e 1¡

- ~-":"----·------:------- ·-. -
· --------·~- ---
)
TN ·sgi::> poo1:.<=¡Bu3
SlN~D3i:l ll':H 3:>1l.N3C:id
)
NOSXIO T 183808
¡·
1
1
1
1

· Therefore, ask questions or introduce simple conversaüon involving the
Cover and tex.t d=s!gn: Finley/ Wall Associates
Copyright© 1986 by R.J. Dixon Associates.
(
To the Teacher
There is no need here to describe the different types of exercises which
this book contains or to discuss their wide variety and extent. A glance
through the following· pages is enough to acquaint anyone with the book's
general cofltents.
Since this is a workbook, there is alsc little to say as to how it should -
be used. Each exercise carries its own instructions, and the students proceed
accordingly. On the other hand, there are a few points of general pedagogy
which the teacher using the book should keep in rnind.
First, this is a workbook, and all explanatory material has been kept to
a mínimum. Thus, the book is not designed to be used alone orto replace
completely the regular classroom texr. Rather, this book should be used
to supplement the regular classroom text, to give needed variety to the
iesson, orto provide additional dril! materials on important points of gram-
mar and usage.
Second, as a teacher using this book, don't assume that after students
have written the answers tó an exercise correctly, they know the material
thoroughly and can use the principle in their everyday speech. The exercise
is often only the beginning. Much dril! and practice are still necessary .
particular grammar principie . Also, don't hesitare rn repeat the exercises
in the book severa! times. Run over these exercises orally in class. IE the
students have already written the answers in their books, they can cover
these answers wirh their hand or with a separare sheet of paper. Continue
to review past exercises which seem iÍnportant to you or which have given
the students difficulry.
Third, don't fall into the further error of assuming that sorne of the

.•.1;.-.
Ali rights reserved. :-; o part of this book may be reproduced
( exercises in this book are too easy for your particular students. Certain
in any forrn without perrnission in writing from the pubiisher.
exercises may seem easy to you-especially if you speak English as a
( native-but they still represent a real challenge to anyone studying English
ISBN 0-13-77092&-9
( as a foreign language. In this connection, there is one additional point of
Published by utrnost importance which should be kept in mind. We are not interested
( Prentice Hall, lnc.
in these exercises in tricking or even in testing the srndent. The exercises
A Division of Simon & Schuster
'. -~ are not designed to find out how mucha student knows or does not know.
Englewood Cliffs. :-; .J. 07632
Their purpose is simply to drill the student on certain basic points of
Printed in the Lnited States of America
grammar and usage . The exercises are practice exe::cises-nothing more.
( i09876543 They provide just another means of having students repeat materials which
can be leamed only through continuous use. For this reason, the exercises
Ava\Jable to adult education programs through have been made as simple and clear as possible. For the same reason, a
Cambridge Book Company good deal of direct repetition has been purposely introduced, not only in
.6'88 Seventh Avenue
individual exercises but throughout the book.
f ,., New York, N.Y. !0106
There a·re three workbooks in the series. Book 1 is for the beginning
Prentice Hall Reg~nts is not affiliated with thc Board student; Book 2 is for the intermediate student; Book 3 is for the advanced
of Regents of thc Stau: af New York or any acher state. student. As regards the exact division of material. this plan was followed:

iii
 (--,._,ca.
1. .·; ~ .

, L j (--,
íf ! i

...;··® · Contents
~ : _,f~·
•.
---•i •
·. 1 ~ Exercise Nurnber
The exercises in Book 1 more or less parallel the development by lesson ~.L. Page Number Structure
of the material in Beginning Lessons in English A and B. Similarly, Book .l.~:.l. -~: 1 To be: present tense 1
2 follows the general development of the lessons in Second Book in English.
Book 3 reviews the material in Books 1 and 2 and focuses on special
problems on the advanced level. All the books. mentioned are published
;i; 2
3
To be: present tense 2
To be: negative forrn

by Regents Publishing Company. · 9)-.·

( . 1
4
5
To be: question forrn
To have: present tense
Regents English Workbooks are readily adaptable t.o many uses and can
~·~-··
6 To . have: negative forrn
serve effectively to supplement any standard classroom textbook. A per- ( ' 7 To have: question forrn
.. i ~
forated answer key at the back of the bock makes classroom use or self- •i ¡· ·~ 8 Simple prcsent tense 1
study equally feasible. · ·¡1 i(f) 9 Simple present tense 2

R.J.D . ·] ~• 1O
11
Simple present tense 3
Plural of nouns 1
•
'./ i:.!:-~ 12 Plural of nouns 2

· ·¡! -¿.
ar,{1
~ , -~
··~
:~
13
14
15
Possessive adjectives
There is, there are
There is, there are: negative form
1 16 There is, there are: question form
· -l::J.9
~·!~.
17 A , an

. -.
18 This, ·thatlchese, those

.. (

~
19
20
21
General review 1
Imperative forrn
Object pronouns 1
22 Object pronouns 2
~ ·:9 23 Yocabulary review: days, momhs, seasons
e- . .• 24
25
To be: past tense
Regular verbs: past tense
e-- ( 8
1
26 Pronunciation of ed 1
27 Irregular verbs : past tense 1
~\ · ,·· 28 Vocabulary review: níistakes of fact 1

·-·
--•·
'
•, "-- ..l• ,.
-·
.. 1
~.!
-
29
30
31
Vocabulary review: opposices 1
Prepositions 1
General review 2
_-
~

•..•
..
•
it
·1 '
19 32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Review: past tense 1
Review: past tense 2
Auxiliary verbs: negarive form
Auxiliary verbs: question form
Simple present tense: negative forrn
Simple present tense: qúestion forrn 1
Simple present tense: quesrion form 2
39 To be: past tense, negative form
9=t ' . . 40 To be: past tense, question form

-~ \ · ~
41 Past tense: negative forrn

iv 9c ~l ·
1 ~.
V

'~Lr~•
.1¡1 . . .
¡· ~!
a .J :•
 ~-,,~,,
-1 • :-¡~--¡

Exercise Number
-! 'e . ;j:~ ·¡ Exercise Number

···l--•
Page Nurnber Structure
Page Number Structure
83 Adverbs: comparative form
42
43
Past tense: question form
Prepositions 2
•. -! -($;t 84 Adjectives: superlative form

44 ' 1 ~; 85 Vocabulary review: mistakes of fact 3

Irregular verbs: past tense 2 9=: ¡ -~~ 86 Review: past tense 3
45 Vocabulary review 1 87 Vocabulary review 3
46 General review 3 .¡-$ 88 Prepositions 4

·-~-­
47 To have: past tense, negative form 89 General review 5
48 To have: p·ast tense, question form
49
50
51
52
53
54
Pronunciation of s
Vocabulary review: opposites 2
Review: personal pronouns .
Review: plural of nouns
Future tense with will
To be: future tense with wíll
. .: ~ ·i it
. ;. itt
1

·:- i ~
f'
'

~~

55 future tense: negative form with will ·(~

\ ¡ ;--·_
56 ..Future tense: question form with will · .::_-'\~
57 Review: to be, present, past, future l~
58
59
60
61
Review: ro be, present, past, future, negative form
Review: co be, present, past, future, question form
Review: present, past, and future tenses
Review: present, past, foture, negative forrn .! ·~i ,·~~
9d,:
(
({t
E®

.,.i
62 Review: present, past, future, question forrn
( 63 Adjectives and adverbs • : fD
(
64 Good, well ~· (~
65 Much, many
\~
66 So, not
67 Irregular verbs: past tense 3 Qt
68 Prepositions 3 . i :

69 Vocabulary review: mistakes oÍ fact 2

• .. \~lt
70 Vocabulary review 2 ~', ·~ ~
71 General review 4
( 72 Present continuous tense 1 •·· ~~

.
73 Present continuous tense 2 __ 91..1_·¡
··-- - - - · ---·- ·
74 Present continuous tense 3 ;

75 Present continuous tense: negative forrn ~ (~~

76 Present continuous tense: question form :~
77 Future tense with going to
78 Short answers ~;j
79
80
Articles
Irregular verbs: past tense 4 . '*-··e:,
81
82
Relative pronouns: who, which
Adjectives: comparative forro
;.f·~
-~-,(~
vi
. - · ,: J:;j
.' 3;ir·kL~~~
- -~ ¡.
 Exercise .Nurnber
(~ :- ·~ · !

