2015 Physics As Revision Cards Paper 1 As NEW

REVISION CARDS
Physics AS/A2 Topics 1,2,3

www.physicsinfo.co.uk Modified 05/12/2017 (PB)
1
Assessment
AS Paper 1 AS Paper 2 A2 Paper 1 A2 Paper 2 A2 Paper 3
8PH0/01 50% 8PH0/02 50% 9PHO/01 9PHO/02 9PHO/03
1 hr 30 minutes 1 hr 30 minutes 1 hr 45 minutes 1 hr 45 minutes 2 hrs 30 minutes
80 marks 80 marks 90 marks 90 marks 120 marks
123 145 123678 1 4 5 9 10 11 12 13 Core Practicals &
synoptic
Index Topic 1
4 Learning outcomes Topic 1, 2 4 SI Base units
5 Learning outcomes Topic 2 3 SI Derived Units visual
6 Learning outcomes Topic 3 4 SI Derived Units
7 Command words 1 5 SI Prefixes
8 Command words 2 6 Calculating uncertainty
7 Percentage uncertainty
8 Combining uncertainty
Index: Topic 2 / 3
16 Uniformly accelerated motion 30 KE and GPE
17 Displacement vs. time graphs 31 Power
18 Velocity vs. time graphs 32 Current & voltage
19 Scalar and Vector 33 Ohms Law
20 Vector components 34 Resistors in series and parallel
21 Coplanar vector resultant 35 Current vs Potential Difference graphs
22 Projectile 36 Electrical power
23 Free body force diagrams 37 Resistivity
24 ΣF = ma 38 Potential divider
25 Force and weight 39 Current carrying wires
26 Momentum & Newton’s Laws 40 EMF and PD
27 Moment of a force 41 Resistance and temperature
28 Centre of gravity 42 Resistance and light
29 Work done by a force 43 Data, formulae and relationships
Topic 1 Topic 2
1 know and understand the distinction between base and derived 9 be able to use the equations for uniformly accelerated motion in one
quantities and their SI units dimension:
2 be able to demonstrate their knowledge of practical skills and (u+v) t
techniques for both familiar and unfamiliar experiments s= 2
3 be able to estimate values for physical quantities and use their v = u + at
estimate to solve problems s = ut + ½ a t2
4 understand the limitations of physical measurement and apply these v2 = u2 + 2as
limitations to practical situations 10 be able to draw and interpret displacement/time, velocity/time and
5 be able to communicate information and ideas in appropriate ways acceleration/time graphs
using appropriate terminology 11 know the physical quantities derived from the slopes and areas of
6 understand applications and implications of science and evaluate displacement/time, velocity/time and acceleration/time graphs,
their associated benefits and risks including cases of non-uniform acceleration and understand how to
7 understand the role of the scientific community in validating new use the quantities
knowledge and ensuring integrity 12 understand scalar and vector quantities and know examples of each
8 understand the ways in which society uses science to inform decision type of quantity and recognise vector notation
making 13 be able to resolve a vector into two components at right angles to
each other by drawing and by calculation
14 be able to find the resultant of two coplanar vectors at any angle to
each other by drawing, and at right angles to each other by
calculation
15 understand how to make use of the independence of vertical and
horizontal motion of a projectile moving freely under gravity
16 be able to draw and interpret free-body force diagrams to represent
forces on a particle or on an extended but rigid body
Topic 2
17 be able to use the equation ∑F = ma, and understand how to use this 25 be able to use the equation for work ∆W = F∆s, including calculations
equation in situations where m is constant (Newton’s second law of when the force is not along the line of motion
motion), including Newton’s first law of motion where a = 0, objects 26 be able to use the equation Ek = ½ mv2 for the kinetic energy of a body
at rest or travelling at constant velocity 27 be able to use the equation ∆Egrav = mg∆h for the difference in
Use of the term terminal velocity is expected gravitational potential energy near the Earth’s surface
18 be able to use the equations for gravitational field strength g  F / m 28 know, and understand how to apply, the principle of conservation of
and weight W = mg energy including use of work done, gravitational potential energy and
19 CORE PRACTICAL 1: Determine the acceleration of a freely-falling kinetic energy
object. 29 be able to use the equations relating power, time and energy
20 know and understand Newton’s third law of motion and know the transferred or work done P= E/t and P = W / t
properties of pairs of forces in an interaction between two bodies 30 be able to use the equations
21 understand that momentum is defined as p = mv useful energy output
22 know the principle of conservation of linear momentum, understand efficiency = total energy input
how to relate this to Newton’s laws of motion and understand how to and
apply this to problems in one dimension useful power output
23 be able to use the equation for the moment of a force, moment of efficiency = total power input
force = Fx where x is the perpendicular distance between the line of
action of the force and the axis of rotation
24 be able to use the concept of centre of gravity of an extended body
and apply the principle of moments to an extended body in
equilibrium
Topic 3
31 understand that electric current is the rate of flow of charged 41 be able to use I = nqvA to explain the large range of resistivities of
particles and be able to use the equation I = ΔQ / Δt different materials
32 understand how to use the equation V = W / Q 42 understand how the potential along a uniform current-carrying wire
33 understand that resistance is defined by R  V / I and that Ohm’s law varies with the distance along it
is a special case when I ∝ V for constant temperature 43 understand the principles of a potential divider circuit and
34 understand how the distribution of current in a circuit is a understand how to calculate potential differences and resistances in
consequence of charge conservation such a circuit
35 understand how the distribution of potential differences in a circuit is 44 be able to analyse potential divider circuits where one resistance is
a consequence of energy conservation variable including thermistors and Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs)
36 be able to derive the equations for combining resistances in series 45 know the definition of electromotive force (e.m.f.) and understand
and parallel using the principles of charge and energy conservation, what is meant by internal resistance and know how to distinguish
and be able to use these equations between e.m.f. and terminal potential difference
37 be able to use the equations P = VI, W = VIt and be able to derive and 46 CORE PRACTICAL 3: Determine the e.m.f. and internal resistance of an
use related equations, e.g. P = I2 R and P = V2 / R electrical cell.
38 understand how to sketch, recognise and interpret current-potential 47 understand how changes of resistance with temperature may be
difference graphs for components, including ohmic conductors, modelled in terms of lattice vibrations and number of conduction
filament bulbs, thermistors and diodes electrons and understand how to apply this model to metallic
39 be able to use the equation R = l / A conductors and negative temperature coefficient thermistors
40 CORE PRACTICAL 2: Determine the electrical resistivity of a material. 48 understand how changes of resistance with illumination may be
modelled in terms of the number of conduction electrons and
understand how to apply this model to LDRs.
Command Words 1
Add/label Requires the addition or labelling to a stimulus material given in the question, for example labelling a diagram or adding units to a table.
Assess Give careful consideration to all the factors or events that apply and identify which are the most important or relevant. Make a
judgement on the importance of something, and come to a conclusion where needed.
Calculate Obtain a numerical answer, showing relevant working. If the answer has a unit, this must be included.
Comment on Requires the synthesis of a number of variables from data/information to form a judgement.
Compare and Looking for the similarities and differences of two (or more) things. Should not require the drawing of a conclusion. Answer must relate
contrast to both (or all) things mentioned in the question. The answer must include at least one similarity and one difference.
Complete Requires the completion of a table/diagram.

