Borderless

A Reading comprenhension guide

Conjunction verb Article Adverb Preposition Noun

Since English is one of the most spoken languages around the world,
professionals should study its basis to succeed in their professional area.

Verb Verb Preposition Pronun Noun

Exercise: Identify the parts of the speech (noun, pronoun, verb, adjective,
adverb, article, preposition, conjunction) for each of the sentences below.
1.- Buenos Aires has the largest opera house in the world.
2.- Even the newest libraries contain the wisdom of civilization.
3.- Transistors have widely revolutionized the television industry.
4.- Air conditioning cleans and cools buildings.
5.- wars have produce dead and destruction.
Noun – Verb – Article – Adjective – Preposition – Adverb - Conjuntion
Exercise: identify the parts of the speech. Write the word that fits wich the
part of the speech in the bracket.

1.- Around (preposition) He walked around the corner.

2.- She (pronoun) Paul hopes that she will sing with
the choir.
3.- Him (pronoun) Can jerry help him with the science
project?

4.- Eraser (noun) Have you seen the eraser?

5.- Lock (noun) The lock was stuck.

6.- Margarine (noun) She purchased the margarine with him.

7.- Older (adjective) Older people tire more easily.

8.- Agile (adjective) He is agile.

9.- Kind (adjective) kind people are often rewarded.

10.- Fast (adverb) the police officer ran fast.

Exercise: identify if the word in capital in a noun, a verb or an adjective.

Example:
 They made a detailed biological ANALYSIS.
 We should ANALYZE the situation.
 She has a very ANALYTICAL point of view.

In the following sentences choose the correct label (verb, noun, adj or adv) for
the word in CAPITALS.

1.- I WENT to the movies last night. Verb

2.- Many of the young children were really SCARED. Adjective
3.- I waited for nearly two hours at the bus STOP. Noun
4.- Many stores are CLOSED in the afternoon. Adjective
5.- We gained INDEPENDENCE from spain in 1830. Noun
6.- The company EMPLOYS around 300 people. Verb
7.- Many people have private HEALTH insurance. Noun
8.- I STUDY english every day. Verb
9.- It`s IMPORTANT that parents talk to their children. Adjective
10.- This is the HIGHEST building of the city. Adjective
11.- the new government promised tax CUTS. Noun
12.- Is there a gas station CLOSE to where she lives? Adjective
 Borderless
A Reading comprenhension guide

Learning some English Mechanics

Sentences!

A sentence is a group of words that express a complete idea.

Every sentence includes at least one subject and a verb. There
are four (4) basic types of sentences:

Example Explanation

STATEMENT - People of all ages enjoy A statement gives explanation

swimming. or opinion.
- I never saw him before.
QUESTION - What is your favorite sport? A question asks for
- Have you studied the lesson information
for today?
EXCLAMATION - What a nice jacket you have An exclamation expresses
today! surprise, pleasure or other
- What a pretty day is today! type of emotions
COMMAND - (you) stop eating in class! A command tells what todo.
- (you) don`t smoke here, The subject you is
please. understood.
A.- Exercise: unscramble the following words to make sentences. Then write
the type ok sentences they are.
Example: lives in he Korea = HE LIVES IN KOREA
STATEMENT

1.- my computer is my desk on My computer is on my desk Statement

2.- fishing allowed No is here No fishing is allowed here Command

3.- books table on are the the The books are on the table Statement

4.- tigers in Africa live don`t Tigers don’t live in Africa Statement

5.- you home at are? Are you at home? Question

 6.- cat the in front is of fire the The cat is in front of the fire Statement

7.- cookies are the plate on the The cookies are on the plate Statement

8.- sunny what day is a today ! What a sunny day is today! Exclamation

9.- next it is to the post office ? Is it next to the post office? Question

10.- smoke don`t here ! Don’t smoke here! Command

B.- Write one sentence per type.

1.- The pen is in the purse 3.- What a cool day is today!

