Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Vol. 2
Problem
1 1 1
If a, b, c > 0 and + + = 3 then
a b c
1 1 1
+ + 61
a2 + b + 1 b2 + c + 1 c2 + a + 1
Contents
1 Problem 1 1
2 Problem 2 3
3 Problem 3 3
4 Problem 4 4
5 Problem 5 5
6 Problem 6 5
7 Problem 7 6
8 Problem 8 6
9 Problem 9 7
10 Problem 10 7
11 Reference 8
Problem
1. Problem 1
1 1 1
If a, b, c > 0 and + + = 3 then
a b c
1 1 1
+ + 61
a2 + b + 1 b2 + c + 1 c2 + a + 1
Proposed by Pham Quoc Sang
Solution 1 by Le Minh Cuong, Nguyen Ngoc Tu, Nguyen Minh Tri, Viet Nam - Sanong Huayreai,
Nakon Pathom, Thailand.
The art of Inequality — 2/8
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + ≤ + +
a2 + b + 1 b2 + c + 1 c2 + a + 1 2a + b 2b + c 2c + a
1 1 1 9
On the other hand, applying+ + ≥ , we get
X Y Z X +Y + Z
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + ≤ + + + + + + + + =1
2a + b 2b + c 2c + a 9 a a b b b c c c a
So
1 1 1
+ + ≤1
a2 + b + 1 b2 + c + 1 c2 + a + 1
The equality holds for a = b = c = 1.
Solution 2 by David Bonclay.
By BCS Inequality, we get
a2 + b + 1 1 + b + c2 > (a + b + c)2
So
1 1 + b + c2
6
a2 + b + 1 (a + b + c)2
And
1 1 1 3 + a + b + c + a2 + b2 + c2
+ + 6
a2 + b + 1 b2 + c + 1 c2 + a + 1 (a + b + c)2
We need prove that
3 + a + b + c + a2 + b2 + c2 6 (a + b + c)2
⇔ 3 + a + b + c 6 2 (ab + bc + ca)
1 1 1 3 1 1 1
⇔ + + + 62 + + = 6 (∗)
ab bc ca abc a b c
On the other hand, we have
1 1 1 1 2
1 1 1
+ + 6 + + =3
ab bc ca 3 a b c
1 1 1 3
3 + +
a b c
6 3 =3
abc 3
So (∗) right.
The equality holds for a = b = c = 1.
Solution 3 by Daniel Sitaru, Romania.
1 1 1
Let x = , y = , z = → x + y + z = 3
a b c
The art of Inequality — 3/8
By AM − GM we have
1 1 1
+ +
a2 + b + 1 b2 + c + 1 c2 + a + 1
x2 y y2 z z2 x
= + +
x2 y + x2 + y y2 z + y2 + z z2 x + z2 + x
!
1 x2 y y2 z z2 x
6 p +p +√3 4 2
3 3 x4 y2 3
y4 z2 z x
1 p
3
p p3
= x2 y + 3 y2 z + z2 x
3
1 x+x+y y+y+z z+z+x
6 + + =1
3 3 3 3
The equality holds for a = b = c = 1.
2. Problem 2
1 1 1
If a, b, c are positive real numbers such that + + = 3, then
a b c
1 1 1
+ + ≤1
a3 + b2 + 1 b3 + c2 + 1 c3 + a2 + 1
Proposed by Le Minh Cuong
Solution by proposer.
Since
AM−GM
3a3 + 3b2 + 3 = a3 + a3 + b2 + b2 + b2 + 1 + a3 + 1 + 1 ≥ 6ab + 3a ⇔ a3 + b2 + 1 ≥ 2ab + a
we get
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + ≤ + +
a3 + b2 + 1 b3 + c2 + 1 c3 + a2 + 1 2ab + a 2bc + b 2ca + c
1 1 1 9
On the other hand, applying + + ≥ , we get
X Y Z X +Y + Z
2 1 1 1 2 1
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + ≤ + + + + + ≤ + + + =1
2ab + a 2bc + b 2ca + c 9 ab bc ac 9 a b c 27 a b c 3
3. Problem 3
If a, b, c > 0 and ab + bc + ca = 3 then
1 1 1
+ + 61
a3 + b2 + c b3 + c2 + a c3 + a2 + b
The art of Inequality — 4/8
a3 + b2 + c 1 + b + c2 (1 + 1 + 1) > (a + b + c)3
So
3 1 + b + c2
1
6
a3 + b2 + c (a + b + c)3
And
3 3 + a + b + c + a2 + b2 + c2
1 1 1
+ + 6
a3 + b2 + c b3 + c2 + a c3 + a2 + b (a + b + c)3
We need prove that
(a + b + c)3 > 3 3 + a + b + c + a2 + b2 + c2
4. Problem 4
If a, b, c > 0 and a + b + c = 3 then
1 1 1
+ + 61
a2 + b + c b2 + c + a c2 + a + b
Proposed by Pham Kim Hung
Solution by Le Minh Cuong.
