Sheets of Numerical

Benha University Subject: Mathematics
Benha Faculty of Engineering Second Year 2017 – 2018

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
‫تمارين الرياضيات‬
‫إعداد‬
‫ دعاء أحمد عبدالوهاب حماد‬.‫د‬
‫ تامر محمد راجح‬.‫د‬
‫مدرس الرياضيات الهندسية‬
‫بكلية الهندسة ببنها‬
‫جامعة بنها‬
‫الفرقة الثانية‬
2018-2017
Page 1 of 54 Best wishes Dr. Doaa Hammad & Tamer Rageh

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
Sheet No. 1: System of Linear Equations

[1] Obtain five iterations of Ritz – Jacobi and Gauss – Seidel methods to solve the following system
of linear equations
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 𝑧 = 1,
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 2,
5𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3,
Give an estimation to the upper bound truncation error after these steps

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[2] Approximate 3 – iterative solution for the following system of linear equations by using Gauss
– Seidel method with zero initial values:
−2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 5,
5𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 10,
𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1,
(i) How many steps are needed for the solution to be accurate up 4 decimals by using Ritz
– Jacobi method?
(ii) How many steps are needed for the solution to be accurate up 4 decimals by using
Gauss – Seidel method?

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[3] Solve the following system of linear equations:

16𝑥 + 40𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 55,
−2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 16𝑧 = −38,
14𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = −10,
(i) Obtain 7 iterations of Ritz – Jacobi method
(ii) Obtain 5 iterations of Gauss – Seidel method

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[4] Use Gauss – Seidel method with zero initial values to find five iterations of the following
system of linear equations:
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 8,
4𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −3,
5𝑥 + 20𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 5,
– Jacobi method?

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[5] Solve the following system of linear equations:

−𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 𝑧 = 1,
−𝑦 + 4𝑧 − 𝑤 = 1,
4𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1,
−𝑧 + 4𝑤 = 1,
(i) Obtain 5 iterations of Ritz – Jacobi method
(ii) Obtain 5 iterations of Gauss – Seidel method
Give an estimation to the upper bound truncation error after these steps

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[6] Use Gauss – Seidel method with zero initial values to find 3 iterations of the following system
of linear equations:
𝑦 − 𝑧 = −1,
−𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1,
𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0,
– Jacobi method?

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[7] Use Gauss – Seidel method with zero initial values to find 3 iterations of the following system
of linear equations:
4𝑦 − 16𝑧 = −8.94146,
−16𝑥 + 4𝑦 = −33.74459,
4𝑥 − 16𝑦 + 4𝑧 = −11.56627,
How many steps are needed for the solution to be accurate up 4 decimals by using Ritz – Jacobi
method?

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[8] Use Gauss – Seidel method with (1.04, 1.17, 1.39) initial values to find 3 iterations of the
following system of linear equations:
20𝑦 − 49𝑧 = −44.7362,
−10.14286𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 3.4881,
12𝑥 − 31𝑦 + 20𝑧 = 4,
How many steps are needed for the solution to be accurate up 3 decimals by using Ritz – Jacobi
method?

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[9] Solve the following system of linear equations by using Ritz – Jacobi method (Find only
three iterations).
−2𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 9
3𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 − 5𝑥3 = 0
𝑥1 − 2𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = −4

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[10] Solve the following system of linear equations by using Gauss – Seidel method (Find only
three iterations).
2 1 0 0 𝑥1 4
[1 2 1 0] [𝑥2 ] = [ 8 ]
0 1 2 1 𝑥3 12
0 0 1 2 𝑥4 11

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[11] Solve the following system of linear equations by using the best iterative method to approximate the
solution. (Find only four iterations).
12 𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 − −5𝑥3 = 1
𝑥1 + 5𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 28
3𝑥1 + 7𝑥2 + 13𝑥3 = 76

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[12] The electrical network shown can be viewed as consisting of three loops. Applying
Kirchhoff’s law (Σ voltage drops= Σ voltage sources) to each loop yields the following equations
for the loop currents 𝑖1 , 𝑖2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖3 :
5i1 + 15(i1 − i3 ) = 220 V
R(i2 − i3 ) + 5i2 + 10i2 = 220 V
20i3 + R(i3 − i2 ) + 15(i3 − i1 ) = 220 V
Compute the three loop currents for 𝑅 = 5,10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 20Ω.

