xc

g Proj: Admin
Ref :
Tel:d Date: 24/08/17
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Rafter or sloping roof

Top of rafter is pinned and restrained against horizontal and vertical movement.
Bottom of rafter is pinned and unrestrained against horizontal movement.
Positive reactions are as shown in diagram.
Sagging moments and deflections are positive.
Axial compressive forces are positive.

Rafter properties
Projection onto horizontal b = 3m
Projection onto vertical c = 1m
Elastic Modulus E = 8800 N/mm2
Depth D = 250 mm
Width W = 47 mm
Moment of inertia I = 6119.79 cm4
Length of rafter r = (b2+c2)0.5
= ((3)2+(1)2)0.5
= 3.16 m
Slope of rafter in radians  = atan(c/b)
r
= atan(1/3)
= 0.32 radians
Slope of rafter in degrees  = 18.43 degrees
d

Load details
Vertical UDL per unit length of rafter
w1 = 2 kN/m
Vertical UDL on plan w2 = 2 kN/m
Wind suction normal to rafter w3 = 2 kN/m

Forces in rafter
Vertical load on inclined length (w1)
Total load due to w1 W(1) = w1*r
= 2*3.16
= 6.32 kN
Maximum moment normal to rafter M(1) = W(1)*cos( )*r/8
r
= W(1)*cos(0.32)*3.16/8
= 2.37 kNm
Maximum deflection De(1) = 5*W(1)*cos( )*r3*1000/(384*E*I)
r
= 5*W(1)*cos(0.32)*(3.16)3*1000/(384*8800000*(6.12*10-5))
= 4.59 mm
Span by deflection ratio sd(1) = r*1000/ABS(De(1))
= 3.16*1000/ABS(De(1))
= 689.33
Deflection by span ratio ds(1) = 1/sd(1)
= 0.0015
Vertical reaction at A V (1) = W(1)/2
a
 = 3.16 kN
Vertical reaction at B V (1) = W(1)/2
b
= 3.16 kN
Horizontal reaction at B H (1) = 0 kN
b
Horizontal reaction at A H (1) = 0 kN
a
Axial force at A F (1) = V (1)*sin( )+H (1)*cos( )
a a r a r
= Va(1)*sin(0.32)+Ha(1)*cos(0.32)
= 1 kN
Axial force at B F (1) = H (1)*cos( )-V (1)*sin( )
b b r b r
= Hb(1)*cos(0.32)-Vb(1)*sin(0.32)
= -1 kN
Shear force at A S (1) = V (1)*cos( )-H (1)*sin( )
a a r a r
= Va(1)*cos(0.32)-Ha(1)*sin(0.32)
= 3 kN
Shear force at B S (1) = V (1)*cos( )+H (1)*sin( )
b b r b r
= Vb(1)*cos(0.32)+Hb(1)*sin(0.32)
= 3 kN

Vertical load on projected length (w2)

Total load due to w2 W(2) = w2*b
= 2*3
= 6 kN
Maximum moment normal to rafter M(2) = W(2)*cos( )*r/8
r
= W(2)*cos(0.32)*3.16/8
= 2.25 kNm
Maximum deflection De(2) = 5*W(2)*cos( )*r3*1000/(384*E*I)
r
= 5*W(2)*cos(0.32)*(3.16)3*1000/(384*8800000*(6.12*10-5))
= 4.35 mm
Span by deflection ratio sd(2) = r*1000/ABS(De(2))
= 3.16*1000/ABS(De(2))
= 726.62
Deflection by span ratio ds(2) = 1/sd(2)
= 0.0014
Vertical reaction at A V (2) = W(2)/2
a
= 3 kN
Vertical reaction at B V (2) = W(2)/2
b
= 3 kN
Horizontal reaction at B H (2) = 0 kN
b
Horizontal reaction at A H (2) = 0 kN
a
Axial force at A F (2) = V (2)*sin( )+H (2)*cos( )
a a r a r
= Va(2)*sin(0.32)+Ha(2)*cos(0.32)
= 0.95 kN
Axial force at B F (2) = H (2)*cos( )-V (2)*sin( )
b b r b r
= Hb(2)*cos(0.32)-Vb(2)*sin(0.32)
= -0.95 kN
Shear force at A S (2) = V (2)*cos( )-H (2)*sin( )
a a r a r
= Va(2)*cos(0.32)-Ha(2)*sin(0.32)
= 2.85 kN
Shear force at B S (2) = V (2)*cos( )+H (2)*sin( )
b b r b r
= Vb(2)*cos(0.32)+Hb(2)*sin(0.32)
= 2.85 kN

Normal suction load on inclined length (w3)

Total load due to w3 W(3) = w3*r
= 2*3.16
= 6.32 kN
Maximum moment normal to rafter M(3) = -W(3)*r/8
= -W(3)*3.16/8
= -2.5 kNm
Maximum deflection De(3) = -5*W(3)*r3*1000/(384*E*I)
= -5*W(3)*(3.16)3*1000/(384*8800000*(6.12*10-5))
= -4.84 mm
Span by deflection ratio sd(3) = r*1000/ABS(De(3))
= 3.16*1000/ABS(De(3))
= 653.96
Deflection by span ratio ds(3) = 1/sd(3)
= 0.0015
Vertical reaction at A V (3) = -W(3)*r/(2*b)
a
= -W(3)*3.16/(2*3)
= -3.33 kN
Vertical reaction at B V (3) = -V (3)-W(3)*cos( )
b a r
= -Va(3)-W(3)*cos(0.32)
= -2.67 kN
Horizontal reaction at B H (3) = -W(3)*sin( )
b r
= -W(3)*sin(0.32)
= -2 kN
Horizontal reaction at A H (3) = 0 kN
a
Axial force at A F (3) = V (3)*sin( )+H (3)*cos( )
a a r a r
= Va(3)*sin(0.32)+Ha(3)*cos(0.32)
= -1.05 kN
Axial force at B F (3) = H (3)*cos( )-V (3)*sin( )
b b r b r
= Hb(3)*cos(0.32)-Vb(3)*sin(0.32)
= -1.05 kN
Shear force at A S (3) = V (3)*cos( )-H (3)*sin( )
a a r a r
= Va(3)*cos(0.32)-Ha(3)*sin(0.32)
= -3.16 kN
Shear force at B S (3) = V (3)*cos( )+H (3)*sin( )
b b r b r
= Vb(3)*cos(0.32)+Hb(3)*sin(0.32)
= -3.16 kN

Summary of forces
Vertical reaction at A V = 2.83 kN
a
Vertical reaction at B V = 3.5 kN
b
Horizontal reaction at B H = -2 kN
b
Maximum moment M = 2.12 kNm
Axial force at A F = 0.89 kN
a
Axial force at B F = -3 kN
b
Shear force at A S = 2.68 kN
a
Shear force at B S = 2.68 kN
b
Maximum deflection De = 4.1 mm
Span to deflection ratio sd = 770.56