Grigore Tocilescu A Pioneer of Romanian

BIBLIOTHECA MUSEI APULENSIS X XIX
THE PIONEERS OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN ALBA IULIA AND BEYOND

ADALBERT CSERNI AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES
ADALBERT CSERNI AND
HIS CONTEMPORARIES
THE PIONEERS OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN ALBA IULIA AND BEYOND
ISBN 978-606-543-915-3
9 786065 439153
BIBL IO THE CA MU SE I APUL ENSIS XXIX
ALBA COUNT Y COUNCIL
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE UNION ALBA IULIA
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE TRANSYLVANIAN HISTORY CLUJ-NAPO CA
“1 DECEMBRIE 1918” UNIVERSIT Y OF ALBA IULIA
Adalbert Cserni
and his Contemporaries
The Pioneers of Archaeology
in Alba Iulia and Beyond
Editors:
Csaba Szabó
Viorica Rusu-Bolindeț
Gabriel Tiberiu Rustoiu
Mihai Gligor
Editura MEGA
Cluj‑Napoca
2017
This volume was published with the financial support of the County Council of Alba
and the National Museum of Union, Alba Iulia
Proceedings of the International Conference

„Adalbert Cserni and his Contemporaries. The Pioneers of Archaeology
in Alba Iulia and Beyond”,
held at Alba Iulia, Romania, 15-19th April 2016
Cover:
Dana Șerban‑Gheorghe
Front cover: Archives of the National Museum of Union, Alba Iulia (with the kind permission
of Gabriel Tiberiu Rustoiu).
Back cover: Achim‑Borș, fig. 2, Trapp, fig. 10 and Medvedeva, fig. 2. from this volume (with
the kind permission of the authors).
© Authors, 2017
ISBN 978‑606‑543‑915‑3
Editura Mega | www.edituramega.ro

e‑mail: mega@edituramega.ro
Contents
Foreword 9
Introduction 11
Program of the international conference 17
I. THE LIFE AND WORK OF ADALBERT CSERNI

Csaba Szabó
Reconstructing Béla Cserni’s biography 23
Viorica Rusu-Bolindeț
Adalbert Cserni’s contribution at the discovery of Governor’s Palace from
Apulum – old and new perspectives 35
Radu Ota
Adalbert Cserni and the Roman provincial art. Case studies from Apulum 53
II. SOCIAL AND ACADEMIC NETWORK OF THE PIONEERS

OF ARCHAEOLOGY
Irina Achim, Corina Borș
Grigore Tocilescu – a Pioneer of Romanian Archaeology in a European
Perspective 61
Ioan Bejinariu
Fetzer J. Ferencz (1856–1939) and the Archaeology from Sălaj 91
Olivér Gábor
Szőnyi Ottó’s time capsule from 1913 101
Kirill Gusev
The visit of D. N. Anuchin in Europe (1877–1879) and the international
cooperation in archaeology and physical anthropology 113
Eszter Istvánovits
András Jósa and his Contemporaries 119
Jenny Kaurin
Charles Cournault (1815–1904) á la découverte des collections pre-romaines
en Europe de L’Ouest (1873–1880) 131
Emanoil Pripon
Dr. Mártonfi Lajos (1857–1908), a precursor of Transylvanian museology 143
Vladislav Sobolev
People and fates. Pioneers of medieval archaeology in North-Western Russia
(1870–1914) 153
Adrienn Wéber
Juhász László (1842–1911), a pioneer of archaeology and antiquarian as founder
of the Museum of Pécs 167
III. THE BEGINNINGS OF URBAN ARCHAEOLOGY IN EUROPE

Florin-Gheorghe Fodorean
Archaeological sites recorded by Téglás István in the territory of Potaissa 187
Ana Cristina Hamat

Stories about Tibiscum. The research carried out by the priest Iosif Mircea
at the Roman ruins from Jupa 205
Julien Trapp
Johann Baptist Keune and Metz Museums (Moselle, France). The birth
of modern archaeology in the annexed region of Lorraine (1892–1918) 219
IV. FROM ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTIONS TO THE FIRST

MUSEUMS
Cristina Bodó
Archaeological research undertaken by the members of the History and
Archaeology Society of Hunedoara County 235
Delia Roxana Cornea

Unpublished testimonies about the beginnings of museology in Dobrudja
in the late 19th century 251
Evgenia Zastrozhnova
Archaeological materials from the excavations of Phanagoria (19th century)
in the collection of the State Historical Museum (Moscow) 265
V. NATIONALISM AND OTHER IDEOLOGIES
Phil Freeman
The consequences of Francis Haverfield’s visits east of Vienna in the 1880s 275
Heinrich Zabehlicky
A political research-history: The case of Bruckneudorf between Hungary and
Austria 321
Laura Coltofean
Zsófia Torma: A pioneer of prehistoric archaeology in nineteenth-century
Transylvania 327
Béla Santa
In ‘the interest of science... from distant Transylvania’: Zsófia Torma’s research
for British academic patronage 355
Csaba Szabó
Histories of archaeology in Transylvania. A short overview 373
Maria Medvedeva
The Imperial Archaeological Commission (1859–1919) and the national system
of archaeological investigation in Russia 401
Abbreviations 413
List of Contributors 415

Grigore Tocilescu – a Pioneer of Romanian
Archaeology in a European Perspective
Irina Achim, Corina Borș
Abstract: Pioneer of archaeological research in Romania, Grigore G. Tocilescu

(1850–1909), professor of ancient history at the University of Bucharest and direc-
tor of the Museum of National Antiquities, is undoubtedly a major figure of the
Romanian academic environment of late 19th century, his work and notoriety sur-
passing at that time the national borders. By this paper are brought into atten-
tion documents about Tocilescu’s activity from a rich archive resource, largely
unpublished, preserved in two major collections (at the Manuscripts Department
of the Romanian Academy’s Library and the Historic Archive of the “Vasile Pârvan”
Institute of Archaeology in Bucharest). Although a series of scholarly papers about
the life and activity of Grigore G. Tocilescu, in the collections of the Library of the
Romanian Academy is preserved a major documentary fund on this topic, subject
to a detailed research undertaken by the authors of this article. As a result, is pub-
lished for the first time a detailed inventory about Tocilescu’s private correspon-
dence, the active and the pasive ones. As an example is brought to the attention
one of the letters, send by Gustav von Cube to Grigore G. Tocilescu, in 1906. Our
pursuit outlines the numerous collaborations of Grigore G. Tocilescu with specialists
for historic and archaeological researches, in order to substantiate the professional
and social network of the scholar. Also, is drafted the atmosphere of the roman-
tic epoch of archaeology in Romania, a historic time when archaeology was trans-
formed from a domain of antiquarians and collectors into a fundamental instru-
ment of knowledge and valorisation of national historic heritage. In addition, we
have looked for reconstructing out of a historiographic and journalistic perspective
on how Tocilescu’s activity was perceived by his contemporaries both at national
and international level.
Keywords: Romanian archaeology; Grigore G. Tocilescu; pioneer of archaeological

research; academic network; international relations.
Argumentum
The remembrance and recognition concerning the leading personalities
of the national and European archaeology is today more actual and necessary
Cserni and his Contemporaries, Cluj-Napoca, 2017, p. 61–90

62 Irina Achim, Corina Borș
as ever1. The attempt to reconstruct by archive study and documentation the

activity of the pioneers of the European archaeology (including the Romanian
one), allows a more profound understanding about an epoch when specific
national values were set and archaeology became a distinctive domain2. In addi-
tion, those were the times when the main instruments for the study of ancient
history and archaeology were crystallised, in the framework of a wider perspec-
tive given by the drafting and implementation of the first legislative regulations
concerning the historical heritage in Europe (including nowadays Romania)3.
In such perspective, Grigore G. Tocilescu (1850–1909), one of the pioneers
of archaeological research in Romania, is undoubtedly a major figure of the
Romanian academic environment of late 19th century, his scholarly activity and
notoriety surpassing at that time the national borders4.
Based on an important set of archive documents, largely unpublished,
preserved in two major collections (namely at the Manuscripts Department
of the Romanian Academy’s Library and the Historic Archive of the “Vasile
Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology in Bucharest), the paper provides an outline
for the diligent activity of the scholar Grigore G. Tocilescu as promoter of field
archaeology in Romania and not only. He acted both as professor of ancient
history at the University of Bucharest and director of the Museum of National
Antiquities in Bucharest. From the beginning, one has to mention that about
45 registered manuscripts5 (but in fact 47 tomes) with documents belonging to
Tocilescu are kept nowadays on the archive funds of the Romanian Academy’s
Library, comprising more than 10,000 sheets of paper bounded in separate
tomes, some of it containing also photos. To these major documentary funds,
one have to add an important lot of letters constituting the personal archive
1
The International Conference “Adalbert Cserni and his contemporaries. The pioneers of archaeology
in Alba Iulia and beyond” held in Alba Iulia, on 15th–17th April, 2016, provided the opportunity to
present the preliminary version of this paper. It was an excellent occasion for both to speak about
new perspectives of the topic, and to emphasize the need for a thorough documentation and
understanding concerning the beginnings of Romanian archaeology, set in the adequate context
to European archaeology. By outlining the prodigious activity of Béla Cserni, a contemporary
to Grigore G. Tocilescu, Csaba Szabó notes the importance and the impact of the activity of the
pioneers in European archaeology, on the introduction of the volume launched on the conference
– see Szabó 2016, 15–16, note 18. For a recent study on the international relations in the “early
golden age” of archaeology, see Diaz-Andreu/Fernandez 2016.
2
Babeș 1981; Schlanger 2002; Freeman 2007; Schlanger/Nordblach 2008; Schnapp et al.
2008; Hingley 2009; Niculescu 2011.
3
Borș 2014, especially 35–53.
4
Apostolescu 1910; Vulpe 1959; Vulpe 1965; Tudor 1976; Babeș 1981, 322; Bogdan-Cătăniciu
1991; Avram 1992; Mecu 2003; Barbu/Schuster 2005; Mecu/Barnea 2010; Niculescu 2011,
400–403; Rădulescu 2014, 809–811.
5
The Library of the Romanian Academy, the Manuscripts Department, Mss. Rom. 5128–5172 –
see Strempel 1992, 215–225 for a complete list of these documents; see also Achim 2007, 196,
note 3.
Grigore Tocilescu – a Pioneer of Romanian Archaeology in a European Perspective 63
of the scholar6 (mainly letters send and received by Tocilescu during his life),
documents as well as kept at the Romanian Academy’s Library.
The image and amplitude of the activity undertaken by Tocilescu in the field
of historic research, as well as on the public life of Romania towards the end
of the 19th century are magistrally completed by some other documents found
nowadays in the funds of the Archive of the Museum of National Antiquities
and the Photo Archive of the “Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology in
Bucharest7. Thus, even only for one moment, the contemporary researcher has
the possibility to know – to a certain partial degree – the professional interests
of Tocilescu, as well to take a glimpse to his personality or his involvement in the
political millieu8 of Romania at that times, along with the academic exchange
and network built by him, especially after 1877, with the European scholarly
world in the field of classical history and epigraphy. Privileged observers of a
pioneering epoch for the historic research, one can discover by this priceless
documentary funds – only selectively used to date – a dynamic personality
with relevant European connections, on the same time sensitive and resolute
in his opinions, both vulnerable in front of the attacks launched by his detrac-
tors, and appreciated and promoted by fellow contemporaries.
G. Tocilescu – some biographical landmarks

