Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prepared by:-
Keralem Adane
Osman Giragn
Samuel Tesfaye
Tewodros Kassa
Tigistu Fisseha
Table of content
Acknowledgment…………………………………………………………..3
Introduction…………………………………………………………….…..4
Specification………………………………………………………………..5
1. Roof design...............................................................................................6
1.1. Wind load analysis………………………………………………...6
1.2. Analysis of lattice purlin………………………………………… 14
1.3. Design of truss……………………………………………………15
1.4. Design of lattice purloin………………………………………… 21
1.5. Slab roof design………………………………………………… 23
1.6. Weld design……………………………………………………… 25
2. Design of slab…………………………………………………………...26
2.1 Solid slab design…………………………………………………. 26
2.1.1 Depth determination……………………………………… 26
2.1.2 Loading…………………………………………………… 28
2.1.3 Analysis…………………………………………………… 29
2.1.4 Reinforcement design……………………………………… 38
2.2 Pre-cast slab design……………………………………………….39
2.2.1 Loading…………………………………………………… 40
2.2.2 Analysis and design……………………………………… 41
3. Design of stair………………………………………………………… 48
4. Frame analysis………………………………………………………… 55
4.1 Vertical load analysis…………………………………………… 55.
4.1.1 Solid slab………………………………………………… 55
4.1.2 Pre-cast slab……………………………………………… 59
4.2 Lateral load analysis…………………………………………… 62.
4.2.1 Earth quake analysis……………………………………… 62
4.2.2 Wind load analysis……………………………………… 64
4.3 Distribution of storey shear…………………………………… 67
4.4 Load combination……………………………………………… 83
5.Design of beam and column…………………………………………… 85
5.1 Beam design……………………………………………………85
5.1.1 Solid slab beams…………………………………………86
5.1.2 Pre-cast beams………………………………………… 93
5.1.3 Design of beams for shear and torsion………………… 99
5.2 Column design…………………………………………………104
5.2.1 Design procedure………………………………………. 104
5.2.2 Design of isolated columns…………………………… 111
5.2.3 Reinforcement design………………………………… 120
5.2.3.1 Solid slab column……………………………… 120
5.2.3.2 Pre-cast slab column…………………………… 121
6. Foundation design…………………………………………………… 124
Acknowledgment
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our advisor Ato Kibrealem Mebratu for
giving us critical advices throughout the project work. We would also like to thank our friend
Fasil Meles for his material support. At last but not the least, we would like to thank to our
parents for giving their countless material & moral support.
Introduction
Now a day’s it is being practical to choose types of structural members for different criteria’s
especially economy after assuring safety.
So in this particular project we have determined the cost variation for solid and pre-cast floor
system. To do this we have passed many steps.
This paper is prepared in partial fulfillment for the B.Sc. degree in civil engineering. The project
is a structural design of a G+4 commercial building with solid and pre-cast slab systems with
cost estimation & comparison for each staff. The building is located in Mekelle city. The
structural design consists of the design of roof truss, Slabs, Staircase, Beams, Columns and
foundation. The cost estimation comprises of cost for slabs, beams, columns and footings with
their respective formwork.
As can be seen from the architectural drawing, the floor arrangement is typical for all floors
except some modification on the cantilever parts.
For the solid type we first determine depth for deflection and made analysis for dead and live
load as EBCS recommends. During the design of beams, columns and footings we have grouped
them in reference to the stress they are bearing i.e. each group is taking relatively similar stress.
Limit state design method has been adopted for the whole components. Ethiopian building code
of standard EBCS 1, EBCS 2, EBCS 7 and EBCS 8, are referred for the design of the building.
The roof truss, ribs and frame are analyzed using SAP 2000 V 9 for different combination of
loads. And a combination with a critical effect is taken for sizing members and determination of
rebar.
Working drawings for beams, columns, footings stair case and floor slabs are prepared. And
finally Bill of Quantity for Concrete work, Rebar and Footing are prepared.
Generally in this project we have shown the basic steps for analysis and design of frame
structures and we believe we have done a fabulous work which is almost accurate and we
deserve a big hug.
Specification
Purpose – commercial building
Approach- Limit state design method
Material – Concrete – 25, class – I works
Steel S – 300 deformed bars
RHS for roof truss and purlin
EGA- 300 for roof cover is used.
Partial safety factors – concrete γc=1.5
Steel γs=1.15
Unit weight of concrete γc=24KN/m3
Supporting ground condition = sandy gravel with bearing capacity of 560KPa
Design Data and Materials
Concrete
fck = 0.8*25MPa =20MPa
fctk= 0.21*fck 2/3 =1.547MPa
fcd= 0.85*fck =11.33MPa
γc
fctd= fctk=1.032MPa
γc
Steel
fyk= 300MPa
fcd= 260.87MPa
Design loads
Fd= γf*Fk
Where
Fk = characteristics loads
γf = partial safety factor for loads
= 1.3 for dead loads
= 1.6 for live loads
Seismic condition
Mekelle – Zone 4
1. Roof Design
Roof layout
2 7 * KT
Ce(z) = C r ( Z ) * C t ( Z ) * 1 +
C r ( Z ) * Ct ( Z )
Where KT = terrain factor
- For urban area in which at least 15% of the surface is covered with buildings by their
average height is 15m.
KT = 0.24
Cr(ze)= roughness coefficient
= KT.ln.(z/z0) for Z min≤ Z
Cr(ze)=Cr(Z min) for Z<Z min
Z0 is the roughness length ( from table 3.2 Art. 3.8.3)
Z min is the minimum height
Z min=16m , Z0 =1m ( from table 3.2 Art. 3.8.3)
Z= the height of the building at roof level
Z=16.91m
Z
Cr(Ze)=KT*ln e = 0.24*ln(16.91/1)
Zo
Cr(Ze = 0.679
Ct(ze)= is the topography coefficient (Art. 3.8.4) and is unity or 1 for not topography unaffected
zone
Ce(ze)= 0.6792 *12*[ 1+(7* 0.24/(.679 *1))]= 1.602
Cpe is the external pressure coefficient derived from appendix .A of EBCS-1, 1995 (Art. A.2.5 for
duo pitch roofs)
- the roof should be divided in to zones as shown below
Case -1 when wind direction 00
I
0.8m
J
2.6m
6.8
H
0.8m
F G F 2.6m
13m
6.5m 6.5m
26m
Wind θ=00
For duo pitch roof the external pressure coefficient is given on table A.4 EBCS 1, 1995
Wind ward side ( upwind face )
Pitch angle =150
Lee ward side α= 150
Since for A ≥ 10m2 Cpe= Cpe10 (EBCS 1, 1995 Art. A.2.1)
e/4=1.7m F
H I
1.7m
G
1.7m G
H
Θ=900 I
F
e/4 =1.7m
b=6.8m
e= min b=6.8m e=6.8m
2h=33.82m
Area: F = 1.156 m2
G = 1.156m2
H = 9.248 m2
I = 11.56 m2
Case1 θ=00
Zone F = 0.3644*-0.9= - 0.328KN/m2
= 0.3644*0.2 = 0.073 KN/m2
Zone G = 0.3644*- 0.8 = -0.292 KN/m2
=0.3644*0.2 = 0.073 KN/m2
Zone H =0.3644*-0.3 = -0.109 KN/m2
= 0.3644*0.2 = 0.073 KN/m2
Zone J = 0.3644*-1.0 = -0.3644 KN/m2
Case 2 θ=900
Cpe for F
Cpe = Cpe 1 + (Cpe10 – Cpe1) logA10
= -2+ (-1.3+2) log1.156
= -1.96
For G = -1.96
For H=-0.62
F
e/4=0.675 m
wind
G H I
1.35m
e/4 =0.675m
e/10=0.27m 1.08m 5.3m
b=2.7m
Z=19m
Cr(z)=Kt ln(z/z0)
=0.24*ln(19/1)=0.707
Ct(z) is topography coefficient (Art 3.8.4)
Ct(z)=1 for not topography affected zone
Ce(Ze)=0.7072*12 *(1+(7*0.24)/(0.707*1))
=1.688
We = qref Ce(z) cpe
=227.48N/m2 (1.688)Cpe
=384Cpe N/m2
The calculation for the external pressure for each zones are calculated below
Zone F = Cpe1= -2.5
Zone G = Cpe1=-2
Zone H = Cpe = Cpe1 + ( Cpe10 – Cpe1) logA10 for 1m2 < A <10m2
= -1.432
Zone F = 0.384*-2.5 = -0.86 KN/m2
Zone G = 0.384*-o.2 = -0.768 KN/m2
Zone H = 0.384*-1.432 = -0.55 KN/m2
Zone I = 0.384*-o.2 = -0.768 KN/m2
Internal wind pressure
Wi= 0.384*0.8=0.3072
Wi= 0.384*-0.5=0.192
Critical wind load
Occurs on zone F=-0.96KN/m2
Occurs on zone I=0.077 KN/m2
Net -ve wind pressure =-0.96 – 0.3072=-1.267 K*/m2
Net +ve wind pressure =0.077 + 0.192= 0.269 K*/m2
The LL=0.25KN/m2
Case-1 wind load (+ve pressure)
WL=0.255KN/m2 * cos15=0.246 KN/m2
Load combination
Pd=1.3DL + 1.6LL + WL
Pd=1.3(0.0382) + 1.6(0.25) + 0.246 =0.696 KN/m2
So from table taking this load and thickness of EGA the purloin spacing is found to be
= 1.75 m
Case-2 Wind load (-ve) (suction)
Pd=1.3(0.0382) + 1.6(0.25) – 1.006 cos 15
= -0.522 KN/m2
From table for this loading purloin spacing will be 2m
Use purloin spacing of 1.75m.