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[13] Solve the following system of linear equations by using Gauss – Seidel method (Find only
three iterations).
10 5 −30 2 4 𝑥1 10
−5 16 7 2 −1 𝑥2 35
20 −3 12 1 𝑥
−2 3 = 15
1 1 1 −15 1 𝑥4 −25
[ 2 −3 2 ]
−3 20 5 [ 𝑥 ] [ 14 ]

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
Sheet No. 2: Non-Linear equations

[1] Solve the nonlinear equation 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 5 in the interval [1,2]. (Approximate only 3 – iterative
steps).
[2] Solve the nonlinear equation 𝑒 𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 = 0 in the interval [0,1]. (Approximate only 3 –
iterative steps).

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[3] Solve the nonlinear equation 3𝑥 − cos(𝑥) = 0 by using fixed-point iterative method with
𝑥0 = 0.5.
[4] Solve the nonlinear equation 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 = 0 by using fixed-point iterative meyhod.

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[5] Obtain the three roots of 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0 by using Newton’s method.
[6] Solve the nonlinear equation 𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0 by using Newton’s method. Use 𝑥0 = 1 as

the starting value.

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[7] Find one positive root of the equation 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − ln 𝑥 = 0, by using Newton-Raphson method
(correct to four decimal places), discuss the convergence condition.
[8] Use a suitable iterative method to find the positive root of the nonlinear equation:
𝑥 – 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 0.25, correct to three decimal places and take 𝑥0 = 1.2.

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[9] Obtain the solution for the following nonlinear equation 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 1 by using:
(i) Newton-Raphson method (correct to 3 decimal places)
(ii) Fixed-point iterative meyhod (correct to 3 decimal places)

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[10] Use Newton-Raphson method to find a root of 𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑥, take the initial point 𝑥0 = 1, stop
after three iterations.
[11] Solve the equation 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 10 = 0, 𝑥 ∈ (1,2), Correct to 4-decimal places, by using

Newton-Raphson method.

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[12] Obtain the solution for the following nonlinear equation of 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 1 = 0 by using:
(i) Newton-Raphson method (correct to 3 decimal places)
(ii) Fixed-point iterative meyhod (correct to 3 decimal places)

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
Sheet No. 3: Fitting of Curves

[1] Find the least – square straight line that fits the data in the following table:
𝑥 1 1 3 4 5 6
𝑦 2.04 4.12 5.64 7.18 4.2 12.04
[2] Find the least – square straight line that fits the data in the following table:
𝑥 0 1 3 4 5
𝑦 3 5 9 11 13

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[3] Fit the data in the following table by a function of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑒 𝑏𝑥
𝑥 –2 –1 0 2 4
𝑦 1 2 4 6 12

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[4] Fit the data in the following table by

(i) A function of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑒 −𝑏𝑥 .
(ii) A polynomial of the 3rd degree.
𝑥 –3 –2 -1 0 1 2 3
𝑦 27 16 9 1 8 18 26

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
1
[5] Fit the data in the following table by a function of the form 𝑦 = 2+ 𝑎 𝑒 𝑏𝑥 and find 𝑦(5).
𝑥 –4 –2 0 2 4
1 1 1 1 1
𝑦
3 5
6 8 10

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
1
[6] Fit the data in the following table by a function of the form 𝑦 = 2+ 𝑎( 𝑏𝑥 ) and find 𝑦(5).
𝑥 –4 –2 0 2 4
1 1 1 1 1
𝑦
3 5
6 8 10

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[7] For the data
𝑥 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

𝑦 1 4 5 8 7 6
(i) Fit the data to the form 𝑦 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥 3
(ii) Find y(0.2) and y(3.5).