Criticise Inspect a set of data, an experimental plan or a scientific statement and consider the elements. Look at the merits and/or faults of the
information presented and back judgements made.
Deduce Draw/reach conclusion(s) from the information provided.
Derive Combine two or more equations or principles to develop a new equation.
Describe To give an account of something. Statements in the response need to be developed as they are often linked but do not need to include a
justification or reason.
Determine The answer must have an element which is quantitative from the stimulus provided, or must show how the answer can be reached
quantitatively.
Devise Plan or invent a procedure from existing principles/ideas
Discuss ● Identify the issue/situation/problem/argument that is being assessed within the question.
● Explore all aspects of an issue/situation/problem/ argument.
● Investigate the issue/situation etc by reasoning or argument.
Command Words 2
Draw Produce a diagram either using a ruler or using freehand.
Evaluate Review information then bring it together to form a conclusion, drawing on evidence including strengths, weaknesses, alternative
actions, relevant data or information. Come to a supported judgement of a subject’s qualities and relation to its context.
Explain An explanation requires a justification/exemplification of a point. The answer must contain some element of reasoning/justification, this
can include mathematical explanations.
Give/state/name All of these command words are really synonyms. They generally all require recall of one or more pieces of information.
Give a When a statement has been made and the requirement is only to give the reasons why.
reason/reasons
Identify Usually requires some key information to be selected from a given stimulus/resource.
Justify Give evidence to support (either the statement given in the question or an earlier answer).
Plot Produce a graph by marking points accurately on a grid from data that is provided and then drawing a line of best fit through these
points. A suitable scale and appropriately labelled axes must be included if these are not provided in the question.
Predict Give an expected result.
Show that Prove that a numerical figure is as stated in the question. The answer must be to at least 1 more significant figure than the numerical
figure in the question.
Sketch Produce a freehand drawing. For a graph this would need a line and labelled axis with important features indicated, the axis are not
scaled.
State what is When the meaning of a term is expected but there are different ways of how these can be described.
meant by
Write When the questions ask for an equation.
Topic 1: SI Base Units
Quantity Unit Name Symbol
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Length metre m
Electric Current ampere A
Temperature kelvin K
Amount of substance mole Mol
Luminous intensity candela cd
video video video www www www photo photo photo page: 99
Topic 1: SI Derived Units
1
10
Topic 1: SI Derived Units
Derived units Symbols Name
Force mass x acceleration kg m s-2 Newton