,.r
l
-~
~~~-¡ . ·~. ·- ~1
·A\.· ; 'i~

· .·.. .... J ~
!-r ~\\9, ¡
· ~ .·

!
8 To be: present tense i
The verb to be has these forms in the present tense. Contractions are gen-
Page Nurnber Strucmre
'_~¡ · ~-
124
125
, 26
127
Indirect object position
Yccabulary review: opposites 4
Words used as nouns and verbs
Corresponding noun and verb forms
_;
!_
_.
~lii
1 .-:
i erally used in spoken English.

Ful! Form
I arn
you are
Contracrion
J'm
you're
·

Ful! Form
we are
you are
Concraction
we're
-you're
·

~- ~·
128
129
ldiornatic ápressions
Answer Key
r

::i.:
Wf"'· 1 -~
he is
she is
it is
he's
she's
it's
they are they're

~- ¡- ~

.. •· · ¡

-~ ~ · ~
-~· 1
'.

:·
·· ,. J ~

1
..... ..,~
~-· ! _;~

: ~
..

\": '' ",..

~
~
.
Write the correct form of the present tense of lO be in the blank.s. JJse the
contracted form with the personal pronouns. ·

L I
2. Dennis
a student.
a student .
I'm

\ 1 .• 3. This. a good book .

~\r~ 4. John and Pat good students.

.. -. ·
·.q A
A f'r\
.,,.._-. ! 'z~
5. They in my class:
.-=e
- \
6 . He a good teacher.
7. You a good student. (
. .

•..
'

.· · ~' 8. I tired now.

. - - -~~

9. We in dass now.
-~
-. 10. Maria ar work today.
11. She a good scudent.
•··. \~
;,.¡ ; 12. Today
13. It
Monday.
a beautiful day.

.
. .' ·1·-;lit!l .
• -__ ·: ···· -,~ 14. You and Henry brothers.

•.•.-.
•-" "~ ·
15. They in rny class.

.,
--~- -

•••
;

¡
'
-,_

- :··

l
e- t-.
•[1-.
viii • l•' .

--~ ~ ·--.
¡

•ec .!·'°-
.
!-.}--... [

& l •~ -
 0 ro be: present tense 2
0 To be: negative form
Form the negatiYe of to be by putting not after the verb. Note the contrac-
tions.
Seled the correct form. Write your answer -in the blanks.
I am not a teacher. Tm not a teacher.
is
l. John (is, are) a good student. Yo u are not a teacher. You aren't a teacher.
He is not he re. He isn't here.
2. We (am, are) good students. She isn't a good student.
She is not a good student.
3. Today (is, are) Monday. We are not late. We aren't late.
4. This (is, are) a good exercise .
Change to the negative forrn. Use contNctions wherever possible.
5. Williarn and George (is, are) brothers .
6. They (is, are) good studems . aren ' t
l. We are brothers.
7. I ( am, is) a student of English. 2. Today is Monday.
8. The window (is, are) open . 3. She and Mary are sisters.
9. Both doors (is, are) closed .
10. Ana· and· I (am, are) in the same class.
11 . We (am, are) brothers. (.
'CV
\ \ :1 ;2''-__
·.~_\ (~
/~
4. I am a good speaker.
S. This is a diffi.cult exercise.
6. Miss Jones is a good skater.

(
(
12. Miss· Sm,i th (is, are) a teach.;:r.
13. She (is, are) a very good teacher.
14. Mr. Jones (is, am) a teacheí.
15 . He (is, are) a:lso' a good teacher.
16 . Mr. and Mrs. Rizzoli (is, are) North Ame-ricans.
(.•
<_• .

( '·

l.,. . t·1
t~
~~
(-~
7. Mr. and Mrs. Bielski are North Americans.
8. She is a good friend.
9. They are busy toda y.
10. You and Henry are cousins .
11. John and I are in the same class.
., • t:' \
17. You (am, are) a good sttfdent. 12. Juan is busy today.

(
18. 1 (am, is) also a good studerit.
19. The weather today (is, are) good .
20. This (is, are) a good exercise.
21. She and Mary (is, are) s.isters ~ -
22 . You and Henry (is, are) brothers .
/
\

1
í
.
· ~·~· 'é~~ .
•
-
:_ 1- -\
..... --- -

e:.).··--\
, •. ,
13 . We are busy today.
14. Henry and he are first cousins .
15 . You are a good student.
16. You and George are good friends.
17. Mary and I a~e good friends.
-----,~·-· -~
'c:. l'1 l
18. The door is closed .
19. Both window~ are open.
20. They are brothers.
-

-=' '
'

~(·
21. W e are friends.

• .,:re·,
·~- \ .. . )

~()- •
. ;
3 i
•D'
~~
2

·~t»
&;4 .
 -
8 To be: question form
Form questions with to be by placing the verb before the subject.
;
. ~•~ t·:~~
', (.
. .ül~
) ...,,: • .· ~
'. w--· ¡ - ~
(4Y\t~
,' l ' '
0 I have
To have:: prese.nt· tense
we have
/

you have you have

Is she a good student? r_f1:·r~~ he has they have
·· r-.- - , -~. she has

\.
_ Are you and Henry cousins?
· --- r ~ ir has
(~ ··¡ . ~
Change to the question form. Write thé verb and subject in the blanks.
·:r.~ . ,! . Write the correct forrn or'io have in the blanks.
\ ~
1. They are cousins. Are chev
>:~ - · ~ l. Helen a new hat. has
2. He is a bad student.
r' t
· tit·
r¡ '
;· · ~·
.. ~· 2. I many friends in this class.
3. Today is Tuesday . . i ,'

\t; · \,. ~ 3. We new English books. (

· -.
4. Antonia and he are in the same class.
i JfFj . .·-:!& 4. You a good tape recorder.
5. You and George are cousins.
\'~ 5. The dog a long tail.
6. She and Mary are good friends. (~ ,;~
6. This book a red cover.
7. The windows ·a.re closed.
8. The door is wi¿e open. ···L,·'1b
. .~ . \')~
7. I a new sports car.
8. Mary a new stereo. ""~.

..
9. They are new students.
:.ML . -~ <! '
qJ:í' ·"IÍ-' & 9. John a new watch.
10. Henry and she are first cousins.
'~
· _: · -~
~·~
10. John and Henry many friends.
11. We are busy today.
~-~ 11 . We pencils but no pens .
12. Mr. and Mrs. Janes are British.
12 . I two sisters but no brothers.
13. This is a difficult exercise.
·~ 13 . John two brothers but no sisters.
14 . Tnis lesson is easy.
.t . -~ 14. Miss Stein a new typewriter.
15. She is a good teacher.

· ··: · ~
~
15 . The teacher red hair.
· 16. Helen and she are sisters.

.
.-.· \·¡~
16. You brown eyes .
17. Y ou and Henry are in the same class.
18. They are tired today. ·~\· ~ .-.:· . . ·. \~
17. I blue eyes.
- ·-·~ 18. The car green eyes.
19. The teacher is tired.
20. This is a good book.
21. They are old friends.
--·-· ; • _y·\
:. .: ~
•' :'"\l~
'~u:~
19. We al!
20. George and I
new clothes.
new ties.
21. This room many windows .
22. He is a tall man . • e~
• t.~
, 9i
.:J e~
..
• U\
·A\1~1 t'·--·
:'. '\\

•@
W:f
!

4 -~ 5

, ~J
~ .~
~'~
• .,_ ti.~
 © To have: negative form 0 To have: question form
To torm questions with to have, place do or does before the sub"ed.
To form the negative of to have, place do nor or does not before the verb.
The contracterl forms don'r and doesn't are normally used. I have a good carnera, Do you ha ve a good camera?
· They ha ve a nice car. Lydia has new sunglasses. Does Lydia have new sunglasses?
They do nor (don 'r; ha ve a nice car. We have enough time. Do we have enough time?
I have a new house. I do not (don' r) ha ve a new house.
He has two radios. He does not ( doesn 'r) ha ve two radios. Change to the question forrn. Write the verb and subjed in the blanks.
Change to the negative form. Use the c~~tracted forrns.
1. S~e has a new apartment. Does she have

1. She };las a new hat. doesn ' t have 2. This ro<?m has three doors.
2. They ha\·e rnany friends in the United States. 3. That girl has very long hair.
3. Helen has red hair. 4. You have a dog .
4. The car h.as green eye.s. 5. Helen has man y friends in this class.
5. That room has rnany windows. 6. The cat has a long tail.
6. Rita has a bad cold. 7. These dogs ha ve long noses.
7. I have rwo sisters. 8. Mary has brown eyes.
8. John has rwo brothers. 9. You have abad cold today.
9. ~-his book has good photos . 10. Mr. Shapiro has his coat off.
10. We have rwo different English books. 11. John has his har on.
11. He has a new car. 12 . We have different English books .
12. The men have their coats on. ' 13. This book has a blue cover.
13. John has his coat off. 14. Mr. Smith has a new briefcase.
14. Helen has blue eyes. 15. You have a new watch.
15. I have a dog. 16 . Most watches have two hands and a face.
16. Mary has a cat. _____., 17. Every student in the class has a radio .
17. The car has a short tail. 18. We have new tennis equipment.

•.
18. The dog has a long nose. .\'. 19 19: Helen has a bad headache.
19. I ha ve a good TV set. _ ,. ·-''.-. 20. Miss Pappas has a new sports car.
20. John and Henry have rnany friends in this class. ~­
. ~JO
._! •
• l'•
•r•
~l:-
.::,1 .•
.•
7
6
L~
!4q..
_j

~,
a , la
 0 Simple presenttense 1
The simple present tense describes an action which goes on every day or in .
~=i
'·~
·
r11&. :

,-:~' - ~,
· i~ ¡;" ~
- ~
~l,J'

.,.-·! -~
·1
-a
.:-,
-,
0 Simple pn:;sent tense 2
.,._

Add s to forro the third person singul;ir of most verbs. Add es instead of s
in the following cases: .
'!1~
general. In the third person singular, s is added to the ..-erb.
a. when the verb ends in o
I_ work we work ,~ -~
go-goes do-does
• .! ~
you work you work
b. when the verb ends in 5, sh, ch, x, or z
he works they work
.• 1;
•.
she works _teach-teaches wash-washes fix-fixes
it works <'\ 1 - c. when the verb ends in y (in this case, the y is change9 to i before
•
~I
'. ~
--
adding es if the y is preceded by a consonan t.)
study-studies cry-cries marry-marries
Write the correct forrn of the verb in parentheses in the blanks. ~

1. John (speak) English well. speaks •~s

W!Y: ~
\_'&
Sele.c t the correct form. Write your answer in the bl.a n.ks.

2. We (write) rnany letters .

··¡ \~ l. I (study, studies) English every day. m:d :>
3. I (walk) to school with John every day. ,~,' · ~ 2. John also (study, studies) English every. Úy. -
4. Henry (walk) ro school with Mary. ..; \~- 3. Tran (go, goes) to the movies very often.
5 . I Zi.!ways (sir) in this seat. ¡
4 . I sel dom (go, goes) to the movies.
C1t-11, ~.
6. Henry ahvays (siq. ir. i"l-\at seat. .. .~ 'f ! ~

.'
5. William (carry, carries) his books in a briefcase.
7. The students (write) many exercises every day. ! · ~. 6 . The teacher also (carry, carries) his books in a briefcase.
8 . John always (open) the windows for the teacher.
•1' ~·1
7. Frank (play, plays) the violín very well .

.•..
9. Ms. Barbero (work~ in this room. ~- 8. Mary (play, plays) the piano very well.

~·
10 . He (smoké8 many cigarettes. 9. We (play, plays) tennis e\'ery afternoon .
11. I (come) to school by bus. -- , ~.-. 10. Pedro and Henry a!so (plp.y, plays) tennis every after-
.: t:''iiY
- .;,;

12. Henry also (cornej to school by bus. noon.

13. George and his brother (walk) to khool. ·~· ~
._, - -\::'~

11. G~orge ( does, do) this exercise very well.

~:
14. I (read) the newspa:per every day. 12 . Heien also (do, does) this exercise very well :
.. ··;~i
-15 . We ( eat) in the ca.fcteria every day . / ¡ \_~~~~:' 13. I a!ways (try, tries) to come to school on time .
~-.i.. 1 .:~ .
16. Mr. Smith also ( eat) in the cafetería every day. ~ , \_· ~N
14. You always (try, tries) to come to school on time.
17. I (play) tennis every afternoon.
.&1;\ -' ;~
.,-·-' \~~~
• \'\\~ .
' 15. William also (try, tries) to come to school on time.
- -- _. - ~· .
18 . Diego also (play) tennis every afternoon. tr' '(~ 16. I (want, wants) to learn English.
"'~19. Man y students (play) tennis every afternoon.
20. Helen (work) very hard.
•1
, -

&~
,- ~
~...,
17. John also (want, wants) to learn English.
18. Mr. and Mrs. Lecompte (go,
often.
goe~) to the movies very
21. She (want) to learn English.
~ 19. Mr. Lecompte (teach, teaches) English and French .

•
·~
20. The nurse (watch, watches) the patients .

.,-•.
J
9
8

~
 ® Ptura1 ·of nO,:ms 2 :· ·
. my
Possessive adjectives
OUf'

Change the italicized word from singular to ·p lural. Then make the necessary your your
change in the form of the Yerb. his their
her
The books are its
l. The book is on the desk .
2. The'man speaks English weú ~ · ~-.

I enjoy my new stereo. They eat their breakfast at seven o'clock.

3. The boy plays in the park. He washes his car. We leave our home very early.

4. The child plays wirh the dog .

Write the corred possessive adj eéti v'e· in the· blanks.
S. The mous.e runs .into t-he hole..
l. The boy walks to _ _ __ his -
6. The cae runs after the mouse. chair.

7. He speaks Englísh well. 2._ The· girl walks to _ _ __ chair.

8. 1 pla-y ten nis everv... af terooon

. .,. ... ..
. 3. J walk to ____ chair .

9. She goes to sthool on the b~s .• · 4. w~ study lessons every night.

10. The bus arríves on time. S. I put notebook on the desk.

11. The cl;s~ begíns ar one o ·c1ock. ·. 6. Mary likes _· _ _ _ _ English class.

12. The woman is in rhe store. 7. We bring pens to the lesson.

( 13. The dish is on the table. 8. The boys bring · pens to the lesson.

14. The dress is preny . 9. The girls bring pe ns to the lesson.

(
15. The pencil is on the desk. 10. ,Our teacher, Mr. Roth comes to school in _ _ __
car.
16. The crain leaves ar eigh\ o'clock .
11. John studies English in _ _ _ _ room .
17. The wa.tch runs well.
( 12 . I study in room.
18. The box is yellow.
13. The cto·g chases _ _ _ _ .tail.
19 . The church. is very large.
14. The cat eats _ _ _ _ dinner.
20. The class ends at rwo o'clock.
15. I ohen Iook at watch during the Iesson.
21. The bus is ful!.
16. Ms. Megerian, our teacher, is pleased with _ _ __
22. The child is sick. work .
;
")'1
(
~.J. The woman is busy . 17. Many of the studenrs look at watches dur-
24. The man is also busy. ing the test.
(
18. You write many words in notebooks ever¡
~-4,'
day .
19. Grace always writes many words in note-
book.

13
12
 G .r; ~!
1
~. \ '°');~ (,

There is, there are

We u5e rhere is with singular nouns; we use rhere are with plural nouns.

There is a book on the table. There are two bo.oks on the table.
. ,---.: :·' ' - -v
I~

'
·~ j (\&}
;

~¡ ~
'.

•¡ ·lD
i

1
-~

/
G There is,._there are:
negative form
Form the negative of rhere is and there are by placing not after the verb.
The contracted forrns is;i_'r and aren'r are generally usro.
(

- ·I ~
There is a woman in the office. There are sorne women in the office. • 1- ~
' ' 1
There is a good program There is not a good program on TV.
11»;: ·~ on TV.
Select the correct form. Write your answers in the blanks. ~ , ~ There isn't a good program on TV.
~" ; -::;íA. There are many museums -. There are not many museums to visit.
~ '. - - ~
l. There (is, are) a magazine on the éhair . is
to visit. · · There aren't many museums to visir.
~): : ··~
2. There (is, are) two men in the office .
·ª·;.·
~ ·· 1 ~
~. C_hange to the negative form. Use the contracted forms.
3. There (is, are) many children in the park.
· ·;:~

•.
4. There (is, are) many people on the bus . 1. There are many chairs in this room . · aren't
5. Tnere (is, are) a man at the door. .• ; 1 . · -~ 2. There is a radio in each room.
6. There (is, are) seven days in a week . : ·: ,~-~ 3 . There is a poi ice officer on the comer..
1. 4. There are many offices in that building.
7. There (is, are) twelve months in a ye ar . 1
.('\ '·~
_ __.8_._ Th_ece (is , are) a rug on the flooc
9. There (is, are) two windows in this room.
~-j ~- 5 . There are man y new students in our dass.
6 . There are many children in the park .
10 . Tnere (is, are) many students in our class. ·· ¡ ~ 7. There is a typewriter in each room.
11. There (is, are) man y English classes in our school. ·; ~
' .
8 . There are many magazines on the desk .

•..•
· ! ·~
12. Tnere (is, are) only one chair in this _room . 9. There is a window in the room .
. 13. There (is , are) severa! pictures on the waH,: ·t · · ~ . \~
10. There are two doors in rhe room .

~
14. There (is, are) only one cloud in the sky .
15. There (is, are )·iwo dishes on the table.
. ::'·~
16 . Ther'e (is, are) many churches in this city. • .i
~I ~
11 . There are many churches in this city .
12. There is a rug on the ftoor.
~·· ~ 13. There are two. people in the 'office.
(

.
17 . There (is, are) two wornen in Ms. Mlller 's office . 14. There is a letter here for you.
18 . There (is, are) a letter for you. · ·¡~ 15. There are many clouds in the sky.
.. t;;_\ ~0~ (
19. There (is , are) a goldfish in the pon d. 16. There are many new words in this lesson.
. . -:~
20. There (is, are) man y new words in this lesson. ---- , -, \::-..: 17. There is a mouse in this room. _____(
21. There (is, are) a new student in our el as s. -.-. , -~ 18 . There is.one girl in our class.
22. Tnere (is, are) a visitar here for you . 19. There are man y exercises i·n this lesson.
20. There is a library in this building.
21. There are two telephones in the office.
22. There is a map in our c!assroom.
(

14 15
 There is, there are:
· question form
® A,an
A changes to an before any word beginning with a vowel sound. In sorne
. English words beginning with h, t.he h is not pronounced. An is used befo re
Forro the questions with there is and there are by placing the verb before these worcs.
there. a book an apple
Is there a ·clock on the wall? · a happy person an honest person
There is a dock on the wall.
( Are there four cups of coffee
There are four cups of coffee
on the table? Use a oran before the following words .
on the table.
?...,
Change to the question form. Write .the yerb and chere in the .blanks. l. New Yorker --' · easy exercise
2. an Englishman 24 . d ifficult exercise
Is there
l. There is a police officer on the corner . 3. German 25 . honest man
2. There are many studems in our class. 4. book 26. big house
( -
3. There is a typewriter in each class·. 5. apple 27. old .house
4. There is a window in each room. 6. student 28 . important lesson
( 5. There is a \etter here for you. 7. umbrella 29 . unimportant lesson
6. There are man y clouds in the sky toda y. 8. banana 30 . good lesson
(
7. There are severa! new words in this lesson. 9. oran ge 31. bad lesson
8. There is a libra.ry in this building. 10. horse 32. inceresting lesson
9. There is a world map in my classroom. 11. elephant 33 . unfair lesson
(
10. There are two telephones in the office. 12. egg 34. easy lesson
11. Th_ere is a mouse ·in the room. 13 . argument 35 . very easy lesson
( 12. There are man y churches in this city. 14. monrh 36. late class
( 13 . There is a rug on the fioor. .15. hour 37. early class
14. There are many birds in the treé. 16. article 38. very early class
15 . There are severa! magazines on the table. 17. friend 39 . excellent teacher
16. There is a radio in every room . 18 . idea 40. ·c heap car
17. There is only one chair in the room . 19. house 41. expensive car - -- ·-·- ---····

18. There are only one two dishes on the table . 20 . car 42. nice meal
19 . There are many English classes in our school. 21. automobile 43 . English book
20. There are twelve months in a year. 22 . island 44. Frºench book
21. There is _o nly one persoó on the bus.
22. There are severa! pictures on the wall.

17

16
 ® This, that J these, those
(~.'JO
wi-\ - - - ~~
't
._
'

'JI>: -~
•
¡" -
~,--·
!!<
~ G General review 1

. In English chis and chat are used ooth as pronouns andas adjectives without ,~ ¡ A~ Select the correct form. Write your answers in the blanks.
any cbange in form. This indicates sornething is near us; that indicates it is
··~i .ii) l. Kenji (is, are) a good student. is
at a distance.

This cup is in front of me. That cup is on the other side of

·•~I~
'13 2. (This, These) books belong to He!en.
the table. .-i~ 3. Henry and she . (is, are) first cousins.
~-.j i&

•.
This i~ a crys~al vase. That is a plain glass vase. 4. He (have, has) many friends in our class.
The plural of this is chese; the plural of rhar is those. ~-.• •..i·-fA.·
.-.. 5. I (don't have, doesn't have) a good fountain pen.
,.;·11·· ·~
These cups are in front of me. Those cups are on the other side of ,, \ ~ · 6. John (speak, speaks) English well.
the table. 7. I (come, comes) to school by bus .
These are porcelain plates. Those are ironstone plates. • ' iD
. 1 .

-~ > \~
;.. 8. There are two (church, churches) on this street.
~-/· ~

•.
Change the italicized word or words to the plural form and write them and 9. In au~umn the (leafs, leaves) fa.ll from the trees .
the Yerb in the blanks. ·other changes in the rest of the sentence may be
.•,i,tt
10. (Tomatos, Tomatoes) are my favorite vegetable .
-~((t
necessary.
·- 11. (Do, Does) He len ha ve a new hat?
1. Thís book is new . These books are , -~ 12. The dog chases (its, it's) tail.
Those cars belong lllir-1. _·· ~
. ., ThacJar belongs to Mr. Gomez.
'!" . ~· 13. There (is, are) seven days in a week.
3. Thac man in the office is very competent. tlifi ¡a 14. There (isn 't , aren't) a windo 1s in the room.
~y '""-\:;!
4 . This apple is very good. 15 . This is (a, an) English book .
.éj :-~
5. This exercise is very difficult. ló. Mr. Smith is (a, an) old friend.
~
~:I
- ~.
~~
6. Thac pocketbook on the table belongs to Mary. 17. I spend (a, an) hour on my homework every day .
., : -~
7. This les son is very interesting.
8. This is an interesting lesson .r
9. Thar auromobiíe belongs to rny father.
•·
.,.\ -~
~
18 . (That, Those) magazines belong to Heleo.
19. Mr. Smith (teach, teaches) English and French .
20. Marie always (try, tries) to come to school on time .
10. T_hac is my father's car. ·; W.r -~ -- 21. You and George (is , are) good friends.
11. Thar window over there is open.
61- ' -~ 22. Grace and Carmen (has , have) many friends i·n this
12 . Thar is the office of the vice president. school.
a=¡,_ . ; A
----.:J' ('~"'J 23. There (is, are) nobody in the office.
13. This !ercer is for you.
14. That lecrer is for tvfr. Levine.
t} ~ 24. This is (a, an) difficult exercise .
t) -~ 25 . He is (a, an) honest man.
15. Tha{ house ne ar the comer. is ver'j old.
16 . This umbrella belongs to Adela. -e-: o i

17 . This exercise is very easy for me. ~ ;-o

~ ¡
18. This is an easy exercise for me .
., l
ftr_; ..
"'-
19. Thac is my hat. ...?i:l ~
~!'{~
20 . Thac hac belongs to me.
tJ3:'. 19
· ~ lo
~•
18
·.

1.

.a:l' • -
 ®
~,

O:le.__
lmperative form
Tbe imperative forro is used for a command or request. The subject you is
understood but not expressed.
(,(~
·~"l*
~r·
®Subject
I
Object pronouns 1
Object
me
Subject
we
Object

~t~
us
yo u yo u you yo u
Come before seven o'clock. (You) come befare seven o'clock.
·- Wait forme here. (You) wait forme here. '1l! he
she
him
her
they them

The negative of the imperative uses don' t. ~ r~ it it

Don't stand out in the rain. . Don't eat between rneals. •- r~ Object pronouns are used as diret:t objects, indirect objects, and obj et:t5 of
We use please at the beginning or end of irnperatives to make thern more ~··:: ~ prepositions.

fJ· : ·~
' 1

poli te. I know her very well.

( .-. She gives us a lot of help .
Please sit down. Wait for me here , please. fJl ·~ They gave ir ro him .

Chan'ge these' impera ti ve sentences to the negative form.

~: ·-::~
·· ',\~ f
Select the correct form. Write :r·our answer in the blanks.
l. Write your exercises in pencil. Don "t wrire
Q: ¡q~ l. I see (he, him) on the bus e1:ery day . him
2. Come back at two o'clock.
!@-~·(~ 2. He sits near (I, me) in class .
3. Sit in that chair.
a~L :. --~. 3. I go with (she, her) to the movies very often.
4. Open the window. V' ·._ 4. We often see (they, them) at school.
\~
5. Close the door. r@ · \~
e.
5. I like (she, her) very much .
6. Ask Mr. Oguri to come in.
~ 6. I know both (he, him) and his brother very well.
7. Take the next bus.
·@ ·~ 7 . He sits near (we. us) ar the lesson .
8. Wai! on that comer.
9. Put your books there on that chair.
·e.-~( 1
8. Don't speak to (they, themJ in Spanish.
1@ ; ~ 9. I often go wirh (rhey, them) to the movies.
l 10. Hang your coat on that chair.
l
e v;' -(~ 10 . He often helps (I, me) wirh my !essons.
11. Study the next lesson.
IJ- 1
-~ 11. She writes many letters to (he, him).
12. Write ali the exercises in this lesson. ·
12. Don't lend money to (she . her).
( 13. Help John with his lesson . Í} : \~ 13 . Mr. Prins teaches (we, us) English.
14. Speak Spanish in the lesson. ______fJ-': (D -----
' ~
14. He gives many presents to (she, her).
15. Use the new words in this lesson.
.'-!f ·.~.

:I:
15. Please explain this exercise ro (me, I).
• I •
16. Give this to Mr'. Smith.
17 . Sit in the sun.
18. Drive fast.
~~: ~::~; :~v:i::i~t~::~ ::e~h;~~ :e:.movie tonight.
19. Tell Valentina to wait for us.
· ·"
. - '~. : .·.·l • .· 18 . The teacher always explains the lesson to (we, us).
~ .lc. .<¡·_·. •.'.~- -
1
"L.:
, •. ' 19. He wants to talk with (me. I).
20. Look out the window . ~ 20. I like (they, them) very rnuch .

21. He seldom speaks to (us, we).

20
, \ ~·A . 21
 . (_ 1

@
~' -\\ -~
~
w-r i~

- r~ J_i ~ -
Object pronouns 2 •• (~~ -
-~ ,· --~
(--~ _!-_~
1 -~-- ¡
f t;;\
, V
Vocabulary review:-
days, monthsl seasons
·~
· ¡-'\. \Y'

Change the italicize<l word or words to the correct objed pronouns. ,~,.:~· The days of the week are Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thurs:
~1· · \~ ~, day, Friday, and Saturday. ·
him
.l. I see John on tne bus every morning.
~¡ - ~
2. I often go -to the movies with Mary :
~¡ ~ The months of the year are January, February, March, April, May, June,
July, August, September, October, No.vember, and December.
3. I like Nelson and Henry very much . A --il 1lbl.
'1111:1'
_1 ~'1
4. He never speaks to Mary and me. ! _ __¡

5. I also like Mary and Helen very much.

O_
I
"::¡·~
,
The four seasons of the year are spring, summer, autumn (fall), and winter.

e? - -~ Write the correct answers in the blanks.

6. She write·s many lctters to her sister.
. -1
A:.---:. ~
7. I sir near Max and his brocher. ~ f ·~"? l. The first month of the year is _ _ __ _January
8. I see Helen in the cafetería every day. ft-." : , Jl_~-­
..,f ! ~- 2. The second month of the year is _ _ __
9. I understand rr.y reacher, Mr. Chandra, very well . e ~ 3. The third monrh of the year is _ _ __
10. He gives his sor. much money.
e \~ 4. The last month of the year is _ _ __

•.
11. She always speús to her daughrer in Spanish.
e :._·,1) 5. The month of June comes befare the month
of _ _ _ _~
U.. He sends his si.srer and you many presents .
~~- 1 -- ::Q ')

13. John writes many letters to his aunr. ~: "~ 6. The month of Septemb-er comes befare the month ~
of _ _ _ __
14 . I write many le~ters to my uncle. ~
i
7. The monrh of May comes after the monrh
15. I sit near Mary an.d Helen at the lesson .
16. Heleo sits near Franco and George.
-~
fi
W/
-~
'\<'.fJI
of _ _ __

8 . The month of August comes after the month

17. She says that she sees you and Karen on the bus_every e: .-() of _ _ __
morning.
·¡ ~ 9. In the United States, e!ections take place duting the
month of _ _ __
18. I often see chose boys in the cafetería .
e-:~
19. I lénow both Henry and his brorher very well. 10. In the U nited Sta tes , the weather during the months ·of
20 . All the girls like cheir teacher, Ms. Lee, very well. •1 -~ July and August is generally very - - - -

.
21. I often go to the movies with my parents. C} <¡:~ 11. In the United States , the weather during the months of
January and February is generally - - - -

- -- · ·- _ I:~~ 12. The first day of the week is _ _ __

13. The second day of rhe \Veek is _ _ __

..
tJ
4}- ~

-~

~ J)
-~
-~
·-
~ 14 . The last day of the week is _ _ __
15. Monda y comes befo re _ _ __
16. Thursday comes befare _ _ __
17. Wednesday comes after _ _ __

~ 1-U
~' \~.,
22
-\ '(,~ 23
fl..::-:
~- ~
:?
...~t~lt- ~
 . •., .·,@
t~®
(

To be: .past tense

~·~ .l _1~8"'
~
,.. ·@ !
r!

25 Regular verbs: past tense

I was we were · :·¡@ · .1 The past tense of regular verbs is formed by adding ed to the simple form.
you were
he was
you were
they were
e:;-18 of the verb.

1}:·· ?8 work-worked
she was
',I
it was Notíce the forrnation of the past tense with these regular verbs."
~-~

--~·
live-lived study-studied
Change to the "past tense; write the correct form of the verb in the bl~nks.
~: .· ·~ When the simple form of the verb ·ends in y preceded by a consonant, the
was
l. He is a good student. y is changed to i befare adding ed.
2. I am also a good student.
3. John is in my class.
·- -~
~-· ~
study-studied marry-married
Compare with a similar change in the third per.son singular of the present
4. We are good friends. I}: ;\ ~ tense.
5. Heien and Roger are in the sarne class . & ' ·-tA

6. The door is open.

7. The windows and doors are open.
.,:rf9
W9-~

._,\,--.
1 ~~
. ..
study-studies marry-marries

Change the verb of each sentence to the past tense.

8. Th~ book is on the table. ¡
walked
9. f am very hungry.
. :.-,\8 l. We always walk to school.
2. He arrives at school on time every day.
10. Mary and J ennifer are students.
11. Ms. Lopez is our teacher. ·· ~
IM!.
~
~
3. Our Iesson ends ar two o'clock.
4. He lives in tv1iami.

.•. l•.
•· · ·'8
~
12. .This is an easy exercise.
5. They study in our class .
13. The weather is good.

.--.1.
6. We finish our lessons at three o'clock.
14. Both doors are closed.
7. I like chess a lot.
15. This lesson is easy.
-~~ 8. Helen answers all of the teacher's questions.
16. You and Eleni are good friends.
9. We walk through the park every rnorning.
17. Yoshiko and I are also good friends.
10. The dog follows the boy everywhere.
18. Y ou are a good student. ~-.13
11. I need a new book.
19. There is sorne o ne at the door. er ·~~ 12. We always wait for her on this comer.·-- -
-- 20. There are rnany students in our class. e:,· · 13. He wants a new car.
21. There is a magazine on this desk.
• ¡= ~e
1
14. We learn rnany new words in this ciass.
11& ' ?3
'~j \ __
15. I use my new fountain pen in every class.
16. We listen to the radio every night.
~l~
!i :o 17. My parents watch television every night.

~ .1'
,9

·•
24 25

r <O
 8·
JlSI 1 ""="

·a \ ~1i) _
~ (:;:;\
Pronunciation of ed 1
:~: :.·: :~ 0!J Irregular- verbs: _
past tense 1
(

~. :;ta.
. .~::
If the simple form of a verb ends in t or d, the ed in the pq.st tense is ~ . - -~

pronounced as a separate syllable. Man y verbs in English ·ha ve spedal past tense forms. Study and memorize
~ 1 1) these verbs. They are the same in all three persons, both singular and plural.
count-<:ount-ed need-need-ed ' ~
~ _-.($ buy bought get got sit sat
(
lf the simple form does not end in t or d, then the ed in the past tense is come carne
not pronounced as a separate syllable. lt takes the sourid of d or l. . ! i$ have (has) had spin spun

•••-e ; drink drank put put speak spoke

eat ate read read write wrote
show-showed (pronounced d) walk-walked (pronounced r) (
I sat we sar

.,.
•• ~~
Pronounce the following past tense forms. Then write the number 1 or 2 to you sat you sat
~ . ·X:
show whether the word is pronounced as a word of one syllable or as a he sat they sat
word of two syllables. she sat
it sat
l. ended 2 21. mended
2. ñlled 1 22. picked ~· ~ Change the following sentences to the past tense.

..
(.
3. counted 23. parted ~~~
~ : -~
(
1. She writes many Ietters. wrote

·-' ~
4 . rented 24. looked 2. He buys rnany books .
5. needed 25. lived .e
~ ,.,3. . I read the New York Times .
-~/ .
6. shov.·ed 26. liked \
~~ 4. -She drinks milk with her meals.

..\".
7. planted 27. lasted 5. He has many friends.
8. worked 28. closed -~
e ·~
'1 ·-
6. Sonia sits in this seat.
(

(