11@410m
205mm
Reaction determination
For case -1
0.966KN
0.0375KN/m
1.75m
R R
Load combinations
COMB -1, 1.25DL + 0.8 WL+
COMB – 2, 1.25DL + LL
COMB – 3, 1.25DL + WL-
Analysis result
COMB -1 upper chord max. comp.=10.96 KN
Max. tens. = 6.42 KN
Diagonal max. comp.= 3.04 KN
Max. tens. =12.46 KN
Bottom chord max. comp = 10.42KN
Max. tens. = 11.11KN
Ncd = 25.43 KN
Design is made for the longer member of the diagonal member
i.e
section selection
Nbrd = χβAfy
γM1 where βA=1 For class 1-3
χ is reduction factor for the relevant buckling mode
Assuming the reduction factor to be χ = 0.4
25.43= 0.4*1*A*275*103 /1.1
A= 2.543cm2
So lets use ST-30 with t = 3mm
SECTIO*AL PROPERTIES
H= 30mm
b= 30mm
30mm t = 3mm
A= 3.01 cm2
Ix=Iz=3.5 cm4
Wplx = wplz=2.34cm3
30mm rx = rz=1.08 cm
Determination of λ
λ1= 86.4
λx= λz= l/r =1.28/0.0108 = 118.52
λ x= λ-z= (118.52/86.4) * 11/2 =1.372
-
Let’s assume a square section ST-25 with the following sectional properties
A=0.93 cm2
Ix=0.88cm4
25mm S=0.71cm3
r=0.97cm
w=0.97Kg
25mm t=1mm
In the absence of any information check for slenderness ratio
λ≤ 180 ⇒ le/r ≤ 180
⇒ r≥910mm/180 =5.056mm =.5056 cm
⇒ rmin=0.5056
For rmin≥0.5056 take nominal size of 25 * 25
ry=0.97
A= 0.93 cm2
for cold formed RHS we use curve C and the value of the reduction factor
x=2.784 calculate the design buckling resistance
Nbrd = χβAfy = 2.784*1*93*275/1.1 = 64.73KN>>6.99KN
γM1
Compression design
Member design for upper and lower chords
Nsd=22.78KN use Fe430 fy=275
Determination of buckling length L=1.17m
Selection of trial section by assuming trial value of reduction factor x=0.8
Nbrd = χβAfy 22.78=0.8*1*A*275/1.1 A=113.9mm2
γM1
Trial section use ST-30 with cross sectional properties
t=2mm
I=2.72cm4
30mm r=1.13cm
30mm
Class of x-section
d/t ≤ 90 E2
24.5/2 = 12.25 ≤ 90*0.922= 76.17
Therefore the class is at least class-3 and has no problem of local buckling thus βA=1
Determine λ-
λ1= 86.4
λx= λz= l/r =1.17*102/1.13 =103.54
Top members
Nsd=8.14KN use Fe430 fy=275
Determination of buckling length L=0.41m
Selection of trial section by assuming trial value of reduction factor x=0.45
Nbrd = χβAfy 8.14=0.45*1*A*275/1.1 A=72.36mm2
γM1
Trial section use ST-20 with thickness t=1mm
A=0.73cm2
I=0.73 cm4
20mm r=0.77cm
t=1.2mm
20mm
Class of x-section
d/t ≤ 90 E2
17/1.2 = 14.17 ≤ 90*0.922= 76.17
Therefore the class is at least class-3 and has no problem of local buckling thus βA=1
Determine λ-
λ1= 86.4
λx= λz= l/r =0.41*102/0.77 =53.25
λ-x= λ-z= (53.25/86.4) * 11/2 =0.616
for cold formed RHS we use curve C and the value of the reduction factor
x=0.7757 calculate the design buckling resistance
Nbrd = χβAfy = 0.7757*1*73*275/1.1 = 14.16K* >8.14K* OK!
γM1
Bottom members
Nsd=8.25KN(tension) take asection of ST-20 with thickness t=1mm
A=0.73
I=0.73
r=0.77
Nu,Rd=0.9Aefffy/ γM2 =0.9*73*275/1.25 =14.45KN>8.25KN OK!
Φ8 deformed bar
λ1=93.9є=93.9*0.92=86.4
√
λx= λy=l/r,r= (I/A), A=πD2/4=π*0.82/4=0.503cm2
I=πr4/4=0.02cm4
r= √(0.02/0.503)=0.199≅0.2cm
λx= λy=28.91cm/0.2cm=144.55
λ-=[144.55/86.4]* βa1/2=1.673
using curve C , χ =0.2667
determination of buckling resistance
ps
pc
4.79 {
br = b- a*(a – c) }
6*(a + c)
br= 2.599≅2.6
2.6
Depth determination
[From EBCS 2-1995 Art. 5.2.3] for ps
ly/lx= 1.84
s.c =8
αxf =0.0922
αys= 0.0584
αyf = 0.045
Mi = αi*Pd*lx2
Mys =0.0584* 10.31*2.72= 4.36 KN-m
Myf =0.044*10.31*2.72 =3.31 KN-m
Mxf = 0.0922*10.31*2.72 = 6.85 KN-m
Moment for cantilever slab ps ,pd=5.21KN/m
M= 0.5*wl2= 5.21*1.65^2*0.5 =7.099 KN-m
Moment adjustment
Reinforcement calculation
Moment km ks As
7.091 20.35 3.96 216
Design of roof slab 2 is the same as that of the previous roof slab of spacing Ø8 c/c
190mm
1.3
1.65 3.9
2. DESIG* OF SLAB
2.1-SOLID SLAB DESIG*
D ≥ (0.4+0.6 fyk) Le
400 βa
Where fyk = is the characteristics strength of the reinforcement
Le = is the effective span and for two span the shorter span
Βa = is the appropriate constant from table 5.1
Panel 1
Ly/Lx = 1
Lx = 5000mm
Ly = 5000 mm
βa= 45
Lx = 5000mm
Ly = 5000 mm
Ly/Lx = 1
βa= 40
d ≥ (0.4+0.6*300) 5000 = 106.25mm
Panel 8 400 40
βa= 12
d ≥ (0.4+0.6*300) 1650 = 116.88mm
400 12
First and second floor
Equivalent rectangle
- Concrete - 24 KN/m3
Dead load -pvc tile = 16 *0.008 = 0.128 KN/m2
-Cement screed = 23 *0.03 = 0.69 KN/m2
-terrazzo tile = 23 *0.02 = 0.46 KN/m2
-slab concrete = 24*0.15 = 3.6 KN/m2
-plaster = 23*0.03 = 0.69 KN/m2
-partition load = 1,2 KN/m2
DL1 = (PVC floor finish) = (0.128 + 0.69 + 3.6 + 0.69 + 1.2) KN/m2 = 6.31 KN/m2
DL2 = (Terrazzo tile floor finish = (0.46 + 0.69 + 3.6 + 0.69 + 1.2) KN/m2 = 6.64 KN/m2
Mi = αi Pd LX2
Where; Mi = the design moment per unit width at point of reference
Pd = the uniformly distributed load
αi = the coefficient given in table A-1 as function of aspect ratio (Ly/Lx) and
Support condition
Lx = shorter span of the panel
Ly = longer span of the panel
Fig.