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[8] Fit the following data to the form 𝑦 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥 3 and find y(0) :
𝑥 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

𝑦 3 4 6 9 8 7

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[9] Fit the reading data to the exponential curve 𝑦 = 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑥 .
𝑥 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

𝑦 1.12 0.92 0.75 0.61 0.51 0.42

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[10] Fit the following data to a polynomial of second degree:

x F(x)
0.4 5.1600
0.6 3.6933
0.8 3.1400
1 3.0000
1.2 3.1067

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
Sheet No. 4: Polynomial Interpolation

[1] Interpolate the data in the table by using the Lagrange interpolation. Find the value of x if y(x)=0.
x 1 2 5
y(x) 4 6 9
[2] Interpolate the data in the table by using the Lagrange interpolation. Find the value of x if y(x)=0.
x 1 5 7
y(x) 2 10 5

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[3] For the following data, Interpolate a polynomial to find y(3.5) and y(18.5). Discuss the
accuracy at the interpolated point if |𝑦 (2𝑖) (𝑥)| < 10−𝑖 , ∀ 𝑥 ∈ [0,20], 𝑖 = 1,2,3, ⋯.
x 0 4 8 12 16 20
y 8 7 5 2 3 4

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[4] Interpolate the following data than find 𝑦(1) and the error at 𝑥 = 0.5 if 𝑦 (𝑖) < 10−𝑖
x 0 2 4 6 8 10
y(x) 1 0 1 3 5 6

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[5] For the following data, Interpolate a polynomial to find y(0.2) and y(3.5). Discuss the accuracy
at the interpolated point if |𝑦 (6) (𝑥)| < 0.01.
x 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
y 1 4 5 8 7 6
[6] For the data in the following table Interpolate a polynomial to find y(0):
x 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
y 3 4 6 9 8 7

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
1 1
[7] If 𝑦(2) = 𝑦(4) = 𝑦(8) = 2 𝑦 ′ (2) = 𝑦 ′′ (2) = 3 𝑦 ′′′ (2) = 2 𝑦 ′ (4) = 2 𝑦 ′′ (4) = 20, use the
Hermite interpolation to find 𝑦(1). Discuss the accuracy at the interpolated point if
|𝑦 (3𝑖−1) | ≤ 10−2𝑖 , ∀ 𝑥 ∈ [2,8], 𝑖 = 1,2,3, ⋯.

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[8] For the following data, use the Hermite interpolation to find 𝑦(0.2). Discuss the accuracy at
the interpolated point if |𝑦 (3𝑖) | ≤ 8−𝑖 , ∀ 𝑥 ∈ [0,2], 𝑖 = 1,2,3, ⋯.
x 0 1 2
y 10 26 12
𝑦′ 45 -8 11

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[9] For the following data, use the Hermite interpolation to find 𝑦(1). Discuss the accuracy at the
interpolated point if |𝑦 (3𝑖) | ≤ 10−𝑖 , ∀ 𝑥 ∈ [0,3], 𝑖 = 1,2,3, ⋯.
x 0 2 3
y 12 12 12
𝑦′ 12 12 12
𝑦 ′′ --- --- 12
′′′
𝑦 --- --- 12

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
1 1
[10] If 𝑦(2) = 𝑦(4) = 𝑦(8) = 2 𝑦 ′ (2) = 𝑦 ′′ (2) = 3 𝑦 ′′′ (2) = 2 𝑦 ′ (4) = 2 𝑦 ′′ (4) = 60, use
the Hermite interpolation to find 𝑦(1). Discuss the accuracy at the interpolated point if
|𝑦 (3𝑖−1) | ≤ 10−2𝑖 , ∀ 𝑥 ∈ [2,8], 𝑖 = 1,2,3, ⋯.