Who was Grigore G. Tocilescu? He presented a brief autobiography on
the first pages of his PhD thesis, defended at the Charles University in Prague
6
The largest part of the scholar’s correspondence is reunited under different class numbers, as
follows: The Library of the Romanian Academy, the Manuscripts Department, Fund Personal
archive Grigore Tocilescu, I Varia 1, I Varia 2, I acte 1–4, II varia 1, II varia 1, II varia 2, II varia 3, III
varia 1, III varia 2, III varia 3, III varia 4, IV varia 1, IV varia 2, and V impr. 7 (see also The Archive
Dimitrie Papazoglu). Besides these tomes, containing both letters and documents, there are other
two lots of letters: Passive correspondence – 19 letters, joint under various class number such as
S1–11, 20, 27, 30/XCIII, followed by supplementary class numbers; Active correspondence – 145
letters, gathered under various class number such as S12–26, 29, 36, 38, 40, 42 (especially letters
without date and place), 54, 73, 77, 82, followed by supplementary class numbers. For detailes
about the content of this documentary fund, see Annex 1 in this article.
7
In the absence of a dedicated archive fund for Gr. Tocilescu, the documents concerning his
activity as director of the Museum of National Antiquities, the predecessor of the “Vasile Pârvan”
Institute of Archaeology in Bucharest, are identified in the file of the museum’s secretariat
coressponding to the years when he held this position, respectively from 1881 to 1909 – the
“Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology, the Archive of the Museum of National Antiquities, D5
(1881)–D15 (1908–1909).
8
After 1880, Tocilescu helds a series of public and political positions: 1881–1885 (general secretary
of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education), 1885–1890 (general inspector for
education), after 1888, on various moments, senator ellected on the lists of the Conservative Party,
especially under the presidency of Lascăr Catargiu, on the II Ilfov college – according to *** 1910
(unknown author), 11; Vulpe 1959, 608–609; Avram 1992, 140; Barbu/Schuster 2005, 80–81.
on 1876, following a license (graduated studies) in law at the University of

Bucharest. Born in October 1850 at Ploiești9, as the elder son of George and
Elena (born Brezeanu), Tocilescu follows the classes of the Saint Sava College in
Bucharest. After he completed his degree in law10 in 1874, he will study history
and philology at the Charles University in Prague – The Faculty of Philosophy,
The Historic Section, where he defended, in 1976, a PhD thesis in philoso-
phy based on a thesis entitled Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der Vorrömischen
Dakiens11 (Fig. 1). Out of the jury, who granted him the PhD were part, among
other, the reputed professors Konstantin von Höfler and Otto Hirschfeld. In
1877, when he became a correspondent member12 of the Romanian Academy
(at that time named the Romanian Academic Society)13, he received for the
PhD thesis – on behalf of this scholarly society – the prize set up by his profes-
sor, Alexandru Odobescu14.
A revised version of his PhD thesis will be later publised at Bucharest, in
188015. While he was studying at the Charles University in Prague, he he took
a series of classes both at the university in Vienna, following the path usual for
the young scholars at that time. However, exact details about his studies at the
university in Vienna remain unclear.
Only for a brief period, around 1877–1878 he was the director of the
Museum of National Antiquities in Bucharest16. On the same time, he pursued
his formation in philology by travelling to Rusia, where he was send by the
Romanian Academic Society, in 1878, to discover and study the manuscripts
of Prince Dimitrie Cantermir17. His higher education was completed by two
9
Certain authors, studying the work and life of Grigore Tocilescu, indicate that the scholar was
originary from the Fefelei commune, Prahova County, a village nearby Mizil, nowaday included
in this town – see in this respect Vulpe 1959, 607; Mecu 2003, 71; Barbu/Schuster 2005, 17,
note 1; Mecu/Barnea 2010, 53; Rădulescu 2014, 811, 826–829 provides a detailed genealogy of
the Brezianu familiy, originary from Fefelei, Prahova, with whom Grigore Tocilescu was closely
related by his mother.
10
*** 1910 (unknown author), 8: with a thesis entitled Despre legat în dreptul roman și în dreptul
român.
11
A copy of the manuscript of this work about the history of pre-Roman Dacia is preserved at
the “Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology, the Archive of the Museum of National Antiquities,
Folder 10, File II.
12
Appointed member since 1890 – according to http://www.acad.ro/bdar/armembri.php (last
accessed: 01.11.2017).
13
A brief history of this prestigious academic institution is available on its official website:
http://www.acad.ro/academia2002/acadrom/pag_ist.htm (last accessed: 01.11.2017).
14
The paper received a prize of the Odobescu fund, in 1877. For a discussion of this topic, see
Avram 1992, 140, notes 5–6.
15
According to Tocilescu 1880 with the mention, on the title page of this volume: “operă
premiată de Societatea Academică Română la 1877 din Fondulu Odobescu”.
16
Barbu/Schuster 2005, 22.
17
The results of the documentation undertaken in Russia on this subject are gathered in two
yers of studies in classical philology and Greek-Roman epigraphy in Paris, at

Sorbonna, on the École des Hautes-Études and Collège de France (1878–1880),
working especially with the epigraphist Léon Renier18. Since 1881, following the
appointment of Alexandru Odobescu as ambassador in Paris, Grigore Tocilescu
will be tenured as chair of the department of ancient history and epigraphy at
the University of Bucharest19. On the same time, he was appointed as director
of the Museum of National Antiquities in Bucharest, replacing Spiru Haret,
who acted in here for a while as temporary conservator20.
During his study stage in Paris, when the Romanian Government gave
him the task to identify and gather documents regarding the national history,
Tocilescu met René Cagnat, the ilustrous French epigraphist, with whom later
he will have a direct correspondence. Also, he developed professional connec-
tions with the German scholarly millieu, since in 1893 he became an ordinary
member of the German Archaeological Institute, according to the letter signed
by the general secretary of this institute, Alexander Conze21.
Tocilescu – an archaeologist, epigraphist and scientist of his time