Acceleration ∆velocity / time m s-2
velocity displacement / time m s-1
Work done force x distance kg m2 s-2 Joule
Power work done / time kg m2 s-3 Watt
Intensity power / area kg s-3
Pressure(1) force / area kg m-1 s-2 Pascal
Area distance x distance m2
Stress (1) force / area kg m-1 s-2
Strain length / length
Density mass / volume kg m-3
Momentum mass x velocity kg m s-1
Potential difference work done / charge kg m2 s-3 A-1 Volt
Charge current x time As Coulomb
Resistance potential difference / current kg m2 s-3 A-2 Ohm
Resistivity resistance x area / length kg m3 s-3 A-2
Frequency 1 / time s-1 Hertz
11
Topic 1: SI Prefixes
Name Symbol Multiple of base unit Example units
deci d 10-1 dm
centi c 10-2 cm
milli m 10-3 mm
micro μ 10-6 μm
nano n 10-9 nm
pico p 10-12 pm
kilo k 103 kg
Mega M 106 MB
Giga G 109 GB
Terra T 1012 TB
12
Topic 1: Calculating Uncertainty
Is it a single
Set Are the
measurement or a set measurements
of measurements? all the same?
Single
No
Yes
Uncertainty is the difference between
Uncertainty is half the the average reading and the biggest or
graduation of the smallest value obtained, whichever is
instrument used the greater or half the range of
readings.
Present your answer as:

Value ± Uncertainty Units Present your answer as:
Eg: 64 ± 0.5 mm. Average ± Uncertainty Units
Eg: 64 ± 3 mm
13
Topic 1: Calculating % Uncertainty
The percentage uncertainty in a measurement can be calculated using:
Results
Uncertainty of measurement with % uncertainties
Percentage uncertainty = × 100% < 5% are deemed
Measurement
repeatable
Half the range
Percentage uncertainty = × 100%
Mean
Difference between result and known value
Percentage difference = × 100%
Known value
Rules for combining percentage uncertainties

Rule 1: Multiplying a measurement by a constant does not change the percentage uncertainty
Rule 2: If you multiply, or divide, two or more measurements, you need to add their percentage uncertainties to find
the total percentage uncertainty
Rule 3: If a measurement is raised to a power, its percentage uncertainty is multiplied by that power
Rule 4: If you add or subtract two measurements, the absolute uncertainty is the sum of each contributing absolute
uncertainty.
14
Topic 1: Combining Uncertainties
Summary of the rules for finding the uncertainty of a quantity found by combining other values in a formula e.g.
Can of length L = 115 mm ± 2 mm, diameter d = 66.0 ± 0.6 mm. Find the volume of the can and the uncertainty:
1. Convert the uncertainties you have been given to percentage uncertainties (%U)
2 0.6
%𝑈 𝑖𝑛 𝐿 = × 100% = 1.7% % 𝑈 𝑖𝑛 𝑑 = × 100% = 0.9%
115 66.0
2. Find the value you have been asked to calculate, one step at a time. At each step calculate the percentage uncertainty
of each quantity you find using the rules on the previous slide
r=𝑑 ÷2 𝑟 = 66 ÷ 2 = 33𝑚𝑚 = 0.33𝑚
Using Rule 1: %U on r =0.9%
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝐴 = 𝜋 × 0.332 = 0.0034𝑚2
Using Rules 1 and 2: %U on A = %U on r + %U on r = 0.9% + 0.9% = 1.8%
𝑉 =𝐿×𝐴 𝑉 = 0.115 × 0.0034 = 3.91 × 10−4 𝑚3
Using Rule 2: %U on V = %U on L + %U on A = 1.7% + 1.8% = 3.5%
3. Convert the final percentage uncertainty back to an absolute uncertainty

