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Abstract: This paper presents the modelling and simulation of Static Var Compensator
(SVC) in power system studies by MATLAB. In the first step, we have modeled
mathematically with MathCAD how to analyze the rating of SVC (Boudjella, 2008). In
second step, we have conferred modelling of SVC in power system to analyze its
behaviour operating with in control range and outside of control range and how to
perform power system studies which is anchored with load flow analysis for SVC
realization. In the third step, we have been modelling separately the SVC transfer
functions with open control loop in the respective control elements: measuring module,
thyristor susceptance control module and voltage regulator module, and we have used
lag/led compensators theories to configure open and close loop transfer function with
respective gain/phase margin. At the final step, we have controlled the voltage and the
reactive power transit in the power system, by SVC device.
2
(4) QC min = 3U min .I C min = U min .BC rated
U min
I C min = I C rated = 214 .86 A
U rated
a) At rated line-to-line voltage Urated, the nominal (7) Slope = ∆ VC max = ∆ V L max
inductive and capacitive currents of SVC I C max I L max
referred to primary side are determined as
follows:
The regulation slope allows:
(1) Q L rated = 3 U rated . I L rated = U 2rated . B Lrated - To extend the linear operating range of the
compensator.
Q Lrated Q 3 TSC − Q TCR - To improve the stability of the voltage regulation
I Lrated = = = 135.89 A
3 U rated 3 U rated loop.
- To enforce automatic load sharing between static
(2) Q C rated = 3 U rated . I C rated = U 2rated . B C rated var compensator as well as other voltage regulation
devices.
QC rated Q3 TSC
I C rated = = = 221.51 A The V-I characteristic is described by the following
3 U rated 3 U rated three equations:
2 (9) V = I
QL max = 3U max .I L max = U max .B Lrated
− B C max
U max
(3) I
L max = I L rated = 137 .24 A
U rated SVC is fully capacitive B = BC max
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THE ANNALS OF “DUNAREA DE JOS” UNIVERSITY OF GALATI
FASCICLE III, 2008, Vol.31, No.1, ISSN 1221-454X
jXSL jB
PV node
P=0, V=Vref Auxiliary
SVC node
Fig.2. SVC steady-state control characteristics.
4. MODELING OF STATIC VAR Fig.3. SVC model for operation, a) within the control
COMPENSATOR IN POWER SYSTEM STUDIES range, b) outside the control rage.
SVC application studies require appropriate power 5. SVC CONTROL TRANSFER FUNCTION
system models and study methods covering the MODELED BY MATLAB
particular problems to be solved by the SVC
application. The following studies normally are The SVC modelling comprises of following elements
required for an SVC application from the early (Boudjella, 2008; Noroozian, 1996):
planning stage till operation (Acha, et al., 2004;
C.E.Lin, et al., 1988; Lakdja, 2005). - The voltage and current measuring (and filtering)
circuit.
• Load flow studies. - A regulator including possible additional signals fed
• Small and large disturbance studies. to the reference point.
• Harmonic studies.
• Electromagnetic transient studies. - Additional control signals are used for system
• Fault studies. damping improvement.
- A distribution unit.
4.1. Model for load flow analysis
- A model of the Thyristor susceptance control
The main objective of load flow analyses is to module.
determine the node voltages reactive and active - A model of the interface with the power system.
power flow in the network branches, generations and
loss. The power flow studies related to SVC 5.1. Measuring module
applications are (Acha, et al., 2002; Chi, et al., 1992;
Noroozian, 1996): In SVC model, the characteristics of the measuring
and filter circuit can be approximated by transfer
- Determine the location and preliminary rating of the function as given below:
SVC.
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FASCICLE III, 2008, Vol.31, No.1, ISSN 1221-454X
The measuring circuit time constant is 0.001-0.005s Where B0 is the susceptance of the transformer.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.
5.6.
5.7.
BSVC
Bref
Fig.5. Voltage Regulator Model integral type. 6. TYPICAL PARAMETERS FOR SVC MODELS
5.3. Thyristor susceptance control model The parameters of the SVC have to be selected to
SVC rating and performance criteria taking into
account the power system behavior under various
e − s Td B operating conditions.
Bref
s Tb + 1 To improve SVC strategic operation these parameters
are viable (Acha, et al., 2004; Boudjella, 2008).
Td is the gating delay or (dead time) is neglected as it
is very small (≈ 1/12 th cycle of the fundamental) and
Tb is the effect of Thyristor firing sequence control.
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Table 1: Typical Parameters for SVC Model For simplified model, we have:
1 : transfer function of the compensator Fig.9. Effect of voltage regulation and slope.
GB (s) =
1 + sTd
SVC transfer function of voltage measuring device
main circuit. outcomes is given by Fig.4.
G N ( s ) = X e : transfer function of the network. 1
H (s) =
1 + sTm
The slope of the steady-state characteristics is related
1
to transfer function gain K SL =
X SL
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THE ANNALS OF “DUNAREA DE JOS” UNIVERSITY OF GALATI
FASCICLE III, 2008, Vol.31, No.1, ISSN 1221-454X
7.3. SVC Control Compensator Designing frequency, thus providing smooth and fast control of
reactive power supply to the system (Acha, et al.,
1 2004; Acha, et al., 2002).
GB (s) =
1 + sTd
Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC): comprises of a
capacitor in series with bidirectional Thyristor valve
and a damping reactor, used to switch on and off the
capacitor bank. The TSC can operate in coordination
with the TCR so that the sum of the reactive power
from the TSC and the TCR becomes linear.
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Va (pu) Ia (pu/100MVA)
2
Ia system. This technique may be used to verify the
1
adequacy of the control parameters. And finally, we
0
connect an SVC on a power grid to control the
voltage and the reactive power.
-1
-2
12. REFERENCES
-3
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Vref
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