His archaeological excavations at Adamclisi provide a major landmark for
the scientific activity of the pioneer of Romanian archaeology22. Between 1882
and 1909 (the year of his death), Tocilescu was constantly interested to research
the ruins from Adamclisi and his efforts to undertake this field research as well
as to valorise the results of this excavation are considerable. Three tomes of
manuscripts kept nowadays at the Library of the Romanian Academy, compris-
ing more than 1,000 sheets of papers of various documents – such as reports,
presentatios, photos and letters – allow us to reconstruct with high fidelity the
general athmosphere in which were organised his excavations at Adamclisi23.
manuscripts (three tomes), kept in the The Library of the Romanian Academy, the Manuscripts
Department, Mss. Rom. 5148 I–II / title: Studii, extrase, însemnări cu privire la viața și opera lui
D. Cantemir, din timpul cercetărilor în Rusia, trimis de către Societatea Academică Română pentru
pregătirea unei ed. de opere ale marelui savant and Mss. Rom. 5168/ title: Cursuri și însemnări de
arheologie, istorie veche și lb. romanice, precum și note despre D. Cantemir. For a brief description of
these documents, see Ștrempel 1992, 219, 224.
18
Vulpe 1959, 608.
19
*** 1910 (unknown author), 10; Vulpe 1959, 608; Avram 1992, 140.
20
The minute for hand over / reception between the two conservators, preserved in original
“Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology, the Archive of the Museum of National Antiquities,
attestes that Gr. Tocilescu commenced his work as director of this institution on March 1st, 1881;
see Ștefan 1984, 110, note 4; Barbu/Schuster 2005, 25, note 32, fig. 40.
21
The Library of the Romanian Academy, the Manuscripts Department, Fund Personal archive
Grigore Tocilescu, III varia 3, f. 81, document with the mention Berlin, 20 April 1893.
22
Ștefan 1984, 119–120, notes 61–65, with earlier references.
23
Barnea 1979, 15–24; Ștrempel 1992, 215 – Mss. Rom. 5128, 5129, 5130; Achim 2007, 196, note 3.
During the first phase, stretching from 1882 – when he visited the area for
the first time and 1890 – when the first stage of the excavations in here were
concluded, he undertook a series of archaeological investigations upon this
representative monument for the Roman provincial art24 (Fig. 2–3).
In order to achieve the ambitious aims of his project, Tocilescu looked for
the support of two Austrian and German scholars of that time, Georg Niemann
(1841–1912) and Otto Benndorf (1838–1907). In 1890, Tocilescu and Niemann
signed the contract25 for cooperation and editing of the archaeological campaigns’
results. The results of the first campaigns of excavations at Adamclisi were pub-
lished as a bilingual volume26 (Romanian and German) at Vienna, in 1895, as a
direct outcome of the collaboration of the architect, archaeologist and art his-
torian Georg Niemann and of the archaeologist and epigraphist Otto Benndorf.
Up to year 1900, Tocilescu had an intense correspondence with Niemann and
Benndorf on this subject, as prooven by the letters kept in the collections of the
Romanian Academy’s Library27: more than 15 letters send by Benndorf28 from
1894 to 1899, and about 20 other letters send by Niemann29 (from 1890 to 1906).
The second stage of the archaeological works of Tocilescu at Adamclisi
commenced immediately after 1890, when his scientific interest foccused on
the Roman city situated southwest of the triumphal monument. There were 12
campaings organised in here with certain breaks, up to 1909, when Tocilescu
died.
His investigations on the ruins of Tropaeum Traiani, the so-called Pompeii
of Dobruja30, opened a new chapter for the archaeological excavations in
Romania. In order to organised as well as possible the excavations, he decided
to develop the cooperation with technical staff with high qualification – engin-
ners, architects, topographers, designers, whom he hired by contracts for coor-
dinating specific work on the archaeological site. For the large-scale works, he
employed both soldiers from military units located nearby the site, throughout
a cooperation with the War Ministry, as well as civilian workers.
24
Barbu/Schuster 2005, 113–125.
25
Written in French, in two exemplaries, the contract stipulated among its clauses the intention
of the two scholars to excavate the ancient fortress form Adamclisi, indicate the modalities of
payment and the amount to be paid for the professional services of the German architect – see
Achim 2007, 197, note 8, 207–208 (Annex 1).
26
Tocilescu 1895.
27
Grigore Tocilescu, III varia 3 and III varia 4.
28
Barbu/Schuster 2005, 211–215.
29
Barbu/Schuster 2005, 215–216. One of the latest letters addressed by Niemann to Tocilescu
dates from May 7th, 1906 – according to the Library of the Romanian Academy, the Manuscripts
Department, Fund Personal archive Grigore Tocilescu, III varia 4, f. 63 recto/verso.
30
Barbu/Schuster 2005, 1576, no. 83.
One of the close collaborators of Tocilescu was Pamfil Polonic, who partici-
pated in 1892 and 1893 to the excavations at Adamclisi31. The personal archive
of Pamfil Polonic, kept in the collections of the Romanian Academy’s Library,
allows us to document how this military engineer and topographer made the
topographic survey of the ancient town and of the surrounding area, coordinated
the works on the archaeological site and had the correspondence with Tocilescu.
In 1895 and 1896, the management of the archaeological excavation was
undertaken by the architects Heinrich Jacobi32 (from Homburg) and J. Fakler
(from Bucharest). Five letters dating from 1895 to 1909 existing in the corre-
spondence archive of Tocilescu kept in the collections of Library the Romanian
Academy33, unvails the correct professional relationship between the young
architect Jacobi and professor Tocilescu. Most probably, this cooperation was
based on the friedship and admiration Tocilescu had for the works of Jacobi’s
father, Louis34 (1836–1910), at the Roman fortress of Saalburg. Aside the tech-
nical excavation reports drafted by Heinrich Jacobi about his work stage at
Adamclisi35, in the archive funds of the “Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology
in Bucharest is preserved a set of photos made by him in here, in 189636.
In 1906 the technical management of the excavations at Adamclisi was
given by Tocilescu to the German architect Gustav von Cube37 (from München),
who investigated in only one campaign the basilica B and its baptistery. A set of
five letters (see in detail Annex 2) in the collections of the Romanian Academy’s
Library38 (Fig. 4), as well as the excavation journal and the detailed report pre-
31
Barnea 1979, 18–19; Achim 2007, 198–200.
32
Heinrich Christian Jacobi (1866–1946) was a German architect and archaeologist. For data
about his activity in Dobruja, at Adamclisi, see Barnea 1979, 19; Barbu/Schuster 2005, 216–
219; Achim 2007, 198, 200; Moneta 2017, 153–158.
33
Grigore Tocilescu, III varia 3, f. 157; f. 159; f. 161; f. 163; f. 166–167.
34
For detailed information about the prodigious activity of this German architect, see
Dölemeyer 2010. A series of references on the relations of Tocilescu with the two Jacobi
architecs are to be found in a manuscript kept at the Library of the Romanian Academy, the
Manuscripts Department, Mss. Rom. 5139, entitled Comunicări, studii și inf. arheologice, unele
dintre ele prezentate la Academia Română, altele în brouillon, sau fragmentare, f. 214–219, especially
218–219 – the text entitled Despre castelul roman Saalburg, castrul Carnuntum și cercetările asupra
limesului roman în Germania și Austria (Comunicațiune făcută la Academia Română, ședința de
la 8 decembrie 1900).
35
The Library of the Romanian Academy, the Manuscripts Department, Mss. Rom. 5129, f.
29–58, reports written in German, corresponding to the year 1895. See also the comments about
these technical reports made by Barbu/Schuster 2005, 217–219.
36
The “Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology, The Archive of the Museum of National
Antiquities, Photo folder H. Jacobi, Adamklissi, 1896.
37
Netzhammer 2005, 110-111: the archbischop notes in his diary that von Cube was accompanied
at the excavations by his assistent, a certain Harrer; Achim 2007, 201–203.
38
pared by von Cube provide an interesting insight on the general athmosphere

of the field researches upon the forth basilica uncovered at Tropaeum Traiani.
The documents of von Cube strike by thorough descriptions, accurated details
and the solid manner he completed his contractual work tasks.
The interest of the European scientific community of those times for
Tocilescu’s excavations at the triumphal monument and the ancient city of
Adamclisi was very high. Basically, year after year he presented a series of pub-
lic lectures on this topic, both in Romania (at the Romanian Academy) and
abroad. There were five lectures about his excavation in Romania (including
Adamclisi), which he presented from 1892 to 1899 at the Académie des inscrip-
tions et belles-lettres in Paris; these were published in a distinct volume in 190039.
In addition, in 1898, in the framework of the Archaeological Congress
in Bourges40 he lectured about the Fouilles en Roumanie. (1) Le Mausolée
d’Adamklissi41; the original illustration42 of this lecture is preserved to date in
the collections of the Romanian Academy’s Library.
The edition of The Times of August 12, 189643 published an article entitled
Recent archaeological discoveries in Romania, commisioned by the Romanian
Academy, as it is proven by a newspaper excerpt provided by the agency Le
courrier de la presse /Paris44. Some other newspaper published articles about the
archaeological discoveries from Adamclisi in Dobrouja, such as Die Gegenwart,
n° 34, in 1891 and Conservatorul newspaper from May 8 and May 10, 1906 –
Monumentele de la Adamklissi și diferitele păreri asupra originei lor (The monu-
ments from Adamclisi and various opinions about their origin)45.
On the same time, as epigraphist and director of the Museum of National
Antiquities in Bucharest, Tocilescu was actively involved in drafting the monu-
mental work innitiated by Theodore Mommsen in 1853 – Corpus Inscriptionum
Latinarum. Also, he provided important contributions concerning the
Grigore Tocilescu, Passive correspondence, S 30 (1–5)/XCIII, 137902–137906/ five letters and

