Individual Tasks

PAPERS ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE

“ROCKS”

Compiled by :

FIQI HIDAYAT FAMIR

R1C 116 125

JURUSAN TEKNIK GEOLOGI

FAKULTAS ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI KEBUMIAN

UNIVERSITAS HALU OLEO

KENDARI

2017
 PREFACE

Praise we prayed the presence of God ALLAH SWT who has

bestowed grace,taufiq, and hidayah to us, so that author can complete this
paper. Salawat and salam to our prophet Muhammad SAW that has been
rifling Through the door of ignorance to the expanse of science.

The paper,English For Science about “Rocks” this arranged to meet

the task of courses English For Science. Author realized that in the
preparation of the paper is still many shortcomings and requires a lot of
improvements.For that author expecting criticims and suggestions is built
for refinement the paper. The author hope this paper there is in order and
the benefits for the reader Amen.

Kendari,12 Juni 2017

Author
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background

Geology comes from Greece, (Geo means earth, and Logos

means science). It can be interpreted that Geology is a science that
studies the earth, whether it is about the composition, structure, physical
properties, history and the process of formation associated with the earth.
Geology learns from very small objects such as atoms to large ones like
continents, oceans and mountains. The word geology was first used in
1778 by Jean-Andre Deluc. Geology is the study of the earth that
investigates the layers of rock present in the earth's crust. In the earth's
crust there are various rocks and ushered layers of the earth's crust there
is water that we use everyday. Besides geology means knowledge that
studies the history of the development of the earth and the creatures that
once existed and lived on the surface of the earth. Geology is divided into
various branches of science. Following the branches of geology:
1. Mineralogy: The study of minerals as the main ingredient of the earth's
crust.
2. Petrology: The study of rocks and the way they occur (ganesha), kinds
of rocks, and classifications.
3. Stratigraphy: The study of rock laying on the earth's crust in space and
time relationships.
4. Paleontology: The study of the union of the remains of ancient animals
or plants.
5. Geological history: The study of the sequence of events during the
Earth's changing period from one age to another.
6. Economic Geology: The study of precious mineral deposits such as
gold, oil, coal and others.
7. Geophysics: The study of the physical properties of the earth, such as
gravity, magnetic phenomena, and so on.
8. Geomorphology: Science that studies the formation of the earth that
occurs as a result of natural phenomena outside the earth. (meteor)
9. Gelogi Technique: The science applied to the technique. Such as the
construction of reservoirs, toll roads and others.
10. Photo gelogi: The study of the symptoms of gelogy from the
interpretation of aerial photographs.
11. Geological structure: The study of the shape, architecture and
symptoms that lead to price changes
12. Environmental Geology: A science that studies the geology that is
applied in everyday life.
13.Volukologi: The study of the mountains and the inseparable chain of
geology.

1.2 Formulation Of The Problem

 What is a Rock?
 What is Types of types of Rocks?
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

2.1 Understanding Rocks

All the rocks originally came from magma. Magma is a liquid rock
that lies beneath the surface of the earth. Magma out on the surface of the
earth, among others, through the peak of the volcano, for example when
the eruption occurred. Magma that have reached the surface of the earth
called lava. On the surface of the earth lava will freeze. The lava that has
frozen then becomes igneous rock. Frozen rocks on the face of the earth
for thousands of years can be destroyed due to heat, rain, and activities of
plants and animals.

Further destruction of the rock is caught by water, wind or animal

to another place to be deposited. Crushed deposited rocks can be re-
fossilized so-called sedimentary rocks or sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary
or frozen rocks can change shape due to changes in temperature and
pressure. Rocks that change shape called rock malihan or metamorphic
rocks.

2.2 Types of types of Rocks

2.2.1 Frozen Rocks
Frozen or igneous igneous rocks are a type of rock formed from
magma that cools and hardenes, with or without crystallization, either
beneath the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or above the surface as
rocks Extrusive (volcanic). In identifying igneous rocks, it is very necessary
to know the characteristics of igneous rocks that include physical
properties and mineral composition of igneous rocks.
Frozen Rocks
Is a rock formed from freezing magma. Consists of:
 The igneous rocks in: occur slowly while the magma is still in the
earth. Example: Granite, Gabro & Diorite.
 The igneous rocks of the alley: the freezing takes place in the
hallway between the magma chamber and the surface of the earth.
Example: Aplidiorit, Odinit, Granite Porphyry.
 Outer frozen rock: freezes after being on the surface of the earth.
Examples: Basalt, Diorite, Andesite, Obsidian, Pumice.

2.2.2 Sedimentary rocks (Sediments)

Formed from the deposition of eroded materials. That is;
 Clastic: the chemical composition is the same as the original rock.
Examples: gravel, sand & mud.
 Chemical: occurs due to chemical processes (dissolution,
evaporation, oxidation). Example: limestone.
 Organic: its settling requires the aid of the organism. Example:
rock.
2.2.3 Metamorf rocks
Rocks that have undergone changes in shape and properties due to
temperature and high pressure from within the earth.
 Contact: formed due to temperature change. Example: Marble and
Lime.
 Dinamo: formed due to pressure changes. Example: slate.
 Regional; Formed due to high pressure and temperature. Example:
gneis stone.
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion

Conclusion from papers english for science “Rocks” is:

 All the rocks originally came from magma. Magma is a liquid rock
that lies beneath the surface of the earth. Magma out on the
surface of the earth, among others, through the peak of the
volcano, for example when the eruption occurred
 Frozen or igneous igneous rocks are a type of rock formed from
magma that cools and hardenes, with or without crystallization,
either beneath the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or above the
surface as rocks Extrusive (volcanic).

 Sedimentary rocks (Sediments)Formed from the deposition of

eroded materials
 Metamorf rocks that have undergone changes in shape and
properties due to temperature and high pressure from within the
earth.
 REFERENCE

http://www.smiagiunsoed.hol.es

http://www.studiobelajar.com