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
Sheet No. 5: Differentiation and Integration

[1] Evaluate the following integral:
1
∫ (3𝑥 2 + 2)𝑑𝑥
0
by using the trapezoidal rule for n = 1, 2, 4, and 8 intervals. Compute the absolute errors.

2
∫ (5𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥
0
By using Simpson's rule for n = 2 and 4 intervals. Compute the absolute errors and the
percentage errors.

Date: Department:
Name: Section:

1
∫ (3𝑥 2 + 2)𝑑𝑥
0
By using 3/8 rule for n = 3 intervals. Compute the absolute errors and the percentage errors.
1 1
[4] Use Romberg-Stefiel to evaluate ∫0 𝑑𝑥 with 8-subintervals.
1+𝑥 3

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
1 2
[5] Evaluate ∫0 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥, by using 3/8 rule, take n=9.
5 1
[6] Evaluate ∫2 (1+√ln 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 by using Romberg Stefiel method with four subintervals, then
find the absolute error if the exact solution of the above integration is 1.434817821.

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[7] For the given data:

𝑥 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
𝑦 0 1 1.5 2 3 5 8.5 14 22
4
Evaluate ∫0 𝑦(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 using composite Simpson’s method.
4 4
[8] Evaluate ∫0 (𝑥 2 +1) 𝑑𝑥 by using Simpson’s rule and Romberg Stefiel method with four
subintervals.

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
Sheet No. 6: Ordinary Differential equations

[1] Solve the initial value problem 𝑦 ′ − 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2 = 0 and 𝑦(0) = 1 to find 𝑦(0.4) with ℎ =
0.2 by using:
(i) Euler 1 method
(ii) Euler 2 method.
(iii) Second order Runge – Kutta method.

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[2] Use Runge – Kutta of second order approximation method to obtain 𝑦(1.2) and 𝑦(1.3) if
ln 𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ + 𝑥𝑦 − 1 = 0 and 𝑦(1) = 0, then find the absolute error if the exact solution is 𝑦(𝑥) = 𝑥
[3] Solve the initial value problem 𝑦 ′ + 2 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 and 𝑦(0) = 1 to find 𝑦(0.4) by using
(i) Runge – Kutta of second order (RK2) approximation method.
(ii) Runge – Kutta of fourth order (RK4) approximation method.

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[4] Find y(1.1) by Euler 1 method for the differential equation 𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 + 𝑦 2 and 𝑦(1) = 1.2.
[5] Solve the 2 – points boundary value problem: 𝑦 ′′ + 2(2 − 𝑥)𝑦 ′ = 2(2 − 𝑥), 𝑦(0) = −1
and 𝑦(4) = 3, by using the finite difference method ( Take ℎ = 1).
(Find only three iterations of Gauss – Seidel method with zero initial values)

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[6] Find the solution of y(0.2) and y(0.4) for the IVP 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 and 𝑦(0) = 1 by using RK2 and
RK4.
[7] Mention only the equations for solving the 2 – points boundary value problem:
𝑥 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ = 𝑦, 𝑦(0) = 1 and 𝑦(1) = 2, by using the finite difference method ( Take ℎ =
0.2).

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[8] Solve the ordinary differential equation:

𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 if 𝑦(0) = 𝑦(2) = 1 to find 𝑦(0.5), 𝑦(1) and 𝑦(1.5)
(Find only 2 – iterative steps of Gauss – Seidel method)

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[9] Mention only the equations for solving the 2 – points boundary value problem for 𝑦 ′′ −
𝑥𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑦(0) = 𝑦(2) = 3 to approximate a system of y(0.5), y(1) and y(1.5).
[10] Solve the ordinary differential equation:

𝑦 ′′ = 𝑥𝑦 + 1 if 𝑦(1) = 𝑦(2) = 1 to find 𝑦(1.2), 𝑦(1.4), 𝑦(1.6) and 𝑦(1.8)
(Find only 2 – iterative steps of Gauss – Seidel method)

