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I am an MBA student, I am from the city of Piura, I SPORTS PAST FORMS OF MODALS

am 30 years old, I am a business administrator


Build up your strength (desarrolla tu USE:
"The mind that opens a new idea will never have fuerza) The Modals COULD, MAY, and MIGHT
are used with HAVE and the Past
an original size," said Albert Einstein. Traveling is condition (condición)
always a way to open your mind, get to know Participle [V3] of verbs to speculate or
exhausted (exhausto) form opinions about possible events in
other cultures and take advantage of other finals (finales) the past. MUST HAVE is used in the
opportunities. If you have the possibility, leave give in (ceder) same way to express logical deductions
your country, go abroad to study and let yourself about the past. SHOULD HAVE is used
handle an upset (manejar un
be carried away by the adventure. to talk about expectations, suppositions,
transtorno)
in shape (en forma) and obligation in the past.
1. Learn new languages more easily. If you travel
make a name for yourself (hacerse de
abroad to study and the results are in another EXAMPLES:
language, you will be asked to learn and apply the un nombre) "I'm worried. Jack should have been on
new language. Learning the language is easier, team spirit (espíritu de equipo) that train, but he wasn't."
faster and more natural when used every day with weight lifting (levantamiendo de pesas) "I'm sure it's OK; he must have taken a
native characters. well-equipped (bien equipado) later train."
"I don't know. He may have decided to
come by car. He might have had an
2. International Friendships When you travel to
LABOUR RELATIONS accident; you know how badly he
another country as a foreign student, you will
drives."
meet many people who are in your same PAST CONDITIONALS
go on strike (ir a huelga)
situation. Share new experiences with friends
handle the situation (manejar la
USE:
situación)
3. Travel economically. Knowing Europe or South Past Conditionals are used to describe
America on your own costs a lot. However, if you incentive (incentivo) conditions that will never be fulfilled
do it within the framework of your academic make a living (tener un avida) because the time in which they would
training, you have the possibility of traveling and make cuts (hacer un recorte) have occurred has ended.
knowing different places more economically. productive (productivo)
proposal (propuesta) FORM:
The condition clause begins with IF/IF...
4. Know other cultures. Know the culture of a quit (dejar)
NOT (or sometimes UNLESS). The verb
place in the sense of the customs and thoughts of under the circumstances (bajo las in the condition clause is either Past
that population. Therefore, if you decide to study circunstancias) Perfect or Past Perfect Progressive:
several months abroad, have the opportunity to wage increase (aumento salarial= [IF + SUBJECT + HAD (NOT) + PAST
live firsthand. walk out (Salir) PARTICIPLE [V3]+ (VERB + ING)...]

5. New perspective of your own country. When The verb in the result (main) clause is in
interacting with foreigners to know what they HEALTH the Past Conditional:
think about their people. In this way, even without [SUBJECT + WOULD/COULD/MIGHT +
other perspectives of their own country. eat sensibly (come con sensatez) (NOT) HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE [V3]+
heart attack (ataque al corazón) (VERB + ING)...]
MIXED TIME CONDITIONALS
6. Break with the routine. If you are one of those heart condition (problemas cardiacos)
people who are always busy between classes, limit (limite) USE:
work groups and other projects, it is likely that the nutritious (nutritivo) Mixed Time Conditionals are used to talk
things they do will cause them to fall apart if they overweight (exceso de peso) about the present results of past
leave. That is not true, in addition, sometimes it is conditions.
palpitations (palpitaciones)
necessary to take a semester free of obligations
small quantities (pequeñas cantidades)
and enjoy new experiences. FORM:
sweat (sudor)
The condition clause begins with IF/IF...
weigh yourself (pesarse) NOT (or sometimes UNLESS). The verb
7. Have the possibility to learn from yourself.
whole-grain (grano integral) in the condition clause is either Past
When you are in a different world from yours,
reconsider your values, beliefs and points of view. Perfect or Past Perfect Progressive.
[IF + SUBJECT + HAD (NOT) + PAST
RESTAURANTS PARTICIPLE [V3] + (VERB + ING)...]
8. Explore in your identity. Spend time reading
more, explore your identity and the habits of your
buffet (buffet) The result (main) clause contains a
family and friends. Let yourself be carried away by Modal (i.e. WOULD, MIGHT, COULD) and
the trip and discover things about yourself that chain of restaurants (cadena de
the base form of a verb, or the
you know yourself. restaurantes)
progressive form of the verb.
compliment (cumplido) [SUBJECT + WOULDCOULDMIGHT +
9. Expand your curriculum vitae. Although the make a reservation (hacer una (NOT) HAVE + BASE FORM (VERB +
number of students that form abroad is reservación) ING)...]
increasing, there are still very few who are rare (raro)
encouraged. Make a difference, have an silverware (cubiertos) We can begin a sentence with either a
condition or a result clause.
experience of this type, it is an advantage in your skip a meal (saltarse una comida)
Curriculum Vitae and it can be more than one MIGHT/MAY HAVE
starving (muriendo de hambre)
hour of job search. tablecloth (manteles) USE:
take care of the check (cuidar el We use MIGHT/MAY HAVE to speculate
10. Improve your studies. Studying abroad can or form opinions about possible events
cheque)
help you to have an international perspective of in the past. MAY suggests a stronger
well done (bien hecho)
what you study and to have a more informed probability than MIGHT.
concept about your career.
FORM:
MEETING PEOPLE
FAMILY RELATIONS AFFIRMATIVE and NEGATIVE