Where; s = support
f = field (span)
x = direction of shorter span
y = direction of longer span
Panel 1
Ly/Lx =1
αxs = 0.039 αys = 0.039
αxs = 0.029 αyf = 0.029
2
DL1 = 6.31 KN/m
LL = 5 KN/m2
Pd = ((1.3* DL1) + (1.6*LL))
((1.3* 6.31) + (1.6*5)) KN/m2 = 16.203 KN/m2
Mi = αi Pd LX2
Mys = Mxs = 0.039*16.203 KN/m2 *(5m)2 = 15.8 KN.m
Myf = Mxf = 0.029*16.203 KN/m2 *(5m)2 = 11.75 KN.m
Ly/Lx =1
αxs = 0.032 αys = 0.032
αxs = 0.024 αyf = 0.024
2
DL1 = 6.31 KN/m
LL = 5 KN/m2
Pd =16.203KN/m2
Mys = Mxs = 0.032*16.203 KN/m2 *(5m)2 = 12.96 KN.m
Myf = Mxf = 0.024*16.203 KN/m2 *(5m)2 = 9.72 KN.m
Panel 5
Ly/Lx =1
αxs = αys = 0.039
αxs = αyf = 0.03
Pd =16.203KN/m2
Mys = Mxs = 0.039*16.203 KN/m2 *(5m)2 = 15.8 KN.m
Myf = Mxf = 0.03*16.203 KN/m2 *(5m)2 = 12.15 KN.m
Panel 6
Mxs = Pd Lx2
2
Panel 8
ar =2*((2c + a) * a )
3 (a + c)
br = b – a(a – c)
b(a + c)
so, ar =2*((2* 1.2m + 1.9m) * 1.9 ) = 1.756 m
3 (1.9m + 1.2m)
br = 5 m – 1.9m(1.9m – 1.2m) = 4.57 m
5(1.9m + 1.2 m)
Equivalent rectangle
ar =2*((2c + a) * a )
3 (a + c)
br = b – a(a – c)
b(a + c)
so, ar =2*((2* 0.525m + 1.2m) * 1.2 ) = 1.043 m
3 (1.2m + 0.525m)
br = 3.1 m – 1.2m(1.2m – 0.525m) = 2.95 m
3.1(1.2m + 0.525 m)
Ly/Lx = 2.95m/ 1.043m = 2.8 > 2 one way slab
Pd = 16.203KN/m
Mys = Pd Ly2 = 16.203KN/m *(1.043m)2 = 8.8132KN.m
2
Panel 10
Panel 11
Panel 17
Support adjustment
Between 1&4 and 4&5
MR = 15.8 KN.m
M = 12.96 KN.m
ΛM = 15.8 – 12.96 = 2.84
ΛM = 2.84 *100% = 17.97% < 20% ; Then
Md =15.8 +12.86 = 14.38KN/m
2
Between 5&6
MR = 6.64 KN.m
ML = 15.8 KN.m
Md = 15.8 KN. m ; Since it is cantilever
Span moment
Panel 1&5
Mxfd = Mxf + Cx ΛM
= 11.75 + 0.38*(2.84) =12.83 KN.m
Panel 5
Mxfd = Mxf + Cx ΛM
= 12.15 + 0.38*(2.84) = 13.58 KN.m
After moment adjustment check depth for flexure, taking the maximum moment
Mmax =24.81 KN-m
Reinforcement design
Reinforcement detail
NB: The full reinforcement details are attached with AutoCAD files.
220mm
550mm
625mm
B)Final condition
hf
60
280
220mm
625mm
Dead load –
be ≤ bw + le/5=120+5000/5=1120
actual=625
be = 625mm
Determination of neutral axis
ρ= ½ c1-√(c12-4M/(c2bd2))
ρ= 0.00305
m=fyd/fcd*0.8=260.87/0.8*11.33=28.78
x= ρmd=0.00305*28.78*257=22.56
y=0.8X=0.8*22.56=18.05<60
the section is rectangular with b=be=625
M=31.73 using design table
Km=(√(m/b))/d = 27.72
Ks=4.024
As=KsM/d=4.024*31.73/0.257=496.81mm2
Therefore use 2Ø20
Check for shear
Acting shear Vsd=pdl/2=10.173*5/2=25.385KN
The shear force VC carried by the concrete in members with out significant axial forces shall be
taken as
VC = 0.25fctdK1K2bwd
Where K1= 1.6-d =1.6-0.257=1.343
K2= (1+50ρ)=1.1`
fctd= 1 Mpa
Vc=0.25*1*1.343*1.1*120*257=11.41 KN
For T-section Vc=1.1*11.41=12.55KN
VRD=0.25 *fcd *bw*d=0.25*11.33*120*257=87.354KN
Vs=Vsd-Vc=25.385-12.55=12.84KN
S=
Assume spacing =150mm
S=2*50.3*260.87*(257-20)(cos72.6+sin72.6)/12.84
S=289.69mm 240mm
0
Assume s=200mm 67.3
β= α=67.380 200mm
S=2*50.3*260.87*(257-20)(cos67.38+sin67.38)/12.84
S=372.66mm
Let’s use Ø8 c/c 200mm
q=3.6KN/m ∆l=200mm
p=q*∆l/2 = 3.6KN/m*0.2m/2=0.36KN
p/2 =0.18K*
SAP result
(1) Max. Tension =6.13 KN
(2) Max. Compression = 11.91 KN
(3) Max. compression =2.72KN
Max. Tension = 1.99KN
(4) Max. Tension 0.3KN
Capacity check for members
According to EBCS-3,1995
N t,rd ≤ A*fy / γM1 γM1 = 1.1
0.9 Aeff fU/ γM2 γM2 = 1.25
N t,rd 78.5*260.87/1.1=18.62 KN
0.9*78.5*300/1.25=16.96 KN
2.5m 2.5m
Case 2 when all live loads are distributed over the whole span
Ф8
2 Ф20
NB: The irregular solid slabs are already designed in the solid slab design part.
3. Design of stair
DESIG* OF STAIR 1
No of risers in one flight =9
Risers height =0.17
Length of thread =0.3
tanø = 0.17 =29.50
0.3
Reinforcement Design
Reinforcements are calculated using design table
At support Mdes =17.86KNm
Km = √(M/b) = √(17.86/1) = 25.3
d 0.167
Ks =3.994
Hence
As = Ks * M = 3.994 * 17.86 = 427.12 mm2
d 0.167
Asmin=0.002*1000*167=334 mm2
Spacing
S = as * b = 113 * 1000 = 264.56mm
As 427.12
Spacing provided
Ф12 c/c 260
Transverse reinforcement
As=0.2As=0.2*427.12=85.424
S = as * b = 50.3 * 1000 = 588.8mm
As 85.424
Smax 2D =380
350
3.9m 2.15
Depth required for deflection
d= (0.4+0.6fyk) le/ba fyk=300mpa, ba=24
400 le=6050
d=(0.4+0.6*300)*6050 =214.27mm
400 24
D=214.27+15+8 = 237.27mm
Use D=240mm
d=240-15-8=217mm
Loading (taking 1m strip)
Dead load on the stair
RC slab (inclined) = 0.24*1*24 =6.574KN/m
Cos 28.81
Due to steps per meter width = 0.3*0.165*1*24*1 = 1.98KN/m
2 0.3
Floor Finishing
Terrazzo tile (2cm) = 0.02*23 = 0.46KN/m2
Cement Screed (2 cm) = 0.03*23 = 0.69 KN/m2
Plastering =23*0.03=0.69 KN/m2
On the tread = (0.46+0.69)*1=1.15KN/m
On the riser = 1.15*0.165*1*14/3.9 =0.681KN/m
Dead load on stair = (6.574+1.98+0.681+1.15+0.69/cos28.81)
= 11.17 KN/m
Dead load on the landing portion
Landing Slab = 0.24*1*24 = 5.76KN/m
Plastering = 0.3*1*23 = 0.69KN/m
Cement screed = 0.69*1 = 0.69KN/m
Terrazzo tile =23*0.02*1 = 0.46KN/m
7.6KN/m
Total load on the landing = 7.6KN/m
Live Load
On stair category A, qt = 3 KN/m2 (EBCS-2,1995 table 2.10)
Total live load on stair case = 3 KN/m2 * 1m = 3 KN/m
Design Load
On stair, DL1 = 1.3*11.17+1.6*3 = 19.321 KN/m
On landing, DL2 = 1.3*7.6+1.6*3 = 14.68 KN/m
Reinforcement Design
Reinforcements are calculated using design table
At span Mdes =82.93KNm
Km = √(M/b) = √(82.93/1) = 41.97
d 0.217
Ks =4.2094
Hence
As = Ks * M = 4.2094 * 82.93 = 1608.69 mm2
d 0.217
Spacing
S = as * b = 201 * 1000 = 124.95mm
As 1608.69
Spacing provided
Ф16 c/c 120
Transverse reinforcement
Asmin =0.002*1000*217= 434mm2
Asmin =0.2As=0.2*1608.69=321.738mm2
Asmin=434 mm2
S = as * b = 50.3 * 1000 = 156.34mm
As 434
Use Ф8 c/c 150mm
Check for shear
Vc = 0.25fctdK1 K2bwd
d=240.15-8=217mm
Staircase for precast and solid slab which is continuous with the slab
2.4m 2.15m
d=(0.4+0.6*300)*4550 =161.1mm
400 24
D=161.1+15+8=184.1 take D=190mm
Loading on one meter strip from the previous cases
On stair =17.35 KN/m
On landing = 13.12 KN/ m
Reinforcement design
At the support
m=39.63KN.m
d=190-15-8=167mm
Km= =37.69 Ks=4.15
As=Ks m/d =4.15*39.63/0.167 =984.82 mm2 >Asmin=334mm2
S= = =114.74
use ø12 c/c 110mm
Since the moment on the span is minimum the design is governed by top reinforcement
For span use ø12 c/c 110mm
Transverse reinforcement Asmin
Use ø8 c/c 350mm
4. FRAME A*ALYSIS
4.1Vertical load analysis
The load on the beam includes self weight, load from the wall on it, transferred load from
slab, Live load on the beam.