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
Sheet No. 7: Partial Differential equations

[1] Mention only the equations for solving the elliptic problem 𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 𝑢𝑦𝑦 = 𝑦 ln 𝑥
if the boundary conditions are 𝑢(0, 𝑦) = 0 and 𝑢(1, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑦 ∀𝑦 ∈ [0,2], and
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑥 and 𝑢(𝑥, 2) = 𝑥𝑒 2 ∀𝑥 ∈ [0,1]. ( Take ℎ = 𝑘 = 0.5).
[2] If ∇2 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 on the domain bounded by 𝑥 = ±1, 𝑦 = ±0.5 and 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 1 on the

boundary. Approximate a linear system for 𝑢(−0.5,0), 𝑢(0,0) and 𝑢(0.5,0).

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[3] Use the explicit method to solve the heat equation 𝑢𝑡 = 𝑢𝑥𝑥 for 𝑥𝜖[0,1], subject to 𝑢(0, 𝑡) =
𝑢(1, 𝑡) = 0 and 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑥(𝑥 − 1). Take ℎ = 0.1, and 𝑘 = 0.001 to find the values of
𝑢(0.1 𝑖, 0.002), 𝑖 = 1,2,3, ⋯ ,9.

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
1
[4] Drive the condition of convergence of the explicit method (𝑟 ≤ 2) to solve the heat equation
𝑢𝑡 = 𝑢𝑥𝑥 .

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[5] Use Crank – Nicholson method (implicit method) to solve the heat equation 𝑢𝑡 = 𝑢𝑥𝑥 for
1
2𝑥, 0≤𝑥≤2
𝑥𝜖[0,1], subject to 𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 𝑢(1, 𝑡) = 0 and 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = { 1
2(1 − 𝑥), <𝑥≤1
2
Take ℎ = 0.1, and 𝑘 = 0.01 to find the values of 𝑢(0.1 𝑖, 0.01), 𝑖 = 1,2,3, ⋯ ,9.
(Find only two iterations of Gauss – Seidel method with zero initial values)

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[6] approximate a linear system of  2 u = x 2  y 2 at

 1  1  1 1  1 1
 0, ,   ,0 ,  , ,   , 
 2  2  2 2  2 2
if u ( x, y )  0 on the boundary of x  1 y  1

Date: Department:
Name: Section:
[7] 𝑢 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑢𝑡 , Subject to u(0, t) = u(1, t) = 0, t  0 and u(x, 0) = sin x, x(0,1).

Use a suitable stable method to find u(0.1i, 0.1), i = 1(1)9.

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Benha University Subject: Mathematics

Benha Faculty of Engineering Second Year 2017 – 2018

Page 1 of 54 Best wishes Dr. Doaa Hammad & Tamer Rageh

Sheet No. 1: System of Linear Equations

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[3] Solve the following system of linear equations:

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[5] Solve the following system of linear equations:

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Sheet No. 2: Non-Linear equations

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[4] Solve the nonlinear equation 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 = 0 by using fixed-point iterative meyhod.

Page 16 of 54 Best wishes Dr. Doaa Hammad & Tamer Rageh

[5] Obtain the three roots of 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0 by using Newton’s method.

[6] Solve the nonlinear equation 𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0 by using Newton’s method. Use 𝑥0 = 1 as

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[11] Solve the equation 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 10 = 0, 𝑥 ∈ (1,2), Correct to 4-decimal places, by using

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Sheet No. 3: Fitting of Curves

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[4] Fit the data in the following table by

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[7] For the data

𝑥 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

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𝑥 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

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[9] Fit the reading data to the exponential curve 𝑦 = 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑥 .

𝑥 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

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[10] Fit the following data to a polynomial of second degree:

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Sheet No. 4: Polynomial Interpolation

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Sheet No. 5: Differentiation and Integration

[2] Evaluate the following integral:

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[3] Evaluate the following integral:

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[7] For the given data: