bt31R0719 p1 19 11 09rahul

Code No: V3111/R07 Set No.
1
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
ELECTRICAL MACHINES-III
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain clearly, the fractional slot winding with all related calculations.
(b) A part of an alternator winding consist of six coils in series, each coil having
an EMF of 10 V RMS induced in it. The coils are placed in successive slots
and between each slot and the next; there is an electrical phase displacement
of 30o . Find the EMF of the six coils in series. [8+8]
2. (a) What are harmonics? Explain how harmonics are present in generated e.m.f
of alternator? What are the effects of hormonics an generated emf?
(b) A star connected 3-Φ alternator has an induced EMF of 400 V between the
lines. Due to presence of third harmonic component, the phase voltage is 244
V. Find the value of
i. Find the value of third harmonic voltage. [10+6]
3. (a) Explain the ‘Zero power factor’ method of finding voltage regulation of an
alternator.
(b) The no load excitation of an alternator required to give rated voltage is 1
pu. In a short circuit test with full current flowing in the armature, the field
excitation was 0.75 pu. Determine the approximate excitation that will be
required to give full load current at 0.866 PF lagging at the rated terminal
voltage. [8+8]
4. A 4 kVA, 3-Φ, 110 V, 50 Hz, star connected alternator has ×d = 3 Ω & xq = 2 Ω.

The machine is delivering full load current at 0.8 pf lagging at rated voltage. Find
the induced EMF, load angle, maximum power delivered. [16]
5. (a) A 3-Φ, star connected, 440 V, synchronous motor takes a power input of 5472
W at rated voltage. Its synchronous reactance is 10 Ω/ph and resistance is
negligible. If its excitation voltage is adjusted equal to rated voltage of 400
V, compute the load angle, power factor and armature current.
(b) Derive an expression for the synchronizing power developed by a synchronous
motor. [8+8]
6. (a) Explain the importance of ‘power circles’ in determining the characteristics

of a synchronous machine.
(b) Explain the phenomenon of Hunting in synchronous machine? [8+8]
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Code No: V3111/R07 Set No. 1
7. The following test results were obtained in case of a 220 V single phase induction
motor:
Free running test: 220V, 5.8 A, 310 W
Blocked rotor test: 120 V, 13.8 A, 530 W
Stator winding resistance = 1.4 Ω
Determine the approximate equivalent circuit of motor. [16]
8. (a) Explain the torque-speed characteristics of reluctance motor.

(b) Explain the dynamic characteristic of stepper motor. [8+8]
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1. (a) Explain clearly, the fractional slot winding with all related calculations.
(b) A part of an alternator winding consist of six coils in series, each coil having
an EMF of 10 V RMS induced in it. The coils are placed in successive slots
and between each slot and the next; there is an electrical phase displacement
of 30o . Find the EMF of the six coils in series. [8+8]
2. (a) Explain the factors affecting synchronous reactance of alternator.

(b) The SC, OC & DC test data for a star connected 25 kVA, 240 V, 60 Hz,
alternator are (between two terminals):
VOC = 240 V, ISC = 60.2 A - - - - For same field current
VDC = 120.6 V, IDC = 50.4 A
Determine: Synchronous reactance. [8+8]
3. A 3-Φ, 1200 kVA, 2.2 kV, 50 Hz star connected alternator having an effective per
phase resistance of 0.22 Ω gave the following results: [16]
Field Current (A) 8 10 15 20 25 30 40 50

OC Voltage VL 700 850 1250 1700 1950 2200 2430 2700
SC Current (A) - - 180 240 320 - - -
Find the voltage regulation by MMF method at
(a) 0.8 pf lagging

(b) 0.8 pf leading.
4. A 200 MVA, 11 kV, 3-Φ, star connected alternator is operated at rated speed and
voltage and at no load. A sudden 3-Φ short circuit occurs at its terminals. The pu
reactances are ×d = 1.3, ×0d = 0.25 ×00d = 0.15 (pu). The initial DC component is
60 % of the initial AC component of current. (Take Td ’ = 1 Sec & Td ” = 0.05 Sec)
Find:
(a) AC component of current at the instant of short circuit.

(b) Total current at the instant of short circuit.
(c) AC component of current after 1 cycle
(d) AC component of current after 2 sec. [16]
Td ’ = 1 Sec & Td ” = 0.05 Sec.
5. (a) Explain the ‘V-curves’ & ‘inverted V curves’ of synchronous motor.
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(b) A 75 kW, 400 V, 4 pole, star connected synchronous motor has an effective
per phase armature resistance & reactance of 0.04 Ω & 0.4 Ω respectively.
Compute the open circuit voltage/ph and mechanical power developed for full
load at 0.8 pf leading. Assume an efficiency of 92.5 %. [6+10]
6. (a) Explain the procedure to plot ‘V curves’ & ‘inverted V’ curves for a given
synchronous machine with help of its circles diagrams.
(b) A 2 pole, 50 Hz, 3-Φ turbo alternator is excited to generate a bus-bar voltage of
11 kV on no load. The machine is star connected and the short circuit current
for this excitation is 1000 A. Calculate the synchronizing power per degree
of mechanical displacement of the rotor and the corresponding synchronizing
torque. [8+8]
7. The constants of a quarter HP, 230 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole single phase IM are as follows:
Stator resistance = 10.0 Ω ; Stator reactance = 12.8 Ω, Magnetising reactance =
258 Ω,
Rotor resistance referred to stator =11.65 Ω, Rotor reactance referred to stator
=12.8 Ω
The total load is such that the machine runs at 3% slip, when the voltage is at 210
V. The iron losses are 35.5 W at 210 V. If mechanical losses are 7 W; Calculate:
(a) Input current

(b) Power developed
(c) Shaft power
(d) Efficiency. [4×4=16]
8. (a) Compare AC series motor & DC series motor. What are the operational
difficulties of each?
(b) Explain the variable reluctance motor principle. [8+8]
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1. (a) What are the various terms related with windings? Explain each of them with
their importance.
(b) A star connected 3-Φ, 6 pole synchronous generator has a stator with 90 slots
& 8 conductors per slot. The rotor revolves at 1000 rpm. The flux per pole
is 40 mWb. Calculate the EMF generated, if all the conductors in each phase
are in series. Assume sinusoidal flux distribution & full pitched coil. [8+8]
2. (a) A 16 pole, 3-Φ star connected alternator has 144 slots. The coils are short
pitched by one slot. The flux per pole is Φ = 100 sin θ + 30 sin 3θ + 20 sin
5θ. Find the harmonics as percentage of phase voltage & line voltage.
(b) Define
i. synchronous reactance
ii. Synchronous impedance and
iii. leakage reactance in an alternator. [10+6]
3. A 3- Φ, 440 V, 50 Hz, delta connected alternator has direct axis & quadrature axis
reactance of 0.12 Ω and 0.09 Ω respectively. If the alternator supplies 900 A at 0.8
pf lagging, calculate the following: [8+8]
(a) the excitation EMF, neglecting saliency (Xd = Xq )

(b) the excitation EMF, taking into account the saliency.
Neglect armature resistance.
4. (a) Explain the ‘two bright one dark’ & ‘all dark’ method of synchronization of
alternators.
(b) The EMFs of two alternators are 30006 200 & 29006 00 V. Their synchronous
impedances are 2 + j20 Ω/ph & 2.5 + j30 Ω/ph. The load impedance is 10 +
j4 Ω/ph. Find the circulating current. [8+8]
5. (a) An industrial load of 800 kW is supplied at 11 kV, the power factor being
0.71 lagging. A synchronous motor of 400 kVA is installed for an additional
load and improve power factor. The synchronous motor load is 160 kW at
efficiency of 90 %. For synchronous motor operation at rated kVA, calculate
total kVA & resultant power factor.
(b) Obtain the condition for the maximum power developed by a synchronous
motor. [8+8]
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6. (a) Explain the procedure to plot ‘V curves’ & ‘inverted V’ curves for a given
synchronous machine with help of its circles diagrams.
(b) A 2 pole, 50 Hz, 3-Φ turbo alternator is excited to generate a bus-bar voltage of
11 kV on no load. The machine is star connected and the short circuit current
for this excitation is 1000 A. Calculate the synchronizing power per degree
of mechanical displacement of the rotor and the corresponding synchronizing
torque. [8+8]
7. (a) The following data pertains to a single phase Induction motor:

No. of poles = 4, Supply voltage = 110, Rated output = 125 W,
Slip = 6%, total full load copper losses = 25 W, Rotational losses =
25W. Calculate the full load efficiency & the rotor copper loss caused by the
backward field. Neglect stator resistance.
(b) Give the comparison between ‘capacitor start-capacitor run’ single phase In-
duction motor & ‘capacitor start-run motor’ single phase Induction motor.
[8+8]
8. (a) Explain how the speed of Universal motor can be controlled.

(b) Explain ‘conductively compensated’ AC series motor & ‘inductively compen-
sated’ AC series motor. [8+8]
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1. (a) Explain the construction & working principle of 3-Φ alternator.

(b) One phase of a 3-Φ alternator consist of twelve coils in series. Each coil has an
RMS voltage of 10 V induced in it and coils are arranged in slots so that there
is a successive phase displacement of 10o electrical between the EMFs in each
coil and the next. Find the RMS value of the total phase voltage developed
by the winding. If the alternator has six poles and is driven at 1000 rpm,
calculate the frequency of the EMF generated. [8+8]
2. (a) Explain the factors affecting synchronous reactance of alternator.

(b) The SC, OC & DC test data for a star connected 25 kVA, 240 V, 60 Hz,
alternator are (between two terminals):
VOC = 240 V, ISC = 60.2 A - - - - For same field current
VDC = 120.6 V, IDC = 50.4 A
Determine: Synchronous reactance. [8+8]
3. (a) Explain the assumptions made in calculation of voltage regulation of an alter-

natator by synchronous impedance method.
(b) The following table gives the OCC & SCC of a 2 pole, 6.6kV, 50 Hz, 3-Φ star
connected alternator. The stator resistance between two terminals is 0.02 Ω.
Calculate the regulation at full load current of 350 A at 0.8 pf lagging (by
synchronous impedance method) [6+10]
If 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
EOL -kV 5.3 6.2 6.8 7.2 7.5 7.7 7.9
(where EOL is the line voltage at no load)
4. (a) Why parallel operation of alternators is necessary? What are the advantages
of connecting alternators in parallel?
(b) A 5 MVA, 10kV, 1500 RPM, 3-Φ, 50 Hz alternator is opening on infinite bus
bar. Find synchronizing power per mechanical degree of angular displacement
at: [8+8]
i. No load
ii. Full load at rated voltage & 0.8 power factor lagging. Also find synchro-
nizing torque for a 0.5o mechanical displacement in each case. ×s =20%
5. (a) Justify statement ‘An over excited synchronous motor acts as synchronous
condenser’
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(b) A 600 V, 6 pole, 3-Φ, star connected, synchronous motor has a resistance &
reactance of 0.4 Ω/ph & 7 Ω/ph respectively. It takes a current of 15 A at UPF
when operating with a certain field current. With the field current remains
constant, the load torque is increased till the motor draws a current of 50 A.
Find the gross torque developed and the new pf. [8+8]
6. Construct curves showing the relation between armature current v/s field current
& power factor v/s field current for a star connected synchronous motor with a
synchronous reactance of 8.25 Ω/ph and negligible resistance. The machine takes
a constant power input of 800 kW at 6.6 kV. The OC characteristic is as follows: [16]
V (kV) 3 4 5 6 6.6 7 7.5 8

If Amp 16 23 31 41 50 56 69 85
7. (a) Why single phase motors are not self starting?

(b) Explain the necessary arrangements made to make single phase Induction
motor self starting & with neat diagram explain the operations of same. [8+8]
8. (a) Derive torque equation of AC series motor.

(b) Explain the operation of permanent magnet stepper motor. [8+8]
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DESIGN OF MACHINE MEMBERS-I
(Mechanical Engineering)
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1. A copper bar 50 mm in diameter is placed with a steel tube 75 mm external diameter

and 50 mm internal diameter of exactly the same length. The two pieces are rigidly
fixed together by two pins 18 mm in diameter, one at each end passing through the
bar and tube. Calculate the stress induced in the copper bar, steel tube and pins
if the temperature of the combination is raised by 50%. Take
Es = 210 GN /m2 ; Ec = 105 GN /m2 αs = 11.5 × 10−6 /o C and αc = 17 × 10−6 /o C.
[16]
2. A pulley is keyed to a shaft midway between two anti-friction bearings. The bending
moment at the pulley varies from -170N-m to 510N-m and torsional moment in the
shaft varies from 55 N-m to 165 N-m. The frequency of variation of the loads in the
same as shaft speed. The shaft is made cold drawn steel having an ultimate strength
of 540 Mpa and yield strength of 400Mpa. Determine the required diameter for an
infinite life. The stress concentration factor for the keyway in bending and torsion
may be taken as 1.6 and 1.4 respectively. The factor of safety is 1.5. size factor =
0.85 and surface finish factor is 0.85. Assume σe = 0.5 σ2 ; τxy = 0.5σy ; τe = 0.55σe .
[16]
3. (a) What is the difference between Caulking and fullering? Explain with the help
of neat sketches.
(b) A double riveted double cover butt joint is made in 12mm thick plates with
18mm diameter rivets. Find the efficiency of the joint for a pitch of 80mm, if
σt = 115MPa; τ = 80MPa; and σc = 160Mpa. [6+10]
4. (a) Define the following terms with necessary sketch.
i. Major diameter
ii. Minor diameter
iii. Pitch
iv. Lead.
(b) Derive an expression for the maxim load in a bolt. When a bracket with a
circular base is bolted to a wall by means of four bolts. [8+8]
5. (a) Differentiate between a cotter joint and a knuckle joint.
(b) The cotter joint is commonly used for long pump rods and similar machine
members. Design this joint to support a load varying from 28kN in com-
pression. The material for all the components of the joint is steel with the
allowable stresses in tension, compression and shear as 50N/mm2 , 60N/mm2
and 35N/mm2 respectively. [4+12]
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6. Compare the weight, strength and stiffness of a hollow shaft of the same external
diameter as that of solid shaft. The inside diameter of the hollow shaft being 0.6
times the external diameter. Both the shafts have same material and length. [16]
7. Design a rigid flange coupling to transmit a torque of 250N-m between two axial
shafts. The shaft is made of alloy steel, flanges out of cast iron and bolts out of
steel. Four bolts are used to couple the flanges. The shafts are keyed to the flange
hub. The permissible stresses are given below:
Shear stress on the shaft=100MPa
Bearing or crushing stress on shaft=250MPa
Bearing stress on keys=250MPa
Shear stress on keys=100MPa
Shearing stress on cast iron=200MPa
Shear stress on bolts=100MPa
After designing the various elements, make a neat sketch of the assembly indicating
the important dimensions. The stresses developed in the various Members may be
checked if thumb rules are used for fixing the dimensions. [16]
8. (a) Under What circumstances, concentric springs are preferred?

(b) A rail carriage weighing 200kN and running at 5 km/hour is brought to rest by
four buffer springs of close coiled helical type during connection with another
carriage which is already at rest. The mean coil diameter is 5 times the wire
diameter. The deflection of each spring is 220mm, to bring the carriage to
rest. Safe shear stress for the spring material is 400N/mm2 . Calculate the
maximum load on the spring, diameter of wire and coil, number of turns and
free length of spring. Assume the ends of spring are squared and ground. Take
G= 0.8×104 N/mm2 . [2+14]
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1. (a) Explain the following methods of reducing stress concentration.

i. Drilled holes
ii. Using large fillet radius.
(b) A hot rolled shaft is subjected to torsional load that varies from 320 Nm clock
wise to 120 Nm anti -clockwise and an applied bending moment at a critical
section varies from 400 Nm to 200 Nm. The shaft is of uniform cross section.
Determine the required shaft diameter. The material has an ultimate strength
of 560 Mpa and yield strength of 420 Mpa. Assume factor of safty to be 2.
[6+10]
2. (a) Illustrate how stress concentration in a component can be reduced.
(b) Determine the size of a piston rod to a total load of having cyclic fluctuations
from 15 kN in compression to 25 kN in tension. The endurance limit is 360
Mpa and yield strength is 400 Mpa. Take impact factor = 1.25, factor of safty
= 1.5, surface finish factor =0.88 and stress concentration factor = 2.25.[8+8]
3. Figure 3 shows a welded joint subjected to an eccentric load of 20 kN. The welding
is only on one side. Determine the uniform size of the weld on the entire length of
two legs. Take permissible shear stress for the weld material as 80 MPa. [16]
Figure 3
4. Determine the size of the bolts and the thickness of the arm for the bracket as
shown in the figure 4, if it carries a load of 40 KN at an anlge of 600 to the vertical.
The material of the bracket and the bolt is same for which the safe stresses can be
assumed as 70,50 and 105 MPa in tension, shear and compression respectively. [16]
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Figure 4
5. (a) Design a rectangular sunk key for a shaft of 50mm diameter, transmitting
1200N-m torque. The shear and crushing stresses in the key are limited to 45
and 70MPa respectively.
(b) Make a neat sketch showing two views of a cotter joint and write equations
showing the strength of the joint for the most probable methods of failure.
[8+8]
6. (a) A solid shaft and a hollow shaft are to be equal in torsional strength. The
hollow shaft is to be 10% larger in diameter than the solid shaft. Assuming
that the material of both the shafts to be the same, find the ratio of the weight
of the solid shaft to that of the hollow shaft.
(b) A shaft is supported on two bearings 750mm apart and transmits 15kW at
560 r.p.m. A spur pinion of 150mm diameter is located at 125 mm to the right
of the left bearing and delivers power horizontally to the right. A spur gear of
500mm diameter is located at 150mm to the left of the right bearing and re-
ceives power from below. Determine the shaft diameter, assuming permissible
shear stress for the shaft material as 45MPa. [6+10]
7. Design a bushed -pin type flexible couplings to transmit 25kW at 960rpm.

Use the following stress values:
Shear stress =50MPa(shaft and key)
30MPa(pin)
Crushing stress =90MPa (key)
Bearing pressure=0.45N/mm2 (rubber bush). [16]
8. (a) Write short notes on leaf springs

(b) A lift system is provided with cushion springs at the bottom of lift. The lift is
free to fall. Springs are set in parallel. Specify the required number of springs
if the lift has free fall of 1.5m from rest.
Weight of lift = 30kN
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Allowable deflection per spring = 370 mm
Number of active turns =15
Spring mean coil diameter =30 mm
Spring wire diameter = 30mm
Modulus of rigidity for spring =80Gpa. [6+10]
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1. (a) Classify the various types Machine Design.

(b) What is the procedure adopted in the design of Machine elements. [6+10]
2. (a) Illustrate how stress concentration in a component can be reduced.

(b) Determine the size of a piston rod to a total load of having cyclic fluctuations
from 15 kN in compression to 25 kN in tension. The endurance limit is 360
Mpa and yield strength is 400 Mpa. Take impact factor = 1.25, factor of safty
= 1.5, surface finish factor =0.88 and stress concentration factor = 2.25.[8+8]
3. Design a longitudinal joint for a 1.25m diameter steam boiler to carry a steam
pressure of 2.5 N/mm2 . The ultimate strength of the boiler plate may be assumed
as 420 MPa, crushing strength as 650 MPa and shear strength as 300 Mpa. Take
the joint efficiency as 80%. Sketch the joint with all the dimensions. Adopt the
suitable factor of safty. [16]
4. Determine the size of the bolts and the thickness of the arm for the bracket as
shown in the figure 4, if it carries a load of 40 KN at an anlge of 600 to the vertical.
The material of the bracket and the bolt is same for which the safe stresses can be
assumed as 70,50 and 105 MPa in tension, shear and compression respectively. [16]
Figure 4
5. (a) How is the slipping of the cotter avoided? Explain by two methods.
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(b) Design a knuckle joint to transmit 120 kN, with permissible stresses in tension;
shear and compression are 75 Mpa; 60 Mpa and 150 Mpa respectively. [4+12]
6. In axial flow rotary compressor, the shaft is subjected to a maximum twisting

moment of 1500N-m and a maximum bending moment of 3000N-m. Neglecting
the axial load on the shaft, determine the diameter of the shaft, if the allowable
shear stress is 50N/mm2 . Assume Kb = 1.5 and Kt = 1.2. If the shaft is to be a
hollow one with di /do =4, what will be the material saving in the hollow shaft. It is
subjected to the same loading and of the same material as the solid shaft. Compare
the torsional stiffness of the two shafts. [16]
7. Design a bushed-pin type flexible coupling for connecting a motor shaft to a pump
shaft, with the following service conditions:
Power to be transmitted=40kW
Speed of the motor shaft=1000rpm
Diameter of motor and pump shafts=45mm
Bearing pressure on the rubber bush=0.7N/mm2
Allowable stress in the pins=60MPa. [16]
8. A diesel engine weighs 800kN and is mounted on 16 springs in order to protect the
building from vibrations. The section of the spring wire is rectangular with side
ratio1.8. One spring has four effective coils and the spring index is 6.
Determine:
(a) Section of the spring so that long side is parallel to the axis of the spring
(b) Deflection under load when engine is stationary
(c) Maximum coil diameter
(d) Shear stress induced if shorter side is parallel to the spring axis. Permissible
shear stress in spring wire material is 300N/mm2 and modulus of rigidity is
0.8×105 N/mm2 . [16]
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1. (a) Classify the various types Machine Design.

(b) What is the procedure adopted in the design of Machine elements. [6+10]
2. (a) Write Soderberg’s equation and state its application to different type of load-
ings.
(b) Determine the diameter of a circular rod made of ductile material with a
fatigue strength. σe =265Mpa and a tensile yield strength of 350 Mpa. The
member is subjected to a varying axial load from Wmin =-300 kN to Wmax =700
kN and has a stress concentration factor=1.8. Use factor of safty as 2.0. [6+10]
3. Design a longitudinal joint for a 1.25m diameter steam boiler to carry a steam
pressure of 2.5 N/mm2 . The ultimate strength of the boiler plate may be assumed
as 420 MPa, crushing strength as 650 MPa and shear strength as 300 Mpa. Take
the joint efficiency as 80%. Sketch the joint with all the dimensions. Adopt the
suitable factor of safty. [16]
4. (a) Define the following terms with necessary sketch.

i. Major diameter
ii. Minor diameter
iii. Pitch
iv. Lead.
(b) Derive an expression for the maxim load in a bolt. When a bracket with a
circular base is bolted to a wall by means of four bolts. [8+8]
5. (a) Describe the design procedure of Sleeve & Cotter joint.

(b) Design a cotter joint with two gibs to transmit an axial force of 130 kN. The
permissible stresses are 165 MPa in tension; 100 MPa in shear and 180 M Pa
in crushing. [6+12]
6. The shaft of an axial flow rotary compressor is subjected to maximum torque of

2000N-m and a maximum bending moment of 4000 N-m. The combined shock and
fatigue factor in torsion is 1.5 and that in bending is 2. Design the diameter of the
shaft, if the shear stress in the shaft is 50MPa. Design a hollow shaft for the above
compressor taking the ratio of outer diameter to the inner diameter as 2. What is
the percentage saving in material? Also compare the stiffness. [16]
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7. Design and draw protective type of cast iron flange coupling for a steel shaft trans-
mitting 15kW at 200rpm, and having an allowable shear stresses of 40MPa. The
working stress in the bolts should not exceed 30MPa. Assume that the same ma-
terial is used for shaft and key and that the crushing stress is twice the value of its
shear stress. The maximum torque is 25% greater than the full load torque. The
shear stress for cast iron is 14MPa. [16]
8. A semi-elliptical laminated spring is made of no.10.B.W.G. steel 50mm wide. The

length between the supports is 66.25cm and the band is 63 mm wide. The spring
has two full length and five graduated leaves. A central load if 158 kg is carried.
(a) Determine the maximum stress in each set of leaves for an initial condition of
no stress in the leaves.
(b) Draw to half or quarter full size the elevation and plan of the spring
(c) Determine the maximum stress if the initial stress is provided to cause equal
stresses when loaded.
(d) Determine the deflection in parts (a)and (b) respectively. [16]
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DIGITAL IC APPLICATIONS
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Instrumentation Engineering)
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1. (a) Design a CMOS transistor circuit with the functional behavior as
f (x) = (a + b) ( c + d)
Also draw the relevant circuit diagram.

(b) Distinguish between static and dynamic power dissipation of a CMOS circuit.
Derive the expression for dynamic power dissipation. [8+8]
2. (a) Design a TTL three-state NAND gate and explain the operation with the help
of function table.
(b) Compute the maximum fan-out for the following cases.
i. 74LS driving 74F
ii. 74F driving 74AS
iii. 74AS driving 74LS
iv. 74AS driving 74F [8+8]
3. (a) Explain the various data types supported by VHDL. Give the necessary ex-
amples.
(b) Discuss the steps in VHDL design flow. [8+8]
4. Design a logic circuit to detect prime number of a 5-bit input. Write the structural
VHDL program for the same. [16]
5. Design a two-digit BCD adder with logic gates. Using this logic write the VHDL
program. In structural style of modeling. [8+8]
6. Write VHDL program for 8-bit comparator circuit. Using this entity write VHDL
program for 24-bit comparator. Show the additional logic used for this purpose use
structural style or modeling. [16]
7. (a) Define clock skew. Explain how clock skew leads to incorrect outputs in syn-
chronous circuits. Design one logic circuit that minimizes clock skew.
(b) Design an 8-bit universal parallel-in and serial out shift register with a control
input. Shift-left operation with control input 1 and shift-right operation with
control input 0 is to be performed. [8+8]
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8. (a) How many ROM bits are required to build a 16-bit adder/subtractor with
mode control, carry input, carry output and two’s complement overflow out-
put? Show the block schematic with all inputs and outputs?
(b) Explain the functional behavior of Static RAM cell. Show the internal struc-
ture of 8x4 static RAM and explain. [8+8]
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1. (a) Design a 4-input CMOS OR-AND-INVERT gate. Explain the circuit with the
help of logic diagram and function table?
(b) Explain the following terms with reference to CMOS logic.
i. Logic ‘0’ and Logic ‘1’
ii. Noise margin
iii. Power supply rails
iv. Propagation delay [10+6]
2. (a) Mention the DC noise margin levels of ECL 10K family.

(b) A single pull-up resistor to +5V is used to provide a constant-1 logic source
to 15 different 74LS00 inputs. What is the maximum value of this resistor?
How much high state DC noise margin can be provided in this case? [6+10]
3. (a) Write a VHDL Entity and Architecture for a 3-bit synchronous counter using
Flip-Flops.
(b) Explain the use of Packages. Give the syntax and structure of a package in
VHDL. [8+8]
4. (a) Design a logic circuit to detect prime number of a 4-bit input? Write the
VHDL program for the above design?
(b) Design the logic circuit and write a data-flow style VHDL program for the
following function? [8+8]
F (P ) = ΣA,B,C,D (1, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13) + d (4, 15)
5. Design a two-digit BCD adder with logic gates. Using this logic write the VHDL
program. In structural style of modeling. [8+8]
6. (a) Write a behavioral VHDL program to compare 16-bit signed and unsigned
integers.
(b) Design a priority encoder with 8 inputs? Write a VHDL program for the same
in structural style. [8+8]
7. Show the logic diagram of 74×175 IC and write VHDL program for this IC in data
flow style. Using this entity develop the program for 16-bit register and show the
corresponding circuit also explain how the register is cleared? [16]
1 of 2
8. (a) Explain how a 4×4 binary multiplier can be designed using 256×8 ROM.
(b) How many ROM bits are required to build a 16-bit adder/subtractor with
mode control, carry input, carry output and two’s complement overflow out-
put? Show the block schematic with all inputs and outputs. [8+8]
?????
2 of 2
?????
1. (a) Draw the logic diagram equivalent to the internal structure of CMOS 4-input
NAND gate. Explain the operation with the help of function table.
(b) Compare HC, HCT, VHC and VHCT CMOS logic families with the help of
input specifications and with VCC from 4.5V to 5.5V. [8+8]
2. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of basic CMOS gate and explain the operation.
(b) List out different categories of characteristics in a TTL data sheet. Discuss
electrical and switching characteristics of 74LS00. [8+8]
3. (a) Write a VHDL Entity and Architecture for the following function?
F(x) = a ⊕ b ⊕ c
Also draw the relevant logic diagram.

(b) Explain the use of Packages Give the syntax and structure of a package in
VHDL [8+8]
4. (a) Explain data-flow design elements of VHDL.

following function. [8+8]
F (X) = ΣA,B,C,D (1, 4, 5, 7, 12, 14, 15) + d (3, 11)
5. A mechanical disk rotates in a circle in different positions. Two successive positions

differ with an angle of 15o . Provide an encoding mechanism for every position of
the disk. The disk in the mechanical system outputs this encoded information to
detect the exact position. Design a decoder with an enable input to identify the
position of the disk. [16]
6. Design an 8×8 combinational multiplier. Determine the worst case propagation

delay. Write a VHDL data flow program for the same. [16]
7. (a) Design a switch debouncer circuit using 74×109 IC. Explain the operation
using timing diagram.
(b) Discuss the logic circuit of 74×377 register. Write a VHDL program for the
same in structural style. [8+8]
1 of 2
8. (a) How many ROM bits are required to build a 16-bit adder/subtractor with
mode control, carry input, carry output and two?s complement overflow out-
put? Show the block schematic with all inputs and outputs?
(b) Design an 8×4 diode ROM using 74×138 for the following data starting from
the first location. [8+8]
B, 2, 4, F, A, D, F, E
?????
2 of 2
?????
1. (a) Explain how to estimate sinking current for low output and sourcing current
for high output of CMOS gate.
(b) Analyze the fall time of CMOS inverter output with RL = 100Ω, VL = 2.5V and CL =
10P F . Assume VL as stable state voltage. [8+8]
2. (a) Mention the DC noise margin levels of ECL 10K family.

(b) A single pull-up resistor to +5V is used to provide a constant-1 logic source
to 15 different 74LS00 inputs. What is the maximum value of this resistor?
How much high state DC noise margin can be provided in this case? [6+10]
3. (a) Write a VHDL Entity and Architecture for a 3-bit synchronous counter using
Flip-Flops.
(b) Explain the use of Packages. Give the syntax and structure of a package in
VHDL. [8+8]
4. (a) What is the importance of time dimension in VHDL and explain its function.
following function. [8+8]
F (X) = ΣA,B,C,D (0, 1, 3, 5, 14) + d (8, 15)
5. (a) Design a 32 to 1 multiplexer using four 74×151 multiplexers and 74X139

decoder.
(b) Realize the following expression using 74×151 IC [8+8]
f (Y ) = AB + BC + AC
6. A simple floating-point encoder converts 16-bit fixed-point data using four high
order bits beginning with MSB. Design the logic circuit and write VHDL data-flow
program. [16]
7. (a) What is the difference between ring counter and Johnson ring counter? Design
a self-correcting 4-bit, 4-state ring counter with a single circulating 0 using
74×194.
(b) Explain how serial data communication is possible using 74×166 as transmitter
and 74×164 as receiver. [8+8]
1 of 2
8. (a) Determine the ROM size needed to realize the logic function performed by
74×153 and 74×139.
(b) Design an 8×8 diode ROM using 74×138 for the following data starting from
the first location. [8+8]
AB, 52, 74, 0F, CA, 9D, 2F, E6
?????
2 of 2
Code No: V3128 / R07
Set.No.1
III B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
MICROPROCESSORS & INTERFACING

(Common to CSE, IT, ECC & ICE)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80

*****
1. (a) With a neat diagram explain the architecture of an 8086 microprocessor.
(b) Differentiate between procedures and macros with certain examples.
[10+6]
2. (a) Write an assembly language program in 8086 to add two 16-bit packed BCD
numbers.
(b) Write an assembly language program in 8086 to sort the array of 10 numbers in
ascending order. [8+8]
3. Explain the minimum mode and maximum modes of operation of 8086 with
corresponding timing diagrams. [16]
4. (a) Distinguish between Mode set control word and BSR control word of 8255.
(b) Write an assembly language program in 8086 to generate a symmetrical square
wave with 1KHz frequency? Give the necessary circuit set up with a DAC. [6+10]
5. (a) Discuss in detail about the interrupt structure of 8086.

(b) Describe about the interrupt vector table of Intel processors. [8+8]
6. (a) Discuss the types of serial communication.

(b) Write an 8086 instruction sequence for receiving 50 characters using 8251
USART and store them in the memory. [8+8]
7. (a) What is meant by paging? Explain its advantages and disadvantages.

(b) Explain the procedure of converting linear address into physical address.
[8+8]
8. (a) Discuss various addressing modes of 8051.

(b) Explain in detail about serial port operation in 8051 microcontroller. [8+8]
@@@
Set. No. 2


*****
1. (a) Compare the flag registers of 8085 and 8086.

(b) Explain the different addressing modes of 8086 microprocessor with examples.
[8+8]
2. (a) Write an assembly language program in 8086 to find the maximum in the array of
10 numbers.
(b) Write an assembly language program in 8086 to find the factorial of the given
number. [8+8]
3. (a) Explain the interfacing of static RAMs to 8086 with neat interface diagram.
(b) Explain the need of DMA. Discuss in detail about the DMA data transfer scheme.
[8+8]
4. (a) Explain the modes of operation of 8255 PPI.

(b) Explain about interfacing of a DAC with 8086 using 8255? [8+8]
5. (a) Differentiate between Initialization Command Words and Operation Command

words of 8259.
(b) Discuss about the interrupt priority schemes used in 8259. [10+6]
6. (a) Discuss the serial data transmission standards and their specifications.
(b) Draw and explain the block diagram of 8251. [6+10]
7. (a) Explain the real mode and protected mode operations of 80386 microprocessor.
(b) Compare RISC and CISC processors. [10+6]
8. (a) Draw the architectural diagram of 8051 microcontroller and explain in detail
about each block.
(b) Explain the basic differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
[12+4]
@@@
Set. No. 3


*****
1. (a) Explain the physical address calculation in 8086 microprocessor.

(b) What are the various addressing modes available in 8086 microprocessor and
explain them with examples. [6+10]
2. (a) Write an assembly language program in 8086 to find the sum of first N natural
numbers.
(b) Write an assembly language program in 8086 to display the string “JNTU
KAKINADA” on the screen. [8+8]
3. (a) Explain the maximum mode operation of 8086 microprocessor with

corresponding timing diagrams.
(b) What is DMA? Explain the need for DMA in Microprocessor based systems.
[8+8]
4. (a) Distinguish between Mode set control word and BSR control word of 8255?
(b) Write an ALP in 8086 to generate a symmetrical square wave form with 1 KHz
frequency? Give the necessary circuit setup with a DAC? [8+8]
5. (a) What is the difference between maskable and non-maskable interrupts? Give some
examples?
(b) Discuss about the following control word formats of 8259:
i. Initialization Command Words (ICWs).
ii. Operational Command Words (OCWs) [6+10]
6. (a) Discuss the asynchronous and synchronous data transfer schemes.
(b) Explain the interfacing of 8251 with 8086 with necessary circuit diagram.
[8+8]
7. (a) Explain the architecture of the Pentium processor.

(b) Differentiate RISC and CISC processors. [8+8]
8. (a) Draw the block diagram of 8051 microcontroller and explain its salient features.
(b) Explain the interrupt structure of the 8051 microcontroller. [10+6]
@@@
Set. No. 4


*****
1. (a) Explain different general purpose registers available in 8086 microprocessor.

(b) Explain different data definition assembler directives in 8086. [8+8]
2. (a) Write an assembly language program in 8086 to sort the given array of numbers in
descending order using bubble sort.
(b) Write an assembly language program in 8086 to display the string “JNTU
KAKINADA” on the screen. [8+8]
3. (a) With a neat block diagram, explain the working of 8257 DMA controller.
(b) Explain the need of DMA. Discuss in detail about DMA data transfer method.
[8+8]
4. (a) Explain the interfacing of stepper motor with 8255.

(b) Write an assembly language program to rotate 200 teeth, 4 pole stepper motor
(i). in clockwise 5 rotations and
(ii). in anticlockwise 5 rotations. [6+10]
5. (a) Describe some important features of 8259 interrupt controller.

(b) Distinguish between Master and Slave mode operation of 8259. [8+8]
6. (a) Discuss the types of serial communication.

(b) With a neat circuit diagram, explain the interfacing of 8251 with 8086.
[6+10]
7. (a) List and explain the new Pentium instructions.

(b) Explain the memory system of the Pentium processor. [8+8]
8. (a) Differentiate microprocessors and microcontrollers.

(b) Explain different addressing modes of 8051 microcontroller with suitable
examples. [6+10]
@@@

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Code No: V3111/R07 Set No.

4. A 4 kVA, 3-Φ, 110 V, 50 Hz, star connected alternator has ×d = 3 Ω & xq = 2 Ω.

6. (a) Explain the importance of ‘power circles’ in determining the characteristics

8. (a) Explain the torque-speed characteristics of reluctance motor.

2. (a) Explain the factors affecting synchronous reactance of alternator.

Field Current (A) 8 10 15 20 25 30 40 50

(a) 0.8 pf lagging

(a) AC component of current at the instant of short circuit.

Td ’ = 1 Sec & Td ” = 0.05 Sec.

5. (a) Explain the ‘V-curves’ & ‘inverted V curves’ of synchronous motor.

(a) Input current

(a) the excitation EMF, neglecting saliency (Xd = Xq )

Neglect armature resistance.

7. (a) The following data pertains to a single phase Induction motor:

8. (a) Explain how the speed of Universal motor can be controlled.

1. (a) Explain the construction & working principle of 3-Φ alternator.

2. (a) Explain the factors affecting synchronous reactance of alternator.

3. (a) Explain the assumptions made in calculation of voltage regulation of an alter-

V (kV) 3 4 5 6 6.6 7 7.5 8

7. (a) Why single phase motors are not self starting?

8. (a) Derive torque equation of AC series motor.

1. A copper bar 50 mm in diameter is placed with a steel tube 75 mm external diameter

8. (a) Under What circumstances, concentric springs are preferred?

1. (a) Explain the following methods of reducing stress concentration.

7. Design a bushed -pin type flexible couplings to transmit 25kW at 960rpm.

8. (a) Write short notes on leaf springs

1. (a) Classify the various types Machine Design.

2. (a) Illustrate how stress concentration in a component can be reduced.

6. In axial flow rotary compressor, the shaft is subjected to a maximum twisting

1. (a) Classify the various types Machine Design.

4. (a) Define the following terms with necessary sketch.

5. (a) Describe the design procedure of Sleeve & Cotter joint.

6. The shaft of an axial flow rotary compressor is subjected to maximum torque of

8. A semi-elliptical laminated spring is made of no.10.B.W.G. steel 50mm wide. The

1. (a) Design a CMOS transistor circuit with the functional behavior as

Also draw the relevant circuit diagram.

2. (a) Mention the DC noise margin levels of ECL 10K family.

F (P ) = ΣA,B,C,D (1, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13) + d (4, 15)

Also draw the relevant logic diagram.

4. (a) Explain data-flow design elements of VHDL.

F (X) = ΣA,B,C,D (1, 4, 5, 7, 12, 14, 15) + d (3, 11)

5. A mechanical disk rotates in a circle in different positions. Two successive positions

6. Design an 8×8 combinational multiplier. Determine the worst case propagation

2. (a) Mention the DC noise margin levels of ECL 10K family.

F (X) = ΣA,B,C,D (0, 1, 3, 5, 14) + d (8, 15)

5. (a) Design a 32 to 1 multiplexer using four 74×151 multiplexers and 74X139

AB, 52, 74, 0F, CA, 9D, 2F, E6

MICROPROCESSORS & INTERFACING

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80

5. (a) Discuss in detail about the interrupt structure of 8086.

6. (a) Discuss the types of serial communication.

7. (a) What is meant by paging? Explain its advantages and disadvantages.

8. (a) Discuss various addressing modes of 8051.

III B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009

MICROPROCESSORS & INTERFACING

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80

1. (a) Compare the flag registers of 8085 and 8086.

4. (a) Explain the modes of operation of 8255 PPI.

5. (a) Differentiate between Initialization Command Words and Operation Command

III B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009

MICROPROCESSORS & INTERFACING

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80