3.5% of 3.91 × 10−4 𝑚3 = 1.4 × 10−5 𝑚
V = 39.1 ± 1.4 × 10−5 𝑚
15
Topic 2: Uniformly accelerated motion
v = u + at (no s) average velocity = u + v/2
s = u t + ½a t2 (no v) s = (u + v) t / 2 (no a)
v2 = u2 + 2a s (no t) a = (v - u) / t
v = final velocity
u = initial velocity
a = acceleration (due to gravity?)
t = time
s = displacement
9
16
Topic 2: Displacement vs. time graph
Speed is the gradient of a
distance vs. time graph
Velocity is the gradient of a

DISPLACEMENT /m
displacement vs. time graph
Velocity = displacement / time
v=s/t
v = velocity (ms-1)
TIME /s s = distance (m)
T = time ( s)
Velocity is speed in a stated direction
10 11
17
Topic 2: Velocity vs. time graph
Area under the acceleration vs. time graph

represents change in velocity.
Acceleration = velocity change

time taken
Acceleration is the gradient of a velocity vs. time graph
a = (v-u) / t
The area under a velocity vs. time graph is distance travelled t = time (s)
The area under an acceleration vs. time graph is maximum velocity a = acceleration (m/s2)
v-u = change in velocity (m s-1)
10 11
18
Topic 2: Scalar and vector
Scalar quantities have magnitude VECTOR quantities – having magnitude and direction:
Scalar quantities VECTOR quantities Vector notation ( ) allows the

have magnitude: have magnitude and direction: vector quantity in an equation to
be easily identified:
Distance (m) DISPLACEMENT (m)
Speed (m/s) VELOCITY (m/s) F = m a
ACCELERATION (m/s/s)
Mass (kg) FORCE (N) WEIGHT (N)
Density (kg/m3)
MOMENTUM (kg m/s) Just learn the 5 vectors
Energy (J) (everything else
will be a scalar !)
Time (s)
12
19
Topic 2: Vector components
S O H (Sin = opp/hyp) C A H (Cos = adj/hyp) T O A (Tan = opp/adj)
The vector A can be resolved into two components at right

angles to each other. If the angle to the horizontal is θ, then the
Horizontal component (Ax) is given by Ax = A cos θ and the
Vertical component (Ay) is given by Ay = A sin θ.
13
20
Topic 2: Coplanar vector resultant
You will find lots of versions of this
Tug question: Two tugs pulling a tanker, an
aircraft experiencing a cross-wind etc.
If the angles are not at right angles, you will

be expected to find the resultant by
drawing.
Tug
Wind
speed
East
North Airspeed
Though it’s not in the Learning Outcomes, the word ‘tension’ is used regularly in questions
14
21
Topic 2: Projectile
When any object is falling under
gravity, the vertical and horizontal
components are independent -
this is usually shown by
comparing a dropped canon ball
with one fired horizontally from a
gun but, as you can imagine,
there are many other examples.
The table shows

information that might be
obtained from a timelapse
video.
15
22
Topic 2: Free-body force diagram
The forces acting on a plane travelling at a constant
Newton’s Third Law velocity are in equilibrium:
Action and reaction forces are
equal in size and opposite
lift
in direction.
drag
thrust weight
It my be that lift is not vertical but at an angle. You will