According to EBCS-2, 1995(Art. 3.4) the load transferred to beams supporting a two way slab
distribution on a supporting beam is shown in figure 4.5 of EBCS-2, 1995
4.1.1Solid slabs
The design loads on beams supporting the solid slabs spanning in two directions right angles
supporting uniformly distributed loads may be assessed by using EBCS-2 1995 Art A.3.8
The equn. Is given by the formula,
V=βv PdLx
βv is a constant that depends on the support condition of the panel and Lx is the
shortest span of the panel.
The assumed distribution of the load on the supporting beam is shown. Which assures
that the load is assumed to be transferred only to 75% of the beam length.
To convert such a distribution to uniformly distributed load through out the span, we compared
the fixed end moment equation value with the span moment equation value and we took the
maximum.
From fixed end moment
W|
AXIS-3
AXIS-4
AXIS-A
AXIS-A
AXIS-E
AXIS-3
∑W
j=0
j hj
Exposure coefficient
To get the critical wind load we calculate the wind acting on the longest side of the
building.
Long side elevation of the building
4.3m
16m
27.75m
Where
Z is reference height write wind load analysis
Reference height
Cross wind width, b=28m
h<b, hence the building is considered as one part.
Terrain category: category 4, urban areas in which at least 15% of the surface is covered with
buildings and their average height exceeds 15m. (table 3.1, EBCS-1995)
KT=0.24
Zo=1m
Zmin=16m
Roughness coefficient, Cr(z)
Case-1
Where
Ze =16m= Zmin =16m
Cr(20.3) = 0.24*ln20.3=0.723
Topography coefficient
Ct = 1, assuming that it is topography unaffected.
Case-2
Ce(20.3)=1.74
We neglect the effect of wind on adjacent faces due to its possession of high moment of inertia.
By looking in to the earth quake and wind pressures the earth quake pressure governs and design
is done for the earth quake forces.
Xm = ∑WiXi ; Ym = ∑WiYi
∑ Wi ∑ Wi
Xm Ym = the coordinate of the point of application of Fi when the seismic action is parallel to
the Y- directin and X – direction respectively.
GROUND FLOOR
BLDNG PART TOTAL WT TOTAL MOMENT
WX WY
wall 659.27 9487.16 2830.32
beam 209.09 2890.80 638.25
column 162.82 2362.87 761.16
TOTAL 1031.17 14740.83 4229.73
Xm,Ym 14.30 4.10
FIRST FLOOR
BLDNG PART TOTAL WT TOTAL MOMENT
WX WY
wall 709.69 9876.74 2798.11
beam 294.42 3934.78 1001.36
column 218.40 3244.09 1045.84
slab 734.59 8986.83 2005.45
inclined slab 56.52 1198.14 415.39
landing 19.44 464.62 117.13
pvc finishing 33.19 407.79 170.40
screed finishing 250.13 3090.75 677.47
Total 2316.37 31203.74 8231.15
Xm,Ym 13.47 3.55
SECOND FLOOR
BLDNG PART TOTAL WT TOTAL MOMENT
WX WY
wall 709.69 9876.74 2798.11
beam 294.42 3934.78 1001.36
column 187.39 2719.53 876.06
slab 734.59 8986.83 2005.45
inclined slab 56.52 1198.14 415.39
landing 19.44 464.62 117.13
pvc finishing 33.19 407.79 170.40
screed finishing 250.13 3090.75 677.47
Total 2285.36 30679.17 8061.37
THIRD FLOOR
BLDNG PART TOTAL WT TOTAL MOMENT
Wx Wy
wall 732.78 9664.66 2992.85
beam 294.42 3934.78 1001.36
column 187.39 2719.53 876.06
slab 744.23 8981.63 2053.64
inclined slab 56.52 1198.14 415.39
landing 19.44 464.62 117.13
pvc finishing 40.31 422.13 157.06
screed finishing 255.30 3139.18 695.70
Total 2330.40 30524.65 8309.19
Xm,Ym 13.10 3.57
FOURTH FLOOR
BLDNG PART TOTAL WT TOTAL MOMENT
Wx Wy
wall 845.74 10937.92 3060.36
beam 294.42 3934.78 1001.36
column 187.39 2719.53 876.06
slab 745.32 9053.85 2084.45
inclined slab 56.52 1198.14 415.39
landing 19.44 464.62 117.13
pvc finishing 40.04 414.53 156.94
screed finishing 244.43 2839.08 690.89
Total 2433.30 31562.45 8402.57
Xm,Ym 12.97 3.45
ROOF LEVEL
BLDNG PART TOTAL WT TOTAL MOMENT
Wx Wy
wall 237.21 4578.80 1170.83
beam 212.25 3017.76 713.01
column 117.12 1904.78 520.01
slab 39.37 793.86 297.03
inclined slab 56.52 1198.14 415.39
k1 k2 k2
k = I/ L Kc
Kc
k4
k3 k4
k =0.5*k1+k2+k3+k4 k =0.5*k2+k4
Kc Kc
Axes in y-dxn
FLOOR GROUND FIRST SECOND THIRD
FORCE 13.29042136 105.7757269 164.4221758 228.2715446
D- D- D- D-
VALUE Qi VALUE Qi VALUE Qi VALUE Qi
A 0.0009 1.57154 4E-04 2.02353 0.00038 14.87 0.00038 20.65
B 0.0009 1.57154 4E-04 2.02353 0.00038 14.87 0.00038 20.65
C 0.0009 1.57154 4E-04 2.02353 0.00038 14.87 0.00038 20.65
D 0.0009 1.57154 4E-04 2.02353 0.00038 14.87 0.00038 20.65
E 0.0024 4.206323 0.01 52.9951 0.00144 56.32 0.001437 78.197
F 0.0006 1.012809 0.003 15.3529 0.00037 14.47 0.000369 20.084
G 0.0001 0.180896 0.003 17.9401 0.00043 16.81 0.000429 23.338
H 0.0009 1.604234 0.002 11.3935 0.00044 17.33 0.000442 24.053
0.0076 0.02 0.0042 0.004196
Calculation of eccentricities
Eccentricity is the difference between the center of mass and center of stiffness of the floor.
Actual eccentricities
ex = Xm – Xs
ey = Ys – Ym
Accidental eccentricities
For various sources of eccentricities in locating the masses and spatial
variation of seismic motion, an additional accidental eccentricity, eli is considered in
addition to the actual eccentricity.
It is given by:
eli = ± 0.05 li
Where eli is the floor dimension perpendicular to the direction of seismic action.
Design eccentricities
ed,x = ex + elx and
ed,y = ey + ely
head
eccentrities ground first second third fourth roof room
ex 0.72 7.22 3.21 3.63 3.76 -0.21 0.49
actual ey 0.16 0.62 0.64 0.62 0.73 -0.46 0.01
accidental ex ±1.25 ±1.25 ±1.25 ±1.25 ±1.25 ±1.25 ±0.25
ey ±0.45 ±0.45 ±0.45 ±0.45 ±0.45 ±0.45 ±0.135
DESIGN
ECCENTRICITIES
head
LEVEL ground first second third fourth roof room
edx1 1.97 8.47 4.46 4.88 5.01 1.04 1.74
edx2 -0.53 5.97 1.96 2.38 2.51 -1.46 -0.76
edy1 0.61 1.07 1.09 1.07 1.18 -0.01 0.46
edy2 -0.29 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.28 -0.91 -0.44
When the shear center and mass center do not coincide, torsion will be developed due to the
lateral forces. This is also somehow amplified by the inherent existence of accidental
eccentricities. As a result the direct shear forces obtained above need to be corrected to take this
effect. The shear correction factors are calculated using
Ground floor
First floor
Second floor
4 4.19 0.0016 0.0276 1.023 1.004 1.023
-
3 0.81 0.0017 0.0011 0.995 0.999 0.999
-
2 3.51 0.0006 0.0076 0.992 0.999 0.999
-
X 1 4.81 0.0006 0.0147 0.989 0.998 0.998
A 16.726 4E-04 0.11 1.0904 1.04 1.09
Y B 11.726 4E-04 0.05 1.0633 1.028 1.063
Third floor
4.00 4.19 0.00 0.03 1.02 1.00 1.02
3.00 -0.81 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2.00 -3.51 0.00 0.01 0.99 1.00 1.00
X 1.00 -4.81 0.00 0.01 0.99 1.00 1.00
A 16.73 0.00 0.11 1.10 1.05 1.10
B 11.73 0.00 0.05 1.07 1.03 1.07
C 6.73 0.00 0.02 1.04 1.02 1.04
D 1.73 0.00 0.00 1.01 1.00 1.01
E -3.27 0.00 0.02 0.93 0.96 0.96
F -6.81 0.00 0.02 0.96 0.98 0.98
G -7.29 0.00 0.02 0.95 0.98 0.98
Y H -8.27 0.00 0.03 0.94 0.97 0.97
0.05 0.26
Jx Jy
Fourth floor
4.00 4.26 0.00 0.03 1.03 1.01 1.03
3.00 -0.81 0.00 0.00 0.99 1.00 1.00
2.00 -3.51 0.00 0.01 0.99 1.00 1.00
X 1.00 -4.81 0.00 0.01 0.99 1.00 1.00
A 16.73 0.00 0.11 1.10 1.05 1.10
B 11.73 0.00 0.05 1.07 1.04 1.07
C 6.73 0.00 0.02 1.04 1.02 1.04
D 1.73 0.00 0.00 1.01 1.01 1.01
E -3.27 0.00 0.02 0.93 0.96 0.96
F -6.81 0.00 0.02 0.96 0.98 0.98
G -7.29 0.00 0.02 0.95 0.98 0.98
Y H -8.27 0.00 0.03 0.94 0.97 0.97
0.05 0.26
Jx Jy
Roof
Head room
AXIS-A
AXIS-E
AXIS-3
The final critical design bending moments, shear forces and axial forces will be obtained
from whichever the following five combinations of loading that produces the critical effect.
Case 1. Consider vertical load only
Case 2. Consider 75% of vertical load with earthquake effect from positive X– direction
Case 3. Consider 75% of vertical load with earthquake effect from negative X– direction
Case 4. Consider 75% of vertical load with earthquake effect from positive Y– direction
Case 5. Consider 75% of vertical load with earthquake effect from negative Y– direction
The frame is analyzed using sap2000 version 9
NB:- The same procedure is performed for the pre-cast slab system.
In this specific project we have used design tables for the calculation of reinforcement area as
per the provision of EBCS 2, 1995.
5.1.1 Solid slab beams
AXIS-A
moment LOCATION b d Km KS AS1 Ф(As1 )
22.42 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 30.85 4.06 296.499 2Ф12
12.4 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 22.94 3.98 Asmin 2Ф12
44.97 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 43.69 4.252 622.8418 4Ф12+1Ф16
173.14 1st &2nd 0.25 0.446 59.01 2410.72 4Ф24+3Ф16
102.74 1st &2nd 0.25 0.446 45.45 4.296 989.6212 5Ф16
174.08 1st &2nd 0.25 0.455 58.00 2410.72 4Ф24+3Ф16
128.5 3rd&4th 0.25 0.446 50.83 4.425 1274.916 4Ф20
71.05 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 37.05 4.12 643.3538 3Ф16+2Ф20
14.31 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 16.63 3.963 124.6385 2Ф12
141.28 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 52.25 4.47 1387.96 4Ф20+1Ф14
96.44 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 55.33 1285.81 4Ф20
102.44 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 57.02 1275.096 4Ф20
66.6 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 45.98 4.306 807.8299 4Ф16
AXIS-B
moment LOCATION b d Km KS As1 Ф(As1 )
17.17 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 26.99 4.015 224.5523 2Ф12
5.16 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 14.80 min 153.5 2Ф12
19.68 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 28.90 4.039 258.917 2Ф14
179.28 1st &2nd 0.25 0.445 60.18 4.27 1720.282 4Ф24
140.87 1st &2nd 0.25 0.445 53.34 4.3 1361.216 3Ф24
205.44 1st &2nd 0.25 0.445 64.42 2707.4 6Ф24
157.05 3rd&4th 0.25 0.445 56.32 4.52 1595.204 3Ф24&1Ф20
90.16 3rd&4th 0.25 0.445 42.68 4.22 855.0004 2Ф20 +2Ф12
158.5 3rd&4th 0.25 0.445 56.58 1595.204 3Ф24&1Ф20
100.71 Gbeam 0.25 0.357 56.22 4.52 1275.096 4Ф20
102.03 Gbeam 0.25 0.357 56.59 1275.096 4Ф20
69.23 Gbeam 0.25 0.357 46.61 4.32 837.7412 2Ф20 +2Ф12
AXIS -C
moment LOCATION b d Km KS AS1 Ф(As1 )
22.15 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 30.66 3.994 288.1664 3Ф12
9.89 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 20.49 3.97 127.8935 2Ф12
16.01 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 26.07 4 208.5993 2Ф12
177.98 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 59.82 2416.4 5Ф24+1Ф16
114.32 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 47.95 4.36 1117.568 4Ф20
35.44 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 26.17 4.01 312.3393 2Ф16
182.2 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 59.33 2241 4Ф24+3Ф16
166.48 3rd&4th 0.25 0.446 57.86 1941.5 3Ф24+3Ф16
95.32 3rd&4th 0.25 0.446 43.78 4.26 910.4556 2Ф20+2Ф14
150.1 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 53.85 4.53 1494.402 2Ф24+3Ф16
115.1 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 60.44 1550 3Ф24+1Ф20
111.28 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 59.43 1550 3Ф24+1Ф20
61.8 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 44.29 4.19 729.4141 4Ф16
AXIS-D
moment LOCATION b d Km KS AS1 Ф(As1 )
24.86 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 32.48 4.07 329.5772 3Ф14
12.74 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 23.25 3.98 165.1635 2Ф12
14.44 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 24.76 3.988 187.5789 2Ф12
166.42 4th&3rd 0.25 0.446 57.85 1941.5 3Ф24+3Ф16
96.08 4th&3rd 0.25 0.446 43.96 4.26 917.7148 2Ф20+2Ф14
157.49 4th&3rd 0.25 0.455 55.16 1595.204 3Ф24&1Ф20
165.87 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 57.75 1941.5 3Ф24+3Ф16
105.43 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 46.04 4.31 1018.841 4Ф20
AXIS-E
moment LOCATION b d Km KS AS1 Ф(As1 )
32.22 HEAD ROOM 0.25 0.307 36.98 4.12 432.3987 3Ф14
6.42 HEAD ROOM 0.25 0.307 16.51 Asmin 2Ф12
31.25 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 36.42 4.11 418.3632 4Ф12
21.98 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 30.54 4.06 290.6801 2Ф14
13.42 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 23.87 Asmin 2Ф12
10.41 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 21.02 Asmin 2Ф12
12.46 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 23.00 3.97 161.1277 2Ф12
3.9 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 12.87 Asmin 2Ф12
157.15 4th&3rd 0.25 0.446 56.22 1744.84 4Ф24
112.47 4th&3rd 0.25 0.446 47.56 4.349 1096.709 2Ф24+1Ф16
121.7 4th&3rd 0.25 0.446 49.47 4.396 1199.536 2Ф24+2Ф14
47.81 4th&3rd 0.25 0.455 30.39 4.04 424.5108 3Ф14
130.59 4th&3rd 0.25 0.455 50.23 4.415 1267.154 2Ф24+2Ф16
81.82 4th&3rd 0.25 0.455 39.76 4.166 749.1475 2Ф20+1Ф12
52.57 4th&3rd 0.25 0.455 31.87 4.054 468.3929 2Ф14+1Ф16
179.08 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 60.01 1754.68 4Ф24
120.73 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 49.27 4.392 1188.893 2Ф24+2Ф14
156.16 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 56.04 1744.84 4Ф24
101.81 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 45.25 4.29 979.2935 2Ф20+2Ф16
146.86 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 54.34 1442.209 4Ф20+1Ф16
149.72 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 54.87 1717.45 4Ф24
150.8 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 55.07 1717.45 4Ф24
100.84 Gbeam 0.25 0.335 59.95 4.275 1286.839 3Ф20
59.44 Gbeam 0.25 0.335 46.03 4.09 725.7003 2Ф20
97.73 Gbeam 0.25 0.335 59.02 4.28 1248.61 3Ф20
85.69 Gbeam 0.25 0.335 55.27 4.2 1074.322 3Ф20
119.53 Gbeam 0.25 0.335 65.27 4.386 1564.951 2Ф24+2Ф14
106.97 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 58.27 4.32 1301.719 2Ф20+3Ф14
130.62 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 64.39 4.43 1629.99 3Ф20+1Ф24
AXIS-H
moment LOCATION b d Km KS AS1 Ф(As1 )
36.14 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 39.16 4.159 489.5969 3Ф16
12.3 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 22.85 Asmin 2Ф12
27.97 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 34.45 4.092 372.8119 2Ф16
151.31 4th&3rd 0.25 0.446 55.16 1717.45 4Ф24
117.03 4th&3rd 0.25 0.446 48.51 4.373 1147.471 3Ф20+2Ф12
83.215 4th&3rd 0.25 0.446 40.91 4.18 779.9074 2Ф20+1Ф14
173.14 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 59.01 2412.33 4Ф24+2Ф20
154.14 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 55.67 1744.84 4Ф24
96.66 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 44.09 4.265 924.3383 3Ф20
100 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 56.34 1394.7 3Ф24
86.56 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 52.42 4.481 1092.607 2Ф24+1Ф16
83.43 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 51.46 4.435 1042.287 2Ф20+3Ф14
AXIS-4
moment LOCATION b d Km KS AS1 Ф(As1 )
186.912 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 61.31 4.51 2341 4Ф24+3Ф16
184.18 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 60.86 2341 4Ф24+3Ф16
150.25 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 53.88 4.53 1495.896 3Ф24+1Ф14
174 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 59.15 4.51 1759.507 4Ф24
176.859 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 58.46 4.51 1753.042 4Ф24
180.71 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 59.09 1754.68 4Ф24
92.19 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 42.20 4.25 861.1154 2Ф24
81.38 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 39.65 4.2 751.2 4Ф16
71.86 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 37.26 4.15 655.4264 3Ф14+1Ф16
85.69 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 40.69 4.22 794.7512 4Ф16
104.94 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 45.03 4.31 994.047 5Ф16
155.98 3rd&4th 0.25 0.446 56.01 4.52 1580.784 3Ф24+2Ф14
148.96 3rd&4th 0.25 0.446 54.73 1717.45 4Ф24
132.93 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 50.68 4.427 1293.365 2Ф24+2Ф16
134.47 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 50.97 4.44 1312.191 3Ф20+2Ф16
132.34 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 50.57 4.42 1285.589 4Ф20
137.81 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 51.60 4.45 1347.812 2Ф24+3Ф14
82.511 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 39.93 4.21 763.4534 4Ф16
70.31 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 36.86 4.14 639.7437 1Ф16+3Ф14
48.76 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 30.69 4.01 429.731 3Ф14
67.357 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 36.08 4.13 611.3943 2Ф16+2Ф12
73.61 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 37.71 4.16 673.0057 2Ф12+3Ф14
42.44 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 42.44 4.25 587.5244 3Ф12+2Ф14
37.65 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 39.97 4.19 513.855 3Ф16
AXIS-1
moment LOCATION b d Km KS As1 Ф(As1 )
21.36 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 30.11 3.97 276.2189 2Ф14
11.92 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 22.49 3.96 153.7564 2Ф12
158.02 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 55.26 4.52 1748 4Ф24
177.72 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 58.60 1857 5Ф20+2Ф16
164.47 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 56.37 4.52 1895 5Ф20+2Ф16
117.51 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 47.65 4.39 1133.778 3Ф20+2Ф12
104.24 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 44.88 4.282 981.0015 2Ф24+1Ф12
71.82 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 37.25 4.14 653.4831 3Φ14+2Φ12
122.93 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 62.46 4.63 1817 4Ф24
122.06 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 62.24 1817 4Ф24
95.75 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 55.13 4.57 1232.613 4Ф20
AXIS-2
moment LOCATION b d Km KS As1 Ф(As1 )
30.11 Head Room 0.25 0.307 35.75 4.11 403.1013 2Ф16
14.5 Head Room 0.25 0.307 24.81 3.97 187.5081 2Ф12
11.27 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 21.87 3.96 145.372 2Ф12
28.93 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 35.04 4.1 386.3616 2Ф16
32.82 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 37.32 4.15 443.658 4Ф12
AXIS-3
moment LOCATION b d Km KS As1 Ф(As1 )
15.34 Head Room 0.25 0.307 25.52 3.99 199.37 2Ф12
42.74 Head Room 0.25 0.307 42.59 4.23 588.8932 2Ф20
14.28 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 24.62 4.09 190.245 2Ф12
22.64 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 31.00 4.434 326.9894 3Ф12
16.53 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 26.49 4.02 216.4515 2Ф12
17.64 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 27.36 4.03 231.5609 2Ф14
27.43 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 34.12 4.09 365.4355 2Ф16
38.55 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 40.45 4.19 526.1384 2Ф12 +2Ф14
199.64 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 63.36 4.51 2569 5Ф24+2Ф16
178.245 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 59.87 4.51 2170 4Ф24+2Ф16
182.77 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 60.62 2241 4Ф24+3Ф16
182.33 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 60.55 4.51 2241 4Ф24+3Ф16
148.37 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 53.54 4.53 1477.178 3Ф24+1Ф14
193.54 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 61.15 2415.64 4Ф24+2Ф20
117.14 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 47.57 4.35 1119.91 3Ф20+2Ф12
87.28 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 41.07 4.2 805.6615 2Ф20+2Ф12
75.44 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 38.18 4.14 686.4211 3Ф14+2Ф12
94.43 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 42.71 4.23 877.8877 4Ф16+1Ф12
72.55 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 37.44 4.15 661.7198 3Ф14+2Ф12
144.86 3rd&4th 0.25 0.446 53.97 4.53 1471.336 2Ф24+2Ф16
154.125 3rd&4th 0.25 0.446 55.67 4.5 1555.073 3Ф24+2Ф12
154.971 3rd&4th 0.25 0.446 55.82 4.51 1567.083 3Ф24+2Ф12
142.89 3rd&4th 0.25 0.446 53.60 4.53 1451.327 4Ф20+1Ф16
145.66 3rd&4th 0.25 0.446 54.12 4.47 1459.866 3Ф24+1Ф12
107.87 3rd&4th 0.25 0.446 46.57 4.28 1035.165 2Ф20+2Ф16
76.46 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 38.44 4.18 702.4237 2Ф16+2Ф14
77.375 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 38.67 4.18 710.8297 2Ф16+2Ф14
77.025 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 38.58 4.18 707.6143 2Ф16+2Ф14
75.474 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 38.19 4.17 691.7068 2Ф16+2Ф14
Inclined beam
LOCATION AS Ф(AS) landing beams
Gbeam 1332.63 3Ф20+2Ф16 LOCATION AS Ф(AS)
Gbeam 1171.31 3Ф20+2Ф12 G-floor 2179.44 4Ф24+2Ф16
Gbeam 964.61 2Ф20+2Ф16 G-floor 1898.36 3Ф24+3Ф16
Gbeam 1240.9 4Ф20 G-floor 2221.63 4Ф24+3Ф14
Gbeam 924.75 2Ф20+2Ф14 1st&2nd 1560.77 3Ф24+2Ф12
1st&2nd 1645.39 3Ф24+2Ф14 1st&2nd 1357.31 3Ф24
1st&2nd 1194.29 2Ф24+2Ф14 1st&2nd 1728.52 3Ф24+2Ф16
1st&2nd 1201.26 2Ф24+2Ф14 3rd&4th 790.18 4Ф16
1st&2nd 1409.64 4Ф20+1Ф14 3rd&4th 615.56 4Ф14
1st&2nd 972.08 2Ф24+1Ф14 3rd&4th 915.1 3Ф16+2Ф14
3rd&4th 796.81 3Ф14+3Ф12 roof 356.15 2Ф16
3rd&4th 668.66 3Ф14+2Ф12 roof 225 2Ф12
3rd&4th 639.49 3Ф14+2Ф12 roof 225 2Ф12
AXIS-B
moment LOCATION b d Km KS AS1 Ф(As1 )
10.83 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 21.44 3.966 139.9081 2Ø12
23.12 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 31.32 4.067 306.2835 2Ø14
194.49 1st&2nd 0.3 0.455 55.96 4Ø24+2Ø20
168.55 1st &2nd 0.3 0.455 52.09 1829.2 3Ø24+2Ø20
245.89 1st &2nd 0.3 0.455 62.92 3260.34 5Ø24+5Ø16
178.456 3rd &4th 0.3 0.455 53.60 2086.4 3Ø24+2Ø16+3Ø14
198.58 3rd&4th 0.3 0.455 56.55 2396.13 4Ø24+2Ø20
154.49 3rd&4th 0.3 0.455 49.87 1654.94 3Ø24+2Ø14
84.374 Gbeam 0.3 0.355 47.24 4.341 1031.74 3Ø14+2Ø20
92.296 Gbeam 0.3 0.355 49.41 1158.51 3Ø20+2Ø12
89.94 Gbeam 0.3 0.355 48.77
AXIS -C
moment LOCATION b d Km KS AS1 Ф(As1 )
6.52 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 16.63 min ####### 2Ø12
18.94 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 28.35 4.032 248.7494 1Ø14+1Ø12
196.44 1st&2nd 0.3 0.455 56.24 2371.5 4Ø24+2Ø20
174.54 1st&2nd 0.3 0.455 53.01 1958.3 3Ø24+2Ø20
228.84 1st&2nd 0.3 0.446 61.93 3060.63 4Ø24+4Ø20
161.03 3rd&4th 0.3 0.455 50.92 1744.8 3Ø24+3Ø14
146.9 3rd&4th 0.3 0.455 48.63 1427.68 4Ø20+2Ø12
189.22 3rd&4th 0.3 0.455 55.20 2222.2 4Ø24+3Ø14
AXIS-D
moment LOCATION b d Km KS AS1 Ф(As1 )
4.67 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 14.08 min 153 2Φ12
17.43 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 27.20 4.018 228.1229 2Ø12
165.37 4th&3rd 0.3 0.455 51.60 1791.79 3Ø24+3Ø14
143.17 4th&3rd 0.3 0.455 48.01 4.36 1371.915 2Ø24+3Ø14
179.26 4th&3rd 0.3 0.455 53.72 2086.4 3Ø24+2Ø16+3Ø14
196.46 1st&2nd 0.3 0.455 56.24 2371.5 4Ø24+2Ø20
171.23 1st&2nd 0.3 0.455 52.51 1901.71 4Ø24+1Ø12
218.24 1st&2nd 0.3 0.455 59.28 2765.05 4Ø24+3Ø20
81.81 Gbeam 0.3 0.355 46.52 4.323 996.2384 2Ø20+3Ø14
91.12 Gbeam 0.3 0.355 49.09 1180.58 3Ø16+2Ø20
94.02 Gbeam 0.3 0.355 49.87 1205.57 3Ø16+2Ø20
AXIS-E
moment LOCATION b d Km KS AS1 Ф(As1 )
30.99 HEAD ROOM 0.25 0.307 36.27 4.113 415.1852 2Ø14+1Ø12
27.88 HEAD ROOM 0.25 0.307 34.40 4.094 371.7939 2Ø16
28.95 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 35.05 4.101 386.723 2Ø16
18.28 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 27.85 4.026 239.724 1Ø12+1Ø14
1.22 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 7.20 min 153.5 2Ø12
8.45 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 18.94 min 153.5 2Ø12
14.04 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 24.41 3.986 182.2913 2Ø12
2.71 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 10.72 min 153 2Ø12
10.07 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 20.67 3.961 129.926 2Ø12
158.53 4th&3rd 0.3 0.455 50.52 1654.94 3Ø24+2Ø14
123.65 4th&3rd 0.3 0.455 44.62 4.276 1162.038 3Ø20+2Ø12
96.97 4th&3rd 0.3 0.455 39.51 4.162 887.0091 3Ø16+2Ø14
83.29 4th&3rd 0.3 0.455 36.62 4.114 753.088 5Ø14
139.69 4th&3rd 0.3 0.455 47.43 4.346 1334.27 3Ø20+2Ø16
36.74 4th&3rd 0.3 0.455 24.32 3.986 321.8585 3Ø12
87.24 4th&3rd 0.3 0.455 37.48 4.141 793.9799 4Ø16
181.92 1st&2nd 0.3 0.455 54.12 2086.4 3Ø24+2Ø16+3Ø14
135.14 1st&2nd 0.3 0.455 46.65 4.326 1284.87 3Ø24
166.35 1st&2nd 0.3 0.455 51.75 4.463 1631.692 3Ø24+2Ø14
111.05 1st&2nd 0.3 0.455 42.29 4.217 1029.226 2Ø20+2Ø16
110.87 1st&2nd 0.3 0.455 42.25 4.216 1027.314 2Ø20+2Ø16
AXIS-H
moment LOCATION b d Km KS AS1 Ф(As1 )
35.57 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 38.85 4.151 480.9481 2Ø16+1Ø12
26.93 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 33.81 4.088 358.5988 2Ø16
123.6 4th&3rd 0.3 0.455 44.61 4.275 1161.297 3Ø20+2Ø12
107.526 4th&3rd 0.3 0.455 41.61 4.202 993.0203 5Ø16
144.544 4th&3rd 0.3 0.455 48.24 4.36 1385.081 4Ø20+1Ø14
156.45 1st&2nd 0.3 0.455 50.19 1599.4 5Ø20
122.3 1st&2nd 0.3 0.455 44.38 1161.297 3Ø20+2Ø12
164.56 1st&2nd 0.3 0.455 51.47 1631.692 3Ø24+2Ø14
100.8 Gbeam 0.3 0.355 51.63 4.45 1263.549 2Ø24+2Ø16
83.79 Gbeam 0.3 0.355 47.08 4.334 1022.946 2Ø20+2Ø16
89.25 Gbeam 0.3 0.355 48.59 4.375 1099.912 2Ф20+3Ф14
AXIS-4
moment LOCATION b d Km KS AS1 Ф(As1 )
144.44 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 52.83 1604.53 4Ø20+2Ø16
104.14 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 44.86 4.304 985.0957 5Ø16
60.13 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 34.09 4.091 540.6414 2Ø16+1Ø14
118.76 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 47.90 4.353 1136.181 3Ø20+2Ø12
100.73 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 44.12 4.263 943.7626 3Ø20
120.93 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 48.34 4.36 1158.802 3Ø20+2Ø12
97.79 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 43.47 4.248 912.9932 3Ø20
124.1 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 48.97 1206.11 4Ø20
93.55 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 42.51 4.223 868.2674 3Ø16+2Ø14
125.01 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 49.15 1214.93 4Ø20
131.28 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 50.36 1340 3Ø24
140.096 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 52.03 1516.28 3Ø24+2Ø12
116.75 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 47.49 4.35 1116.181 2Ø24+2Ø12
81.84 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 39.77 4.16 748.2514 2Ø20+1Ø14
91.44 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 42.03 4.211 846.2722 2Ø20+2Ø12
62.82 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 34.84 4.098 565.7942 3Ø16
30.14 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 24.13 3.984 263.9072 2Ø14
AXIS-1
moment LOCATION b d Km KS AS1 Ф(As1 )
2.74 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 10.78 min 154 2Ø12
13.23 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 23.70 3.981 171.5591 2Ø12