5. Problem 5
If a, b, c > 0 and a + b + c = 3 then
1 1 1
+ + 61
a2 + b2 + c b2 + c2 + a c2 + a2 + b
Proposed by Pham Quoc Sang
Solution by proposer.
By BCS Inequality, we have
a2 + b2 + c (1 + 1 + c) > (a + b + c)2
So
1 2+c
6
a2 + b2 + c (a + b + c)2
And
1 1 1 6+a+b+c
+ + 6 =1
a2 + b2 + c b2 + c2 + a c2 + a2 + b (a + b + c)2
The equality holds for a = b = c = 1.
6. Problem 6
1 1 1
If a, b, c are positive real numbers such that + + = 3, then
a b c
1 1 1 1
+ + ≤
4a3 + 3b2 + 2 4b3 + 3c2 + 2 4c3 + 3a2 + 2 3
Proposed by Le Minh Cuong
Solution 1 (by Hoang Le Nhat Tung) Since
AM−GM
4a3 + 3b2 + 2 = a3 + a3 + b2 + b2 + b2 + 1 + a3 + a3 + 1 ≥ 6ab + 3a2
we get
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 2
+ 3 2
+ 3 2
≤ 2
+ 2
+
4a + 3b + 2 4b + 3c + 2 4c + 3a + 2 3 2ab + a 2bc + b 2ca + c2
1 1 1 9
+ + ≥
On the other hand, applying , we get
X Y Z X +Y + Z
1 1 1 1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + ≤ 2· + + + 2+ 2+ 2 = + + =1
2ab + a2 2bc + b2 2ca + c2 9 ab bc ac a b c 9 a b c
Therefore,
1 1 1 1
+ + ≤
4a3 + 3b2 + 2 4b3 + 3c2 + 2 4c3 + 3a2 + 2 3
The equality holds for a = b = c = 1.
The art of Inequality — 6/8
7. Problem 7
Let a, b, c be positve real numbers such that a + b + c = 3. Prove that
1 1 1 1
+ + ≤
4a2 + b2 + c2 4b2 + c2 + a2 4c2 + a2 + b2 2
Proposed by Vasile Cirtoaje
Solution by proposer.
Accoding to Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, we have
9 (a + b + c)2 1 b2 c2
= ≤ + +
4a2 + b2 + c2 2a2 + (a2 + b2 ) + (a2 + c2 ) 2 a2 + b2 a2 + c2
Therefore,
b2 c2 b2 a2
9 3 3 9
∑ 4a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ 2 + ∑ a2 + b2 + a2 + c2 = 2 + ∑ a2 + b2 + a2 + b2 = 2
The equality holds for a = b = c = 1.
8. Problem 8
Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that abc = 1. Then,
1 1 1
2
+ 2
+ ≤1
1+a+b 1+b+c 1 + c + a2
The art of Inequality — 7/8
Solution by proposer.
Using the substitution
a = x3 , b = y3 , c = z3
we have to show that xyz = 1 involves
1 1 1
+ + ≤1
1 + x3 + y6 1 + y3 + z6 1 + z3 + x6
By the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, we have
1 z4 + x + y−2 ∑(z4 + x2 yz + x2 z2 )
≤
∑ 1 + x3 + y6 ∑ (z2 + x2 + y2)2 =
(x2 + y2 + z2 )2
So, it remains to show that
(x2 + y2 + z2 )2 ≥ ∑ x4 + xyz ∑ x + ∑ x2 y2
Which is equivalent to the known inequality
∑ x2y2 ≥ xyz ∑ x
The equality occurs for a = b = c = 1.
9. Problem 9
If a, b, c are positive real numbers such that ab + bc + ca = 3, then
a b c
+ + ≤1
a + a + b b + b + c c + c3 + a
3 3
10. Problem 10
If a, b, c > 0 and a + b + c = 3 then
1 1 1
+ + 61
a3 + b + c b3 + c + a c3 + a + b
Proposed by Vasile Cirtoaje
The art of Inequality — 8/8
11. Reference
• Symmetric rational and nonrational inequalitis, Vasile Cirtoaje, Romania, 2015.
• http://www.ssmrmh.ro/2017/12/09/cyclic-inequality-387/.