When the acceleration is zero an object is either
need to calculate the vertical component before
at rest or travelling at a constant velocity.
continuing.
16 17 20
23
Topic 2: ΣF = m a
ΣF = m a is a special case of Newton’s Second Law Move masses from the mass hanger onto the truck
where the mass of the system is constant. and measure the acceleration from A to B.
Newton’s Second Law: Force is equal to the rate of Plot a graph of force vs. acceleration:
change of momentum.
17
24
Topic 2: Core practical 1
Determine the acceleration of a freely-falling object
Weight = mass x gravitational field strength
W=mg
Force = mass x acceleration
F=ma
g=F/m
The falling object will accelerate until the
weight is balanced by the air resistance.
When these forces are balanced it has
reached terminal velocity
17 18 19
25
Topic 2: Momentum & Newton’s Laws
1st Law: A body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will continue at a constant velocity unless acted
upon by an external force.
2nd Law: Force is equal to the rate of change in momentum (F = m a is a special case)
3rd Law: Action and reaction are equal and opposite
Momentum (ρ) = mass (m) x velocity (v)
Force = rate of change in momentum

F =mxv/t
F = m a (When mass of the system is constant)
For the fan and the air, the action and reaction forces are equal:
F1 = F2
m1 v 1 - m 1 u 1 = m 2 v 2 - m2 u 2 (but the t is the same)
t t
m1 v1 - m 1 u 1 = m 2 v2 - m2 u 2 (Momentum is conserved)
21 22
26
Topic 2: Moment of a force
Moment of a force = force (F) x perpendicular distance (x) between the line of action of the
force and the axis of rotation
Perpendicular distance (x)
Perpendicular distance (x)
23
27
Topic 2: Centre of gravity
The centre of gravity of an irregular object is the point where all of the weight acts
Normal
Friction
Needed ?
m g sinθ
m g cosθ mg θ
Add some balanced forces to extended body
24
28
Topic 2: Work done by a force
Work done = force x distance moved in the direction of the force.
ΔW = F Δs
The expression is also needed for when the force is not

along the direction of motion. In this case, the
work done horizontally will be:
F Δs cosθ
θ
s cosθ
25
29
Topic 2: KE and GPE
Gravitational Potential Energy: Kinetic Energy:
Δ Egrav = m g Δh EK = ½ m v2
m = mass (kg) m = mass (kg)
g = gravitational field strength (Nkg-1) v = velocity (ms-1)
Δh = change in height (m)
Demonstrates conservation of energy
26 27 28
30
Topic 2: Power
Power: is the rate of doing work: A motor will do work by lifting a mass
through a specific distance (m.g.h).
P = W / t or P = E / t Knowing how long this will take allows the
power to be calculated.
P = power (watts)
W = work done (joules)
E = energy (joules)
t = time (sec)
useful energy out

efficiency = total energy in
useful power out

efficiency = total power in See also Topic 3 Electrical Power
29 30
31
Topic 3: Current and voltage
Electric current is the rate of flow of The Volt is defined as a joule per
charge: coulomb:
I = ΔQ / Δt V=W/Q
I = current (amps, A) V = potential difference (volts, V)
Q = charge (coulombs, C) W = work done (joules, J)
t = time (seconds, s) Q = charge (coulombs, C)
31 32
32
Topic 3: Ohm’s Law
R=V/I
Ohm’s Law is a special case where V I
(Provided the temperature is constant)
It is usually easier to read a
R = resistance (ohms, Ω) digital meter to a higher level of
V = potential difference (volt, V) precision and without parallax.
I = current (amp, A)
ICT / dataloggers allow readings
of the same precision but many
more of them.
33
33
Topic 3: Resistors in series and parallel
The current is the same everywhere in
a series circuit:
In a parallel circuit, the potential

difference across all the resistors is
the same but the current is split in the
ratio of the resistance.
Kirchoff’s rules:
Junction Rule Loop Rule

(Charge conservation) (Energy conservation)
At each junction, charge The net charge, or

is conserved, so the potential difference,
charge entering the for any closed path
junction equals the around a circuit will
charge leaving. be zero.
34 35 36
34
Topic 3: Current vs potential difference graphs
Fixed resistor Diode Filament lamp
It is a straight line graph. Once a threshold voltage is As V goes up, I goes up but it is
I and V are directly reached, as V goes up, I goes up not directly proportional. The line
proportional. in proportion. curves because the resistance is
Current only flows in one increasing with increasing heat.
direction.
38
35
Topic 3: Electrical power
Electrical power: Also:
P=IV V=IR
I=V/R
P = electrical power (watts, W)
I = current (amps, A) Therefore, substituting, electric power
V = potential difference (volts, V) can also be found from:
R = resistance (ohms, Ω)
P = I2 R
Energy = power x time: P = V2 / R
W=Pt
If you know the electrical energy put into a motor (I
W=IVt V t) and the potential energy gained (m g h), then it
W = Electrical work done (joules, J) is possible
to calculate the efficiency:
May also be a link to outcome 30 - Efficiency
37
36
Determine the electrical resistivity of a material
R=ρl/A
R = resistance (ohms, Ω)
ρ = resistivity (ohm metre, Ω m)
l = length (metre, m)
A = area (meter2, m2)
ρ=RA/l
ρ is constant for a particular material
Experiment with a tank of salt water, plate (Al foil) at each end and piece of metal moving back
and forth along the tank
39 40
37
Topic 3: Potential divider
The potential difference is the drop in voltage A rheostat and
from one side of a component to the other. potentiometer can
Think of it as a waterfall; water finally has to be used as potential
drop to river level but it can do so in a number dividers.
of steps:
If you know the current in the circuit and Vtot,

A then you can find V1, V2 etc. using V = I R
R1 V1 For the same value of Vtot, if the value of R1 is

increased, the proportion of the potential
‘dropped’ across V1 will also increase – the V1
Vtot reading will go up.
R2 V2 Replacing fixed resistors such as R1 with

thermistors or Light Dependent
Resistors will change the values for R1
and hence R2, V1 and V2. with changing
temperature or light intensity.
43 44
38
Topic 3: Current carrying wires
A B
Assuming that the wire is of uniform resistance, as the voltmeter moves further from A towards B, the potential
drop that is measured increases.
The amount of current flowing is defined by the

density of charge carriers in the conductor, and this
I=nqvA
will change from material to material, the charge
each one carries and their mean drift velocity:
41
39
Determine the e.m.f. and internal resistance of an electrical cell.
EMF (Electro Motive Force) of a power supply is the energy
given to each coulomb of charge passing through it. In other
words: Joules / Coulomb (Definition of the Volt)
Some of the energy given to these charges is lost in the Internal

resistance of the power supply itself. The terminal potential,
what’s left, is only equal to the EMF when the current is zero.
A car battery will have a very low

EMF internal resistance whilst an EHT
Terminal supply will have a very high one
R
potential r
The terminal potential is less than the EMF, unless no current

flows, and the current supplied is the EMF / total resistance (R+r)
45 46
40
Topic 3: Resistance and temperature
Metal lattice Electrons (negative charges) collide with the
(positive) ions in the metal lattice. Electrical Energy
(Kinetic Energy) is transferred to Thermal (Heat)
Energy.
Electrons Increasing the P.D. or increasing the temperature

(negative charges) causes more energy transfer, to the ions in the
Metal ions /
lattice. More collisions occur reducing drift velocity
atoms
BUT, for a semiconductor, more charge carriers (n)
are released.
ntc
Increasing the number of charge carriers reduces the resistance

and, as temperature increases, the increased lattice vibrations
cause an ntc (negative temperature coefficient) thermistor to do resistance
just this. The opposite of a filament lamp (see shape to right). = gradient
38 47
41
Topic 3: Resistance and light
LDR Light Dependent Resistor As seen with an ntc thermistor. In an LDR, as the light
intensity increases, the resistance decreases.
The current increases (for the same potential) as light

releases increasing numbers of charge carriers in the
(semiconductor lattice) material.
Thermistor
light level (lux)
47 48
42
Mechanics:
Kinematics equations of motion: Work, energy and power
∆W = F ∆s ∆ = change in
(u + v) t s = distance
W = work done
s= 2 u = initial velocity
s = displacement
v = final velocity
v = u + at t = time EK = ½ m v 2 EK = Kinetic Energy
a = acceleration
s = u t + ½ a t2 ∆Egrav = m g ∆h ∆Egrav = Gravitational Potential
Energy
v2 = u 2 + 2 a s
∆h = change in height
Forces:
P=E/t P = power
ΣF = m a ΣF = resultant (sum of) force E = energy (Joules)
m = mass
a = acceleration P=W/t W = work done (Joules)
g=F/m g = gravitational field strength useful energy out
efficiency = total energy in
W=mg W = weight
useful power out
Momentum:
efficiency = total power in
ρ=mv ρ = momentum
m = mass
v = velocity
Electric circuits:
Potential difference: Resistivity:

V=W/Q V = potential difference R=ρ l/A ρ - resistivity
W = work done (Joules) l = length
Q = charge (Coulombs) A = cross-sectional area
Resistance: Current:
R=V/I R = resistance I = ∆Q / ∆t I = current
∆Q = initial velocity
Electrical power and energy: ∆t = time
P=VI P = power I=nqvA n = density of charge carriers
P = I2 R (from V = I R) q = charge on carrier
P = V2 / R (from I = V / R) v = mean drift velocity
W=VIt W = Work done (energy)
The value of the following constants will be provided in each examination paper:
Acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 ms-2 (close to Earth’s surface)

Electron charge e = -1.60 x 10-19 C
Electron mass me = 9.11 x 10-31 kg
Electronvolt 1 eV = 1.60 x 10-19 J
Gravitational field strength g = 9.81 N kg-1 (close to Earth’s surface)
Planck constant h = 6.63 x 10-34 J s
Speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 x 108 m s-1
Topic 2: GCE Question finder
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Topic 2: iGCE Question finder
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2016 Jan WPH01 18 16 2014 Jan WPH01 17 17 2015 May 6PH01 14 19
2015 May 6PH01 18 16 2010 May 6PH01 20b 17 2009 May 6PH01 11 19
2015 May 6PH02 17 16 2009 May 6PH01 14 17 2016 Jun WPH01 8 19
2014 Jan WPH01 14 16 2016 Jun WPH01 5 17
2013 May 6PH01R 13 16
2013 May 6PH01 18 16 2014 May 6PH01 14 20
a/b 2016 Jan WPH01 19 18 2014 Jan WPH01 11 20
2013 May 6PH01R 17a 16 2015 May WPH01 12 18 2011 Jan 6PH01 14b 20
2010 May 6PH01 16 16 2015 May 6PH02 15 18 2016 Jun WPH01 16 20
2016 Jun WPH01 9 16 2012 Jan 6PH01 17 18
2010 Jan 6PH01 16 18
46
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2015 May WPH01 15 21 2015 May WPH01 11 22
2015 May 6PH01 15 21 2014 May 6PH01 18 22
2013 May 6PH01R 18B 21 2013 May 6PH01R 16 22
2013 May 6PH01 17 21 2013 May 6PH01 14 22 2014 May 6PH02 16 23
2012 Jan 6PH01 16 21 2012 May 6PH01 16 22 2014 Jan WPH01 15 23
b/c 2011 Jan 6PH01 17a 22 2014 Jan WPH02 18 23
2011 Jan 6PH01 16 21 2010 May 6PH01 13 22 2009 May 6PH01 15a 23
2010 May 6PH01 17 21 2010 Jan 6PH01 15 22 2016 Jun WPH01 15 23
2009 May 6PH01 19 21 2010 Jan 6PH01 18 22 2016 Jun WPH01 10 24
a/bii
2009 May 6PH01 18 22
2009 Jan 6PH01 16 21
2009 Jan 6PH01 17 22
2016 Jun WPH01 6 21
47
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2016 Jan WPH01 12 26 2015 May 6PH01 17 27
2015 May WPH01 19 26 2014 May 6PH01 15 27
2014 Jun WPH03 7 26 2014 May 6PH02 14 27 2015 May WPH01 18 29
2012 Jan 6PH01 14 26 2013 May 6PH01R 14 27 2013 May 6PH01 12 29
2013 May 6PH01R 18c 27
2012 May 6PH01 12 27
2011 Jan 6PH01 11 27
2010 May 6PH01 20a 27 2015 May WPH01 16 30
2009 May 6PH01 15b 27 2012 Jan 6PH01 15 30
2009 Jan 6PH01 11 27 2012 Jan 6PH01 18 30
2009 Jan 6PH01 14 27
48
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2016 Jan WPH01 11 31 2015 May 6PH01 13 32
2015 May 6PH01 12 31 2014 Jan WPH03 7 32
2014 May 6PH01 16 31 2013 May 6PH01 16 32
2011 Jan 6PH01 14a 31 2012 May 6PH01 13 32
2011 Jan 6PH01 17b 31 2010 Jan 6PH01 14 32
2010 May 6PH01 18 31 2009 May 6PH01 16 32
2010 Jan 6PH01 4 31 2016 Jun WPH01 2 32
2016 Jun WPH01 7 31
49
Topic 3: GCE Question finder
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50
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2013 Jun 6PH02R 14 2009 May 6PH02 11 34 2016 Jan WPH03 07
2009 May 6PH02 12 33 2009 May 6PH02 15 34 2014 Jun 6PH02 16 37
2009 Jan 6PH02 11 33 2014 Jun WPH02 15 37
2009 Jan 6PH02 13 33 2016 Jan WPH02 16 2014 Jan WPH02 18 37
2013 May 6PH02 18 35 2011 Jan 6PH02 15 37
2014 Jun 6PH02 12 2010 Jan 6PH02 13 35 2010 Jun 6PH02 15 37
2014 Jan WPH02 11 34 2009 May 6PH02 16 35 2010 Jan 6PH02 20 37
2014 Jan WPH03 06 34 2009 Jan 6PH02 16 35 2009 Jan 6PH02 19b 37
2012 May 6PH07 07 34
2012 Jan 6PH02 14 34 2014 Jun 6PH02 13
2010 Jan 6PH02 11 34 2014 Jun 6PH02R 16 36
51
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2016 Jan WPH02 16 2010 Jan 6PH07 05 38 2015 Jun WPH02 11
2015 Jun 6PH02 14 38 2009 May 6PH02 21 38 2015 Jun 6PH02 13 41
2015 Jun WPH02 20 38 2009 May 6PH07 05 38 2014 Jan WPH02 15 41
2014 Jun 6PH02 18 38 2010 Jan 6PH02 17 41
2013 Jun 6PH02R 16 38 2015 Jun WPH02 18 2009 Jan 6PH02 15 41
2012 May 6PH02 13 38 2014 Jun WPH02 18 40
2012 Jan 6PH02 16 38 2012 May 6PH02 11 40 2016 Jan WPH02 16
2011 Jan 6PH02 14 38 2013 May 6PH02 17 42
2010 Jun 6PH02 12 38 2013 Jun 6PH02R 12 42
2010 Jun 6PH02 18 38
2010 May 6PH07 06 38
52
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2015 Jun 6PH02 15
2015 Jun WPH03 06 43
2012 Jan 6PH07 06 43
2012 Jan 6PH02 17