other three kept in the same archival fund, III varia 3, f. 93–94; f. 95–98; f. 99–100.
39
Tocilescu 1900. The sixth communications was made by the scholar in the same prestigious
millieu, in 1905, under the title Fouilles dans le Bas-Danube; it was published in the year of his
death, 1909 – according to Tocilescu 1909. See also VULPE 1959, 612, no. 42.
40
See detailed information at http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k35667q/f414.double
(accessed on 30.10.2017).
41
227–245.
42
The Library of the Romanian Academy, the Manuscripts Department, Mss. Rom. 5128, f. 217;
f. 219.
43
Kind information and newspaper copy provided by Professor Phil Freeman, by accessing the
Times indices and on-line database for this gazette.
44
The Library of the Romanian Academy, the Manuscripts Department, Mss. Rom. 5128, f. 209.
45
205–206.
epigraphic finds from Dacia, Dobrouja and Moesia, these data being published
in Archäologisch-epigraphische Mitteilungen aus Österreich-Ungarn, the schol-
arly review edited by Eugen Bormann and Otto Benndorf.
In the collections of the Romanian Academy’s Library are preserved
numerous letters received46 in time by Tocilescu, documents which testimony
his immense professional prestige, but also his activity as museum manager
and university professor in Bucharest. From 1879 to 1909 he had an intense
correspondence with numerous scholars accros Europe, like Otto Hirschfeld,
Otto Benndorf, Georg Niemann, Alfred von Domaszewski, Franz Cumont
indirectly (pupil of Oto Benndorf and Alfred von Domaszewski, who under-
took two travels in Romania47, in 1890 and 1893 for the repertory of Mithraic
monuments), Alexander Conze, Hermann Dessau, Adolf Furtwängler, Conrad
Cichorius, Gabriel Téglás48, Paul Reinecke, Antoine Héron de Villefosse, Angelo
de Gubernatis, Hermann Škorpil49.
Also, he had an intense exchange of letters with various academic and pub-
lic institutions, such as Musée de Louvre, Société française d’archéologie50, Musée
de Belgrade51, Römische-Germanisch Central-Museum Mainz, Orientalisches
Institut in Wien, Association pour l’enseignement des sciences anthropologiques52,
Comitato esecutivo per le feste commemorative del 1911 in Roma53, Ministère du
46
Grigore Tocilescu, III varia 3, III varia 4.
47
Popescu 2000, 29–30, note 47, 40–4, letter addressed by Cumont to his father from Vienna, in
July 1890. Out of this letter, we find out that during his first trip to Romania, in 1890, F. Cumont
travelled to Bucharest for documentation, having the opportunity to work in the library and
the deposits from the Museum of National Antiquities. The ironic tone of the young pupil
of Benndorf let us to understand that Tocilescu gave little or no support to his researches: //
Benndorf m’engageait vivement à pousser jusqu’à Bucarest par Kronstadt et à revenir de là sur Orsova
– il m’a même donné une lettre pour le directeur du musée qui porte le nom harmonieux de Torcilescu
(sic!) (ne pas lire Torčmilescu) //.
48
Grigore Tocilescu, III varia 4, f. 96–97, letter addressed by Téglás to Tocilescu, from Deva, on
April 30th, 1902; f. 98–99, letter addressed by Téglás to Tocilescu, from Deva, on June 18th (?),
1902.
49
Grigore Tocilescu, III varia 4, f. 85, postcard send by H. Škorpil lui Tocilescu, from Roustschuk
(Rusciuk, in Bulgaria), on February 26th, 1902.
50
Grigore Tocilescu, III varia 4, f. 21–22, corespondence from Compiègne, on June 29th, 1894.
51
Grigore Tocilescu, III varia 4, f. 127–128, correspondence on December 16, 1903.
52
Grigore Tocilescu, III varia 4, f. 27–28, correspondence from Saint-Germain-en-Laye, on June
29th, 1894.
53
Grigore Tocilescu, III varia 4, f. 83, typewritten document from Rome, on July 17th, 1909.
Commerce, de l’industrie, des postes et des Télégraphes de France54 (concerning

the Universal Exhibition in 1900), The Imperial Gliptothec in Münich, Società
Elleno-latina in Rome.
Tocilescu and his students – a glimpse

Last, but not least, the image of Professor Grigore Tocilescu in admira-
bly completed by a particular set of documents to be found in the Romanian
Academy’s Library, this archive fund comprising documents of the scientific
trip undertaken by Tocilescu with his students in Greece, from August 24
to September 7, in 190155. In order to gather the money neccesary for such a
trip, a series of artistic representations were performed in various theatres of
Bucharest, in that summer, as well as the the professor presented two public
conferences56. As a result, Tocilescu had the financial means to prepare thor-
oughly all the details of the study trip. In this context, Tocilescu was received
in Athens by Prince Constantine57, heir to the throne of Greece, an interesting
testimony for the esteem and recognition of the good relations between the
kigdoms (at that time) of Greece and Romania. Also, the Romanian delegation
was warmly received at the rector of the university in Athens, during the “sec-
ond day of the visit”58. A series of public events completed the glitering image
54
Grigore Tocilescu, III varia 4, f. 119–120, letter on April 29, 1900.
55
The Library of the Romanian Academy, the Manuscripts Department, Mss. Rom. 5157
(Excursiune în Grecia în 1901. Descriere, discursuri, corespondență, etc), 183 pages. The tome
comprises documents which describe the trip, reports, speeches, correspondence, forms, mass-
media echoes concerning this event. The Romanian delegation, travelling by boat, arrived in the
Pireu harbour by the end of August 1901, and was warmly welcomed by the major of Athens,
Spyridon Mercouris (in office from 1899 to 1914); see f. 34; f. 50.
56
(Excursiune în Grecia în 1901. Descriere, discursuri, corespondență, etc), f. 163 is the printed poster
of the conference held by Gr. Tocilescu, on July 10th, 1901, at the Rally Theatre in Bucharest
(the conference’s title Escursiune la Athena si împrejurimile sale cu proecțiuni). The document
mentions the purpose of Tocilescu’s public conference, namely for obtaining financial support
for the trip of the Romanian students in Athens (// Conferința se ține pentru constituirea fondului
escursiunei studenților români la Athena. // Prețul locurilor: Loja regală 15 lei. ……Amfiteatru: 50 de
bani // Biletele se găsesc de vânzare la D-l Costi Caruso casierul Teatrului //). The next sheet (f. 164)
is the printed poster of the second public conference held by the scholar for the same purpose,
at the Romanian Athenaeum in Bucharest, on June 28th, 1901.
57
The Library of the Romanian Academy, the Manuscripts Department, Mss. Rom. 5157 (Excursi-
une în Grecia în 1901. Descriere, discursuri, corespondență, etc), fila 6, 18. The document without date
from page 18 confirms the information from f. 6, about the fact that HRH The Crown Prince Con-
stantine express his wish to meet with Gr. Tocilescu, // (A.S.R. Principele Moștenitor Constantin, și-a
manifestat dorința să vadă pe ilustrul nostru istoric și de aceia l-a invitat la palat și l-a oprit la dejun.) //
58
(Excursiune în Grecia în 1901. Descriere, discursuri, corespondență, etc), f. 48–49.
of this academic visit abroad – the dinner in honour of the Romanian students
at the Zappeion Megaron59 (held on August 31), as well as the one offered by the
general president of the Athenian Bank, speeches at Patras60 (Fig. 5) and the sci-
entific conference of Tocilescu in front of the statue of Hermes by Praxitelles
at Olympia. From September 3 to September 5, the Romanian students visited
among others, the sites of Eleusis, Megara, Istmia, Corint, Chiato, Xilocastru,
Abratos61. On last day of this trip (September 7), in the morning, in the aula
of the university in Athens, Tocilescu lectured about the monument from
Adamclisi62. The Athenian newspapers and the local ones reported warmly the
visit of the Romanian students led by Tocilescu in Greece63.
*
**
This brief incursion on the biography and professional activity of Grigore

Tocilescu (Fig. 6) provide a vivid image, albeit incomplete, about a Romanian
scientific personality in an international perspective. One could see his insert
in the academic European millieu, by research values and ways of thinking
and understanding the archaeological and historical investigation of the
ancient past. Before anything else, Tocilescu proofs to be a man of his time,
dinamic and active up to the last moment of his life, both at national and
European level. Between controversy64, acceptance and recognition, the work
of this scholar represents undeniably a key chapter for the history of archaeol-
ogy in Romania, by his fieldwork and discoveries, disseminating and teaching
activities, as well as legislative initiatives, worth to redeem on its just value.
59
Still today, this is an emblematic building in Athens. See details at https://www.greeka.com/
attica/athens/athens-excursions/athens-zappeion-megaron.htm (accessed on 15.10.2017).
60
(Excursiune în Grecia în 1901. Descriere, discursuri, corespondență, etc), f. 29; f. 46–47 (the speech of
Gr. Tocilescu held in here).
61
(Excursiune în Grecia în 1901. Descriere, discursuri, corespondență, etc), f. 56 (the printed schedule
of the visit to the archaeological sites); f. 174–175.
62
(Excursiune în Grecia în 1901. Descriere, discursuri, corespondență, etc.), f. 68.
63
In the Romanian archives are kept a series of the Greek papers (at the beginning and mid-
September 1901) reporting about this academic trip. The Library of the Romanian Academy,
the Manuscripts Department, Mss. Rom. 5157 (Excursiune în Grecia în 1901. Descriere, discursuri,
corespondență, etc.), f. 176–183.
64
Avram 1992, 142–143, takes into discussion Tocilescu’s main field of activities (organising
the archaeological excavations, the field investigations, the epigraphy) and provides a series
of personal arguments about the scientific quality of the scholar’s work. His assertions and
conclusions on this topic are adopted also by Niculescu 2011, 403, notes 94–98.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank and express their gratitude to the follow-
ing colleagues, who provided useful data, information and documents for this
article and the subsequent theme of research, namely Cristina Cristescu, cus-
todian of the Manuscripts Department of the Romanian Academy’s Library,
Roxana Dobrescu PhD and Cătălin Nicolae PhD, scientific researchers in
charge with the Archive of the Museum of National Antiquities and the Photo
Archive of the “Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology in Bucharest, as well as
to the Professor Phil Freeman (University of Liverpool, UK).
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Annexes
Annex 1.
FUND GRIGORE TOCILESCU PERSONAL ARCHIVE
THE LIBRARY OF THE ROMANIAN ACADEMY,
THE MANUSCRIPTS DEPARTMENT
I. Passive coresspondence, Grigore Tocilescu

1. Tocilescu Grigore from N. I. Apostolescu, 1907–1908 / S 1 (1–2) / XCIII.
2. Tocilescu from dr. Von Cube, 1906 / S 30 (1–5) / XCIII, 137902–137906.
3. Tocilescu Grigore from Ion Florescu 1905, June 30, Craiova, / S 2 / XCIII, 33293.
4. Tocilescu Grigore from Alexandru Iaţimirschi f.d., f.l., photocopy, and 3 photocopies
at the photo correspondence 39 / S 27 / XCIII.
5. Tocilescu Grigore from Tache Ionescu, 1892–/ S 3 (1–2) / XCIII.
6. Tocilescu Grigore from Mihail Kogălniceanu, 1890, March 19/31, Bucharest; S 4 /
XCIII, 126460.
7. Tocilescu Grigore from Nicolae Kreţulescu, 1886, May 29, Bucharest / typewritten
copy / S 5 / XCIII, 12545.
8. Tocilescu Grigore from Vladimir Mironescu, 1904, April 15, Iaşi / S 6 / XCIII, 12599.
9. Tocilescu Grigore from Alexandru Odobescu, 1887, October 31, f.l. 4 sheets; S 7 /
XCIII, 14899.
10. Tocilescu Grigore from Gheorghe Popescu-Clopoţel, 1902, April 22, Târgovişte /
S 8 / XCIII, 12600.
11. Tocilescu Grigore from Tudor P. Rădulescu, without date, f.l. 4 copy sheets; S 9 /
XCIII, 22816.
12. Tocilescu Grigore from Gheorghe Tocilescu, 1875, May 20, Iaşi / S 11 / XCIII, 12601.
13. Tocilescu Grigore from Nicolae Vaschide, 1900, January 20, Villejuef (?) / S 10 /
XCIII, 12602.
14. Tocilescu from Mircea C.A. Rosetti, 1877, f.l.; observation: former mss. 4846 f. 63 /
S 20 / LXIII (3), 179735.
II. Active correspondence, Grigore Tocilescu

1. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1879, January 31, Paris / S 38 (1) / DX I, 61.162.
2. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1879, February 11, Paris / S 38 (2) / DX I, 61.163.
3. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1879, February 13/25, Paris / S 38 (3) / DX I, 61.164.
4. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1879, March 25, Paris / S 38 (4) / DX I, 61.165.
5. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1879, June 27, Paris c.p. / S 38 (5) / DX I, 61.166.
6. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1879, July 6, Paris / S 38 (6) / DX I, 61.167.
7. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1879, July 12, Paris c.p. / S 38 (7) / DX I, 61.168.
8. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1879, July 27, Paris / S 38 (8) / DX I, 61.169.
9. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1879, August 4/16, Paris / S 38 (9) / DX I, 61.170.
10. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1879, August 24, Paris / S 38 (10) / DX I, 61.171.
11. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1879, September 27, Paris / S 38 (11) / DX I, 61.172.
12. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1879, October 22, Paris / S 38 (12) / DX I, 61.173.
13. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1879, November 28, Paris / S 38 (13) / DX I, 61.174.
14. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1879, December 12, Paris / S 38 (14) / DX I, 61.175.
15. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1879, December 22, Paris / S 38 (15) / DX I, 61.176.
16. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1880, May 26, Paris / S 38 (16) / DX I, 61.177.
17. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1880, June 15, Paris / S 38 (17) / DX I, 61.178.
18. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1880, October 17, Paris / S 38 (18) / DX I, 61.179.
19. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1882, June 16/28, Bucharest / S 38 (19) / DX I, 61.180.
20. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1892, January 23, Bucharest, annex: text about
Tocilescu (fragment) / S 38 (20) / DX I, 61.181–61.182
21. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1892, September 10/22, Bucharest / S 38 (21) / DX I,
61.183.
22. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1895, November 1, Bucharest / S 38 (22) / DX I, 61.184.
23. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1896, June 26, Bucharest / S 38 (23) / DX I, 61.185.
24. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1896, November 8/20, Bucharest / S 38 (24) / DX I,
61.186.
25. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1897, January 5/17, Viena / S 38 (25) / DX I, 61.187.
26. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1897, April, without date, Bucharest / S 38 (26) / DX
I, 61.189.
27. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1897, July 1/23, Bucharest / S 38 (27) / DX I, 61.188.
28. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1901, March 30, Bucharest / S 38 (28) / DX I, 61.190.
29. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1902, March 2, Bucharest / S 38 (29) / DX I, 61.191.
30. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1902, July 21, Bucharest, c.v. / S 38 (30) / DX I, 61.192.
31. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1902, July 17/30, Bucharest / S 38 (31) / DX I, 61.193.
32. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1903, February 22, Bucharest / S 38 (32) / DX I, 61.194.
33. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1903, December 20, Bucharest / S 38 (33) / DX I,
61.195.
34. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1906, December 18, Bucharest / S 38 (34) / DX I,
61.196.
35. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1907, June 13, Bucharest / S 38 (35) / DX I, 61.197.
36. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1907, September 30, Bucharest / S 38 (36) / DX I,
61.198.
37. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, 1908, May 27, Bucharest / S 38 (37) / DX I, 61.199.
38. Tocilescu Grigore to I. Bianu, without date, Bucharest, c.v. / S 38 (38) / DX I, 61.200.
39. Tocilescu Grigore to Teodor Burada, 1882, November 12, Bucharest / S 26 (1) /
XCIII, 166711.
40. Tocilescu Grigore to Teodor Burada, 1883, January 17, Bucharest / S 26 (2) / XCIII,
166712.
41. Tocilescu Grigore to Teodor Burada, 1883, April 16, Bucharest / S 26 (3) / XCIII,
166713.
42. Tocilescu Grigore to Teodor Burada, 1883, May 2, Bucharest / S 26 (4) / XCIII,
166714.
43. Tocilescu Grigore to Lascăr Catargi, 1896, December 10, Bucharest / S 122 /
CCXLVII, 136.642.
44. Tocilescu Grigore to Aron Densuşianu, 1887, October 1, Iaşi / S 12 / XCIII, 71797.
45. Tocilescu Grigore to Mihail Dragomirescu, 1891, July 16, Bucharest / S 54 (1) / X.
46. Tocilescu Grigore to Mihail Dragomirescu, 1891, August 8, Bucharest / S 54 (2) / X.
47. Tocilescu Grigore to Mihail Dragomirescu, without date, without place / S 54 (3) /
X.
48. Tocilescu Grigore to Ovidia Gănescu, without date, Bucharest / S 13 (1) / XCIII,
134823.
49. Tocilescu Grigore to Ovidia Gănescu, without date, Bucharest; annex: Gănescu
Ovidia to Grigore Tocilescu / S 13 (2) / XCIII, 134824.
50. Tocilescu Grigore to Artur Gorovei, 1893, February 3, Bucharest; observations:
postcard / S 65 / MLXXXVIII, 170491.
51. Tocilescu Grigore to Spiru Haret, 1898, November 22, Bucharest / S 14 / XCIII,
134825.
52. Tocilescu Grigore to Nicolae Kretzulescu, 1878, August 26, without place; observa-
tions: annex facsimiles after the weapons of D. Cantemir and Petru Movilă pre-
served at Kiev / S 13 / DCXCVIII, 174297.
53. Tocilescu Grigore to Nicolae Kreţulescu, 1882, October 10, Bucharest, 2 ff., type-
written copy / S 15 / XCIII, 12544.
54. Tocilescu Grigore to Constantin Litzica, 1906, June 15, f.l. / S 16 / XCIII, 22925.
55. Tocilescu Grigore to Constantin I. Istrati, 1899, July 17, f.l. / S 40 / DCLXXXIII,
92.938.
56. Tocilescu Grigore to dr. Nicolae Lupu, 1900, June 19, without place / S 77 / CXXVIII,
162894.
57. Tocilescu Grigore to Alexandru Macedonski, without date, Bucharest / S 73 / XXX.
58. Tocilescu Grigore to N. Mazăre, 1908, March 4, without place / S 17 (1) / XCIII,
52540.
59. Tocilescu Grigore to N. Mazăre, 1908, May 3, without place / S 17 (2) / XCIII, 52541.
60. Tocilescu Grigore to Iacob Negruzzi, 1901, January 3, without place / S 18 (1) / LII,
11498.
61. Tocilescu Grigore to Iacob Negruzzi, without date, without place / S 18 (2) / LII,
11499.
62. Tocilescu Grigore to Iacob Negruzzi, without date, without place / S 18 (3) / LII,
11500.
63. Tocilescu Grigore to Obreja, dr., 1907, February 1, without place / S 18 (1) / XCIII,
105994.
64. Tocilescu Grigore to Obreja, dr., without date, without place / S 18 (2) / XCIII,
55995.
65. Tocilescu Grigore to Dimitrie Onciul, 1894, April 11, Bucharest / S 45 (1) / XXII.
66. Tocilescu Grigore to Dimitrie Onciul, without date, Bucharest / S 45 (2) / XXII.
67. Tocilescu Grigore to Dionisie Păcuraru, 1909, July 29, without place / S 20 (1) /
XCIII, 89154.
68. Tocilescu Grigore to Dionisie Păcuraru, 1909, August 3, Bucharest / S 20 (2) / XCIII,
89155.
69. Tocilescu Grigore to Dionisie Păcuraru, 1909, August 7, Bucharest / S 20 (3) / XCIII,
89156.
70. Tocilescu Grigore to Dionisie Păcuraru, 1909, August 24, Bad-Nauheim, 3 ff. / S 20
(4) / XCIII, 89157.
71. Tocilescu Grigore to Dionisie Păcuraru, 1909, September 20, Bad-Nauheim / S 20

(5) / XCIII, 89158.
72. Tocilescu Grigore to D. Papazoglu, 1886, January 25, Bucharest / S 19 / XCIII, 108929.
73. Tocilescu Grigore to Nicolae Petraşcu, 1898, April 21, Bucharest / S 82 (1) / XXIV.
74. Tocilescu Grigore to Nicolae Petraşcu, without date, Bucharest / S 82 (2) / XXIV.
77. Tocilescu Grigore to Tudor P. Rădulescu, 1875, January 3/15, Prague, 4 ff. / S 21 (1) /
XCIII, 22807.
78. Tocilescu Grigore to Tudor P. Rădulescu, 1875, March 8/20, Prague / S 21 (2) / XCIII,
22809.
79. Tocilescu Grigore to Tudor P. Rădulescu, 1875, May 6, Prague / S 21 (3) / XCIII,
22810.
80. Tocilescu Grigore to Tudor P. Rădulescu, 1875, June 25/6, Prague, 6 ff. / S 21 (4) /
XCIII, 22808.
81. Tocilescu Grigore to Tudor P. Rădulescu, 1875, July 20, Prague, 4 ff. / S 21 (5) / XCIII,
22811.
82. Tocilescu Grigore to Tudor P. Rădulescu, 1875, September 9, Prague, c.p. / S 21 (6)
/ XCIII, 22812.
83. Tocilescu Grigore to Tudor P. Rădulescu, 1875, September 8/20, Prague, c.p. / S 21
(7) / XCIII, 22813.
84. Tocilescu Grigore to Tudor P. Rădulescu, 1875, September 17/29, Prague / S 21 (8) /
XCIII, 22814.
85. Tocilescu Grigore to Tudor P. Rădulescu, 1876, May 2, Prague / S 21 (9) / XCIII,
22815.
86. Tocilescu Grigore to Tudor P. Rădulescu, 1881, July, without place / S 21 (10) / XCIII,
22960.
87. Tocilescu Grigore to Tudor P. Rădulescu, 1881, July 12, without place, c.v. / S 21 (11)
/ XCIII, 22961.
88. Tocilescu Grigore to Tudor P. Rădulescu, 1882, November 15, Bucharest / S 21 (12)
/ XCIII, 22962.
89. Tocilescu Grigore to Tudor P. Rădulescu, 1897, June 11, without place / S 21 (13) /
XCIII, 13684.
90. Tocilescu Grigore to I. V. Socec, 1886, September, without place / S 22 (1) / XCIII,
17137.
91. Tocilescu Grigore to I. V. Socec, 1889, November 11, without place / S 22 (2) / XCIII,
17138.
92. Tocilescu Grigore to I. V. Socec, without year, September 20, Budapesta / S 22 (3) /
XCIII, 17139.
93. Tocilescu Grigore to I. V. Socec, without date, without place / S 22 (4) / XCIII, 17140.
94. Tocilescu Grigore to Iuvenal Stefanelli, 1882, September 19, Bucharest / S 23 /
XCIII, 134826.
95. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1879, February 17, Paris, FR, 4 sheets / S 42 (1) /
CMXXII, 134.827.
96. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1886, August 6, without place, 1 sheet / S 42 (2) /
CMXXII, 134.828.
97. Oprea P. to Tocilescu Grigore, 1886, August 5, without place, 2 sheets; observations:
annex to S 42 (2) / CMXXII / S 42 (3) / CMXXII, 134.829.
98. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1887, April 20, without place, 1 sheet / S 42 (4) /
CMXXII, 134.830.
99. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1887, June 4, without place, 1 sheet / S 42 (5) /
CMXXII, 134.831.
100. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1893, March 19, Bucharest, 2 sheets; observa-
tions: with numerous notes of D. A. Sturdza / S 42 (6) / CMXXII, 134.832.
101. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1895, November 19, without place, 1 sheet /
S 42 (7) / CMXXII, 134.833.
102. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1896, June 2, without place, 1 sheet / S 42 (8) /
CMXXII, 134.834.
103. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1896, July 14, Canterbury, FR (sic), 2 sheets /
S 42 (9) / CMXXII, 134.835.
104. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1897, May 6, without place, 2 sheets / S 42 (10)
/ CMXXII, 134.836.
105. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1897, October 19, without place, 1 sheet / S 42
(11) / CMXXII, 134.837.
106. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1897, November 1, without place, 1 sheet plus
annex / S 42 (12) / CMXXII, 134.838.
107. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1897, November 28, without place, 2 sheets
plus annex / S 42 (13) / CMXXII, 134.839.
108. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1897, December 26, without place, 1 sheet /
S 42 (14) / CMXXII, 134.840.
109. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1898, July 15, Paris, French language, telegram;
observations: contains also the draft for the answer of D.A. Sturdza / S 42 (15) /
CMXXII, 134.841.
110. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1902, January 19, without place, 1 sheet / S 42
(16) / CMXXII, 134.843.
111. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1900, November 7/20, Berlin, GE, 1 sheet / S 42
(17) / CMXXII, 134.842.
112. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1902, March 5, without place, 4 sheets / S 42
(18) / CMXXII, 134.844.
113. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1902, March 25, without place, 2 sheets plus
annex; observations: annex copy after the denunciation of Al. Tzigara Samurcaş /
S 42 (19) / CMXXII, 134.845.
114. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, without date, without place, 1 sheet / S 42 (20)
/ CMXXII, 74.954.
115. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, without year, December 15, Bucharest, 2 sheets
/ S 42 (21) / CMXXII, 74.953.
116. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1902, July 22, without place, 2 sheet / S 42 (22)
/ CMXXII, 134.846.
117. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1902, September 17, without place, 2 sheets /
S 42 (23) / CMXXII, 134.847.
118. Tocilescu Grigore to D .A. Sturdza, 1902, September 17, Bucharest, 1 sheet / S 42
(24) / CMXXII, 134.848.
119. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1903, January 10, Bucharest, 2 sheets / S 42 (25)
/ CMXXII, 134.849.
120. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1904, May 18, Bucharest, 2 sheets / S 42 (26) /
CMXXII, 134.850.
121. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, 1904, without date, Bucharest, 1 sheet / S 42
(27) / CMXXII, 134.851.
122. Tocilescu Grigore to D .A. Sturdza, without year, September 4, Cernavodă, cable /
S 42 (28) / CMXXII, 134.852.
123. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, without year, July 21, Craiova, cable / S 42 (29)
/ CMXXII, 134.853.
124. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, without date, Bucharest, 2 sheets / S 42 (30) /
CMXXII, 134.854.
125. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, without year, July 6, Bucharest, cable / S 42 (31)
/ CMXXII, 134.855.
126. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, without date, Bucharest, 1 sheet / S 42 (32) /
CMXXII, 134.856.
127. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, without year, December 25, Bucharest, 2 sheets
/ S 42 (33) / CMXXII, 134.857.
128. Tocilescu Grigore to D .A. Sturdza, without year, December 11, Târgovişte, cable /
S 42 (34) / CMXXII, 134.858.
129. Tocilescu Grigore to D.A. Sturdza, without year, January 11, Bucharest, 1 sheet /
S 42 (35) / CMXXII, 134.859
CMXXII, 134.860.
131. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, without year, May 29, Bucharest, 1 sheet / S 42
(37) / CMXXII, 134.861.
132. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, without date, Bucharest, 2 sheets / S 42 (38) /
CMXXII, 134.862.
CMXXII, 134.863.
CMXXII, 134.864.
CMXXII, 134.865.
136. Tocilescu Grigore to D. A. Sturdza, without year, July 16, Turnu Severin, cable /
S 42 (42) / CMXXII, 134.866.
CMXXII, 134.867.
138. Tocilescu Grigore to V. A. Urechia, 1881, January 19/31, Paris, 5 pages / S 36 (1) /
DCCLXIV, 117.445.
139. Tocilescu Grigore to V. A. Urechia, without date, without place / S 36 (2) /
DCCLXIV, 117.245.
140. Tocilescu Grigore to V. A. Urechia, without date, without place / S 36 (3) /
DCCLXIV, 117.246.
141. Tocilescu Grigore to Mihai Vlădescu, 1903, October 25, without place / S 24 (1) /
XCIII, 146542.
142. Tocilescu Grigore to Mihai Vlădescu, 1906, September 28, without place, 4 ff. /
S 24 (2) / XCIII, 147300.
143. Tocilescu Grigore to miss Zaharescu (?), without date, without place / S 29 / XCIII,
30889.
144. Tocilescu Grigore to a canonic, 1902, March 10, Bucharest / S 28 / XCIII, 61201.
145. Tocilescu Grigore to the rector of the University, the Acropolis newsroom, Embros
...., without year, September 23, Constanţa, cable, copy / S 25 XCIII, 134868.
Annex 2. (Fig. 4.1–4)
The Library of the Romanian Academy, the Manuscripts Department, Fund Personal
archive Grigore Tocilescu, Passive correspondence [S 30(5)/XCIII, 137906; col. mss
220/1985], Letter addressed by the German architect Gustav von Cube to G. Tocilescu65.
Adamklissi, 4. Juli 06
Sehr geehrter Herr Senator!

