Crank shaft High quality Steel or iron Forging of casting process. Ground and accurately dimensioned at journal and crank pin surfaces. Induction Hardened – nitrided. Connecting rod Steel Forging, polished to prevent fatigue failure
Aluminium alloy To reduce weight.
Piston CI Earlier days – heavy, liable to cracks
Al alloy with 12% Si Less weight and low coef.
Of thermal coef of expansion. `piston rings CI (chrome plated or Ni is To increase wear resistance added)
Steel chromium plated oil rings in some cases.
Valves Special high tensile steel Exhaust valve – high temp alloyed with Mn, Si, Cr Al coatings are used to improve ht transfer.
High tensile alloy steel with Inlet valve
Ni, Cr, Mo
0.6 – 0.7% C spring steel Valve springs
Cylinder block Grey CI 3.5%c, 0.65 Mn, 2.5% Si
Cylinder sleeve Cylinder head Grey CI
Journal bearing Babbit metal Sn 90%, Cu 4.5%, Sb 5%,
Pb 0.5%
Bronze Alloy of Cu, Sn, Zn
Gun metal Cu 88%, Sn 10%, Zn 2%
Phosphor bronze Cu 80%, Sn 10%, Pb 9%,
P 1% CI Self lubricating
Carbon grahite brgs Self lubricating
Fly wheel CI
Gears Case hardened steel Resists severe shock loads
and wear
Gear box casing CI To damp vibration and
stable
Clutch facing Pressed asbestos on CI or Fric coeff = 0.3
steel Temp = 150 – 250
Leaf springs Steel 0.9 – 1.0% C Cr, V are added in