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AUTOMOTIVE MATERIALS

Part Material Description


Crank shaft High quality Steel or iron Forging of casting process.
Ground and accurately
dimensioned at journal and
crank pin surfaces.
Induction Hardened –
nitrided.
Connecting rod Steel Forging, polished to prevent
fatigue failure

Aluminium alloy To reduce weight.


Piston CI Earlier days – heavy, liable
to cracks

Al alloy with 12% Si Less weight and low coef.


Of thermal coef of
expansion.
`piston rings CI (chrome plated or Ni is To increase wear resistance
added)

Steel chromium plated oil rings in some cases.


Valves Special high tensile steel Exhaust valve – high temp
alloyed with Mn, Si, Cr Al coatings are used to
improve ht transfer.

High tensile alloy steel with Inlet valve


Ni, Cr, Mo

0.6 – 0.7% C spring steel Valve springs

Cylinder block Grey CI 3.5%c, 0.65 Mn, 2.5% Si

Cylinder sleeve
Cylinder head Grey CI

Journal bearing Babbit metal Sn 90%, Cu 4.5%, Sb 5%,


Pb 0.5%

Bronze Alloy of Cu, Sn, Zn

Gun metal Cu 88%, Sn 10%, Zn 2%

Phosphor bronze Cu 80%, Sn 10%, Pb 9%,


P 1%
CI Self lubricating

Carbon grahite brgs Self lubricating


Fly wheel CI

Gears Case hardened steel Resists severe shock loads


and wear

Gear box casing CI To damp vibration and


stable

Clutch facing Pressed asbestos on CI or Fric coeff = 0.3


steel Temp = 150 – 250

Leaf springs Steel 0.9 – 1.0% C Cr, V are added in


automotive purpose

Helical springs Oil tempered carbon steel


0.6-0.7% C and
0.6 – 1% Mn
Wheel

Arms
Axle 1040, 4140 steels*

Body Mild sheet steel, sheet Ni


alloy steel*

Chassis Mg alloy*

Brake lining Asbestos block lining 180-225 0c (with stands)

Lubricant SAE oil*

Steering wheel Hardened plastic*

Transmission

* refer books and internet

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