2010 Jun 6PH02 13 44
2010 Jan 6PH02 15 44
2009 Jan 6PH02 22
53

2015 Physics As Revision Cards Paper 1 As NEW

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2015 Physics As Revision Cards Paper 1 As NEW

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REVISION CARDS

Physics AS/A2 Topics 1,2,3

Complete Requires the completion of a table/diagram.

Force mass x acceleration kg m s-2 Newton

Present your answer as:

Rules for combining percentage uncertainties

3. Convert the final percentage uncertainty back to an absolute uncertainty

Velocity is the gradient of a

displacement vs. time graph

Velocity = displacement / time

Area under the acceleration vs. time graph

Acceleration = velocity change

Scalar quantities VECTOR quantities Vector notation ( ) allows the

The vector A can be resolved into two components at right

If the angles are not at right angles, you will

The table shows

It my be that lift is not vertical but at an angle. You will

Weight = mass x gravitational field strength

Force = rate of change in momentum

F = m a (When mass of the system is constant)

Perpendicular distance (x)

Perpendicular distance (x)

The expression is also needed for when the force is not

Demonstrates conservation of energy

useful energy out

useful power out

In a parallel circuit, the potential

Junction Rule Loop Rule

At each junction, charge The net charge, or

May also be a link to outcome 30 - Efficiency

ρ is constant for a particular material

If you know the current in the circuit and Vtot,

R1 V1 For the same value of Vtot, if the value of R1 is

R2 V2 Replacing fixed resistors such as R1 with

The amount of current flowing is defined by the

Some of the energy given to these charges is lost in the Internal

A car battery will have a very low

The terminal potential is less than the EMF, unless no current

Electrons Increasing the P.D. or increasing the temperature

Increasing the number of charge carriers reduces the resistance

The current increases (for the same potential) as light

Potential difference: Resistivity:

Acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 ms-2 (close to Earth’s surface)

2016 Jun 8PH01 10 23 2016 Jun 8PH01 12 40

2016 Jun 8PH01 11 25 2016 Jun 8PH01 04 42

2016 Jun 8PH01 02 27

2012 Jan 6PH02 17

2009 Jan 6PH02 22

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