catch up on (ponerse al dia en) [SUBJECT + MAY/MIGHT (+ NOT) +


ate (comi)
die of embarrassment (morir de HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE [V3]..]
blind date (cita a ciegas)
vergüenza)
easygoing (de trato fácil) EXAMPLES:
feel bad (sentirse mal)
embrace (abrazo) "She might have been the thief, but I
give up hope (perder la esperanza)
flirt (gilear= don't think she was."
like a nightmare (como una pesadilla)
get divorced (divorciarse) "I may have met him before, or I may
long-lost (larga perdida) have seen his photograph; I really can't
get engaged (comprometerse)
look a mess (mira un desorden) remember."
get used to (acostumbrarse)
look familiar (luce familiar) "They might not have gone without us."
in love with (enamorado de)
separation (separación)
sense of humor (sentido del humor)
take it easy (tómalo con calma)
spending time (pasando el tiempo)
trust (confiar)
tease (burlarse) MUST HAVE
USE:
We use MUST HAVE to express
deductions about past actions or events, FORM:
when the speaker uses logic to decide
what happened. [(Wh-Word) + COULD + SUBJECT +
HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE [V3]]
FORM:
AFFIRMATIVE and NEGATIVE EXAMPLES:
"Couldn't he have arrived earlier?"
[SUBJECT + MUST (NOT) + HAVE + "What could we have done to prevent
PAST PARTICIPLE [V3]] the disaster?"
"How could she have known the way?"
EXAMPLES:
"The roads are all wet this morning;
it must have rained last night."
"The office is empty; everybody must
have gone home."
"The papers are still here; he must not
have finished the report."
Since MUST HAVE expresses a logical
deduction, it is almost never used in
questions.
SHOULD HAVE
USE:
We use SHOULD HAVE to talk about an
expectation, supposition or unfulfilled
obligation in the past. This may be
something which was not done,
although it was necessary, or something
which was done but was either wrong or
regretted.

FORM:
AFFIRMATIVE and NEGATIVE

[SUBJECT + SHOULD (+ NOT) + HAVE


+ PAST PARTICIPLE [V3]]

EXAMPLES:
"Our exam results should have
arrived by now. Let's check the
mailbox."
"I should have thanked Mary for her
help, but I completely forgot."
"We shouldn't have invited James to the
party; he behaved very badly."

QUESTIONS
FORM:
[(Wh-Word) + SHOULD(N'T) + SUBJECT
+ HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE [V3]]

EXAMPLES:
"Shouldn't the bride have arrived by
now? It's very late."
"Should we have waited for the next
train?"
"What should I have done when the fire
started?"
"Why shouldn't I have read that letter?"

NOTE: All the above questions imply


that the opposite actually happened: the
package hasn't arrived yet, we didn't
wait for the next train, I did nothing (or
I did the wrong thing) when the fire
started, and I read the letter.

COULD HAVE
USE:
We use COULD HAVE to talk about an
action or event which was possible, but
did not happen, or (negative form)
which was impossible, in the past. We
often use COULD HAVE in the result
clause of Unreal Past Conditionals.

FORM:
AFFIRMATIVE and NEGATIVE

[SUBJECT + COULD (+NOT) + HAVE +


PAST PARTICIPLE [V3]..]

EXAMPLES:
"I could have done well on the test, but
I was too lazy to study."
"That couldn't have been Sarah you saw
at the party. She's out of town."
"If I'd known your address, I could have
written to you."

QUESTIONS

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