9. washed 29. changed 7. He eats lunch in the cafeteria:
10. wanted 30. landed -~ (
1
8-. I get up early.
.~

.\
11. waited .31. used (
l
9. He speaks English well.
12. walked 32. mailed (
'1 ~. 10. He puts his books on this table.
13. stopped 33 . handed ·~

--- - -.·
~~
11. She comes to school bv bus. J
(
14. spelled 34. crossed
-
__ , I~

12. They have a new car.

15. smoked 35. pulled !
y,.,. She and Tomiko drink corree for lunch.
16. fainted 36. earned . ·' ~ 14. I always sit near the window .
17. pointed
18. asked
19. danced
20 . talked
37. painted
38. boiled
39. burned
40. touched
.•.
-, ·
.

.-=:. ~
(

i
'.~
~
-....;:

~
~
15. They speak Spanish.
16. He gets up at ten o'clock.
17. We eat dinner at home.
18. The washing machine spins the clothes dry.
19. I buy all my books in the school bookstore.
(

26
e:;

_
..
..
.;! ~
/ ¡

··~-r~.
_./ ;

...:...,. ,_ ~
·~
~
~ 20. We write our exercises in ink.

'\

\
27
 Vocabulary" .review: Vocabulary .review:
mistakes of f act 1 opposites ·1

The items in qoldface are mistakes. Change them to make the facts correct,
(~ , 6 Write the opposites of the following words.
- and write your answers in the blanks. · : ~-8 l. tall shon
24. bad

' ·~·
l. The firsr month of the year is February. January
2. high 25. bring
2. The last month of the year is November. ! .;.·~
tl 3. m 26. down
3. The nexr to the last month of the year is October. 1tf ·~ · 4. goo d 27. asleep
4. September comes after October. , . 1' 5. yes 28. out
5. July comes before June. 6. present
'ff ·~ 29. no
6. There are eight days in a week. 7. up 30. true
7. The first day of the week is Tuesday.
·f }'8 8. black 31. absenr
8. The Iast day of the week is Friday. f)' i~
9. man y
( 32. white
. 9. Monday comes after Tuesday. .
..,,_,_\ \~
"-. .
10 . befo re 33. few
10. Friday comes before Thursday. ah·
~¡
~
~- ll. e as y 34. after
11. The month of February usually has twen~y-nine days . ~· ·~. 12. push 35 . difficult
:1

.
12. The four se aso ns of the ye ar are spring, summer, au- 13. hor
turnn, and Christmas. •9 14. first
36 . pul!

· · ~:~
37. cold
13. In the United States, spring begins on June 21.
15 . big 38 . cool
14. In the United States, summer begins on March 21.
(
.16. cheap 39. sir
15. The pasr tense of the irregular verb to sit is set. ·~~ .
17. sweet 40. last
16. The past tense of the verb ro buy is buyed.
ff' ·~ 18 . early 41. little
( 17. The plural form of the word child is childs.
.f}'; ~ 19 . warm 42. expensive
18. The plural form of the word woman is womans.
e:~ · ~~ 20. soft 43. sour
19. There ~re fifty seconds in a minute.
:é, . -21. day 44. night
20. There are seventy minutes in an hour.
22. sell 45. swp
21. The opposite of tal! is big. ?'""
_..)_ thick 46. buy

'
28 29 i:

11
'•
L
 ® Prepositions 1
· \~
&
~
~--
~-\.~

~ - ·-\Q

~- -:.,.p
._, ~
<~.
!
-'
@ G~neral ·review 2

Write the correct prepositions in the blanks. .-¿f];¡

1
~
tJ
.l - .
-,~.;
Select the correct form. Write your answers in the blanks.

e -~
l. People see their eyes. 'l!lith l. William and Mary (is, are) good friends. are
I
2. I a!ways eat the cafetería. ~ ~ 2. Helen (was, were) absent from class yesterday .
W! \U
..

3 . January comes February . 3. John (speak, speaks) English well.

e -~ í ..

.
4 . Every morning I leave home eight o'clock. 4. Yesterday morning I (get, got) up very late.
5. Sometimes I walk work .
· ·~ 1; -
5 . I often see (they, them) in the cafeteria.
6 . I write all the new words my notebook. ' q~
-~
6. Don't lend money to (she, her) .
1. I like to travel plane . 7. Tliere (isn't, aren't) one window in the room .
8 . What is the opposite the word pul!? o·· \~ 8. I spend (a, an) hou r on my home work every day .
9. I arrive work at nine o'clock. e· -~ 9 ._ John sat down and (puts, put) his feet up on a chair.
10 . How many months are there a year? @ \!,~ 10. There (was, were) nobody in the office.
11. January is the first month the year.
e,\(~ 11. (Does, Do) she ha ve man y friends in the class:
12 . I was late _ _ __ class yesterday. 12 . He teaches (we , us) English.
~:

13 . I always eat _ _ __ the cafeteria .

·e·' ;·i r~
·- 13 . Both doors (were, was) closed .
14 . Ther~~ ª large map
15 . She explained everything
16. April comes
17. I spoke
18. John put the letter
lvfarch.
the wall.

Carmen about that matter.

me.

an envelope.
.
~ i~

~- i\~
i 1

.IÍRti.:: . .cJJt.
~
'Í
\ C~

,\~

; ·, ··.iDll.
;! . \\\.. V
14. Last night we stayed at home and (watch , watche d)
television .
15. John was absent (iri, from) the lesson yesterdc.y .
16 . They (studies. study) English every day.
17. How many English books (does, ,do) you ha\·e?
: .....

19 . I get up seven o'clock every morning . 18. (Was, Were) you at the lesson yesterday?

20. They always come to school bus. " 19 . He is (a, an) very old man .

21. I put the letter the mailbox. 20. Is John (a, an) excellent athlete?

22 . Yesterday Andy paid my fare _ _ __
23. I had only a sandwich
24. Don 't write your exercises
2i. My father usually (get., gets) up early eve ry morning .
the bus .
22. What color (is. are) your shoes?
lunch .
23 . She is (a, an) honest woman .
pencil.
24. Last night we (eat , ate) dinner at home .

f'.
30 31

,,,!
 0 ®.
~

ad~
.':'' · ~(---
e-~• Review: past tense 2
Review: past tense 1
~:I ,~
Change the following verbs to the past tense.
e.:
! ;
·8 Change the following verbs to the present tense.
e~; -'8
l. He often carne to see us. comes
l. We walk through the park every day. walked ~ .- ~
2. He is a good student. 1 2. They had many friends in our class.
~·~ 3. I bought all my books in the school bookstore .
3. He drinks coffee with all his meals.
4. They come to school by bus. -! ~ 4. They usually spoke English with us.

5. He needs a new suit.

,. , ·~ 6. We always ate lunch in the cafetería.
6. He talks to us in English. , . :8 7. They were good studems.
7. We are good friends. f)' ,1--{t 8. She was my teacher.
8. He has rnany friends here. t). ·~ 9. I waited on the comer for them.
9. They have a new car. 10. He asked us for directions.
CJ·~ 1{ft
10. He speaks Spanish welL 11. I got up ver¡ early.
~.\: ~ 12. She wrote many letters to me .
11. She and I are students in the same class. • ¡

12. He reads the newspaper at breakfast. • ·! lt 13. He put his books on this desk.
13. I buy all rny clothes in that swre. 4): ~ 14. He needed more lessons.
14. He smokes a lot. • tt 15. The bus stopped on this comer.

15. We learn many new words. ~~ 16. We were very busy.

17. He liked to swim.
·~
16. The teacher asks us rnany questions.
17. Our lesson ends .at t~o o'clock. 18. She wanted to learn English.
--~ 19. · It was an easy exercise.

•·"
18 . The weather is good.
20. There were many studems absent.

.
19. Both windows are closed. i
20. There is nobody at home.
··1.19 21. They carne to school on time.

21. He follows his brother everywhere.

fjr. ~
. . '\~

-· .
_ _• .\lit

.. :-.
-~
.~

··¡·~
-~

32 •·!l-8 33

•·i·•
arrl~rsa
..,,..,-¡ ·~
 •'- ~ ·
.·

§
_. ~-

®
A ~
Auxiliary verbs:
~ -·¡,~
Auxiliary verbs:
negative form ~ .-:.@ question form
~ - :8 Ter forro a question with an auxi1iary verb, place the auxiliary verb befare
Verbs like can, may, should, and must are auxiliary verbs. We form the ~- -Q
~-- ~ . .. Ji~ the subject.
negative of an auxiliary Yerb by placing not after it. Can + nor is a special
case. It is always written as one word. ~.--@ We can speak several languages. Can we speak severa! languages?
They may go \\-üh you . May they go with you?
You mus! go there early. Y ou must not go there earl y. a- ~
We can speak English . W e cannot speak English. !
~ ·~
~ ~ Change to the question form. \\'rite the complete verb and subject in the
~ -··· ~ blanks.
Change to the negative form. Write the complete verb in the blanks. ~r · -~

l. She should work late . should noc work

tjj, ·~ l. She can speak French we!l. Can she soeak

2. He should speak Spanish in this class. e i~ 2. He should wait on thar comer.

3. You may smoke here . fjl. -~

3. They may smoke here .

4. They may be very busy . 4. Sam can meet you at two o·clock.
@>
1 ;
\1a
...
5. He must see her. 5. He must go out of town .
~--.j
w-i1 F'i;'W
.·''*-
6. l can telephone him le.ter. l '1 ; 6. She should tell Helen abol! t it.

7. You should tell her al! about it.

e-
1 .
i-T~ 1 -
7. She can go with us tonight.

8 . She must go today. e- : • 8. He may wait in Mr . Smirh ·s office. (

.. ~ 9. We must explain it to him .

.
9. She can play the piano well. (

10. You may open the ·window. • . ·qo 10. Toby may wail in his offi.ce .
(
11. They may sir here.
~·
11. They may be back befare noon .
12 . He can do all of these exercises well. 1 12. You should sray at home .
~
13. Anuro may go to the pany with us. f 13. He can meet us afÍer dinner- .
·_· .t Ta
\~
• 14 . He can S\v·im very well. (
14. You may wait here. '( .
• i i \~ 15 . You must write him a \ener. (
15 . They can meet us la ter.
e-1• 'f~
1

16. He should sit near the window . - 16. She can attend class tomorrow.
4fiff,· .·· ~~~
-~
.... 17 . He can play the violín we lL
17. We must tell John about i"t. ~ .
1
18. He can go .with us to the movies. :_ _____~.:..\ ~:~ 18. They can speak Spanish wcll. _ _____ ___(

19. You may sir here beside John.

20. We must do that again . ·-·~~
f'18
19 . Ricardo can understand everything he says.
20. She can do all these exercises well.
(

~~
(
J ~ (

,, 3 (

~•
'
. (
l
34
tt• 35
I

" ~fii )
 .
tfl\ ( :~~
,. (~ Simple present t~nse:
s.imple present tense:
negative form -~
To forro the negative of the simple present tense, place do not or does not
before the verb. We normally use the contracted forms don 'r and doesn't.
,,_
Q_
\

e®
é.
.t~

(~

_6@
0 · question form 1
. sin the simple present tense
Forro ques t ion
subject.
by placing do or does before the .

I do not drive. (I don't drive.) We do not drive. Do we work?

1 -·
Do 1 work?
-~
You do not drive. (You don't drive.) (We don 't drive.) Do xou work?
Do you work?
He does not drive. (He doesn't drive.) You do not drive. Do they work?
-~
Does he work?
She does not drive. (She doesn't drive.) (You don't drive.) .!
Does she work?
It does not drive. (It doesn't drive.) They do not drive. ,,! ~
Does it work?
(They don't drive.)
@r ' ~ - . W "te the complete ver b
and subject.
Note that after does not ( doesn't), the verb does not ha ve the s of the third hange to the quest10n forro. n
C
person singular affirmative statement. 91 ~ _. Does he come

l. He comes to school by bus.

tl ;:Y~
Change to the negativ~ form. Write both the full form and the contracted 1 . 2. They speak Spanish well.
forrn. • ,\ :1 ' 3. He gets up early every morning.
does noc scudy doesn't study
"1·\'. ',~,
\ ' -&,'\
- d.
4 . The Browns eat mner a
t hom"
.. .
l. He smdies in our class. \ : - -
e:-\ - ~ 5. They like Me xi can food.
2. They go to the movies every night.

••
\
·"~
( 3. She comes to school by bus. 6. He wants more time.
take home exarn.
4. I know hirn very. well. -tl, í. The students pre f er a . -

(
5. It rains very often during the rnonth of
April.
6. The dog runs after the cat.
••
'

e
(
-~

~
8. He talks to us in English.
9. They live near the comer.
.
.
t work ever; dav.
10. He takes h1s car o . .
. -~
7. Our class begins at eight o'clock. •~ 11. J
ohn smokes too much.
8. It ends at ten o'clock.
12. She dances well.
9. The buses stop on this comer.
13 . They know him very well.
10. We write many letters. You understand everything he says.
14.
11. She speaks English well. They get up early every morning ..
15.
12. Yo u walk to work every day . e reads a lot of computer magannes.
16. H
13. They like to study English. 17. We want a new car.
14. Helen lives in Chicago. 18. They come to class early.
15. He works on Sunday. . late 1~or appointrnents.
l9. Mary arnves
d · ng this month.
16. I go tO school ·by bus. 20. lt rains very o ft en un
17. I arrive at school on time. 21. He eats lunch in the cafeteria.
18. We need more practice in English. 22. They sell newspapers there.
19. I understand him very well.
20. She ge.ts·up early every rnorning.
37
36

:._.:¡.,,:
 ' a'-~
· ~ ·; l\~i
1 --

e
!

...... ---lil.
; é. :
(:;;;\To be:
\.:::J .past tense, negative form
, ... -~ ·
; 1 ..
Simple present tense: . ~ ! .-,.4 ·
!~ ( .::.W'
question form 2
~
.
l! -=O- To form the negative of to be in the past tense, place not after the verb .
Do or does is u.sed with question words like why, where, when, what rime, ; . ¡;;~¡ Notice how the . contractions are fonned.
how, and how much.
Where does Joseph live?
When do you leave for vacation? .•
; ~ ~~
, - / ~~.·
1 ~
I was not there. (I wasn't there.)
You were not there . (You weren't there.)
He was not there . (He wasn't there.)
We were not there .
(W.e weren't there.)
You were not there .
How much does it c.:ost?
.,, _:. ,
. ~-::a
' ~
. -·
She was not there. (She wasn't there.)
(You weren ' t there.)
They were not there .

.
Whac time do you have? It was not there. (It wasn't there.)
(They weren't there.)

~:-. -·
W rite do or do es in the blanks.
(
Change to the negative forrn. Use the contractions wasn 't and weren't.
do es ' ~;; ~;---A
1. Where Helen work? - ~ · : ~?
wasn't
2. Where you live? a.
~--
-ia
·: -'- ~ l. John was in rny class .
3. What time your lesson begin? 2. We were very good friends.
¡t\·: ·c·
4 . What time you arrive at school every day? 3_ The door was open.
S. How well Mohammed speak Englísh?
· 1 -r(t 4 . The lesson was easy .
: ~.· · ~-~
6. When the next train arri\'e? ~r ~ 5. You and George were at the meeting .
7 . Why ~ ~ 6. There were many students absent from class .

•· ~
they work so hard?
8. What time you get up e\'ery morning? 7. There was a magazine on the desk .
9. Where John eat lunch e\·ery day? • ·- it 8. \Ve were in the same class.
10. How rnuch
11 . When
'i
12. How often
it cost to go to Chicago by plane? _
Mr. Pelli and Joe expect to return?
it rain during the month of April?
· ---
~--4t
9. They were cousins.
10. The doors were closed .
11. I was very h ungry.
13. Where you eat dinner e\·ery night? ·-- ~ 12. Ms. Rosas was our teacher.
14. Why
15. Where
John walk to school alone eYery day?
he go after the lesson?
· · <~
éíill \
W$'"'
-'íA
~
13. The weather was very good .
14. They were Mexicans .
16. Where Mercedes and her sister live? • • í~ 15 . She was a good companion .
17. How often

19. How
you go to the movies?
18. \Vhat language besides English
speak?
yo u f eel toda y?
your teacher
--- _ff_\ ~
..
- ~ :·"~
1/1,iJf;_ -
.,-
~i
··i
~
-;a
\~
··-
;A
16. It was a very nice day .
17. They were in Europe all summer.
18. I was busy yesterday.
19 . He was a tall man.
~ ··i t~
20 . What time you go to bed every night? _;: l .· 20. We were dead tired.
~ ;a
..,,,- ! )~
21. Why Helen want to learn English? ~- l .- 21. It was a very cold day .
22. How many hours you sleep every night? tffl ~ 22. There were many new words in the lesson.
~,J .
Yl ·-·-
~' -
39
01
38 ~,-.;·
~l·\-A
~~
.!}-1~ ./
 ®
t•-1 1 \Jf
· .e . ~ . 1@t." ·
j:\ff. Past tense : negative form
To be:
-~,'~'tt
past tense, quBstion form
To forrri questions in the past tense of ro be, place the verb before the
. :1- ~ To form the negative past tense of ali verbs (except to be), place did nol
befare the simple forrn of the verb. The auxiliary d.id is the same for al!
subject. In there and ro be sentences, place the verb before rhere. ·:•~-1·~
1 '
persons in the past tense. The contraction didn 't is generally used.

· ~ . --~ I <lid not stop . (I didn't stop .) We did not stop .

Y ou were in Europe last ye ar. Were you in Europe last year?
You did not stop. (You didn't stop.) (We didn't stop.)
It was a good mo\·ie. Was ita good mo\'ie? ~:~
,. ' He did not stop. (He didn 't stop .) You did not stop.
There was pie for dessert . W as there pie for dessert?
~: ~ She díd not stop. (She didn ' t stop .) (You didn't stop.)
Change to questions by placing the verb before the subject or rhere. @ ¡·~ It did not stop . (It didn't stop.) They did not stop .
(They didn't stop .)
1. He was an old friend. Was he
· ·i, -~ Change to the negative forrn. Write the complete verb and subject in the
2 . They were busy all day iong. • -18 blanks. Use the contracted forr.1 of the auxiliary.
3. He was a very intelligent person. f;1~ He didn't speak
l. He spoke to me about it yesterday.
4. There were man: students absent from the lesson. 'f> '({t
2 . She carne to the lesson on time .
5. The windows werc open . - ~\.~
3. We ate lunch in the cafeteria.
6. The door was closed.
' e-. \ -~ 4. I bought all my books in the bookstore.
7. They were in Euro pe ali summer. i
·t) ·~ 5. The child drank all the milk.
8. There was a book on the t~ble . ,.,_ ~
6. She wanted new glasses.
9. We were both deé.d tired.
7. He needed more lessons.
10. They are both 1\orth Americans. t} ~
8. I waited for you on the comer .
·•>
...
11. We were in the a:my together.
'f© 9. He read the newspaper this morning.
12. The lesson was e2.sy.
~ 10. We watched television last night.
13. The teacher was very angry .
14 . He and she were tennis partners. ·~· -~ 11. He had man y friends in the class.
@,' ·~ 12 . He liked French mov ies.
15. The exercises were difficult.
f}. \~ 13. She put all her books on the table .

.•
16. The woman was e:. stranger to me .
17 - There was a lene;- for you on the table. ~\ '·~~ 14 . I got up earl y this morning .
15 . John carne with me to the lesson.
---~-- \~
-·· - --- --·-
18. It was a small dar:.,: object.
16. He asked me severa! questions about it.
19. ·There were many dark clouds in the sky. . ~
17. We learned many new words yesterday .
20. There was a large rug on the fioor.
~~ 18 . I wrote a letter to my sister.
21. Angela was angry with him .
22 . You were late for your lesson this morning . -~ 19 . The bus stopped on this comer.

. e:-: ~
•=·:'{)-~
• l8
'~ ¡
l l
--=
20. We ate dinner ar home.
21. She sat beside me on the bus .
22. She got very sick during the lesson .
41

~I~
40

•1 t9
& .. ~
@ Past tense: question form \(
~~-
...--..-Y
• .

tf!§;i;,1 ·
-~+·--\\'~
1 . .,

~ : - -~fl
!
ym,
1
.r~~
·~
·- 1 .

® Prepositions 2

Forro the past tense question by placing did before the subjed and by é,l-. --~ Write the correct prepositions in the blank.s.

changing the verb to its simple form. ¡~. · _;'ÉFA to

"7
1 ' ·-\~
.
1. Sometimes I walk _ _ _ __ school.
Did I go ho_me? Did we go home? ~ .,- ~ 2 . Do you take sugar _ _ _ __ your coffee?

.
( -
Did you go home? Did you go home?

·-; ·~
3. The train for Chicago leaves _ _ __ three o'clock.
Did he go home? Did they go home? ! .· ¡ · • .-

4. It arrives Chicago at ten o'clock.

Did she go home? ~
1 ..
Did it go home? S. What did you have lunch?
~ I ··~
6. Our class begins nine o'clock.
Change to the question forro. \Vrite the complete verb and subject in the .~

blanks.
Did he speak
¡;,;;
/
7. I thanked him
8 . I spoke to him
the information.
the phone yesterday.
l. He spoke to me about it yesterday. é : !f~ 9. Tell me ali your trip to Washington.

.
1. >
2. She waited for us on the corner. Qt;,·1·rta
_ _
11W' ·:\\.._~ 10. The teacher stands the ctass.
3. They wrote him Sc\eral leners.
~\ :'!~ 11. There is a map on the wall just _ _ __ the teach-
4 . The bus stopped on this corner. er's desk .
; )~
5. They had dinner with us last night. 12. February comes i\farch .

•.
(.

6. She wanted to go wüh us. - ;~ 13. July comes June .

7. He preferred to stay at home.
8. Monica knew him very well.
-~
,·~
14 . Tall is the opposite
15. They live in rhat house
shorc.
the comer.
i -

9. You got up very early this morning. • ·1 ) 16. I was late my lesson this morning.
10. They carne to school by bus. 17. John was absent class yesterday.
11. Julio read about the accident in the newspaper last night. -~ 18. He put the starnp the envelope.
tJ: '~
12. They lived near us.
13. She spoke to them in Spanish.
14 . We talked together· for a long time.
i"S. He bought his car in Europe .
.•
•

•Y
1

•Re • :::~
:

í ,-t~

,.~
.

.'-~
19. I like to travel

21. He asked me
22.- She asked me all _ _ __
train.
20. She often goes to the movies _ _ __
a pencil.
us .

m y trip to Chicago .
16. She put on her hat and coat. ·;·'·:~ 23. How man y months are there a year?
17. -It rained very hard last night. il~ 24 . The dog jumped the fence.
18. He arrived late for the 1esson.
·~
19. She wrote hirn a lette :- from N ew York.
l~
20. \Ve ate dinner in a restaurant last night.
21. They sat near her at i::he play.
~
-~
22. The lesson ended at eight o'clock.
·: {)- 43

42 el. !l\
r_...,..
~
- i~ -. ~..
. '\.'Y.

, ,$
A!:;L.~ :J
 e ®
91 ~
\.

Irregular verbs: past tense 2 ··

···-'~-
·· Vocabulary review 1

•,.
,, _ ,~

Study and memorize the past tense forms of the following irregular verbs. e- -': e Select the correct ánswer and write it in the space provided .

go went see saw l. I see wíth my (ears, eyes, nose, mouth) . e yes
begin began
(it) costs cost he ar heard sel! sold
2. The past tense of the verb to feel is (fall, ful!, felt, feels).
fall
feel
fell
felt
know
lea ve
knew
left
stand
tell
stood
told ~ --·
~ ~ .
3. We buy stamps in a (restaur:ant, cafetería, post office,
ro de understand understood mailbox) .
give gave ride

.¡-..-
&. --.

·-
~ ~·
\
4. We pronounce the word comb to rhyme with (come,
Change the following sentences to the past tense. thumb, home, sorne).
went S. The next to the last month of the year is (January,
1. He goes to school by bus . February, November, December) .

"º
1

2. I hear someone in the next room.

\~ 6. The opposite of pur on is (put away, take off, stop,
3. She feels very well after her operation. -~\ . ~ begin).

.
~, , ·~
4. We ride the bus to work. 7. Which one of rhese past tense forms do we pronounce
as a word of only one syllable: counted, painced, walked,
5. I see him on the street. • .1··3 $ wamed?
6. The teacher tells us many interesting stories. \
-\~ · · 8. We hear wirh our (eyes, ears, hands, nose) .
7. Our lesson begins at eight o 'clock . 1

9. Which of these do you pay on the bus : bill. rent, fare,

8. I know him very well. · ·: lD tax?

... .\
\

9. The train leaves at ten o ' clock. ~~ 10. Which of these do you wear on your hands : tie, shirt.
10. This dress costs ten dollars. • 1
1D gloves. socks?
I 11. She gives me a lot of presents. ·~ 11. The opposite of push is (open, clase, put. puil) .

1 12. They sell man y different things in that store . . ]~ 12 . In the Lnited States, the y¡eather during the months of
January and February is (warm, cold, hot. rainy).

.
{ 13 . Our teacher stands in front of the class .
13. We pronounce the word these to rhyme with (this, nose,
14 . I understand him well.
~ :~ sneeze, police).
15 . We see him in the cafetería.
14. The opposite of cheap is (poor, expensive. rich, new) .
16. People fall on the broken stones. ~
15. Which lerter of the word answer is si lem (not pro-
17. He le aves home at eight o'clock . e 1.- q~ nounced)?
18. The movie begins at eight o'dock . -- -- • -· 1. -~ -· 16. Which letter of the word walk is silenr (not pro-
19. We go to the movies on Wednesday night. ºf)+ ~ nounced)?
20. She tells me the answers to ali the exercises .
21. We ride through the park on our bicydes .
22 . At the end of the school ye ar, l sell all my books.
•e -,
17. Which _one of these meals do we eat in the morning:
breakfasr, lunch, dinner, supper?

44
'•• 45
e
~ (
(;~ ·-·.ilt---

General review 3
~·
~·
:i'i8...
l .::·

® To have:
past tense, negative form

.•
•·
\l ;1!8. I
.e--}:i(t To form the negative of to have in the past tense, place did not before the
~. ,_:. simple form of the verb. The contractíon didr:.'t is generally used.
Select the correct form. Write your answers in the blanks.

1. (Did, Does) John go with you to the rnovie last night? Did · - -~
.__,(¡ ....
I had a good time.
· She had an accident.
I did noc ( didn'c) ha ve a good time.
She did nor ( didn'c) ha ve an accident.
2. Mary (get, gets) up every ruorning at seven o'clock. o.: -:9 ··~

••
( '
(
3. (This, These) books are new. Change the affirmative sentences to the negative forrn. Change the negative
sentences to the affirmative form. Use the negative contraction.
4. Do people (see, sees) with their eyes or with their eélrs? 1'

~ ' ·::&9

•••.•
5. What time (do, did) you get up this morning? 1. Helen had many friends in our class. didn"t have
~'i ·I·~
~ . ..,+A

•
6. Do you want (a, an) apple? 2. I didn't have a Sony TV befare this one. had
(
7. This is (a, an) hot day. i ' ""' 3. We. had three English teachers last year. (
8. She is (a, an) honest person. ~.\ 4. They had a new car.
\... -
(
-~. ! -~
.
9. Where (you went, did you go) yesterday after the 5. We had a good time at the party last night.
lesson? 6. I had an English lesson yesterday morning .
• .1il}
10. Mary likes (speak, to speak) English with the teacher.
,.h. ,--¡ta 7. They didn't have their vacation in June.

.
~ '' f9
11. How many books does Esther (have, has)? 8. Bill had a good time skiing. (
12. There (is, are) two men in Ms. Garcia's office. ~·~ 9. She had two dogs and a cat. (
13. Henry and Olga (was, were) not in class yesterday. ~ 10. We had many new words to learn today. (

14. I (eat, ate) lunch with Ali yesterday. e ·-e 1

11. Judith didn't have new glasses on.
15. Yesterday I (get, got) up at six o'clock. iJRt,, -·~
~
~ 12. You had new contact lenses.
16. How many days (is, are) there in a week? ~ ~

17. They (go, goes) to the movies almost every ·night.

18. I saw (she, her) in the cafetería yesterday.
¡; ; 13. We had our English class in Room 203.
14. I didn't have lunch in the cafetería today.
15. We had dinner in a restaurant last night.
(

(
~\ {~ /
19. She cannot (speak, to speak) English well. 16. I didn't have a bad cold .
• í~
20. I often meet (they, them) on the street. 17. Juan had a headache. (

.•
~"f.•'·· ~
~ ·\
.
·~ ~~->' -
21. They (do, does) not study in our class. 18. We had a nice vacation. (
~ , ~.A
22. Mr. and Mrs. Chin (wasn't, weren't) at the meeting last ---~ ''.'!9 19. They had man y friends in Pan ama.
night. --~ 20. That dog had a lot of fieas.
23. (Do, Did) you get to the class on time this morning?
24. I (come, carne) home very late last night.
.~ 21. The teacher didn't have a large class.
¡

~- ·~ 22. This book had international success.

~· ~

.)
,'·r'J,..-·
t / ,.
.; ~
---¡·

~'"·
¡( ¡
'
;

47
(.
46

~
i:c .J~e·
~~ ;{.
-
.-.. ' ~ -
. (\1

)
 ®
..... , .. ,..,..
(
To have: :,1:--
• .J.
Pronunciation of s
past tense, question form
To forrn the question of to1 have in the past tense, place did before the
subject. Tbe simple form of the verb follows the subject.
~r
~1·~ 1~
.• The letter s in English is sometimes pronounced like s and sometimes
like z.

/si fil

(
- We had enough time.
They had good grades.
Joan had a good job offer.
Did we have enough time?
Did they have good grades?
Did loan have a good job offer?
•" •
e,--J-.
class
bus
cost
do es
bus y
his
&-h; miss goes
(

@[:
'1
Change to the question forrn. Use did, the subjed, and the simple form of
to have. Practice listening to and pronouncing the different s sounds. Write s or z

~­
to show how the letter is pronounced.
Did he have
l. He had many friends here.
2. They had a good time at the dance last night. ~ rrae l. also 23. has

( 3. You had a good mea! in that restaurant. ~\T~ 2. bus y z 24. closed

( 4. She had two cousins in our schooL , -, 1~~ 3. this 25. dress
4. these 26 . e as y
S. The teacher had a good group of studems . ~t1:e S. those 27. pe ns
6 . You had a headache .
~-- 1·3e
7. We had our English class at ten o'clock: . ..l. -:e 6. was
7. class
28. e yes
29. books
i 1 .
8. She had lunch with He len yesterday.
9. They had a new television set.
,l:e 8. his 30. nos e

10. They had a very good time in Mexico last summer. 't~ 9. goes 31. knows

11. She had a bad cold. ~(=e 10. sorne 32. ten nis

12. Your father had a store in town . &· · ,~ 11. first 33. noise
12. cousin 34. bus

· · "·~
13. Be len had two brothers in the army.
13. tries 35. news
14. He had his vacation in June this year. 91 ''~
14. cats 36. house
15. Last ye ar, he had his vacation in August. ÍÍl ' e~ 15. movies 37. raise
16 . This room had a map on the wall before.
* :. ce 16 . case 38. peas

.....•.
17. The movie had a good ending.
--- ----•·· .ce 17. kiss 39. works
18. The child had both a cat and a dog.
19. We had our own business. -. ¡ce .~
18. plays
19. dogs
40. days
41. do es
20 . He had tlve dollars in his pocket.
20. puts 42. comes
; ~
1 ' 21. likes 43. eats
~ ~
22. brings 44. rose
·~~1 --
~~:i¡~
48
/
.~·e··•~L10· -·
¡
49

\ lJ.
1 ·' • - ¡·-"\.~
<'.7iA
\A ~t@
 8 Vocabulary review: ;
~
.- ,
/A·\! . ~,~
rY/I . 'V-
,e: ·e .,
,·
r
;
. .:-v&.
1 . e. Review: pers·onal pronouns
opposites 2
Write the opposites of the following words.
.¡L··
~" : -~

~ J -¡i'A
- ~ ¡· ~
Change the words in italics to the correct personal pronouns. Use !, you,
he, she, it, we, rhey, me, him, her, us, or them.

l. night day 25. big ~':': • l. The book is on the desk. It

'Y t ~
2. down up 26. good 2. Mr. Corre~ is in his office .

·( · :¡ ~
3. out 27. safe 3. John and his brother are in the cafetería.
4. rough 28. dirty
er :·i8 4. I saw Pamela yesterday.
5. dry 29. dark •. 1
5. Do you study with George?
6. false 30. late
'5)10 6. Yes, I study with George aTJ,d his sister.
~r~

...
7. last 31. empty 7. This book is new.
8. before ~·;··.~ 8. Those books are old .
32. summer
9. husband 33. fast ~\ 9. \Ve see Annette on the bus every morning .
10. bring 34. east e;:,·o 10. She has her lesson at one o'clock.
11. poor 35. north .iliF§; ,'; ~ 11. I put your hat and coal on the chair.
~ I ~
12. girl
13. sister
36. easy
37. sit
' :;-=• 12. I put you.r umbrella in the comer.
13. Alma and l like to study English.
14. soft 38. sour -~ 14 . I saw you and George on the bus this morning.
15. absent
16. woman
17. wet
18. rude
19. wife
39. young
40. present
41. dull
42. full
43. stand
.•.
e-~
-.¡

sr, -rÁ
~ ··
~
-~
·~
15 . The maid opened the door forme .
16 . He writes rnany letters
17. The wearher is very cold rnday.
to

18. He put his har on and len the room .·

19. His son and daughter live with hirn.
his son.

20. daughter 44. puU ~ 20. I know his son and daughcer very well.
~·
lt/Efn; ~~
21. black 45. buy 21. He always speaks to ¡\.-Jary and me in English.
B-~- '
.,,,.-- \~
~~~
22. sharp 46. near 22. Mary and l want to leam English well.
23. married - -
____.~,\ ·~
23. M ike is a good studen t.
47. loase
24. sad 48. inside ·---. ~-·~ 24. I like George very much.
)
•; i: -(a\.
~l-~
~1·
ff~1 ·~
-~·1 · ..
.· 51
·1·r:-'9
. ~f8
50
 @
,y :, \~

. ~ J:z~

®
~ 1 --
: r- ·. L:ma Future tense with will
Review: plural of nouns .-·~· 1·~,
4.} i·• To forrn the future tense, the auxiliary will is used with the simple form of
I
~;¡. the verb. The contracted forrn ('ll) is generally userl.
Write the plural forrn of tbe' following words.
@~·! ~ I will run . (I'll run.) We will run. (We'll run.)
1. toma to tornato~5
23 . leaf ~ - ·qM You will run. (You'll run.) You will run . (You'll run.)
~ ; '~.
He will run. (He'll run.) They will run. (They 'll run .)
2. dish 24. dress
~ r;@ She will run. (She'll run.)
3. child 25 . sister It will run. (It'll run .)
~-·' ~
~ -: ··~
4. city 26 . match 1
~ ... L
~
,
;I :.@... Change to the future tense. Write the complete verb. in the blanks.
5. book 27. lener
Al;.; : -~
.~
6. knife 28 . hat ~J. 1 ., l. He studies in this class. will study
i ; .
7. box 29. man ~~· r~ 2. She works in this office .
8. pota to 30. lunch @i. : ~e 3. You speak English well.
.í
9. class 31. foot e ·\:11 8 4. I come to the lesson on time.
·, [ .
10. bus 32 . roof 5. They walk w their work .
@•1 · ·~
11. street 33. echo 6. He brings his friends to the lesson .
12. exercise 34 . lady ·-· -¡~ 7. He opens the door for us.
13 . wish
14 . copy
15 . pen
16. key
17. church
35. mouse
36. wife
37. boy
38. monkey
.
e- : ·~
O- -~

... \'6
-~
8. He studies at the library .
9. She brings all her books to the lesson.
10. She plays the violin well.
11. We carry ali the small packages .
39. kiss
íJ ~ 12 . She speaks to us in English .
18. he ro
19. woman
40. fa ce
41. dog
6': i -~ 13. He writes a letter to his mother e';ery day.
14. I bring you many presents.
( ., . ' . -(~
20. piano 42. watch 15. She arrives at the lesson on time.
( 21. half 43 . tooth
df \ ·-;:{O 16. He has his lesson in this room.
( 22. brother 4.-r.
1 window
-•- · ~
____...
Q ¡;..- ..1 ~-~
, \~
t7 . They eat' all their meals in the cafoceria.
18. The train leaves at eight o'clock .

( -.--~·= -~ 19 . You like that teather very much .

20 . She teaches us English and mathematics.
lf ~
~-- !f)

~-
.~h•
~'1 ~-

~1 ~
. 1 .
~D.
53
52

·;i·
~· ·· \e
~
 ~ ,~i-
@ To be: future tense with will ril:,
D ' ' ·A

.,-, ·'~
@ Future tense:
negative form with will
The future tense of
used.
to be is will be. The contracted form (' l[) is generally e-,.,.
. . .1 , :.• .
Form the negative of the future tense by placing not after the auxiliary will ..
Notice how the contracted form in the negative is won'c in all three persons,
~
w. ~' \-i~!~
,,a
both singular and plural.
I will be (I'll be) we will be ( we '11 be) .. 1 .

you will be (you'll be)
he will be (he '11 be)
she will be (she'U be)
it will be (i t'll be)
you will be (you'll be) tl·:.·l !t -I will not rnove. (I won't move.) We will not move.
they will be ( they'll be)
e;"' :i .•: .· ·¡, You will not move. (You won't move.)
He will not rnove. (He won't rnove.)
(We won't move.)
You will not move.
~.·: ···
..,..,- 1 : She will not rnove. (She won 't move.) (You won't move.)
e: ; · ~
' 1

There will be is contracted there'll be. It will not move . (It won't move.) They will not move.
(They won't move .)
~: ~
Change to the future tense. Use only the contracted forrns.
;.;; Change to the negative form. Use only the contracted forms.
l. He is in the cafeteria.
2. They are on the second floor.
He"U be
._, -e l. He will see us at three o'clock . won"t se:

~ .1 '~
; :;
... 2. She will be back in an hour.
3. She is your new teacher.
3. He will be the besi: student in the class.
4. He is a good student.
Bir·h ~ 4. They will arrive Oíl the two o'c!oék train.
5. lt is on the desk. ~- ¡· ~~
5. She will meet us here.
6. I arn in the second class. 6 · ·Q 6. I will bring the medicine with me .
7. You are in Chicago. , , ~
7. He will wait for us Oíl the corner.
8. He is a big boy .
e· . ·~ 8. They will return next month.

•..
e
9. It is your room .
·~ 9. She will help us with the work.
10. We are very busy. 1

~ 10. I will leave at three o'clock.

11. You are the youngest winner of the prize.

•.
9: ~ 11. She will sign her name to the letter.
12. There is a table in the room .
13. She is very tired after each lesson. . ., ·'.~ 12. He will eat in the cafetería.
13. I will be able to meet you .
14. They are at home. -~
/
14. I will see you next \Vednesday .
15. It is very warrn during this season of the year. dl:; i
~
1p ·.· ·.
.:-\:~
15. She will~rite to you again.
16. He is out of town all week. _______ ar ·~
y/)·1 - ~ 16. He will be in Washington next week.
17. I am glad to know her. (
-·~· · ~
17. We will tell Sally about it.
18. She is a very intelligent child.
19. We are in the fust class. ·•· .;~
,A:. :-~
18. He will be interested in the news.
19; You will like that picture very much.

~.;
20. They are easy far her to rnake.
20. The weather will be warrn tomorrow.
( l

: ·o: rli 10
~.l. · ~
54
'I ·~'~ 55

¡.,
. •,i, ;·;''
¡.':
. ,e
.- g~
 ,~,' ~

~'1·•--,
Future tense:
question form wi-th will
Form yes-no questions in the future tense by placing wiUbefore the subject. .
The same order is used even ~ith question-word questions.
;1

·~r~
.. -~

·~~)~
·~-r~
® Review:
to be, present pastl future

Write the correct tense of to be in the blanks.

..•
~:¡-:O

~¡~
will I go will we go l. a. John in the cafeteria now. is
will you go will you go was
will he go ~.·
.. ,,..,. , b. John in the cafeteria yesterday.
will they go

;1: ~ c. John _ _ _ _ in the cafeteria tomorrow. will be

will she go
will it go 2. a. They in Mr. Srnith's office now.

••
What i:ime will you arrive? b. They in Mr. Smith's office yesterday.

••
How many will she buy?
When will I see you again? Who will they visit? c. They in (',fr. Smith's office tomorrow.
ln statements with there will be, rhere is treated like a subject. 3. a. She sick wdáy.
!

There will be a party next week. Will there be a party n;:xt week? 'CJJ:_ ¡ ;ft b. She sick yesrerday.
e 1·1lf) c. She sick wmorrow.
Change to the question forrn. \hite the complete verb and subject in the
11@ 4. a. We _ _ _ _ very busy today .
blanks. • t

.. .-·"
~ · . ¡[~. b. We very busy yesterday.
\1-'dJ ne return ~- · ~
1. He will return next week. c. We very busy wmorrow.
'
2. She will write a novel. S. a. He!en and Marc in this class now.
(

(
3. They will leave for California on Wednesday.
4. He will be out of town ali month.
5. He will study at the University of Miami.
6. We will have our lesson at rwo o'clock.
7. He will pay $2,000 for the car.
.
-~
~
• :s
(
b. He len and Marc
c. Helen and Marc
6. a. There
b . There
in this class yesterday.
in this class tomorrow.
man y students absent today.
many students absent yesterday.

•·:_ \ :~6
~
c. There rnany students absent tomorrow.
8. They will make good progress . 7. a. Mr. Rubio out of town wday .
(
9. Rita will be here in an hour. b . Mr. Rubio out of town yesrerday .
~ ,-- ~
~ • "%3
10. We will write her a letter immediately.
11. They will wait for us on the comer. .,,\.(
c. Mr. Rubio
8. a. These exercises
out of town tomorrow .
easy for me now.

-•
.
12. The lesson will begin at ten o'clock. b. These exercises easy for me yesterday.
i
14. The meeting will last for more than an hour. -----~, ~ c. These exercises _ _ _ _ easy forme tomorrow.
15. She will speak English well someday. -~ 9. a. I _____ very tired wday.
l
16. They will turn out to be good friends. b. I very tired yesrerday.
17. They will travel to both France and England during the
• .. 6 c. I ver¡ tired comorrow.
summer. ._: '\t\
18. There will be rnany students absent tomorrow. ~; e
19. Y ou will ha ve man y exercises to prepare for tomorrow. ¡·~} .f>
56
¡~{ ~«)
57

I~'.:
• ;~
 .. -.~ ..

¡=:J;~·
tilti
.~e

® Review: to be, present, past,

futurel negative form
Change to the negative form. Use contractions. In the future tense, be sure
:~1- •
.-;\.e'
fji\}):r ·. .
·w-' 1 'V

(• .IJ .•
¡;A
·. . . ® Review: to bel present, pastl
future, ,questton form
Change to the question forro. Write the cor.1plete verb and subjed in tbe
to write the auxiliary and the main verb in your answer. blanks.
(~ , -
isn ' t
l. a. He is in the cafetería now . 1tlf-- • l. a. They are in Ellen's office now. Are ther
wasn'c
,9 •;:i9
. -.
b. He was in the caf e te ria yes cerda y. b. They were in Ellen's office yesterday. Were ther
won't be Will thel be
c. He will be in the cafeteria comorrow .
2. a. Mr. and Mrs. Reese are out of town roday.
,;)··· =- c. They will be in Ellen's office tomorrow.
2. a. The door is open now .
b . Mr. and Mrs. Reese were out of town yescerday . b. The door was open yescerday.
c. Mr. and Mrs. Reese \vill be out of town comorrow.
,.,,·
.
~ \ ~
·~
c. The door will be open tomorrow. ·
~ -ñ
3. a. You are very busy today. ·y¡·· :~~ 3. a. It is very col.d toda y .
• :e
.\ ·¡·
. 1.
b. You were very busy yescerday . "'" \ .• '·lll" b. It was very cold yesrerday .
c. You will be very busy romorrow. c. It will be very cÓld lOmorrow.
4. a. There are many students absent from c!ass coday . ._
...1 \\~'•• \ 4 . a. They are in Europe now .

•••
·.·

b. There were many students absent from class yescer- b. They were in Euro pe last summer.
daL

.. "
c. They will be in Europe next summer.
c. There will be many students absent from class
morrow.
5. a. The weather is very good today .
b. The weather was very good yesterday .
c. The weather will be very good tomorrow .
to-

.
A
9P

e -~
-::a
¡~

~
5. a. There are man y new words in today 's lesson.
b . There were many new words in yesrerday's
c. There will be many new words in tomorrow's lesson.
6. a. Felipe is in my English class now.
les~on .

-~
b. Felipe was in my English class la.Sr ye ar.
6. a. The doors are closed now.
b. The doors were closed yesterday. ... ..
~
.~
~1
--
·1··~
..

· r~ .
c. Felipe will be in my English class ne.'tt year .
7. a. The exercises are very hard toda y .
c. Tne doors will be closed tomorrow-_ gr.,1 ·~
b. The exercises were very hard yesterday.

·~· ~
7. a . Lee and I are in the same class now.
..
c. The exercises will be very hard tomorrow.
b. Lee and I were in the same class lrur year. ·~\ 1 -~
.·.
· ---~- ·· -~ - 8. a. \Ve are tired after our walk in the park today.
c. Lee and I will be in the same class nex1 ,vear. --- ~ ,~
~ -~ b. W 1:..~ were ti red after 0ur walk in the park yesterday.

••
8. a. The lesson today is easy .
~ c. We will be tired after our walk in the park tomorrow.
b. The lesson yesrerday was easy .
c. The lesson tomorrow will be easy .
;• ;~. 9. a. The train is la te roday.

e- -. b. The train was late yesterday.

c. The train will be late tomorrow.

-~
.58

A
.
9 · --.

. .•
:e· ':e
~'.:_\ ~
-·
. •
.
.....··· ~'"\

ar~ '.:\9
"'!!!
.
59
 ~, -~

~· ~ ~f)
~-; '~~ -,

@ Review: present, past

and future tenses
1

\),.,_ '.é l
~; ·•'6
Review: present, pastl
future negative form
1

Write the corred form of the verb in the blanks. Q.j.;8 Change to the negative form. Us~ do, do es, did, or will in the contractetl .
fonn, and include the main verb in your answer.
~;.-f'
~· -
l. a. He (come) to school by bus every day. comes
~'~
doesn' t studv
l. a. She studies in our group.
b. He to school by bus yesterday. carne

.
didn't studv

';·~
b. She studied in our group last year .
c. He to school by bus comorrow. will come
She will study in our group next year. won't study
fa,·····~
C.
2. a. They ( eat) in the cafeteria every day.
2. a . They live in Mexico now.
b. They in the cafeteria yesterday. ~ b . They lived in MÚico last ye ar.
c. They in the cafeteria tomorrow. ~\ ~ c. They will live in Mexico next year.
3. a. I (have) lunch with him every day.
~ \~ 3. a. She comes here every aftemoon.
b. I lunch with hirn yesrerday.
~\ ~

.•
b. She carne here yesterday afternoon.
c. I lunch with hirn tomorrow.
4. a. We ( arrive) on time far the lesson every day. • ,ft e_ She will come he-re tomorrow afternoon .

,,. ~ 4. a . I have my lunch at twelve o'clock every day.

b. We on time far the lesson yesterday.
b. I had my lunch at twelve o'clock yesterday.
c. We on time far the lesson tomorrow. ~' -~ c. I will have rny lunch at r.velve o'clock tomorrow.
5. a. . Ms. Bao (take) her car to work every day.
b. Ms. Bao -~ S. a. We ooo to the movies every Wednesday night.

.•
her car to work yesterday. ~.
c. Ms. Bao
~ '"" b . We went to the movies last Wednesday night.
her car to work tomorrow.
~ -~ c. We will go to the movies next Wednesday night.
6. a. Helen (go) to the movies every nighr.
b. Helen ~ 6. a. Our lesson begins at two o'clock.
to the movies last night.
(
c. He len to the movies tomorrow nighr.
!--, ~ b. Our lesson began at two o'clock yesterday.
(
( c. Our lesson will begin at two o'clock tomorrow.
7. a. He (wait) for me on the comer every day. '• f\· \~
7. a. Paul and Mary read the newspaper every morning.
b. He for me on the comer yesterday . :f f \~
b. Paul and Mary read the newspaper yesterday mom-
c. He for me on the comer tomorrow. ctP 1 ~ ing.
( 8. a. Our lesson (end) at three o'clock every day.
b. Our lesson
___J.,.. \~ c. Paul and Mary will read the newspaper tomorrow
at three o'clock yesterday. ·---- -·-·;e ;:, \~ rnorning.
c. Our lesson at three o'clock comorrow. 8. a. You get up early every rnorning.
9. a. Mary and Linda (get) up early every morning. ,fJI ;"' b. You got up early yesterday morning.
b. Mary and Linda up early yesterday iif::1 ~ c. You will get up early tomorrow morning.
morning.
!') .~
c. Mary and Linda
morning.
up early tomorrow
!1 .~
rr ¡ 7"
60
,!1:
~\~
61

• •l:.ti~ ~ ·,ft
 ®
'"'!'}' l
{jj;:::tr·$
,•. -·: 4 :
@
/,¡; -

Review: present, past Adjectives and adv.e rbs

., ,~Pe'
futurel question---form
~\; - -=• Adje<:tives modüy nouns.

Change to the question fonn. Use do, does, did, or will befare the subje<:t,
-and include the main Yerb in your answer.

l. a. She comes to school by bus every day.

b. She carne to school by bus yesterday.
Does she come

Did she come

~- ':- ·~·
rtt .:,.
~-
~--~
\~·¡· -~

'1~ ·: :tt
. a beautiful day

She works quietly.

an interesting idea
Adverbs modify verbs by telling us how we do something.

They write clearly.

Many adverbs are formed by adding ly t<;> the adje<:tive.

(.
c. She will come to school by bus tomorrow . Will she come easy-easily careful-carefully nice-nicely
2. a. The train lea\·es at two o'clock every afternoon . (.6c :_, -~
~- · ~ A few words, Iike fase, hard, !are, and low, take the same forrn as both
b. The train left at two o'clock yesterday aftemoon . · .,......\ ~
,.-
adjectives and ~dverbs.
• j ·- -~

c. The train will leave at two o'_clock tomorrow after-

¡.
(4ih\. · \jt'A It was a late movie. I stayed out late.
noon. .. . : )f.!11
She had a hard time. She studied hard.
3. a. Our lesson ends at one o'clock. ¡~,1--­
(.\1 Write the corre~t forrn, adjective or adverb, in the blanks.
b. Our lesson ended at one o'clock yesterday.
c. Our lesson will end at one o 'clock tomorrow. · <e:-·.:113 l. She is a (beautiful) girl. beaut iful

4. a. We eat dinner at home every night. 2. Lisa plays the piano (beautifu l). beauti fu ll v
·r¡): •

•.•
b. We ate dinner at home last nigh t. 3. This apple is (soft).
rf¡:: '\i
c. We will eat dinner at home tomorrow night. 4. Miss Levine always speaks very (soft). ·
!• •
5. a. The bus stops at this comer. 5. Albert did the work very (clever) .
.,
b. The bus stopped at this comer. 6. He is very (clever) boy .
!l/l!i.. Ja
;, ·.
c. The bus will stop at this comer . U 1
\W 7. Frances always prepáres her lessons ( careful) .

.,
·r·...v·i·· ·~
6. · a. Peter gets up at seven o'clock every rnorning . 8. She is also a (careful) cook .
b. Pe.ter got up at seven o'clock yesterday morning. / /Jft¡t;
1. \:w
. ·.· . \ - - - 9. Martín walked (slow) because he was tired.
c. Peter will ge_t up at seven o'clock tomorrow morning . -~ 10. I was late because my watch was (slow).
7. ~jShe writes _to her parents every day. 11. She dressed ( quick) to save üme .
fJ·· e;~
·Ja. She wrote to her parents yesterday.
-~·· \ -.~
12. It was a ( quick) lunch be cause they wanted to go shop-
~ ..
__ .___JIJJ '\ & ping.
c. She will write to her parents tornorrow.
-~
8. a. John goes to bed early every night. '.,
· -(--
~
13 . It isn't (easy) to lose weigh t.
b. John went to bed early last night. .te= \
-~ 14. Martha won the race ( easy).
.c. 1ohn will go to bed early tomorrow night. {.~: ~~ 15. I see him at work (frequent).
9. a. They wake up early every rnorning. &-.:.: .a 16. He is a (frequent) visitor to my office.
b. They woke up early this morning. i ; :; 17. Alice and Rose are (serious) students of Russian .
c. They will wake up early tomorrow rnoming . !' , ; ¡• ¡ 1
. .. , .
: : ¡..
...
-·· 1 . 0·
• :lf_.'." ', .•

62
;,a;
1

.a ..é·:-Aa
63
@ Good, well
® Much,many
Much is med with uncountable nouns. These are nouns which cannot be
Good is an adjective. lt always rnodifies a noun. counte<l and which do not have a plural form.

They are good pictures. much sugar much rain rnuch money much time
Welf is usually used as an adverb. Many is used with count.able nouns in the plural.

They work well by themselves. many cups of sugar many people many dollars many hours
Well can be used as an adjective when it means "to be in good health." A Iot of is used for both much and many. A lot of is u.sed more frequently
than either much or man y.
He was sick, but now he's well.
a lot of sugar a loe of rain a lot of money a lot of books
\Yrite good or well in the blanks.
Use much or many with the following words or phrases.
4
good
1. Tony is a very student .
well man y windows
'"') Shé! always prepares her lessons _ _ __ l. 23. coffee
2. much smoke 24 . tea
3. Carlos speaks English _ _ __
4. Our lesson today was very _ _ __ 3. apples 25 . cups of tea

5. The movie last night was very _ _ __ 4. space 26 . uouble

6. Alice plays chess _ _ __ 5. people 27 . effort

7. Brian always do es his work _ _ __ 6. birds 28. p}anrs

8. Clara plays the piano _ _ __ 7. fruit 29. ftowers

9. She is also a _ _ __ tennis playe~. 8. sugar 30. strength

lO. We will soon speak English 9. rooms 31. homework

11. I don 't think she sings 10. work 32. friends

12. My new car runs 11. srndents 33. conversation

13. It seems to be a very pen. 12. windows 34. news

14. I was sick for several weeks, but I am _ _ _ _ now. 13. ·butter 35 . seats

15. Luiz can swim _ _ __ 14. meat 36. mistakes

16. His brother is also a _ _ _ _ swimmer. 15. exerc1ses 37. vegetables

17. Emma dances very _ _ __ 16. time 38 . bread

18. Helen is also a very _ _ _ _ dancer. 17. times 39. letters

.19 . Everything William does he does - - - -

18. snow 40. salt

20 . Mr. Rice, our English teacher, also speaks French very 19. money 41. pepper
20. rain 42. mustard
21. But is he a _ _ _ _ _ English teacher? 21. cups of coffee 43. pe ns
22. wind 44. ink
65
64
~

®
-. 1 .

:~.}1:0
- r~-.i--~--
No,not
No is an adjective.
-( ! - ..,
·Q:-¡.. 2@
,··'. .. 1, -.' 4·
Q:-1 . ~·
@ Irregular verbs:.
past tense 3

• I~
Study and rnemorize the past tense fornlS of the following irregular verbs.
They have no friends in the city.
beco me be carne find found shake shook
Not is generally used asan adverb to make a sentence negative. ~ r~ bring brought forget forgot · srng sang
He does not speak much English. ~· r-=e break broke lose lost take took
catch caught make
I did nor finish on time. e ·i•l
EJt. ..
i
, -~
fight fought nng
made
rang
tea ch
think
taught
thought
Not can also be used before a noun rnodified by an article or a numeral. ~ - - ·: : ~ ..
; 1 Change the following sentence.s tD the past tense.
~ . , -~
Nor a day passed without rain . Not one person spoke . .,. ¡ ~
t. 1

l. She sings ver¡ well.

~"l -:8
san~
Write no or not in the blanks.
2. It takes two weeks to go there by train.
no t).
'.)
ji ~-
l. That room has _ _ __ windows in it. 3. She brings her brother to the lesson.
~·¡ '•\~
~ , -~
.
2. He does attend class regularly. 1 1 4. I forget his name.
3. There are boys in our English class.
er. ,¡ i19 5. Ms. Sung teaches us both English and mathematics .

.¡
l.

A~ ·, lc:JA
V- .
1 ~~
4. Today is Friday. 6. She loses a lot of money in the lottery.
5. There was much money in her purse . rt9 7. The bell rings at three o'clock every day.
( :
6. one girl wanted to dance with him. I} , -. 8. The weather becomes very warrn in the desert.

· ~ l~
7. We have time to talk about that now. 9. She makes many mistakes in spelling.
8.
9. There are
person wants that job.
many students in the cafetería
e-;• 10. The teacher finds many mistakes in our compositions.
11. The boxers shake hands befare the fight.
now. -- : ~ 12. I catch cold very easily.
10. Teresa has English book . ~\ ..r . ~·
'f7 .· .• ·
'~
\ J' ~ 13 . He fights with his brother continually.
11. Does Peter spend much time on his English? No, . :¡ 1~
14. He thinks about his troubles all the time.
much! ·~
. . r·.· -~~
..
V7···. ·~ 15. She becomes very tired of the same routine.
12. I have time to study .
~111.
,.,,, : '~ .'.
'\~"! 16 . _They take three English lessons each week .
13. There are rnany students absent toda y. J

14 . In fact, there are students absent ar all. _ ___..,r· ·-a

~~ . 1
'\YJ
17. The cat catches man y mice .

15. He has
16. She is
money to spend on books .
a good student.
·--!:~
f
~; e
i
18. Robert forgets to bring his books to class .
19. Our telephone rings during: the day.
20. Mr. Matos makes a good salary in his job.
17. There is a really serious srudent in the whole f):j~ 21. I break too many dishes.
class.
18. This exercise is difficul t.
~ -~ 22. Olga and her sister both si.ng: very well.
e :l
.!tí :~
•rr-,c": '
. · L .~. ¡'<=9
66
67
 ® ~;-}·~' • Vocabulary review:
Prepositions 3 (9,;\-. . 1

mistakes of fact 2
~-I\ ;·, -"'\~
•
._-
·~
.

Write the correct prepositions in the blanks. ,~: ·¡ · The items in boldface are mistakes. Change them to make the fact5 c;orred,

l. She gave the rnoney her son. to er'. , ~ and write your answers in the blanks.

- ~- ¡ ·
December
2. The plane fell the river. l. The last month of the year is January.
3. She went to the store
4. The animal jurnped
sorne bread.
a hale in the ground. ··
~ ·: -~ .. 2. The capital of the United States is New York City.
3. The largest state in the United States is California.
S. "\/-/hen did he leave
6. Did he go
7. She wants to
plan e?
hang the picture
New York?

the fireplace.
••
·· ¡~
4. The smallest state in the Unüed States is Connedicut.
S. Ten plus four is thirteen.
6. Ten minus four is seven.
8. Y ou can put your coat
9. The airplane ftew
that chair.
the city.
·-';.. ~-
Ji/ii}f_¡-
~:
-,a
l .- ~.,.
7. Ten times four is thirty-five.
8. Winter begins officially on No...-ember 21.
10. Hurry or you will be late the lesson. e:: .'.-Jt ) 9. Sumiller begins officially on July 21.
11. Don't wait him any longer. er•1:·:e 10. February comes after March.

•····
•.•·"
12. He will remain in this country next July. 11. August comes befare July.
13 . Then he will retum his native country. 12. The opposite of expensive is new.
14. We rnust study from page 10 _ _ _ _ page 12 13. The opposite of east is north.
-~
far tomorrow's lesson. 14. There are fifty seconds in a minute.
15. He took a handkerchief _ _ _ _ his pocket. 4' : ~ 15. The past tense of see is said .
16. We walked _ _ _ _ the river far about an hour. .1'·:-~ 16. The past tense of sil is set.

··¡ ~
17: The teacher si ts fron t of the class. 17. The plural forrn of this is those.
18 . For the class picture, the tall students stood
_ _ _ _ the short ones.
19. Is Philadelphia
20 . Ms. Rossi asked me all
Pittsburgh or far from it?
my trip to Las
:r-:
-. ·; \~~
18. The auxiliary verb for the future tense is did.
19. People hear with their eyes .
20. Lemons are generally sweet.
21. Befo re we go out, we usually take off our hats and coats.
Vegas.
__. f) -.~
21. The bus doesn 't stop this corner. 22. Right away means later.

22. Did he leave a message

-- ------=-·: ·~~ 23. If I arn thirsty, I want something to eat.
~1 @
me?
l..,
I must look 24. We pronounce the word walked 2.S a word_ of two
,_.;), the pencil which I lost. ;· ¡ -.a
syllables.
24. Pennylooked me and smiled. ~] \~
err·•
•r'
! ~~r,.
l) -~i

1 J - ~- '.·-~
68 l:ci~~!- ·.rfi~ !':...: • 69
:..~4'!,
 ,.;,¡.
®
:. ¡ ..

¡~.r.~
Vocabulary review 2 ~::, l~~~
:,~¡ ·-~
@u/''
1 l ~
, ~·
@ General review 4
Select the corred answer and write it in the space provided.
~\ e~ Seled the correct form. Write your answers in the blanks .
.~ .. ; .-~ ~
l. The opposite of black is (blue, yellow, green, white). white

2. The last month of the year is (November, December, l. This car (belong, belongs) to Mr. Lewis. belon~s
October, July). •
¡ : -~ ¡ ~
2. Yesterday Mr. Lewis (come, carne) to school by üus.
3. The next to the last month of the ye ar is (October,
December, November, July).
: ::·r
~- :

w:r·1\~
J i ~-
-?'i.
3. What time (do, did) you get up this morning?
4. Mr. Molavi is (a, an) lranian.
4. Vlhich of the following is a fruit: horse, radio, pair, • . ! ¡¡a
..··
pe ar? ~! ~ 5. Sally and 1 (was, were) both sick yesterday .
·6 -' ·íi'A
~-¡ W 6. He spends (much, many) time on his English.

.\;.
5. Vlhich letter in the word wrisl is silent (not pro-
nounced)? Ja
WJ-·r·. '" -..a
"l\~ 7. Angela (can speak, can to speak) French well.
1 '·'

6. V/hich letter in the word knife is silent ( not pro- iJíf!r- :

QJ-
l
·: - ·il~
...
1•\Q.
8. Paul (have, has) many friends in thi~ _ school.
nounced)? 9. Peter teaches (we, us) English and mathematics .
7. Which of these past tense forms do we pronounce as a
10. (Do, Does) Mr. Dulac speak Spanish well?
word of one syllable: counted, asked, pointed, waited? e~ : :1~

•..
11. (No, Not) one person in our class went to the party .
8. We pronounce the contraction J'l! rhyme with (will, .a- : 1,¡)&
.,-
•:
to .· ·: ~.~

rnile, shall, girl). 12. (No, Not) many people anended the meeting .

9. We pronounce the contraction she'sto rhyme with (this,

:~ 13. Tracy ( catch, caught) coid at the beach yesterday.
those, sneeze, miss). · -~ 14. Martha plays the piano (good, well) .
;

10. We pronounce the word thumb to rhyme with (room, · e- :~ 15. She also sings (beautiful, beautifully) .
soon, sorne, then). 16. Roger always prepares his lesson ( careful, carefully).
·~ ~
11. The word newspaper has three syllables. On which syl- 17. (Tomates, Tomatoes) are my favori.te vegetable.
lable do we accent the word-the fust, second, orthird ~ -:·~
18. The (leafs, leaves) fall from the trees in October.

.\
syUable? . ..15 ,. -A
·w rj · .· L~~
12. The opposite of lose is (place, find, take, bring). 19. We saw (they, them) on the bus yesterday.

13. We pronounce the word crossed to rhyme with (lose,

-~ - ~ 20 . I spoke to hirn (by, on) the telephone yesterday.
loase, east, lost). }~ 21. (Was, Were) Leslie absent from class yesterday?
_.;\-o.
14. Lacely rneans (sometirnes, very soon, rnuch later, re- ~
- ··- •
•...}.
.-:
. . ' .'\.
"
·: l l
\'~',;); 22. (Do, Does) Mark live near you?
cently) . - - - ~ ·' (7F) 23. (Do, Does) you live neaí Sam?
15. The past tense form of can is (may, could, might, should). c. .i .<:~ 24. (Do, Does) Colette and you have much homework for
• ; :\:'
16. Which of these do we use in a restaurant: blackboard,
~ ·~
tomorrow?
chalk, menu, eraser?
25. Susana is (a, an) old friend.
17. Which of these do we use when it rains: pencil, um- ~ (~
brella, fork, sweater?
~ - l~

70 71
 @ Present continuous tense 1
@ Present continuous tense 2
To form the present contínuous tense, place the correct form of to be befare
the present participle forrn (the ing form) of the rnain Yerb. The contraction The present continuous tense describes what is ~appening now. The simple
in normally used. present tense describes what happens all the trme or every day. Note the
differences of the meanings below.
- I am going (I'm going) we are going ( we ·re going)
you are going (you're going) you are going (you 're going) Erica is talking to Jan now. (present continuous)
he is going (he' s going) they are going (they're going) Erica talks to Jan every day. (simple present)
she is going ( she 's going)
it is going (ir's going) Complete the sentences with the present continuous tense or the simple
present ten.Se of the verb in parentheses.
The present continuous tense describes an action which is happening at the
present moment. l. Our telephone (ring) often. rings

She's working on the probletn now.
They're Ieaving now.
Complete the sentences with the present continuous tense of the verb in
parentheses.
l. Martin (do) his homework now .
2. She (wait) forme on the comer now .
3. Look! It (begin) to rain .
4. Tne leaves (begin) to fall from the trees .
5. They (take) a walk along Fifth Avenue.
6. I (begin) to understand English gr:ammar now.
7. \Ve (make) good progress i.n our courses.
( 1 8. Listen! The telephone (nñg).
9. We (study) the exercise now.
10. The train (leave) ar this moment.
11 . Elizabeth (look) for her English book .
12. Listen! Someone (knock) at the door.
13 . Look! Mr. Salas (walk) in our direction.
14. My father (read) the newspaper now.
15. The wind (blow) very hard now.
16. The teacher (look) directly at you .
17. Al! the students (laugh) at you .
18 . The bus (stop) for us now .
19. Mr. and Mrs . Nomura (build) a new home on First
Street.
72
2. The telephone (ring) now. is ringing
3. Ana always (do) her lessons well.
4 . Look! It (begin) to snow.
5. The wind (blow) the le aves across the field.
. is~·doing
6. Ms. Adams (smoke) very much .
7. Look! She (smoke) a cigarene now.
8. Mimi (write) to her brother once a week.
9. She (write) a letter to her brother now .
10. Look! Janet (wave) to us from the other side of the
street.
ll. Listen! Someone (walk) around downstairs.
12. We always (have) a good time at Helen's parties.
13. Claude (have) his breakfast now.
14. We (have) English lessons three times a week .
15. We (have) our English class ~ow.
16. The bus always (stop) at this comer.
17. The bus (stop) for us now .
18. Look! Alex (get) off the bus now.
19. He always (get) off the bus at this comer.
20. Mr. and Mrs. Eng (build) a new home o.n Second Street.
73
 ~·
&.;.L·9
~I"'""' ! ;¡

@ Present continuous tense 3

-~ : _ .~--

~1 •
. ;, ~~
1. i
1
. ' !;
¡i
11
® Present continuous tense:
negative form
i i. ""' . g

.•
Form the negative of the present continuous tense by placing not after the
Change the simple present tense to the present contínuous tense. Be sure ~--!·'.'{Ci!l.
~;.\. , ~
¡
auxilíary to be. The contracted forms are generally use<l.
you understand the change in rneaning which occurs with these verb changes. ~.! ....filtlt.
~ :·· I~
1. Henri studies in this class. is srud:.ing
- ,; . She is using the word processor.
She is not using {isn't using) the word processor.
2. She goes to the movies.
3. They come to visit us. ~ 1·
· !·~.@
Change the following sentences from the affirmatíYe to the negative fonn.
Use the contracted forros.
4. The wind blows very hard .
5. The le aves f al! from the trees.
6. The teacher correccs our compositions.
...-: -.·;·

~.- • ..Aa.
i

~- ;- ~
·''
1. He is doing his hornework now.
2. The telephone is ringing .
isn't doing

3. The leaves are changing color.

·-~' ·
7. Al ice prepares her homework carefully.
4 . We are rnaking good progress.
8. The bus swps at this corner. ~ . ·-: : . -~~
1'iZt ~
5. I arn learning many new words.
9. He drives to work in his car.
GP .\•
10. The train leaves on time.
11. He helps Marie with her homework .
.. 1
ar ·· ...a..
·7· : ·~
6. They are building a new home on Second Streec.
7. The bus is stopping for us.

.•.
.-J' ·.~
1 ~..
8. I am ha ving a good time.
12 . He eats lunch in the cafetería.
13. She does her work well.
• -c8 9. She is having her lunch now.
·- . .....
·Ji'. 10. He is reading the newspaper now.
14. He wears a dark suit. ':~

ll. They are watching television now.

15. She waits for me on this comer.
16 . We learn English rapidly.
-~
~
12. She is doing well in her new job .
1 13. They are tra veling in South Ame rica now.
17. She prepares dinner for the whole family. .Me ,'. ~
wr ,. . .. 14. He is laughing at you .
18. She wears running shoes.
~- J, 1·~ 15. The teacher is looking at us .
19. Martha plays the piano. (
20. He speaks very slowly .
•r
• .. . -'{ilil.
t:.":8. 16. They are speaking English.
'~ 17. The wind is blowing hard.
e~-1
. .
\fS
21. She teaches us English.
22. He purs crearn in his coffee . .= ··~
-~ . -H~
18. The sky is getring dark .
19. I am getting hungry.
.r ~~
20. The weather is turning cold .
~~ 2L The clerk is showing us the turntable.
..} ) \..( \...) <. J\. ~¡I 8
. ·
. J - ,
22. She is taking medicine for her cold.

'- J
•1 · ~
~j~
74
.,-.
~]~
lllfl!.'
~-1 ··~
'l\ ·~
- 1 _,..,.
..
75
 Present continuous tense:
question form
To form questions in the present continuo~s tense, place the auxilia·r y to be
before the subject.
I am taking computer classes. Am I taking compute.r classes?
She is studying photography. Is she studying photograph.y?
Change to the question form. Write the complete verb
blanks.
1. He is doing his homework now.
2. She is waiting for us on the comer.
3. The telephone is ringing in the other room.
4. The police are investigating the accidem now.
5. The lener carrier is delivering the mail now.
6. The birds are ftying south for the winter.
7. They are taking a walk in the park.
8. Adam is reading the newspaper.
9. Roy is preparing dinner for the whole family.
10. They are taking computer classes.
11 . The sky is gening very dark . .
12. The wind is beginning to blow very hard.
13. William is becoming an expert in English grammar.
14. Her cousin is studying to be a doctor.
15 . They are discussing the examinarions.
16. Sara's family is moving to Chícago.
17. The bus is stopping for us now .
18 . She is getting very hungry.
19 . He is signing the letters now.
20. They are shaking hands like old friends .
21. Annette is beíng particularly friendly with him.
22. Mr. Berger is taking his daughter with him on his trip.
® Future tense with goíng to
A common way to iorm the future tense is to use the appropriate fonn of
to be going to and the simple forrn of the verb. The contracted forms are
generally used.
I am (I'm) going to fi.nish soon. We are (We 're) going to
You are (you're) going to finish soon . finish soon.
He is (He's) going to fi.nish soon. You are (Y ou' re) going to
She is (She's) going to finish soon . finish soon.
and subject in the It is (It's) going to finish soon. ThF.y are (They're) going to
finish soon .
Is he doing
Use the appropriate form of going to followed by the simple Yerb to complete
the following sentences. Use both the full forrn and the contracted form.
l. We (study) English literature next
ye ar. are going to study weºre going to study
2. He (meet) us at eight o'clock.
3. She (buy) a new dress far the
dance.
4. We (go) to Mexico on our va-
cation.
5. They (build) a new home on
Front Streei:.
6. He (take) Grace to the dance
tonight.
7. \Ve (have) a picnic next Satur-
day.
8. Tne paper says that it (rain) to-
morrow.
9. I (have) ltinch with Helen today.
10. She (meet) me outside the caf-
eteria.
11. We (watch) television tonight.
12. He (study) engineering at col-
lege.
13. Julia says that she (be) a doctor
when she grows up.

77

76
 --,f ·-
.. ·-r•~
'4l• @
@ Short answers ··q:c9i ~ ~·
Relative pronouns : who, which
Who refers to people.-Which refers to animals or things.
Short answers are usually used to answer direct questions. A short answer ~· f9
consists of the subject of the sentence and an auxfüary Yerb. Sometimes the ./lf· ·t·-~ Which and who (whom), when direct objects of the verb, are often dropped

(.. ¡.
auxiliary is the verb ro be. · 1g .. i._.,,~
from English sentences. Thus we rnay say, "Is this the magazine which you

Can you use a compurer? Yes, I can. No, I can't.

··- 1 ¡'·"~y
'
want?" or "Is this the magazine you want?" Both forrns are correct.

Are they driving ro Cana da? Yes, they are. No, they aren't.
(0.·:=8
Supply who or which in the following sentences.
Note that we use the contracted form in the negative short answer. Some- l. His wife, _ _ __ is an accountant, travels often. who
tirnes the auxiliary is the verb to do. ( :-··~
2. Art books, _ _ __ are very expensive, are in a
Does she speak Iralian? Yes, she does . No, she doesn't. !• • special section.
Do you have a camera? Yes, Ido . No, I don't.
í- ·~
3. The Statue of Liberty, is in New York Har-
When the direct question has a noun, a pronoun is normally used in the
·•:i. -. bor, was a gift from F rance .
short answer.

Does Erica live her e? Yes, she does . No, she doesn't. -- -·~
4. Ms . Rogers, lived in South America far
many years, speaks Spanish perfectly.

·- \ ·-í•
~.
Will Jan and Fred scay here? ·Yes, they will. No , rhey won't. 5. That pen, my father gave me in 1943, is
ver¡ valuable .
.Aic
V' \~
Answer the questions with short affirmative and negative answers. Use 6. The wedding, ~ was held at the bride's home,
pronouns and contractions where appropriate. Answer you questions with dftr«. \ ~
.,.- ~ was on June 22 .
!; answer you and X questions with H·-e.
• 1Z• 7. \Vas it Joe telephoned me?
is wearing blue is .-Jhe mother
l. Does Julia live near you? Yes , she does . No, she doesn't.
ª ' ·~
'.,,-- .·•. ~V:J
8. The woman
of the bride.
2. Will you be in class tomorrow?
3. Will Monique be in class tomor:row?
e: ~ 9. The bus, is very slow, is the !east expensive

.:~· ~
way to go.
4. Is it raining?
~ 10. The students smdy hard make the best
5. Is the telephone ringing? progress.
,&,r ,. -;a
.
·v·
'•
4J..VI
1

6. Are there many students in your class? 11. The class, mee ts only once a week, was
7. Did you and Eric go to the movies last ·~ canceled.
night? i~\ --:;:;• 12 . Is this the street on you live?
.:;v- '· -l~
8. Do you like to study English? . .....
_.,. ! .?"'
:v._"P
13 . The movie, got good reviews, is still play-

•.
9. Are you going to the movies tonight? mg.
~.~. ..·.'. ~
.rl·· .'·..· .
·\~
10. Is Tony sick today? ¡ 14. Our teacher, is a North American, has ver¡
1Ai.,, ·
:~- .
:-a
Q. ·~ clear pronunciation .
11. Are both windows open? '
, ' ·~ 15 . P1ant those flowers, need more sun, in back
12. Is this Ms. Duval's office? - 1
of the house.
13. Are we going to be late for class? -~~l·· ..,.
~I
· 16. It was Sara left the message far you .
14 . Can you meet me after the lesson ? ~1 · -~~
15 . Did it rain hard last night?
J~.~ - -· 81

78
 @ Adjectives: comparative form
Review: present, pastl
future, negative form
The comparative form of a one-syllable adjective adds er.
Change to the negative form. Use do, does, did, or will in the contractetl
young-younger fast-faster form, and include the main verb in your answer.
- srnart-smarter short-shorter {9+- .19.
doesn't studv
The comparative form of adjectives with more than one syllable uses more . re- ·- 19· l. a. She studies in our group.
(
b. She studied in our group last year. didn' t studv

(·- ·~
.~

beautiful-rnore beautiful interesting-rnore interesting won't study

i c. She will study in our group next year.
expensive-rnore expensive difficult-more difficult (8;: ; ~
However, two-syllable adjectiYes that end in y or ow add er. The y is changed
to i before the er is added.
\•..¡-.· 2. a . They live in Mexico now.
b. They lived in Mexico last year.
1
. rllr : ~ c. They will live in Mexico next ye ar .
heavy-heavier narrow-narrower

,:&
.,¡;.'·•
sleepy-sleepier deadly-deadlier 3. a. She comes here every aftemoon.
-"Rtt b. She carne here yesterday aftemoon.
The comparative form of adjectives is followed by chan.

She's older than her sister. That's more difficult than you think .
._,n.
t
c. She will come here tornorrow afternoon.
4. a . I ha ve my lunch at twelve o'clock every day.
The adjecfrves good and bad have irregular cornparatives, good-better and .i)\L :~
b . I had my lunch at twelve o'clock yesterday.
f bad-worse. • .,1.<ft_
c. I -will have rny lunch at twelve o'clock tomorrow .

(.. .· ··~
This movie was better than the other one . fJ . ~R~ S. a. We go to the movies ever¡ Wednesday night.
The traffic in the city is worse than in the country .
b. We wenr to the movies last Wednesday night.
~
Write the cornparatiYe forrn of the adjectives in parentheses. Include. the c. We will go to the rnovies next Wednesday night.
word chan .
( ~ 6 . a. Our lesson begins at two o'clock.

..\
l. Helen is (young) Rob. younger th :rn b . Our lesson began at two o'clock yesterday .
( . ~
2. This book is (interesting) that one. c. Our lesson will begin ar two o'clock tomotrow.
( ¡ IJD. i· ~~
3. Oranges are (sweet) lemons . 7. a. Paul and Mary read the newspaper every morning .
~-­
4. The weather toda y is (warm) it was yesterday . b. Paul and Mary read the newspaper yesterday morn-
\~ ing.
5. This exercise is (easy) the last one .
6. Lisa is (intelligent) her sister. __ e: '· '~ c. Paul and Mary will read rhe newspaper tornorrow
moming.
7. The month of February is (cold) the month of March. ·-'· ~·'. :· ~
8. a. You get up early every morning.
8. I am (tired) I was last night. ~ ;~
b. You got up early yesterday rnorning.
9. Our classroorn is (lar ge) your classroom .
c. You will get up early tornorrow morning.
10. This lesson is (long) the next one .
11. You seern to be (busy) George.
12. Her cold is much (bad) mine.
13. A dish is (shallow) a bowl.

82 ¡ 61
1
i

t·
 ·i ·
·r;- 'Il
(~·\'·•
·1 -;: __.

,.~r-,·~- ® Adverbs_: comparative form

@ Review: present, past,

future, question,.-form
/__.·: ·1-··
,f.•
l

,_ :r.:.'-..: 1 1~.
1

,(~~;: l~
'. ~-"' .
Adverbs with one syllable take er in the comparative form.

soon-sooner late-la ter

Cbange to the question form. Use do, does, did, or will before the subjed, Adverbs with more than one syllable take more "in the cornparative form.
~d include the main Yerb in your answer. (rCr~l•
· rapidly-more rapidly easily-more easily
l. a. She comes to school by bus every day.
Does she come -~:~¡~
The comparative form of adverbs is followed by chan.
Did she come (e::'•
·: · !, ~·
b. She carne ~o school by bus yesterday . .
Will she come
He drives more rapidly than the speed limit pennits.
c. She will come to school by bus tornorrow. .!.
' .
....
I arrived sooner than anybody else .
2. a. The train leaves at two o'clock every afternoon. ,~r=- The adverbs bad and well ha ve irregular comparatiYes, bad-worse and well-
b. The train left at two o'clock yesterday afternoon.
c. The train will leave at two o'clock tomorrow after-
noon.
3. a. Our lesson ends at one o'clock.
b. Our lesson ended at one o'clock yesterday.
. .-..•
. :~1-.
...\\1-=-
,
..:.\
. ···-
'¡

e::::- -~
! --
"
betrer.

He reads Spanish better than French.

I feel worse than yesterday . --

Write the comparative forrn of the adverbs.in parentheses. Includúhe ·word

than.
- -·_,,,

c. Our les5on will end at one o'clock tomorrow.

4. a. We eat dinner at home every nigh}. ,1 :·~ l. We arrived at the party (late) they. later tnan

b. We ate dinner at home last night. !• . ~-~ ... 2. We will get there (soon) you.
c. We will eat dinner at home tomorrow night. • .-·3 3. He spoke (loudly) usual.
5. a. The bus stops at this comer. ; 4. She answered me (quickly) I expected .
.• 19
b. The bus stopped at this comer.
c. The bus will stop at this comer.
6. a. Peter gets up at seven o'clock every rnorning .
b. Pe_ter got up at seven o'clock yesterday morning .
.. ... ;

f!· -~

tlkl r ·----rlta
~::. · í;~
5. She plays the piano (well) her sister.
6. She also sings (beautifully) her sister.
7. The train arrived (late) ever before.
8. You can run (fast) L
c. Peter will ge_t up at seven o'clock tomorrow morning. ~ -~ 9. We speak much (slowly) the teacher.
10. Sue prepares her homework ( carefully) 1 do.
7 . a. She wntes to her parents every day.
b. She wrote to her parents yesterday.
fP
~ ~
~'
\-:-:a 11. Yvonne works (hard) the other students.

.
~ ¡~~~

c. She will write to her parents tomorrow. 12. I get up every rnorning (lazily) Hector.
- ·-· ¡ · ~~ .' ~
8. a. John goes to bed early every night. 13. You speak English much (well) l.
~~
b. John went to bed early last night . 14. He can do the work (easily) L
c. John will go tobed early tomorrow night. · '7 .• 15. She returned (soon) we expected.
~~ - ! ~ , '
9. a. They wake up early every moming. __ . ;· ~ 16. He goes there ( often) I.
b. They woke up early this morning. ~. !.~
c. They will wake up early tomorrow rnorning.
f) !
r-•
1 " 83
~-¡·-
62 e -.·:-e
l
~-· ~~

-..~.q-­
~ I~
"'10:'"1 \; a .
 ® Adjectives: superlative form.
The superlative of one-syllable adjectives is fonned by adding est.
Vocabulary ·review:
mistakes of fact 3

The items in boldface are mistakes. Change them to rnake the facts correct,
warm-warrnest high-highest
and write your answers in the blanks.
big-biggest hot-hottest
The superlatiYe of adjectives with giore than one syllable is usually made l. The capital of the United States is Philadelprua . Washington
by using most. 2. The Atlantic Ocean lies south of the United Scat~s.
ínteresting-most interesting difficult-most difficult 3. The opposite of cheap is poor.
beautiful-rnost beautiful expensive-most expensive 4. In the word knife, the letter nis silent (not pronounced).
However, two-syllable adjectives that end iny or ow ~dd est. They is changed 5. The past tense form of can is might.
to i before the ese is added.
6. The past tense form of speak is spoken.
heavy-heaviest narrow-narrowest (<'~ · 1:(9 7. There are fifty seconds in a minute .
sleepy-sleepiest deadly-deadliest . .\;~~ 8. On a watch or dock, the minute hand is shorter than
The superlatives of good and bad are irregular, good-best and bad-worst. the hour hand.
~~ --_, ,~
He üses the besr mechanic in town. 9. The English alphabet has twenty-four letters .
I had the worsr grade in the class . fW:'\
í --m..
,:·. ·..
\\\'Y
10. The superlative form of the adjective good is better.

Write the superlative form of the adjective. Be sure to use the word rhe. q.
1,- , ·~
,·~
11. The first president of the United States was Abraham
Lincoln.

l. Joy is (tall) girl in our class. the tallest

(.w ~ 12. There are two feet in a yard.
13. There are ten rnillimeters in one decimeter.
2. She is (athletic) student in the school.
3. New York is (lar ge) city in the United States.
~- :~ 14. Mexico lies north of the United States.
4. Alice is (intelligent) girl in our class. 15. \Ve prono unce the word stopped as a word of two
syllables .
5. Carlo is (good) student in our class ..
6. The Mississippi River is (long) river in the United States. ·1·;·~ 16. We pronounce the word wamed as a word of one
syllable.
7. August is (hot) month of the year in the United States. (~ ~-~
17. We accent the word audiwrium on the second syltable .

~· ·\ ~
8. .This exercise is ( difficult) one in the whole book.
18. April is the fifth rnonth of the year.
9. Park Avenue is (wide) street in New York City .
\• =·\~ 19. To cal! up sorneone is to criticize hi;n or her.

-~
10. Mr. Gilbert is (busy) teacher in our school.
20. People see with their ears.
11. Grace is (friend!y) girl in our group.
1~; 21. In the United States, the coldest season of the year is
12. Miss Rice is (good), teacher of English in our school. summer.
13. That store is (lar ge) store in town. 22. Abraham Lineo In was president of the United Sra.tes dur-
14. He is (bad) student in our class. ing the Revolutionary War.

15. January is (cold) month ofthe yearin the United States.

84 85
--·
 e @
: · 1

, A'). ·\ ' .J'?.&

•.,,,,.- 1 ,\. .
' ¡ . ... .. i .... , ,. ,. .,
Review: past tense 3 ;,~ (~·· Vocabulary review 3
, lfl.• \ \ •¡:fa
~y , -~

Write the past tense of tbe following verbs. ~t~ Select the correct answer and write it in the space provided .
l. go weal 23. come 45. want ~- l'/4~ l. The opposite of sharp is (new, bright, old, dull). dull
Qt•,.J ¡.
e-/ '•''~
2. need 24. shut 46. give 2 . We pronounce the contraction he'fl to rhyme with (fell ,
fill, feel, fall) .
' ; f ~-~~
3. take 25. shake 47 . get
4. teach 26. sell 48. forget .~,-. 3. Which of these verbs is in the past te nse: see, feel, fight,
got , wait?
•.• '<-'· ' \ ~·:1&
5. tell 27. see 49. find
.•..
~ -,·~ 4. Which of these verbs is in the present tense: gave, went ,

.•
,., ¡--.
6. think 28. ring 50. fight ~
had , know, found?
·v- 1 ~
7. hear 29. ride 51. feel 5. Which of these verbs has the same forrn in the past
8. write 30. read 52 . eat te ns.e as in the presem tense : go, hiL find, get, tell?
: \; ~
9. count 31. put 53. drive 6. Which two of the following words w: both opposites
10. have
.'. !. ·-:-~llia.
·ª1r ~ of righr: easy, wrong, straight, left, soon?
32. visit 54 . drink
Á er \ :-"1'1A 7. Righr away means (later, immedia tely , often, to the
11 . prepare 33. study SS. dó ·V ' . "'Q__'!!!I
right).
12. work
13. sweep
14 . steal
15. stand
16. sleep
34. live
35 . rneet
36. mean
37. make
38. lose
56 . cut
57. cost
58. catch
59 . buy
60. spring
~ .. - .

.CJ1t· · ~
.a-: cna.
~· : ~

~-
~~-.
-

'
;:-.:
1

i
-ra
2\~
· ~
s like z: miss, this, is, pass?
...
8. To p ick out a thing is to (need, wanc. choose, lose) iL
9. In which one of these words ct"o we pronounce the letter

10. In which of these four seasons of rhe year does it rain

mos r often in the United States: spring . summe r, fall,
17. paint 39. leave 61. break •1~ winter?
• '7.3
18 . push
19. pull
40. know 62 . blow
,.- ~~
11. \Ve pronounce the contraction we 're
where, hear, wore) .
to rhyme with (her,

·• ~
41. keep 63 . begin
12. The word composition has four syllables . On which syl-
20. weep 42. be 64 . become (

.\·· : ~ "
lable do we accent the word--on the füsc, second, third ,
21. sit 43. like 65. start or fourth syllable?
7'1 . 13. We use the word hard as the oppos ite of (good, new ,
-- · smg 44. hit 66. stop --~
, ;;
scift, fine).
..:.-=·· \~
·
(
14. The auxiliary verb that we use to forw the future tense
.~. ·~ is (do, does, can, will , did) .
15. Which of these past tense forrns do we pronounce as a
··:~ word of one syllable: wanted, neede d. wa!ked, pointed?
~ - ~
:~ - "~ 16. \Vhich of these past tense forrns do we pronounce as a
•-; · ~ word of two syilables: pulled, asked. placed, talked
wanted?
~·11 ::~
;~ .\:@/

86 ~e: 87

':,~~ '-
@ Prepositions 4 ® General Review 5

Write the correct prepositions or particles in the blanks. Seled the corred forrn. Write your answers in tbe blanks.

1. The leaves fall _ _ __ the trees in October. from

l. Listen! Someone (knocks, is knocking) at the door. is knocking
2. What is the reason the delay? .2. (That, Those) books belong to Tina .
3. I t is dark in this room. Ple ase turn the light. 3. Angela didn't like the rnovie, (also, either).
4. Hurry! Martha is waiting us. 4. I (can, could) not come to the lesson yesterday.
5 . All the srndents are laughing us. 5. I saw (they, them) in the cafetería at noon .
6. present. he is the best student in the class. 6. (No, Not) one student was absent from class this
7. Noriko was abs_em class yesterday. morning.

8. What are they talking ? 7. Marie is taller (as, than) Trudy.

9. What is he laughing
10. What are you shouting
11. The beggar asked-me
12. Hurry! We will be late
13 . She spends a lot oí money
14. This pen belongs
15. I always go to school
16 . I spoke to her
17. The airplane flew directly
18. The child ran .a nd tried to hide
19. He tried to explain
20. Esther is looking
21. Did you find
22. He is leaving
'),.,
_.), Ellen Iives directly
24. Subways travel
25 . What is the diff erence
? 8. This pen (belong, belongs) to Rose.
? 9. Does Jean (speak, speaks) English well?
sorne money. 10 . Hé!en plays the piano very (good, well).
class. 11. She also sings (beautiful, beautifully).
travel. 12 . Do you want (a, an) apple?
Mr. Abrams. 13 . We waited (a, an) hour for him.
bus. 14. We also waited (a, an) whole hou r for Jim.
the telephone yesterday . 15 . He spends (much, many) time on his homework .
our house. 16. (Was, Were) Diane and her sister at the parcy last
night?
the tree.
17. He is the man (who, which) carne to see you.
me what he wanted.
18. There (was, were) three students absent from class
the book that she lost.
toda y.
what Patrick \vanted?
19 . Dick always prepares his lessons (careful. carefully).
New '{ork from Gatwick.
20. She sings very (good, well) .
the street from us .
21. He wants (go, to go) to the movies with us tonighr.
the ground.
22. Ir was difficult (learn, to Ieam) so many new words.
those two words?
23 . What time (do, did) you get up this morning')
24. He cannot (speak, to speak) English w~ll .

88 89
 J ~/- fl
~ Some,any .·
j . •
; _~~>;· - ·,~' . IJ
' i
- ·· ~I
/ .,_;. (:2J ·someone;ahyone
•.'
¡e>e;..a· l\\9.
·:,
;:
( i' J .. - : . !!
Sorne is used in affinnative sentenc~. ~-1· ·.- ·
·~ !!!~ affirm~
•·t'· ,··
··.1 .
The words someone, somebody, something, somewhere are u.sed in
Andy brought sorne friends to the party. - ~~, -¡~
:!· ative sentences.
' 1 -Jlflari;.

, ~r-~
..A.ny is used in negatin sentences. I heard her whisper something to you.-
Andy didn't-see any friends at the party. ~-¡ ·:~(e The words anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere are used in negative sen-
terices .
.....: . ....:;&
_ .·
~ 1 .,\!g
Select the correct forrn. Write your answers in the blanks .
• e? ] ·~
l didn't see anybody I knew in rhe room.
l. There aren't (sorne. any) chairs in the ro'om. any
1 -:6
~I ~ Se!ect the correct form. Write your answers in the blanks.
2. I saw (sorne, any) cars in the street. .. r
.e:: .l tt
3. I didn't see (sorne. any).
4. I have (sorne, any) new magazirres wíth me .
5. He says that he sa'A· (sorne, any) políce officers on the
:.\:¡-·
.: •·;:·~
1
l. She didn 't say (something, anything) to me about it.
2. He told me (something, anything) abour his trip.
3. There is (something, anything) wrong \Vith this .
anything

comer .
• . ·-e 4. I don 't see (something, anything) wrong wirh it.
6. I don't believe that he saw (sorne, any).
.e :·· ,-· 5. She lives (somewhere, anywhere) on Sunset Boulevard .
7. I don't háve (sorne . any) time to study Englísh. 6. I can'.t find my pen (somewhere, anywhere).
.ar-i· ' y.~
; .~· ·~
8. I wrote (sorne, any) letters to thern last night. 7. I hear (someone, anyone) in the next room .
9. There are (sorne. any) flowers in the vase .
9= :.ql) 8. I don't hear (someone, anyone) .
10. There aren't (sorne, any) ftowers in this vase.
11. She says that she put (sorne, any) water in the vase .
12. I didn't see her put (sorne, any) water in the vase.
13. I gave Tom (sorne, any) monéy to buy the tíckets.
14. He never makes (sorne, any) mistakes in grarnmar .
.•.... • :8
. e:~

ieJL :·it
.~
~ ..
~

~~
9. I saw (someone, anyone) in the hall wirh Tony .
10. There isn't (sorneone, anyone) at the door.
11 . I was sure that I heard (someone, anyone) at the door .
12. She told me (something , anything) about the new teacher.
13. She didn't say (somerhing, anything) to me abour her.
(

14. I left my books (sornewhere, anywhere) in this room .

;

15. I learned (sorne , any) new words in English in today's

lesson. ~·· ~
15. Now I can't find them (somewhere, anywhere).
16. Maybe you Iearned sorne, but I didn't learn (sorne, e: '~ 16. They say thar there is (something, anything) wrong with
any).
.'~ .!' \
!llfiiY-·. ~
~:'!}
the elevator.
17. There were (sorne, any) pretty pictures on the wall. .&e ~ 17. There wasn't (something, anything) wrong with ita fe'>v
:~.. ~ ~3
18. I didn't see (sorne, any) pretty pictures there . minutes ago when I used ir.
.8 2 - 18 . The doctors gave me (something, anything) for m_y cough.
.19. She has (sorne, 2.ny) very famous clients.
20. However, she says thar'she doe:>n't have (sorne, any) 19. I he ar (somebody, anybody) in Ms. Canétti's office .
. famous clients. 20. I'm sure there ísn't (somebody, anybody) there.
21. The téacher taug.ht us (sorne. any) ímportant grammar 21. There isn't (somebody, anybody) who can help him
rules. now.

90
91
 ·~ j r~

Vocabulary review:
opposites 3
~¡·'· _. ,
!~) _13r
~1
,~;:
..
~)_lÍll..
'..--¡~
.
1
.•. ® Pronunciation: silent letters

For each of the words below, write the consonant which is written but not
r~j ·'•
Write the opposites of tbe foUowing words.
pronounced.
sour 25. tal! i'ÍJEl'"j . •
-l. sweet w
. 1 ; l. write 22. knee
2. young 26. few (~+·-e 2. listen
3 . buy 27. clean
-;· ; · 3. knock
23. walk
24. talk
~~:1 ·:~
4. often 28. absent
5. beautiful
6. loo se
7. high
29. pull .
30. easy
31. narrow
((~··;•
1 -­
4. knew
5. often-
6. honest
25. kneel
26. Wednesday
27. wrong .

8. laugh 32. remember rt=·i .• 7. whole 28. should

8. whistle 29. wrist
9. dangerous 33. smooth '·. • "1•
10. inside 34. low r•::·19 9. dumb
10. half
30. sign
31. sword
11. hard 35. in front of
.'AY :\ ~
' v._ ,
•
11. knife 32. knit
12. dull 36. cold
:e=.i ·~·-o 12. could 33. aisle ·
13. happy 37. -in
r ~:\'· l9 13 .. Christmas 34. numb
14. push 38. winter
15. wide 39. good ·:;~·.
..,-- i l8
··~-
14. island 35. scissors
15. answer 36. scene
16. careful 40 . east .i f= ¡ :B
16 . doubt 37. ghost
17. empty 41. sour 'f= I ~ 17. gnaw 38. wrote
18. white 42. soft (r- : ~ 18. climb 39. czar
19. thick 43. summer '.~s¡ -~ 19. debt 40. pneumonia
20. stop 44. late·
21. behind 45. dark -= · ~ 20. thumb 41. knot
; ifiil::: , ·~ 21. honor 42. align
•~
22. expensive 46. down ¡

23. take 47. sit -- ~.ffl .¡ , 1'

24. thin 48. big :f \\. ; :i~
\~j ~
(,~:-¡ ~
{ ~
. ,.,:.1: '11)
·,~~ J

í~~1
~1 ~
•
92 c•J,
-- 1:.• 93

- ~r-•
:;E ·
 ® ®
•J !

,y:i·.40
·~ t..:-···~
Irregular verbs: past tense 5 · 1 Very, too
~~·; ~~·

-
Study and memorize the past tense fonns of the following irregular verbs.
build built
fty ftew
grow grew
lend
pay
run
lenr
paid
ran
shoot shot
spend spent
throw threw
..
: ~--¡·~~

;-.,,·.·
· ~\>.[ ,,:- ~
)''~
._\~
Very means there is a lot of something .
The car is very long, but it fits in to the space.
Too means an excess of something; there is more of something than is
,...;t.,..: .pa. necessary or than we can use:
hold held say said wear wore :,-~ t- ·~

..
hurt hurt send sent win won The car is too long . It will not fit into the space.
¡~ . . ~~
• ~ 1

Write the correct past tense form of the verbs in parentheses. ,,..
i:- ~·
·~
. .
- ·~ \Vrite roo or very in the spaces províded.

l. Mr. Ovando (fty) to Chicago last week. ftew

.g: ,. -. l. I cannot wear this ring because it is _ _ _ __ small
2. Who (lend) him the money to buy the car? ¡~ · ··~ for my finger. too

2. This magazine is _ _ _ __ large, but it ·..i:iil go in to

3. The child (run) and hid behind a tree. , ~ .·-.
my desk drawer.
4. During our vacation last sumrner, we (spend) two weeks &:r . ~ 3. That other magazine, however, is Iarge to
in Paris.
-.. -;~ go into my desk drawer.
5. These flowers (grow) in my garden.
.~.·.·\ -:;;A
~
4. That chair is heavy for Sue . She cannot
6. The police officer {shoot) the man in the arm. •V/!
pick it up .

..•.
.·lflff;:.•~
v;,- - . ,:~
7. The teacher became angry and (thrnw) our composi- 5. It is a heavy chair, but Nora is s;:rong and
tions into the wastepaper basket. .• ~ ,\ ·:::ie can easily pick it up .
8. Brigitte fell and (hurt) her arm. --,~ 6. You are speaking fast. I cannot undc:rstand
9. I (pay) ten dollars for my English book. you .
·-:~
10. Paolo (say) that he was too busy to go with us.
11. Grace (wear) a long white dress to the party .
.,, --.. 7. Our teacher speaks _ _ __ fast, but I alwa.ys un-
derstand her.
,, , ~ 8. This soup is _ _ _ __ hot. I carinot eat i:.
12 . They (send) us several presents from Mexico !ast sum-

.
mer. 9. The weather in Cana da is _ _ _ __ cold in winter,
,.,; ~
but Mr. Soto enjoys it very much.
13. The woman (hold) the chilc ·s arrn .tightly as they crossed
the street.
14. We played tennis yesterday: and John (win) every game.
• \
~
~
··"9
10. I cannot go out now. It is raining _ _ _ __ hard .
11. The sun was _ _ _ __ hot for the child . and she be-
15. She was born in Italy but (grow) up in the United States. tJ;C
. . \~
\.\:c. carne sick.

16. The six police officers easily (hold) back the crowd . ~
. ' \. ·:-A
~~ . ,,~
12. Ir is late, but if we hurry we cc.n still catch
the train .
17 . Ray (run) away from home when he was only ten years .,;;-. · ·~e
old. 13. Betty says that she is tired to go for a walk.
~t'\¡ r:e 14. The doctor says that Bill is still wc:ak to go
18. At the sound of the gun. al! rhe birds (fty) away.
~.
1
4A
'----"'1 ·s··-~
to work.
19. We (send) him two letters last week.
..~~¡_..:; 15. Frank studies English _ _ _ __ hard and is making
20. Dolores angrily (throw) the money on the ftoor. f!j~· ~- ·•
~~
good progress.

94 95

-.~-r-
 ®
l

®
./ . \',°V · ' '-Y

(; ~1-lt
.t·" .J -~
Pronunciation of ed 2 ((;1r.,-~
- . : ! ..:-r·"' Contractions 1
(: ~·1···~
When we add ed to a verb that ends in a voiceless consonant (such as p, t, r;~¡- ~
f, k, s, sh); the ed is pronounced like t. · i ¡ -,A
Change the words in the italics to the contracte<l forro.
(,~¡·,~
asked passed l. I am ver¡ busy toda y. I'm
.,.:
~
'" (
walked pushed 1, .,.:.i1¡
2. You are a very good student.
When we add ed to a verb that ends in a vowe! or in a voiced consonant
(such as b, d, v, g, z), the ed is pronounced like d. ~~+~
( ~·¡·8
3. He is going to the movies with us.
4. She is also going with us.
changed sneezed
('G:"¡·:~ 5. They are both good students.
grabbed Iived
~,:-~
,._ ¡ _
~ 6. I will meet you at six o'clock.
Write l or d to show the pronunciation of the ed in each word.
\· il ~ 7. Yo u will get tired if you walk so far.
( . 1 "".'

l. pulled d
(~ ¡ ~mt
8. He will be back at six o'clock.
'' crossed
9. He will be here soon.
2. walked 23. earned \~ás·;: -.
3. passed 10. We have been to London.
º24. entered
(e: -~· 11 . She has seen the Tower of London.

(.
4. washed 25. stopped
(~.1·18 12. I do no! know her well.
5. closed 26. saved
e~- 13. She does not speak English well.
6. changed '"li
L!. knocked
<•· "·~ 14. He did not speak to me about it.

.
7. u sed 28 . lived
8. liked (. . :T~ 15. They did no! arrive on time for the lesson.
29. killed
16. I will not be back until three o'clock.
9. pic~ed 3~. played \' ,-~~
1 -- . 17. Kathy will nor be able to meet us.
10. mail.ed 31. showed (lf ¡~ 18. I cannot go to the party tonight.
11. excused
(i):- l ~
~,

j_,_ _ dropped
19. She is nor a good student.
12. boiled 33. turned ·. -~ 1 ...

13 . finished ,.,
.)~ .
~
looked CfP j ~~'~ 20. They are not going to the party with us .

14. burn.~d 35 . smoked

:• ~ ¡ ~ 21. Sally wa.s not at the meeting last night.

15. filled . :lf ¡~-~ 22. Angela and Anita were not at the meeting, either.
36 . wished
23. There is someone at the door.
---~·-· j ·~
16. poured 37. hurried
-- 24. 1 am not going to the movie tonigbt.
17. worked 38. rushed ,.: ,~
18 . studied 39 . placed
!l/fi' 1 '~~
19. talked 40 . jumped (~, ~~
20. spelled 41. remained
··\; -¡~
~'--~
21. thanked 42. arrived
;~...:.¡ · -~'i'.§1

96 .~r~ 97

.~r;
 l -

@
'-?

(:V Contractions 2
~J.· ~ .rr\ ! ·.~...----.... ~~
(~· ¡( ~
;~'(~- ~
1 Contractións 3 .

Changé the following contractions-to the full form.

¡ ~t ·~'¡' -~ !¡ Write the word that rhymes with the contractions given.
'· ¡ . il
~¡·•~ª
l. He doesn'r speak English welL does noc • ;.,...-
. . ··;.1· ·. ~
_,. 1
l. I'rn: him, ham, time, sorne
time

2. I can't meet you after the lesson. !,\~r~ . 2. she's: miss, place, sneeze, this
3. I don 'r know her very well. \~r~~ 3. you're: four, tore, fear, sure
4 . He won'c be back until later. \~·-¡· ;~ 4. I've: leave, prove, ti.ve, save
S. She's a good student. ,Cf:l. S. they've: five, leave, save, prove

·~ 1-=-
6. Jr's a very hot day. 6. it's: eats, sits, sets, fights
7. She 'll be back in an hour. 7. we're: were, wear, hear, her
.Ce '~
8. They're the best students in our class. ~.,..!--#&
-~'>! · ~
8. they're: fear, hair, wire, four
9. Jr'll be easy for you to find him. 9. I'll: will, mile, meal, call
.~-.;,--.
10 . She's a very nice girL 10. you'll: full, feel, jewel, fell
11 . He won 'r be able to go with us. f ·~,· ~
·--
~··· - 11. he'll : well, will, hole, feel
12. Yuriko wasn't able to telephone her parents_ ...,·.- . ,~--
'. ~· .
.·
·~ 12. can't: paint, pant, faint, pint
13. f'm leaving on the three o'clock train. .~t ·1
:e 13. there's : wears, fears, pours, cheers
14. He 's going to study French next year. .• r~ 14. they ' ll: wheel, well, jail, will
15. I didn'c have time to call you last night. 15. he's : this, his, freeze, police
16. They aren 'c going to the movie with us.
17 . She isn't a good student .
18. They weren'r at the meeting either.
19. There's only one really good student in our class .
.·- ¡"8

~ ¡
. ~~

..::.__·

~-.··- · ~'
'·'
~
~
~
.. .
16. you've: prove, love, save , wave
17. it'll : will, little, tell, whistle
18. we'll : well, fill, fell, wheel
19. she ' ll: shell, shall, will, meal
20. There'll be plenty of room for everyone. ~·-;- · ..:~ 20 . we've: prove, leave, left, love
21. He doesn!t have much money with hirn . CP- . ·.~
22. They don'r have rnany friends in this town . ~\~
'v

23 . You're going to be late for class. ~':.'. -~

24. You'll be tired after so much .work.
·- -¡ji::: ~
...1Fi·: "i~
~---: ·~~

~i ·
er~
. l

1 . ¡
tpf-
\ .· ·,'· 1._ _:.·-~ 'I
1,.

-/l .. \\~, ,
~
-~<. . ! :-­
·~ 99

!
98
~;·f1t ~~-
1
I¡

11
l'\.
 e Prepositions 5
).,_·,-

«~·¡ -~-tt
. ¡
,. , §
1 . -

g .-~ u
.·.

Vocabulary review 4
(r-('fe ~
Write the correct prepositions in the blanks. (~~l~
Select the correct answer and write it in the space provided.
l. She placed the accent _ _ _ _ the wrong syllable. on (•~r -~ expensive

(~l-·
l. The opposite of cheap is (poor, expensive, new, old).
2. English grammar is very easy _ _ __ me.
2. Which of these verbs is in the past tense: see, fly, grow,
3. The child ran and hid _ _ __ a tree. (~r~ ran, wear?
4. This book belongs Gil. (~·¡ ~- 3. We pronounce the word said to rhyrne with (paid, head,
S. He told us all his trip to Europe. 1~:·¡- ·~~ sad, hid).
4. \Vhich of these verbs is in the present tense: threw,
6. She will be in Europe
7 · I'll be back ---~ ten minutes.
six months.
:~,-­ held, lent, shot, send?
(~·1-e 5. Which of these verbs has the same fonn in the past.
8. I can study. during the day but not - - - - night.
(. ¿ i -e tense as in the present tense: lend, send, hurt, win?
9. Tom prefers to srndy the morning. .•. 1 ;
6. Prwy good means (very good, not good, rather good,
10. He wants to take a trip _ _ __ the world. (~·¡ ·~
awfully good).
11. We need more practice _ _ _ _ conversation. ¡et~ · ¡~· 7. If you feel too hot, what do you do with your coat: put
12 . She must spend more time _ _ _ _ _ her English.
13. They played a trid: _ _ _ _ him.
14. Later they ali laug_ned _ _ _ _ him.
...¡,.
:IF '\~

6)= '' ~
it on, take it off, pick it up, put it away?
8. What is the superlative forrn of the adjective good?
9. What is the superlative form of the adjective bad?
15. He rnakes many mistakes _ _ __ spelling. · ~ ·r~. 10. Which one of these past tense fonns do we pronounce
~ i ·-r.~ as a word of only one syliable: painted, counted, pushed,
16. I saw the president _ _ __ television last night. - ! '
.I~ wanted?
17. Debbie wants to borrow sorne money - me. 1
11. Which one of these past tense forms do we pronounce
18. Shall I lend it her? • ¡ ·~ as a word of two syllables: pulled, asked, thanked, waited,
19. He arrived \.Vashington yesterday. '~ f ~ rained?
20 . The doctor gave me sorne medicine my é'- f'~ 12. \Vhich of the following do we call a contracted forrn:
cough. ( 1
yo u are, he is, we '11, they we re?
• . ¡ ~
21. We went a walk in the park. 13. We pronounce the contraction she'll to rhyme with (tell,
. \ ~ tall, still, steal).
22. She left a rnessa.ge yo u.
----·-- - ~·¡;.-~ "lr? 14. In which of these can you travel fastest: sm:etcar, bus,
23. He will leave
1-+. She will be very a.ngry
\Vednesday for New York.
you.
ec ·~ train, airplane?
15. \Vhich one of the following words is not spelled cor-
. •.. ~@
( rectly: telephone, Wednesday, sylable , stopping, Jan-
'r ,· ·• uary?
¡~ ,: ~ 16. Which letter in the word wrist is silent (not pro-
1 -- 1 nounced)?
;~:·} ::. 17. Which letter in the word ghosc is silent (not pro-

100
i~t·
. - -~
nounced)?
101
 e
.....
J' .l
',

;-;-í a '
¡~f -~

@
..
~i , ü : -- H
General review 6 ~-:rt :e_ ., Ordinal numbers

Select the correct form. Write your answers in the blanks. :;Eli ¡
1 We use ordinal numbers for names of streets, for dates, and to show se-
q uence. The ordinal nurnbers for 1, 2, 3, and 5 have irregular form.s. All

(~'~-~
other ordinal numbers are fonned by adding th to the cardinal number.
l. The book, (which, who) is very old, is for sale. which Sorne of these .ordinal numbers, however, require spelling changes, as in
: ~ nvelfrh and twentieth.
írr~
' '

2. She is much taller (as, than) Rita.

3. I didn·r see (sorneone, anyone) in the room. Cardinal Number Ordinal Number Abbreviated Form
4. Listen'. Ir (rains, is raining). '~}· 1 first lst

5. Yeste¡day he (feel, felt) rnuch better.

'rr• 2
3
second
third
2nd
3rd
6. They have (many, much) friends in Washington.
7. Do you put (rnuch, man y) sugar in your coffee?
-~··
1'
;~ ·1~
1 '
4
5
founh
fifth
4th
5th
6 si.xth 6th
8. She doésn't want to study French next year. (also, either). :•~ ·19
,.,i-.
'¡

9. What ti.me (will you, you will) be able 10 meet me? Write the ordinal numbers and their abbreviations.
. i
10. We (2.:-e güing, go) to school every <lay by bus.
.~c ¡ ~e Ordinal Number Abbreviared Form
11. They lfiave, are having) their lunch now. first lst
' ¡ ...
'.g:::k \·. ' l. one

•..• .
12. (This. These) pencils be long to Rache!. second 2nd
~l ;y])• 2. tWO
· ~'! \~
13. Were you absent (in, frorn) school yesterday?
i .· ,· ,-:;a 3. three
14. Let's nm (to eat, eat) in that restaurant again. ,~ .. - ~
: -~
4. four
15. The ch.ild (run, ran) frorn the room.
5. five
16. I'm so:-ry, but I (can, could) not come to class yesterday. :-~ 6. six
17. Listen~ The telephone (rings, is ringing).
-- ¡·~ 7. seven
18. Does he (makes, make) many mistakes in spelling? ~ -¡ ~ 8. eight
19. What ti..11e (did, do) you get up this morning?
,.,J :-~ 9. nine
20. There (was, were) many students absent from class yes-
ilff-' ' -~ 10. ten
terda\·.
21. It is dimcult (understand, to understandJ him.
22. N ancy ei.lways prepares her lessons ( careful, carefully).
.,
~- \
. . '~
~
11. eleven
1.2. twelve
~-· ; ~.,,
13. thirteen
23. Dennis speaks English (good, well). .-·~·
..,.·:· - ~~
{. .
14. eighteen
24. J waited for hirn far (a, an) hour.
~ 1 -­ 15. twenty
;¡,.,l :...
.'-... , ! ~ 16. twenty-one
(J .
~ C '.'.,. 17. twenty-five
,:",~' l
~=
18. thirty

103
102
 8
-·~" ¡ ., ~
~ Review: negative form [~~ -·!rt
;~~. -~~u
~
r" ! • . .. ~I Review: question form ·
Sorne general rules to remember in forming the negatives follow. ;.'@c;. 1rt
a. To be, present and past tenses 1:~~{·- ft Sorne general rules to follow wben forrning questions follow.
\ 1 .
F orm the negative by placing nor after the \ crb.
1
:'·f- ; \ ~ a. To be, present and past tenses .
.~+ ~
I am nora good tennís player. They were nor surprised to see
Form the question by placing the verb before the subject.
me. Are you his frienci? Was he interested in the stereo?
b. Auxiliary verb ..! j ·IDA
¡~ 1·"~
Form the negative by placing nor after the au:xiliary. b. Auxiliary verb . .
She will nor take computer classes. You may nor go out this :~ ;- ~ Form the question by placing ~he auxiliary ve_rb befo~e the sub~ec;.
late. ,.; .-~ May we go to the movies wHh you? Wtll she wm first pnze .
c. Do, does, did
Form the negative with the auxiliaries do, does , and did by placing
;. j1t c. Do, does, did
The auxiliaries do, does, and did are used for questions where there
nor after the auxiliaries.
-We do not speak Chinese. He did nor win first place .
·l f ~ is no r~gular auxi!iary verb.
She has a lot of friends here . Does she have a lot of friends
: CF1-~ here?
Change to the negative form. Vfrite the complete Yerb in the blanks.
;• ;·1' Y ou left early. Did you leave early?
l. They will study in our class will not srudy ., . 1 -~
Change to the question form. \:\"rite the complete verb and subject in the
2. She speaks English well.
·~:! \~ blanks.
3. She spoke to me in English .
a r · i'ifA Will 'h<:!:: return
;VJ' i ~ 1. They will return on Monda.y .
4. She can speak English well.

;..
e'= ; 'q~ 2 . He left on the five o'clock train.
S. He is an excellent student.
6. They wem with us to the movies last night.
,._ ~ 3. She is a good manager .
·~ 4. They visited us in our home !ast night.
( 7. Henry was in class yesterday ..
5 . He will be out of town for a week.
8. They are having their lunch now . ~
6. Someone is knocking at the door.
9. It is raining hard .
! ~
10. The telephone is ringing. ¡.\'
•
-~
7. They were not in class yesterday.
8. Rudy was sick yesterday .
11. The wind blows hard at this time of ye ar .
12. I will be back in an hour .
o:· . ~ 9. We are going to study F rench next yeár.
13 . He brought his sister to the lesson.
.., - :,~ 10. I t is going to rain .
11. There is someone ar the door.
14. She plays the piano very well.
12. He spoke to her about it.
15. We must tell .tvfr. Per:ez abour this.
13. She speaks English perfecrl y.
16. You may wait here .
14. Patricia is one of his best friends .
17 . He wrote his composition in pencil.
15. They study in the same dass.
18. It is a very warm day.
16. She can meet us after the lesson .
17. We rnust write our exercises in ink.
104
105
 _¡\,. ;
8 Word stress
~ !, . ::fS~¡ij
) •'

,~.l ..,19 . ..
\.~ .. :-·~- ~
'~ (~
1 .-~ .:
§ Regular and irregular verbs

Write the number of syllables in ea ch of the words below. Then show which
~- 1·~
Write reg beside each regular verb. Write irreg heside each irregular verb.
syllable is stressed in each word. P:factice pronouncing each word.
If you do not remember ali the verbs, check previous lessons.
e::-·
l
·J~
'·.~
Number of Syllables Stressed Syllable 1
irreg
l. sit 23. stand
l. apartment 3 2nd
~ ¡-~ 2. wait reg 24. need
2. Canada
!-·· r~ 3. bring 25. speak
3. repair
4. banana
5. cafeteria
6. Mississippi
7. Chicago
..\•
re~ ¡=-
~ ¡-=-
.:~
j

~ - y-,:e
\-~
I~
..
1
~
... ~
4. count
5. wish
6. write
7. win
8. wear
26. meet
27. talk
28. thank
29. mak:e
30. study
8. po¡mlar ~\ 1 . 9. wash 31. stop
9. popularity
.,,l ·~ -~~

10. want

• ·1··
32. send
10. population 11. walk 33. shake
11. capital 9: 1~-=· 12 . throw 34. run
. 1 .
12. telephone ..,
-~ ~ -¡~
,,·~ 13. think 35. raise
13. tornorrow ¡~ ,-=~
·.""' 14. tell 36. put
~¡ ~
14. president
15. preparation
16. prohibited
• r:e
-~¡~
15. turn
16 . visir
37. remam
38. bring
17. use 39. protect
17. excused ·rr~ 18. teach 40. pass
18. finished ,0u ·¡~ 19. take 41. pick
19. library ~ ] -~ .. 20 . swim 42. buy
20. Saturday ..
.~ , _- .\~ 21. call 43. play
1 .
21. Wednesday ..a::::.t ''\.~ 22. understand 44. cut
22. nationality
____ __:_....
. · 1-\,,~
i

23. language.
•\1--i~
24. holiday ~ · l~
. . ..·'. 1. ·'•

~~_.,;
,~;_~ .!-~
~- ¡. -~
..
106.
~·
..L ~~
J.-if~L-_ - · ·.
JI
~-~"
i

f
107
8 Abbreviations 8 Prepositions 6

Write the full forro of the items which appear below. Write the correct prepositions in the blanks.

si.~ ounces l. She carne to this country _ _ _ _ 1984. in

l. 6 oz. 25. 4 ft.
2. 1 lb. 26. 7th St. 2. He goes to his country house bus.
3. 1 mi. 27 . Ave. 3. She lived home until she was eighteen .
4. 7 A.M. 28. Blvd. 4. There is someone the door.
5. 6 P.M . 29. Rd. 5. She studied French two years.
6. .5 30. Bldg. 6. I spoke hirn abo·ut it.
7 . V2 31. Feb. 7. Please explain me what you mean.
8. % 32. Aug. 8. I looked everywhere my book.
9. 6% 33. Dec. 9. We all went a walk in the park.
10. #5 34 . sq . ft. 10. This chair is too heavy _ _ _ _ me to carry.
11. 68º 35 . lst 11. In tennis;the ball goes the net.
12 . AC 36. 3rd 12. \Ve drove to school John's new car.
13. DC 37. 7th 13. She stole the money her friend .
14. etc . 38. Thurs . 14. The sun rises _ _ _ _ the east.
15. 1 gal. 39. Wed. 15. He makes many mistakes grammar.
16. TV 40. FM 16. I often go to their home dinner.
17. C.0.D . 41. NBC 17. I'll be back an hour.
18. qt. 42. N.Y. 18. I arn sure that I can finish this work a few
19 . pt . hours.
43 . Pa.
19. Does the train always arrive time?
20. yd. 44. D.C.
20. She visited us _ _ _ _ two weeks.
21. in. 45. Md.
22. & 21. John went to California plane.
46. Mi ch.
22. He telephoned me the middle of the night.
23 . Inc. 47. Cal.
23. She opened the door and walked _ _ _ _ the room. ·
24. 2 yrs. 48. Ill.
24. The rock fell the river.

108 109
 8 Vocabulary review:
mistakes of fact 4
;~l,.
· :~
/ ':!".·íl--~·
' --
:-~-:\¡ ; ~,··;
( 1
. :~l1.
.
M

8 Vocabulary review 5

1.~· r~ Selei:t the corred answer and write it in the space provided.
The iterns in boldface are mistakes. Change them to make the fads correct, 1 ~"!1· ~
:' 1 l. Which one of these verbs is in the past tense: see, bring,
and write your answers in the blanks. . ,3¡ !\J :~ find, won, say? won
.L - ,
; ~ r·Jf!
i

1. December is the first month of the ye ar. last

2. Which ene of these verbs has the same form in the past

~+-
2. The next to the last month of the year is October. tense as in the present tense: win, hit, take, sit, see?

3. The word cafereria has four syllables. ~:

~
·:: • --
_ ,.._·¡r·,,~
3. A synonym for playrhing is (lesson, toy, classroom, chalk).
4. We accent the word cafeteria on the fourth syllable.
i 1
4. To call on sorne o ne is to (see, telephone, visit,_ like)
~ ¡¡ -~ him or her.
5. The contracted forrn of will nor is willn 't.
¡~ ¡! -. 5. If I am rired ow, I am (rarher tired, not tired, very tired,
6·~ · The past tense form of cut is caught.
~r~
a_little tired).
7. The past terise form of hit is heat. ' 11 6. Which one of these words is not spelled correctly:
: ~ .. ;~·~
8. The largest state in the United States is florida . (~1 1·· ~ daughter, grammer, interesting, secretary, Philadel-
9. Canada líes east of the United States. . h::e
... 11

• : .· i! '. -..-
phia?

:~\ 7. In order to sweep, yo u need a (hammer, gun, stick,

10. The plural form of thar is these . .,--- '_:¡·~--­
¿
~
¡, broom) .
11. There are four feet in a yard. ,.liil":
.,... l~~:! \~
l .-~
8. We pronounce the contraction we're to rhyme with (there,
12. There are six quarts in a gallan. .· F
..,.
M.r' i\ :\
,/ -~
-ri31. wear, near, fare, wire) .
13. There are one hundred millimeters in one centirneter.
~-i r~
_" .. 9. The opposite of in fronc of is (near, alongside, behind,
14. There are fourteen in ches in a foot. -- -w between).
15. The second largest city in the U nited Sta tes is Phila- • ·' -e 10. Which letter in the word haif is silent (not pronounced)?
delphi<:. 'lf ~) 11. Which letter in the word walk is sile"nt (not pro-
nounced)?·
-~
16. The longest river in the United States is the Hudson
River. 12. In which of these words do we pronounce the letter s
17. The people of Brazil speak Spanish.
18. \Ve pronounce the word chanked as a word of two syl-
· ·~
-~ .-e
like z: kiss, visir, pass, ask?
13. Which word does not rhyrne with the others: lie, high,
lables. • • ¡' ~ cry, fty, tea, buy?
19. The coldest season of th~ year in the Unite:d States is ..fin~
_Jiitff -~ .-- ··
·--·~w
14. Which word does not rhyme with the others: fight, bite,
autumn. right, height, weight?
20. If today is Tuesday, then the day befare yesterday was
e -: -~
15. A synonym far cenr is (nickel, dime, penny, quaner).
Saturday. 16. We pronounce the word lose to rhyme with (chose,
21. If today is Tuesday, fhen the day after ~omorrow will rose, choose, blouse).
be "Friday. 17. A synonym for ar lasr is (later, once, finally, irnmedi-
22. There are fifty-six weeks in a year. - ately).

23. !n the United States, we celebrare Independence Day

on May 30th.

111
110
@ General review 7 8 Possessive
Possessive pronouns
Possessive Possessive Possessive
Select the correct form. Write your answers in the blanks. Adjective Prono un Adjecrive Prono un
my mme our ours
l. Look'. That is Michel who (crosses, is cros.sing) the street. is crossing
your yours your yours
2. Sandra (comes, is coming) to school e\·ery day by bus. his his . their theirs
her hers
3. 'Ne (was, were) both absent from class yesterday.
its its
4. She doesn't (have, has) many friends in rhe class. That is my car. That car is mine .
5. There aren't (many, much) students in our English class. Those are our seats. Those seats are ours.
6. YoUí book is different (from, as) mine.
Write the correct posses.sive pronouns in the blank.s.
7. Ms. Tiu is (a, an) very good teacher.
l. This book is her book. hers
8. He is much younger (as, than) Mr. Abbott.
9. The weather today is (warmer, more warm) rhan it was 2. These pencils are my pencils.
yesterday. 3. This office is her o/fice.
10. She speaks English almost (perfect, pe:fectly). 4. These magazines are our magazines.
11. He wants (me to go, thar I go) with him . 5. These cigarettes are my cigarettes.
12. I didn't hear (someone, anyone) in the room. 6 . Those cigarettes on the table are your cigarettes .. ·
13 . (~o. ~ot) many students attended the meeting. 7. These pencils are their pencils.
14. He gave (her, ~o her) the money. 8. I think that this notebook is your notebook.
15. He told (us, to us) the whole story of his trip. 9. This newspaper is my newspapet.
16. It was really (a. an) interesting story. 10. This notebook is her notebook.
17. Listen~ I think it (begins, is beginning) to rain. · 11. That hat and coat are his hat and coat.
18. She (does, makes) many mistakes in grammar. 12. This umbrella is my umbrella.
19. I don·t know how old (is he, he is). 13. These seats are our seacs.
20. I can do al! of rhese exercises (e as y, eé.sily). 14. That pair of scissors is her pair of scissors.
21. He often (brings. is bringing) his sister t_o the .lesson . 15. This classroom is our classroom.
22. (This, These) books belong to the teacher. 16. That classroom on the other side of the hall is your
classroom.
17. These books are Jack and Nina's books.
18 . Those books over there on the table are my books.
19. Is this pen your pen?
20. No, it is not my pen; it is Gregory's.
21. Is this pack of cigarenes your pack of cigarettes?
22. This pack of cigarenes is his pack of cigarettes.
113
112
e Reflexive pronouns 1
Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the sentence when the subject
(_~l ·[: na
'j'ffi"'
.· __ v_

1 ~~ -~~r -
,_··~-
'
."
!'

r
--'):~_-"'.'IA
..... - -~
__
11 ~ ~
":"~.-1-_-~
'

' 1
_ r~I
(
1

1
8 Reflexive pronoúns 2
When by is placed before the reflexive pronoun, it means "alone, wit_hout
and the object are the same person. !
'
-·r~ -\, 9
'" { 4?' :,
.
i .
help."
~" ~ -~
The boy hurt himself. We saw aurselves in the mirror. i ~·>f ~. I stayed in the house by myself. (I stayed in the house without other
She burned herself.
Reflexive pronouns are used to emphasize the subject.
.'.·~·r '~
( l

· ~'- ~
people.)
She changed the tire by herself. (Nobody helped her.)

The judge himself awarded the prize. For the word afane, write the preposition by and the correct reflexive pro-
I myself will help you. i~'~' · ·· ·· .
~I .
1 ' - .
noun.
myself ourselves ,~ , ~ by herself
yourself yourselves 1. She went for a walk in the park ala ne.
hirnself themselves iCJr·¡·-ze 2. I don't like to study afane.
herself ~¡<"
-~,. -
--:ra
~
_
3. He eats lunch every day in the cafeteria afane.
itself
~- ... -:na
.
Write the correct reflexhe pronouns.
himself
··~

~X
~ -
e:-:1 '~"
·-;" ~

:-:e
.
4. Do you like to eat alone?
S. The two boys will study afane.
6. E va and I will also study afane.

•·f.
1. ?vfatt shaves every morning.
2. Sheila burt when she fell. 7. The old wornan lives alane in a furnished room.

•.·'
8. The dog found its way home afane.

··
3. I will prepare lunch for everybody. •
'
. .r ; a
-~
4. Sam looked at in the rnirror. 9. He works afane in a small office.
10. He often goes for a 'Nalk in the park afane .
5. We enjoied
6. The poor \voman shot _ _ __
ar the party last night.
-.·-. 11. Do you like to go to the rnovies afone?
. ,~
7. Be careful ~ Yo u will cut with that knife. 12. She did all the work alane.

8. The dog hurt when it jumped over the fence. ir .-=- 13. She plans to go to Europe next summer alone.

9. The child burned on the hot stove. -- ·:e 14. The boys study afane in one group .

10. My young son can dress

11. Can your little daughter dress
very well.
yet? ,, :--.
;¡· ·-a
~~
15. The girls study afane in another group .
16. I don't want to go to the theater .íllone.

12. -J cut
13. Did you enjoy
yesterday on a piece of glass.
at John's party last night? -.J- ·-.
H _ ·.-·~
:- A
17. Sorne people like to go to the th'eater alone, but I don' t.
18. They eat afane in a special room.
19. Beth sat alone in a comer all evening long .
14. The presidem will deliver the principal ad-
dress. ~- ·;-czo 20. We plan to decorare the apartment a!one .
15. That horse will hun _ _ __ if it falls in that hole. ~; - ~
16. We heard Anne shout at the teacher.
17. She says that she will return the book to
you.

115
114
 Present perfect tense 1
Form the present perfect tense with have or has and the past participle_ of
8 Pfesent perfect tense 2
The present perfect tense is for an action which began in the past and is
the main verb. still continuing.
I have stopped. She has stopped. He has lived there since June. (He is still living there.)
:rhe present perfect tense is use<l for a past action where the exact time is They have worked here far three years. (They are still working here.)
not mentioned or where there is repeated action in the past. T.he simple past Note the difference in meanings in the examples below.
tense is used to talk about an action that occurred at a definite time in the
past. Note these differences. I ha ve lived he re far two years. (I stíll live here . )
I lived there for two years. (But I don't live there anymore.)
Pase Present Perfect
I went to Houston last month. I have gane to Houston severa! times. Write the corrcct tense (past or present perfect) according to the meaning
She was there yesterday. She has been there befare. of the sentence.
AH past participles of regular verbs end in ed and are the same as in the l. We are now living on 72nd Street, where we (live) for
past tense. The past participles of irregular verbs must be memorized. See almost ti.ve years. have lived
the appendix for a list of irregular verbs and their forrns.
2. From 1979 to 1983, we (live) on 96th Street.
Write the following ,. erbs in the present perfect tense. 3. Joan (study) French in Paris many years ago.
4. Paul is now in the hospital. He (be) there for three
l. He (spoke) to me about it many times. has spoken
weeks.
2. They (ñnish) their dinner. 5. World War II (begín) in 1939 and ended in 19-+5 .
3. I (be) in Washington severa! times. 6. I am now studying English. I (study) it for almost two
4. I (hear) her sing once or twice. years.
5. They (be) good friends for years. 7. Marie (study) Spanish when she was in high school.
6. We (leam) many new.words. 8. It is natural that George speaks Gennan well because
he (speak) it all his life. ·
7. I (lose) my umbrella.
9. Gloria (be) our teacher since January.
8. She (srudy) that same exercise five or si.x times.
. 9. They (clean) the house from top to bottom .
10 . We (be) in California last winter.
11. Mr . and Mrs. Mancini now live in California. They
10. They (give) up their home in f~1e country.
(live) there since 1980.
11. She (be) late for class many times.
12. Before she carne to the United States, Alice (live) in
12., We (drive) to New York from Miami many times. Venezuela for two years.
13. He (make) and lost severa! fortunes. 13. She (start) to study English as soon as she carne to the
14. The police (captured) the thief ar !ast. United States .
15. Ms. Martinez (teach) man y students to speak English. 14. She (study) English since then.
16 . l (see) that same movie three times. 15. She and I are good friends. In fact, we (be) friends for
more than ten years.
17. He (lend) me money several times in the past.
16. We (become) friends while we were students.
18 . I (read) that novel several times.

117
116
 (¡,;t-~ .
( C'-

-~t~!~
@) Present perfect tense:
negative form
To form the negative of the present perfect tense, place not after have or
has. The contractions haven't and hasn't are generally used.
<vr· ~
~··· -.:-a
,~·r'~/
(~'1)~
8 Present perfect tense:
question form
Form questions with the present perfed tense by pladng have or has before
the subject.
c•~\1 ·~ Have you visited the Louvre?
We ha ve nor (haven 'r) been here very long.
lt has nor (hasn'r) become very hot yet. í.t·l" _l~ Has Flight 109 arrived yet?
(~'\
~
,··.- @
-
Change the following sentences from the affirmative to the negative form. Change to the question fonn. Write the complete verb and subject in the
~1.11) blanks.
Use contractions.

l. We have been good friends for years. haven't been ·r.-.,-.

l~ -i. -'"1A
l. He has studied English for inany years. Has he studied

·7'1 ~ 2. They have known each other for a long time.

tw¡ ·~
2. She has felt wel! recently.
3. He has worked her e for about five years. 3. They have seen that movie.
4. I ha ve read that story. itJL ·¡·¡~ 4. He has been in this class since January.

5. He has studied English for man y years.

..- \--· 5. They have lived there since before the war.
6. He has left for Chicago.
·~ :·• 6. Helen has been the best student in the class.
7. The lesson has begun.
8. She has been the best student in the class.
9. I ha ve found my pen .
10. I have spoken to hirn about it.
.;·,·
~n i
T ·-·I ·~

~· ¡¡

~ 1
--A
.·

__

-
7. They ha ve finished their dinner.
8. The train has left.
9. \Ve have learned many new words this week.
10. They have been in Europe a long time.
11. \Ve have known each other a long time.
12. He has been head of that department for two years.
; 1;,
~ ·' ·¡;~
11. She has been sick for severa! weeks .
12 . They ha ve been in Asia befo re .
13. He has lived in the Cnited States a long time.
13. She has been a very serious student.
~· · '¡ -. 14. Janet has liked to travel since she was a child.
14. Phi! has been sick for a long time . M:r'"ª
. .:u ·¡· \~
15. They have been in Europe since !ast January . 15. They ha ve been friends since their high school days .
, .···~ 16. The mail has arrived .
16. We have lived iri this house for ten years.
fl ·-~
17. He has been very kind to her.
18. Nora and Mary have been absent from class all week.
-- ..
AX
_,,
4.'lf¡j,•..

.· -,1
,..~
.~ . .

-~
, .__
17. The school bel! has rung .
18. He has worked as a mechanic.
19 . They have had their lunch.
19. You have made this same mistake before . "' . .;g
20. I have had time to do it.
4_
.,,º '~
"°Y 20. It has been raining ali night.
21. All the girls have !et .
21. I have known him for a long time. .~ .-11)
22. He has had rather strange dreams.
22 . He has ¡;entioned it to me . _t;.' ;~
~ty'~;:e
'6~.re

118
. 1~
l~~~ 119

.\li
~~~-- ./
-· ~· -
·· ------ :--··--- - ~

@ Say, tell @ Review: verb forms

Say is for direct quotations. The exact words of the speaker are used with
quotation marks around thern. Write the past tense fonns and the past participle forrns in the blanks.

Jan said, "When are we leaving?" She said to me, "I will probably Past Past Past Past
arrive late."
Participle Participle
Say is for indirect quotations, also. The words of the speaker are reported. l. see saw se en 25 . eat
Erica said (to me) ü1ai: she wanted to go to the movies with us. asked asked
2. ask 26. fall
Tell is for indirect quotations when the person to whom the words are spoken 3. know 27. feel
is mentioned without a prepo_sition. 4. get 28 . study
J oseph cold me thar his car was at the mechanic's. 5. arrive 29. live

Tell has sorne special idiomatic uses: 6. ha ve 30 . fty

7. make 31. forget
to tell time rn tell a story
to tell a secret ~o tell about something 8. find 32. give
to tell the truth w tell a lie 9. grow 33. go
The word thar, when us.....o.<l as a conjunction to introduce a subordinate clause 10. le ave 34. he ar
as in these sentences ~ is often dropped in everyday speech. Thus we may 11. walk 35. be
say, "He said that he was busy" or "He said he was busy." Both forms
12. show 36 . end
are used, and both are ~orrect in English.
13. say 37. mean
Write the correct forrn of say or tell in th~ blanks. 14. learn 38. me et
l. The teacher us (that) h~ was .too busy 15. use 39. re ad
to\d
to see us. 16. tell 40. ride
2. He (that) he had too much work to do . 17. bring 41. ring
3. Pe ter (that) English was difficult for him. 18. wait 42. run
4. Can you me where I can find Mr. Smith? 19. be gin 43 . sell
5. Alicé'" (that) she could not meet us after the 20. break 44 . talk
lesson.
21. buy 45 . shake
6. She (that) she did not feel well.
22. come 46. sleep
7. Georg e me all about his trip to New York .
23. cost 47 . speak
S. He (that) he liked New York very much.
24. do 48. take
9. You can believe \\"i-lliam because he always
the truth.
10. Henry yesterday (that) he liked the new
teacher very much.

121
120
 ·/- .1( -
}'~-rr ·"~
@ Review: negative form
r' •'·' ~ '"·~
.....- ¡· ~
.-
rla.· ··~ \~.
, ~ · ¡í

( ~\ ~i~
...
j .
:i'Ja
·~
@· Review: question form

Change to the negative form. \\'rite the complete verb in the_ blank.s.
( 11 :
(~· ~ ~
Change to the question form. Write the complete verb and subject in the
blank.s.
- l. He speaks English well. does not speak
·~ ·f ~ l. He comes to school by bus . Does he come
2. They went to the mo\·ies wíth us last night.
(~ i~. 2. They líve on Fifth Avenue .

.,'rve
r=e
3. They have delivered the mail.
3. He went to Chicago last week.
4. It is beginning to rain.
4. He will be there at least two weeks.
5. She is a good studem .
~· ·1 --:A
~ ·1 ~ 5. He len wants to study history next year.
6. She left on the three o'clock train .
7. She \Vi_ll return on \\.ednesday . ... ~, -'[ ~
-~ 6. She is an excellent student.

8. He has rnany friends in this school. e:;1.;:·=e 7. She is going to study in the Unired States .
1
8. Mr. Sanchez lenr him the money.
· ·"¡~
9. He has gone out of to.wn. . , ·~
·..· 1 9. You saw him on the hus.
10. Elaine was at the meeting last night. ar_ ·\ 1r~
~· '~
.
' 1
10. His wife was with him.
11 . They prepared their nomework very well . gc: . ~rie 11 . The bus was very crowded at the time.
12 . He comes to school by bus . lw~ 1 \_,.a
..
,-v
•.re
W'F" 12. They have a lot of time to study .
13. There is a magazine on the table .
13 . She wrote you a letter about it.
14 . Noriko has studied English for a long time.
15 . She began to study Eng:lish in elernentary school. • re
. 1
14. She has studied English for a long time .
15 . He has severa] white shins.
16. \Ve waited a half hour for him .
17. He told us ali' about it.
1c· -=~
·e
_·,..
Ir
. ., ~
16. The wind is blowing very hard.
. r ,~ .
18 . I will be back in an hour. ,__
,
, ~
I \~
17.· She can speak both French and Spanish.
18. They go to the movies together every Saturday.
19. I arn going to the bookstore to buy sorne books . i-,·. · -~
1 19. They have seen all the latest movies .
20. She has worked in that office since 1983.
f::'~ 20. He must come back later.
21. She can speak English perfectly . . !

22. You must tell him about it.

t .l -F~ 21. She threw the ball.

23. She writes rnany letters to her brother.

_ _}_\ -~ 22 . He was here on Wednesday .

24 . He put ali his books on the teacher' s desk. é,·,-re 23. They sit beside each other in class.
F--· __¡~ 24. She is feeling better today.
,_ ! =-
~ F'
t? ic·
6.1!
(f~
{ ~
122
t?~ r 123

1
6}~
1

~, . ..
~H-:
_..;;..; ,~-
 S lndirect object position
Certain verbs can take both an indirect and direct object. We use the
@) Vocabulary review:
opposites 4
prepositions to or far if the indirect object comes after the direct object. Write the opposites of the following words.
He gave the money to me.
l. clean dirtv 26. black
' They brought a present far you.
I told a story to everybody. 2. top 27. few
When the indirect object comes before the direct object, no preposition is 3. young 28. sad
used. Verbs like give, send, bring, wrire, tell, lend, pay. and buy follow this 4. ugly 29. absent
pattern.
S. seldom 30. srrong
He gave me the money. 6. buy 31. stop
They brought you a present.
7. awake 32. son
I told everybody a story.
8. borrow 33. early
Restate the following sentences, putting the indirect object before the direct 9. tight 34. poor
object. Write the verb and the indirect object in the blanks.
10. high 35. far
l. He wrote a letter to Susan. wrote Susan 11. Iaugh 36. careless
2. She gave the money to her brother. 12. take 37. e as y
3. He sent sorne post cards to us. 13. outside 38. better
4. He brought sorne ftowers to her. 14. hard 39. best
5. John wrote a letter to Penny. 15. dull 40. dry
6. The teacher gave sorne homework to us. 16 . push 41. upstairs
7. He told the story to us. 17 . wide 42. smooth
8. We sent sorne flowers to Betty. 18. empty 43 . first
9. He brought a box of candy to her. 19. thick 44. front
10 . He gave . a piece to each of us. 20. behind 45 . same
ll. I took the ftowers to her. 21. expensive 46. north
12. She lent sorne money to me. 22 . .woman 47. west
13 . He sold the car to his friend . 23. cry 48. warm

14. He bought a new suit far his son. 24. sweet 49. hot
15. Please bring the newspaper to me. 25. rich SO. down

16. l gave the tickets to Patricia.

17. She paid the money to me .
18 . I told the story to Leo.

124 125
 -- ------ __
i,~\r;~-
, . - ~-­ ,· ª,. -~
... ~-- ...
.-

(~ •;i~r
@ Words used as nouns
and Veibs
< f 1\

.:~.. \·~. .=JI'#,

1

· er:\·t¡¡~
.· IL
. ;·
iii
"· '.{

.
1

@ Córresponding noun
and verb forms ·
Note how the following verbs change when they become nouns.
Man.Y English verbs are also used as nouns with no change in the forrn of ¡:Cj!\
_ ,_-
· 1·l¡/~¡.
Verb Noun Verb Noun
the word. Note the following examples: · f!!l"')\~'
- ~ "-1:! .. .· appear appearance describe description
Verb No un .. 1\
.. n: · 1'.'
'I'--,-,E_.it'·
, ,- .' · explain explanation lose loss
They work very 'hard. Their work is difficult. ! ....

';. r:
,' \¡1 arrive arrival decide decision
She has a great lave for the theater.
She laves seafood.
I ride to work on the subway. I gave Alice a ride to work.
Wríte the corresponding noun forrn of these verbs.
For additional practice using the same word as different parl'i of speech, ~ -··~~
make sentences with the following words: wish, finish, quesrion, cíe, talk, ('r" ll~j 1. to explain ~!anarion 11. to observe
quesrion, kiss, smile shour, promise, play, surprise, srart, walk, crowd, rest,
fall, need, move, sound, norice, ride , tum, and watch. Use each word once
.~-t~ 2. to collect 12. to excite
~.\~[.·.--¡·
. ·~ ~ 3. to arrive 13. to die
as a verb and once as a noun.
~\ --~, 4. to decide 14. to choose
-~ 1 \·--
Write noun if the italicized word of the sentence is used as a noun; write 5. to prove 15. to grow
••. f· ;\~i
verb if the italicized word is used as a verb. i 6. to agree 16. to marry
4i' 1. --~
verb ~}\ , \-~"
l. Why ·do you look so sad? 7. to believe 17: to enter
tf·' '\\~¡ 8. to punish 18. to begin

¡.¡-
Everyone noticed the look of surprise on his face.
2. We ali enjoy the scudy of English. ~ ¡-=• 9. to remain 19. to appear
. i
.lP.L ,:-;e 10. to lose 20. to repeat
They both study in the same class. WY 1 • ·-

3. Everyone heard the child's cries.

#J- Write the corresponding Yer.b form of these nouns.
\
The baby cries all day long . lf-
. 1 ·' 21. description describe 31. appearance
4. John will help us when he comes . , . '1 ~ 22. explanation 32. arrangement
We all need your help badly.
1>:_1 · 'f~ 23 . sa tisfaction 33. protection
5. He len wore a very pretty dress to the party. l.
~ \~
<\ . 24. laughter 34. discovery
The baby is süll too young to dress ítself. 35 . explosion
25. growth
6. Both buildings face the park .
1~ \ -n~
26. existence 36. imagination
The child has a beautiful face . 27. proof 37. loss
7. After just a few drinks, he beca me drunk. 28. agreement 38. failure
J ohn always drink.s milk with his meals . 29. arrival 39. en trance
8. \Ve plan to go to Europe next summer. 30. location 40. beginning
Tne plan to attack England by air failed .
9. All children lave candy.
His !ove for her will never die.

127
126
1