2.- Where is the pencil? 4.- Don’t close the door!

Using Pronouns and synonyms!

Pronouns can be used to omit repetition of words or phrases, and sometimes they are used as
synonym(another Word that means the same thing). They are small words which are very important when
you read. These small words tie ideas to each other in a passage.

Some pronouns:

HE HIM HIS WE US OUR

SHE HER HERS THEY THEM THEIR

I ME MY MINE YOU YOUR YOURS

THIS THAT THESE THOSE IT ITS

Example:
Sharon yee lives un Taiwan. She has an apartment near the National museum. She likes
to walk to the museum. Sometimes two or three friends go with her. At the museum, she
learns about her country`s past.
All the underlined pronouns take the place of the noun Sharon yee. The noun Sharon yee
is called the referent, because the pronouns refer to it.
A.- Read these sentences. Circle the referent and underlined the pronoun.
Example:
Running is not a new sport. People were doing it hundreds of years ago.

1.- Soccer players know that a goo diet is important. They aet healthy foods and avoid junk
food.
2.- Many Africans are good runners. They often win marathons and races in the Olympics.
3.- Figure skating is a special kind of ice skating. It is a very popular sport in many
countries.

B.- Read the following passage and fill in the chart writing the pronouns and their
referents.

Today, bicycles are elegantly simple machines that are common

around the world. Many people ride bicycles for recreation, whereas
others use them as a means of transportation. The first bicycle, called
a draisienne, was invented in Germany in 1818 by Baron Karl de Drais
de Sauerbrun. Because it was made of wood, the draisienne wasn`t
very durable nor did it have pedals. Riders mover it by pushing their
feet against the ground.

PRONOUN LINE NUMBER REFERENT

That 1 Bicycles
Them 3 Bicycles
It 5 Draisienne
It 6 Draisienne
Their 6 Draisienne
C.- Read the following passage and fill in the chart writing the pronouns and
their referents.

The Boston Marathon

Every year, in the middle of April, thousands of people go to Boston. They
go to run in the Boston Marathon. This is one of the oldest road races in the
United States. It began in 1897. Each year, more runners join the Boston
4 Marathon. They come fron every part of the world. In the 2003 marathon,
there were 20.223 runners from almost every country in the world. About
17.500 of them finished it. The Boston race is 26.2 miles, or 42 kilometers. It
starts in Hpkinton, Massachusetts, and ends in the center of Boston. The
8 runners go through 13 more towns during the race. Growds of people watch
them as they go through the towns. They cheer for them and often offer
them water.

PRONOUN LINE NUMBER REFERENT

They 1 Thousands of people

This 2 Marathon

It 3 Marathon

They 4 Runners

Them 6 Runners

It 6 Marathon

It 6 The Boston race

Them 9 The runners

They 9 The runners

They 9 The runners

Them 9 The runners

Them 10 The runners

D.- Read the following passage and fill in the chart writing the pronouns and
their referents.

In 1969 word began on the construction of vas dam across the Zambesi River,
near the border with Zambia. When complete, the Caborra Bassa dam ( named
3 after the rapids at which it is sited) will irrigate 1.6 million hectares of land and
produce 220 mW of electric power. But since then, and particularly since its
independence, Mozambique has become increasingly worried about the cost of
6 completing and operating the project. Quite apart from the Mozambican`s natural
unease at the cost, fierce controversy has surrounded the project from the earliest
planning stages. At the heart of the controversy lies the question of who this
9 investment of hundreds of millions of dollars was designed to benefit. They
themselves will not be directly affected, at least for many years, since it will not
materially change their life-style to any appreciable extent.

PRONPOUN LINE NUMBER REFERENT

it 3 la presa de Caborra
Bassa
its 4 Mozambique

this 8 El Proyecto de la
presa
They 9 Habitantes de
Mozambique
it 10 Estilo de vida de los
habitantes
their 11 Estilo de vida de los
habitantes