Da mein Brief, den ich Ihnen vor 10 Tagen geschrieben habe, bis jetzt unbeanwortet geblie-
ben ist, muß ich annehmen, daß er nicht in Ihre Hände gelangt ist. Ich hatte Ihnen geschrei-
ben, daß Richter, den ich dienstlich nach Medgidia geschickt hatte, vier Tage dort gebleiben
ist, eine ganze Woche von der Arbeit fernbleib und außerdem Geld von mir, der ich ihm zum
Wechseln herausgab, zum Teil für sich gebraucht hatte. Das Geld hat er mir nun mehr wie-
der erstattet und mir der feierliche Versprechen gegeben, daß er sich dienstlich nicht mehr zu
Schulden kommen lassen will. Somit glaube ich die Angelegenheit auf sich beruhen lassen zu
können, möchte aber von Ihnen gerne bestätigt haben, ob Sie meinen diesbezüglichen Brief
bekommen haben, denn im gegenteiligen Falle muß ich annehmen, daß Mahomed oder
Richter den Brief auf irgend eine Weise eskamotiert hat.
//2//
Ich bleibe noch gegen 4 Wochen in Adamklissi, habe demgemäß meinen Aufenthalt etwas
verlängert, um einerseits die in Angriff genommenen Arbeiten noch möglichst zu fördern,
andererseits aber um den Ausgrabungsplan so vorzubereiten, daß Herr Harrer, der wohl
noch einige Woche länger hier bleiben wird, genau nach meinen Direktiven auch ohne
meine persönliche Aufsicht weiter arbeiten kann. Ich werde ihm demgemäß den weiteren
Gang der vorzunehmenden Arbeiten genau vorschreiben und ihn veranlassen sich strikt an
meine Anordnungen zu halten.
Die Marmorbasilika, deren Ausgrabung ich schon vor 3 Wochen zu beendigen glaubte, hat
in ihrer näheren Umgebung zu so interessanten Funden geführt, daß ich wohl noch etliche
Wochen daran zu arbeiten haben werde. Die Kirche selbst ist fix und fertig, außerdem die
Narthex und der Atrium. Die ganze Anordnung errinert an St. Clemente in Rom, natürlich
in sehr verkleinerten Maßstäbe. Die Bauten westl. der Atriums müssen noch ausgegraben
werden, die Bulgaren und Türken haben da Unglaubliches hineingebaut und es muß eine
//3//
sorgfältige Lichtung der Mauerreste erfolgen, um Unwichtiges verschwinden zu lassen
und die Bauten, die mit der Kirche in einer Epoche fallen so herauszuschallen, daß der
Gesamteindruck dieser reizenden und malerischen Anlage unbeieindruckt zum Ausdruck
gelangt. Überraschend ist die reiche architektonische Ausstattung der Südseite. Bis dato ist zu
constatieren, daß die Narthex an ihrer Südseite eine Vorhalle hatte, zu den Treppen hinauf-
führten. Außerdem trat an der ganzen Seite Pflaster, teils aus Stein, teils aus Ziegeln zu Tage,
so daß ich annahm, daß die Südseite der Kirche auf eine breite Straße oder auf einen freien
65
The text of the letter was read from German and transcribed by Cristina Alexandrescu, PhD,
member of the “Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology in Bucharest, in the framework of the
AREA Project, on which the institute was partener.
Platz ging. Ich werde bestärkt in dieser Annahme durch die Aufdeckung einer Apsidalbaues
in einer Entfernung von 2,50 m von der Südhalle der Atriums. Da dieser Baurest zur Hälfte
ausgegraben ist, weiß ich noch nicht welchen Zwecken er diente. Ein Turm ist es nicht, dafür
sind die Mauern zu schwach und außerdem lassen die Apsiden die Viermutung nicht zu. Es
könnte entweder eine Memorie oder ein Baptisterium sein. Letztere Ansicht wird durch den
Fund einer Thonröhrenkanals verstärkt, der
{Note: On the lower left corner are sketched (without graphic scale) the baptistery and
the location of the ones described on the basilica’s plan}
//4//
zur kleinen Öffnung der Nord-Apside führt und [tear of the page, two illegible words]
Mauer endigt. An dieser Stelle muß sich also das Becken befunden haben. Ob er von außen und
innen z[eit]gleich zugänglich war und wir somit ein an monumentalen Brunnen haben, ist
ebenfalls nicht ausgeschloßen. Jedenfalls muß vorläufig jede bestimmte Meinung unterdruckt
werden, bis die vollkommene Freilegung dieser interessanten Baues erfolgt ist. Jedenfalls gibt
uns die ganze Sakralanlage ein vorzüglicher Beispiel altchristlicher Bauentwicklung und
liefert einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Architekturgeschichte jener Zeit. Ein Umstand wirkt sehr
erschwerend bei der Rekonstruktion, das ist die fabelhafte Zerstörung und Verschleppung
der skulptierten und behauenen Bauteile. Säulenfragmente, die offenbar im Langhaus gehö-
ren, fanden sich im Atrium und jetzt wieder vor der südlichen Narthextreppe. Sie müßen
nach der Zerstörung der ersten Kirche z.T. an anderer Stelle ihren Platz gefunden haben,
z.T. sind sie ganz verschleppt worden.
//5//
Das Porticus forensis, wie ich die Halle an der SW-Ecke der Straßenkreuzung benannt
habe, macht schon jetzt, nachdem ein Teil der hineingebauter Bruchsteinmauern jungerer
Epochen verschwunden ist, einen äußerst imposanter Eindruck. Die vollständige Freilegung
wird etwa in 3 Wochen erfolgt sein.
Das Westtor, gegen das ich momentan mit 2 Schienenseringen (?) und in enigen Tagen
mit einem dritten vorgehe, wird bis zu meiner Abfahrt so weit vom äußeren Schutt befreit
sein, daß nun einen Begriff von der mächtigen Fortifikationsanlage bekommen kann.
Meines Erachtens ist überhaupt der Mauerring die pièce de resistance der Cetatea, denn in
Anbetracht ihrer exponierten Lage in einer Gegend, die seit Urzeiten als Durchgangsstraße
der Völker diente müßte die Stadt einen besonderen Wert auf die Befestigungsanlage legen.
Ich habe am nördl. Flankenturm unterhalb der bisher aufgedeckten Mauern noch eine Reihe
weiterer Quaderschichten freigelegt und dabei einen Absatz gefunden, der mit den römischen
Fundamenten in engem Zusammenhang stehen dürfte. Ich werde bis zum Fundamentsohle
vordringen um das Alter der Mauenr bestimmen zu können.
//6//
Sehr erwünscht wäre mit jetzt, wie ich Ihnen bereits in meinem vorigen Briefe schrieb,
ein Ausflug in Ihrer Gesellschaft nach Cernavoda und Constanza um römische
Befestigungsanlagen in der Dorbroudscha zu studieren und dadurch einen Anhaltspunkt für
Adamklissi zu haben. Ich bitte Sie mir zu schreiben, wann Sie zu dieser Excursion Zeit haben.
Zum Schlusse erlaube ich mir Sie um Rückerstattung folgender Auslagen für das Museum
zu bitten. Da ich den größter Teil der letzten Geldsendung nach Hause geschickt habe, muß
ich damit rechnen.
Holz für Gerüste, Schrauben, Nieten
Eisen für Schienen und Wagons (z.T. Quittung?) 44,90
Dienstfahrten nach Medgidia 17. –
Reparaturen am Hause 8.30
____________
70.20 fcr.
Da ich für die Instandesetzung der Drehscheibe, die dringend erforderlich ist, und für die
[vorsteh]enden Reparaturen, die der sehr schlechte Zustand der Arbeitsmaterials
//7//
erheischt(?), noch mehr Auslagen haben werde und nicht im Stande bin, diese aus meiner
eingenen Taschen zu bezahlen, bitte ich Sie mir einen Dispositionsfond von 100 frcr. Zu
schicken, den ich vor meiner Abreise mit Ihnen verrechnen werde. Ich habe eine große Anzahl
von photographischen Aufnahmen gemacht, die recht gut gelungen sind. Da ich noch viel
photographieren muß, bitte ich um möglichst baldige Zusendung folgenden Sachen:
– 10 Rollen Fils à 6 Aufnahmen, Größe 9x9 für Kodak
– 3 Paketts Solio-Papier 9x12
– 3 „ „ Actino-Papier 9x12
– Für 2 frcr. Filtrierpapier
– 3 Paketts präparierte Postkarten (letztere bitte ich bei der Bezahlung meiner Auslagen
abzurechnen, da Sie für meinen persönlichen Gebrauch sind)
Die photographischen Sachen bekommt man bei Economu&Zlatko Drogue &Coloniale,
Strada Şelari 4, Bukarest.
In der Hoffnung auf baldiger Wiedersehen.
Ihr ergebenster
Dr. von Cube
Fig. 1. The tile page of the PhD thesis of Grigore Tocilescu, defended at the
Charles University in Prague, in 1876 (“Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology,
the Archive of Museum of National Antiquities, Folder 10, file II).
Fig. 2. The triumphal monuments of Adamclisi, about 1896 (?),

photo made by architect H. Jacobi (?) (“Vasile Pârvan” Institute of
Archaeology, Photo archive, Fund Adamclisi, box 6, envelope 2).
Fig. 3. Grigore Tocilescu making

notes at Adamclisi, near a
fragment of the trophy. On the
photo’s backside the mention:
Fotografisches Atelier “Brand” Wien,
X. Währingerstrasse 5. u. 7. (Garten-
Atelier) (“Vasile Pârvan” Institute of
Archaeology, Photo archive, Fund
Adamclisi, box 6, envelope 1).
Fig. 4. 1–2. Letter addressed by Gustav von Cube to Grigore Tocilescu

from Adamclisi, July 4, 1906 (The Library of the Romanian Academy,
the Manuscripts Department, Fund Personal archive Grigore
Tocilescu, Passive correspondence [S 30(5)/XCIII, 137906).
Fig. 4. 3–4. Letter addressed by Gustav von Cube to Grigore Tocilescu

from Adamclisi, July 4, 1906 (The Library of the Romanian Academy,
the Manuscripts Department, Fund Personal archive Grigore
Tocilescu, Passive correspondence [S 30(5)/XCIII, 137906).
Fig. 5. The Romanian delegation visiting Patras (?), 4.09.1901

(“Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology, the Archive of Museum
of National Antiquities, without individual number)
Fig. 6. A photo portrait of Grigore G. Tocilescu

(“Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology, the Archive of
Museum of National Antiquities, Folder 15, file IX).
Abbreviations
AMN Acta Musei Napocensis, Cluj-Napoca.

