherical end should

always be spherical radius R2 coincide with the mold sprue, the melt
overflows from the high pressure to avoid the slit. R1 R2 should
generally be large than 1 ~ 2mm, or plastic material within the sprue
condensate not prolapse.
 b) positioning ring in order to make the size of the mold sprue
center line of the injector nozzle centerline coincident, the overall
structure of positioning ring or sprue bush of the mold locating ring on
the stationary platen of the injection shall outer dimension d
positioning holes was stationary template clearance fit relatively
loose.

c) the maximum and minimum mold thickness

Mold should be designed so that the total thickness of the mold die
positioned between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the
injection molding machine may mold installation. Mold dimensions should
also be checked, so that between the mold from an injection machine
loaded lever.

d) screw size

Movable platen of the injection mold, and injection, respectively,

should be stationary platen motor template, screw holes adapted to a
given template. Installation on the mold injection machine and a
stationary platen fixed bolt.

e) check opening stroke and ejection mechanism

Opening stroke injection machine is limited, plastic removed from

the mold from the mold required for injection molding machine must be
less than the maximum distance mold, or plastic can not be removed from
the mold. Mold opening distance is generally be divided into two cases:
First, when using the injection molding machine clamping mechanism
acting hydraulic machinery for the maximum opening stroke determines the
maximum stroke of a link mechanism, not affected by the mold thickness
of the injection machine, i.e., independent of the maximum opening
stroke of the mold thickness; the second is when the injection machine
clamping mechanism acting hydraulic of mechanical joint, the greatest
impact stroke determines the maximum opening stroke of the link
mechanism, and the mold by the injection machine, i.e., the maximum
thickness of the mold stroke of the mold thickness.

6, press

Compression molding plastic and equipment used are injection-molding

press.

1) Classification press

Press into its transmission mode of mechanical presses and hydraulic

presses. Pressure inaccurate mechanical press, large motion noise, easy
to wear, only be applied to small devices; function provides hydraulic
pressure to obtain a large stroke, adjustable working pressure, simple
structure, convenient operation, smooth, using very extensive.

2) hydraulic machine specifications and parameters

Table 2-12 lists the technical parameters of the conventional

hydraulic press.

3) the relationship between the press and the mold

(1) forming the total pressure check

Total pressure and the geometry of the molding plastic parts, the
horizontal projection area of the relevant molding process.

(2) The mold opening force and ejection force of the check

Calculating a) the mold opening force

When the mold opening force machines, do not need to check the mold
opening force.

b) release force

Release force is plastic parts from the mold ejection forces.

(3) clamping the mold and mold opening stroke height check

Mold clamping height should be the maximum and minimum distance

between the opening of the press down the template.
 (4) Press the work surface about the size of the check

(5) Mold Release relationship with the press means

a) manual ejection mechanism

b) the top of the bracket

c) a hydraulic ejector mechanism

Mold ejection mechanism must be compatible with an ejection

mechanism of the press, ie, less than the desired stroke of the press
mold Release maximum ejection stroke; tail shaft of the mold and the
press ram thread should coincide.

7, an extruder

Plastic extrusion molding apparatus used is an extruder.

(1) extrusion molding process

Extrusion molding a continuous plastic sheet is manufactured, a

method bars, extrusion molding a plastic is solid at a certain
temperature and pressure conditions, the molten, plasticized by an
extruder screw (or plunger) pressurization, it becomes continuous with
the cross-sectional profile similar to the shape of the die through a
die of a particular shape.

Suitable for extrusion molding all thermoplastics and thermoset

plastics part.

Categories (2) of the extruder

Is the working principle of the extruder: screw rotates in the

barrel, compaction of the material is continuously pushed, the material
under the action of high shear, friction, plus other than the heater,
gradually and uniformly after melting, at a constant pressure and flow
extruded from the handpiece.

Shape extruder and injection molding machine with a very similar

principle, except that the extruder is fed continuously, so that
continuous movement of the screw. Extruder is generally divided into a
single screw extruder and a twin screw extruder, two kinds, according to
the spatial position of the screw in the extruder can be divided into
horizontal and vertical extruder. Horizontal screw extruder is placed
horizontally, convenient to complete the production of various articles,
is widely used. Vertical screw extruder is disposed vertically, since
the vertical auxiliary extruder is difficult preparation machine, the
machine height and larger size, it is generally only adopted
minicomputer.

Specification (3) and the main parameters of the extruder

The main parameters of the extruder screw diameter, the screw

rotation number, length to diameter ratio (meaning the ratio between the
effective screw length to diameter), motor power and the like. Table 2-
16 as part of the main parameters of the extruder -made.