AMP Acta Musei Porolissensis, Zalău.
AMS Terra Sebvs. Acta Musei Sabiensis, Sebeș.
ANDJH Direcția Județeană Hunedoara a Arhivelor Naționale. Fondul “Societa-
tea de științe istorice și arheologice a Comitatului Hunedoara”, Deva.
Antiquity Antiquity. Review of world archaeology, Durham University, UK.
Apulum Apulum. Acta Musei Apulensis, Alba Iulia.
Arch.Ért Archaeologiai Értesitő, Budapest.
A Szamosuj. Vár. A Szamosujvári Vármegyei Örmény Katholikus Nyilvános Algym-
Őrm. Kath. Nyil. názium Tudósitója, Szamosújvár.
Algymn. Tudósit.
ATÉ Az Alsófehérmegyei Történelmi, Régészeti és Természettudományi
Társaság Évkönyve, Kolozsvár – Nagyenyed – Gyulafehérvár.
BSNR Buletinul Societății Numismatice Române, București.
CAH Communicationes Archaeologicae Hungariae, Budapest.
CIL Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, Berlin.
CSRSG Commentarii Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Goettingensis, Göttingen.
Dacia Dacia. Revue d’archéologie et d’histoire ancienne, N.S., București.
Denkschriften Denkschriften der Philosophisch-Historischen Klasse der Kaiserlichen
Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien.
EphemDac Ephemeris Dacoromana, Roma.
HTRTÉ Hunyad Vármegyei Történelmi és Régészeti Társulat Évkönyve,
Kolozsvár.
IDR Inscriptiones Daciae Romanae, Cluj-București.
JÖAI Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archaeologischen Instituts, Wien.
JPMÉ Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve, Pécs.
JPM Irattár Janus Pannonius Múzeum Irattára (Archives of the Janus Pannonius
Museum), Pécs.
JRA Journal of Roman Archaeology, Portsmouth, Rhode Island.
MÉL Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon, Vol. 1, Budapest 1967.
Min.Ért. A Minorita Rendház vezetése alatt álló Szilágysomlyói Római Katholi-
kus Püspöki Főegyházmegye Értesítője, Szilágysomlyó-Zilah.
MNL BaML Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Baranya Megyei Levéltára (The Hungarian
National Archives Baranya County Archives), Pécs.
414 Abbreviations
MNL OL Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára (The Hungarian Natio-

nal Archives National Archives of Hungary), Budapest.
MNLex Magyar Nagylexikon, Vol. 10, Budapest 2000.
MNM ÉT LK Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Éremtár Leltárkönyv (Inventory book of
the Numismatic Collection, the Hungarian National Museum),
Budapest.
MNM Irattár Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Irattár (Archives of the Hungarian National
Museum), Budapest.
MNM RT LK Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Régészeti Tár Leltárkönyv (Inventory book
of the Department of Archaeology, the Hungarian National Museum),
Budapest.
MTA Keleti Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, Keleti Gyűjtemény, a Goldziher-leve-
lezés (Hungarian Academy of Sciences Oriental collection, Goldziher
correspondence), Budapest.
MTA Kézirattár Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Kézirattára, Budapest.
OSZK Kézirattár Országos Széchényi Könyvtár, Kézirattár (National Széchényi Library,
Collection of manuscripts), Budapest.
OSZK Levelestár Országos Széchényi Könyvtár, Levelestár (National Széchényi Library,
Collection of letters), Budapest.
PPKL Pécsi Püspöki és Káptalani Levéltár (Episcopal and Chapter Archives
of Pécs), Pécs.
PVM Pécsi Városi Múzeum (City Museum of Pécs), Pécs.
SCIVA Studii și Cercetări de Istoria Veche și Arheologie, București.
Sietzungberichte Sitzungberichte der Philosophisch-Historischen Klasse der Kaiserlichen
Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien.
SJHAN, FSIACH Serviciul Judeţean Hunedoara al Arhivelor Naţionale, Fond Societatea
de Istorie şi Arheologie a Comitatului Hunedoara (Hunedoara County
Service of the National Archives, the History and Archaeology Society
of Hunedoara County’s fund), Deva.
SPECIMINA Specimina Nova Dissertationum ex Institutis Historiae Antiquae et
NOVA Archaeologiae Universitatis Quinqueecclesiensis, Pécs.
SZNM Könyvtár Székely Nemzeti Múzeum, Könyvtár Intézményi Levéltár (Szekler
National Museum Library, Institutional archive), Sf. Gheorghe.
TVL M. Asztalos/E. Bálint/M. Bálint Et Al. (eds.), Tolnai új világlexi-
kona, Vol. 8., Budapest 1927.
ÚMÉL L. Markó (ed.), Új Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon, Vol. 3, Budapest, 2001.
ÚML A. Berei/Z. Csürös Et Al. (ed.), Új Magyar Lexikon, Vol. 3., Buda-
pest 1960.
WMMM ÚT. D. Wosinsky Mór Megyei Múzeum, Újkortörténeti Dokumentumgyűj-
temény (Historic Documents Collection, Wosinsky Mór County
Museum), Szekszárd.
List of Contributors
Irina Achim Phil Freeman

achimirina@yahoo.com Department of Archaeology,
“Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology Classics and Egyptology
of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest University of Liverpool
P.W.M.Freeman@liverpool.ac.uk
Ioan Bejinariu
County Museum of History Olivér Gábor
and Art, Zalău Janus Pannonius Museum,
bion_1867@yahoo.com Pécs
gabor.oliver67@gmail.com
Cristina Bodó
Museum of Dacian and Kirill Gusev
Roman Civilization, Deva State Historical Museum,
emesbod@yahoo.com Moscow
kirgus@list.ru
Corina Borș
corina.bors73@gmail.com Ana Cristina Hamat
National History Museum of Romania, Museum of Highland Banat, Reșița
Bucharest anahamat@yahoo.com
Laura Coltofean Eszter Istvánovits

Brukenthal National Museum, Sibiu Jósa András Museum, Nyíregyháza
laura.coltofean@gmail.com istvanov@josamuzeum.hu
Delia Cornea Jenny Kaurin

Museum of National History Conservation Départementale des
and Archaeology, Constanța Musées de la Meuse, Sampigny
roxanne_albu@yahoo.com jenny.kaurin@culture.gouv.fr
Florin Fodorean Maria Medvedeva

Department of Ancient Institute for the History
History and Archaeology of Material Culture
Faculty of History and Philosophy Russian Academy of Sciences,
Babeș-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Saint Petersburg
fodorean_f@yahoo.com pharc@mail.ru
416 List of Contributors
Radu Ota Vladislav Sobolev

National Museum of Union, Alba Iulia Laboratory of Archaeology
eractum@yahoo.com Historical Sociology and
Cultural Heritage
Emanuel Pripon Saint Petersburg State University
The County Museum of History and Art, vlad.sobolev@gmail.com
Zalău
emanoilpripon@yahoo.com Julien Trapp
Musée de La Cour d’Or
Viorica Rusu-Bolindeț – Metz Métropole
National Museum of Transylvanian Université de Lorraine
History, Cluj-Napoca jtrapp@metzmetropole.fr
viorusu1@yahoo.com
Adrienn Wéber
Béla Santa University of Pécs
University of Liverpool wadria@gmail.com
b.santa@liv.ac.uk
Heinrich Zabehlicky
Csaba Szabó heinrich.zabehlicky@gmail.com
Center of Roman Studies
Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca Evgenia Zastrozhnova
szabo.csaba.pte@gmail.com Archive of Russian Academy of
Sciences, Saint Petersburg
pankratova0484@yandex.ru

Grigore Tocilescu A Pioneer of Romanian

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Grigore Tocilescu A Pioneer of Romanian

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BIBLIOTHECA MUSEI APULENSIS X XIX

THE PIONEERS OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN ALBA IULIA AND BEYOND

Proceedings of the International Conference

Editura Mega | www.edituramega.ro

Program of the international conference 17

I. THE LIFE AND WORK OF ADALBERT CSERNI

II. SOCIAL AND ACADEMIC NETWORK OF THE PIONEERS

III. THE BEGINNINGS OF URBAN ARCHAEOLOGY IN EUROPE

Ana Cristina Hamat

IV. FROM ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTIONS TO THE FIRST

Delia Roxana Cornea

List of Contributors 415

Irina Achim, Corina Borș

Abstract: Pioneer of archaeological research in Romania, Grigore G. Tocilescu

Keywords: Romanian archaeology; Grigore G. Tocilescu; pioneer of archaeological

Cserni and his Contemporaries, Cluj-Napoca, 2017, p. 61–90

as ever1. The attempt to reconstruct by archive study and documentation the

G. Tocilescu – some biographical landmarks

on 1876, following a license (graduated studies) in law at the University of

yers of studies in classical philology and Greek-Roman epigraphy in Paris, at

Tocilescu – an archaeologist, epigraphist and scientist of his time

pared by von Cube provide an interesting insight on the general athmosphere

Grigore Tocilescu, Passive correspondence, S 30 (1–5)/XCIII, 137902–137906/ five letters and

Commerce, de l’industrie, des postes et des Télégraphes de France54 (concerning

Tocilescu and his students – a glimpse

This brief incursion on the biography and professional activity of Grigore

Freeman 2007 P. W. M. Freeman, The best training-ground for archaeologists.

Archives of European Archaeology (AREA) network and

I. Passive coresspondence, Grigore Tocilescu

II. Active correspondence, Grigore Tocilescu

71. Tocilescu Grigore to Dionisie Păcuraru, 1909, September 20, Bad-Nauheim / S 20

Sehr geehrter Herr Senator!

Fig. 2. The triumphal monuments of Adamclisi, about 1896 (?),

Fig. 3. Grigore Tocilescu making

Fig. 4. 1–2. Letter addressed by Gustav von Cube to Grigore Tocilescu

Fig. 4. 3–4. Letter addressed by Gustav von Cube to Grigore Tocilescu

Fig. 5. The Romanian delegation visiting Patras (?), 4.09.1901

Fig. 6. A photo portrait of Grigore G. Tocilescu

AMN Acta Musei Napocensis, Cluj-Napoca.

MNL OL Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára (The Hungarian Natio-

Irina Achim Phil Freeman

Laura Coltofean Eszter Istvánovits

Delia Cornea Jenny Kaurin

Florin Fodorean Maria Medvedeva

Radu Ota Vladislav Sobolev

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Program of the international conference 17

List of Contributors 415