22.64 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 31.00 4.06 299.4085 2Ø14
175.83 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 58.29 4.481 1853 4Ф24
142.2 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 52.42 4.483 1401.061 1Ø16+4Ø20
185.74 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 61.12 2126.2 4Ø24+2Ø16
79.896 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 39.29 4.158 730.1265 2Ø20+1Ø12
87.07 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 41.02 4.19 801.8095 4Ø16
108.94 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 45.88 4.307 1031.219 2Ø20+2Ø16
AXIS-2
moment LOCATION b d Km KS AS1 Ф(As1 )
5.87 Head Room 0.25 0.307 15.78 min 153 2Ф12
14.54 Head Room 0.25 0.307 24.84 3.989 188.9253 2Ф12
30.95 Head Room 0.25 0.307 36.24 4.112 414.5485 2Ø14+1Ø12
11.59 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 22.18 3.971 149.915 2Ф12
33.42 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 37.66 4.131 449.7004 3Ø14
133.38 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 50.76 1340 3Ø24
117.64 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 47.68 4.352 1125.207 2Ø24+2Ø12
176.79 1st&2nd 0.25 0.446 59.62 1853 4Ø24
77.46 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 38.69 4.148 706.1628 2Ø16+2Ø14
81.29 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 39.63 4.164 743.9375 2Ø20+1Ø12
91.79 3rd&4th 0.25 0.455 42.11 4.213 849.9149 2Ø20+2Ø12
100.9 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 56.59 1429.3 1Ø16+4Ø20
94.9 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 54.88 1220.01 4Ø20
108.26 Gbeam 0.25 0.355 58.62 1345.67 4Ø20+1Ø12
AXIS-3
moment LOCATION b d Km KS As1 Ф(As1 )
16.27 Head Room 0.25 0.307 26.28 4.006 212.305 2Ø12
20.93 Head Room 0.25 0.307 29.80 4.048 275.976 2Ø14
41.28 Head Room 0.25 0.307 41.86 4.207 565.6839 3Ø16
18.53 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 28.04 4.028 243.1233 2Ø14
9.5 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 20.08 3.957 122.4479 2Ø12
11.38 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 21.98 3.97 147.1616 2Ø12
8.83 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 19.36 3.952 113.6683 2Ø12
16.86 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 26.75 4.012 220.3333 2Ø12
17.25 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 27.06 4.016 225.6547 2Ø12
9.25 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 19.81 3.955 119.1653 2Ø12
29.58 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 35.43 4.104 395.4278 2Ø16
35.82 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 38.99 4.153 484.5618 2Ø14+1Ø16
11.77 TTBeam 0.25 0.307 22.35 3.972 152.2816 2Ø12
126.82 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 49.50 1214.93 4Ø20
110 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 46.10 4.312 1042.462 2Ø24+1Ø14
110.44 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 46.19 4.315 1047.36 2Ø24+1Ø14
107.01 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 45.47 4.297 1010.598 2Ø24+1Ø12
98.47 1st&2nd 0.25 0.455 43.62 4.25 919.7747 2Ø14+2Ø20
*ominal reinforcement
The shear force VC carried by the concrete in members with out significant axial forces shall
be taken as
VC = 0.25fctdK1K2bwd
Where K1= (1+50ρ) < 2.0
K2= 1.6-d > 1.0 (d in meters). For members where more than 50%of the
bottom reinforcement is curtailed, K2 = 1.
ρmax =0.04
= 800
=d
Shear design sample
Axis –D
1st &2ndfloor level
As, actual =1941.5 mm2, d=446mm ,b= 250 mm
ρ=As/bd=0.0174
VC = 0.25fctdK1K2bwd
K1 =1+50ρ=1.87 k2=1.6-d=1.154
Then Vc=62.1KN
VRD=0.25 *fcd *bw*d=0.25*11.33*250*446=311.1 KN
Taking the design shear at d distance from the face of the column Vd=112.6KN
S=(d-d’)Asv*fyk/(Vd-Vc) = 2*50.3*260.87*(446-43)/(112.6-62.1)=209.7 mm
But Vd< 2/3Vrd as per EBCS 2-1995 Smax= 0.5d=220mm
Use Φ8 c/c 200mm.Since the minimum reinforcement &the design result are all most similar
, so use Φ8 c/c 200mm through out the length
The reimaing shear designs are displayed in the reinforcement detail
Torsional reinforcement
Torsion results from the monolithic character of construction; and any assymetric in the loading of
the floor slab produces torsion to the supporting beams.
Torsion shear stresses create diagonal tension resulting in diagonal crack. Thus, we need to
provide both closed stirrups and longitudinal steel to avoid brittle fracture.
More ever, at least one longitudinal bar shall be placed at each corner of the closed stirrup with
spacing not exceeding 350mm.
Combined actions
a) Torsion and bending or torsion and axial forces
Simple super position by separately determining area of reinforcements may be applied.
b) Torsion and shear
limiting values for torsion and shear are
TRd, com = βtTRd and VRd,com = βvVRd in which
TRD = 0.8fcdAefhef=30.29kn.m
Using combined action
Factor for combined action
Using the above formula βt=0.8033 βtc=0.842
βv=0.5956 βvc=0.540
Combined section capacity
Vc=βvc*Vc=0.540*34.6=18.63kn
Vrd,com=Vrd*βv=0.5956*218.81=130.41kn
Tc,com=Tc*βtc=0.842*4.41=3.48kn.m
Trd,com=Trd*βt=0.8033*30.29=24.32kn.m
Check Vsd with VC,com
Vsd=32.19>Vc,com=18.63
It requires shear reinforcement
S=(d-d’)Asv*fyk/(Vd-Vc) = [2*50.3*260.87*(309-41)]/[13.56*103] =518.67mm
2/3Vrd=86.94
Smax=0.5d=0.5*309=154.5
UseΦ8c/c 150mm
Tc=3.486kn.m<Tsd=6.01kn.m needs torsional reinforcement
Tef=Tsd-Tc=2.614kn.m
Longitudinal reinforcement
Al= =87.85mm2
Al/2=43.93mm2
Top reinforcement=602.1+43.93=646.03mm2
So use 2Φ20
Bottom reinforcement=235.5+43.93=279.43
So use 2Φ14
Spacing S= =546.455mm
AXIS-4
Kc1
K12 K11
α1 =Kc1+Kc
K11+K12
Kc α2 =Kc2+Kc
K21+K22
K22 K21
α1 = α1 + α2
Kc2 2
The above approximate equation for effective length calculation is applicable for values
of α1 and α 2 not exceeding 10.
If a base is designed to resist the column moment may be taken as 1.0.
6. the dimension of the substitute column is computed to find the moment of inertia of the
section (Ic)
7. The amount of reinforcement required by the substitute column is computed and the
moment of inertia of the reinforcement with respect to the centroid of the concrete section
is determined.
In lieu of more accurate determination, the first order moment, Mdl, at critical section of the
substitute may be determined using:
Mdl = α2+3 HL
α1+ α2 +6
Where: H= the total horizontal reaction at the bottom of the story.
L= the story shear
8. The buckling load of a story may be assumed to be equal to that of the substitute
Beam-column frame, and may be determined as
Ncr= π2 EIe
Le2
Where: EIe is the effective stiffness of the substitute column designed
Le is the effective length.
In lieu of more accurate determination, the effective stiffness of a column may be taken as:
EIe= 0.2Ec Ic + Es Is
Where Ec= 1100fcd
Es is the modulus of elasticity of steel
Ic, Is are the moment of inertia of the concrete
and reinforcement sections, respectively
of the substitute column, with respect to
the centroid of the concrete section.
Computation of moment of inertia of reinforced concrete section with respect to the centroid
of the concrete.
As/2
S d Is = (n (П * r4)/4 + П * r2*d2)
Where
n = number of bars
As/2
Reinforcing the substitute column using the biaxial chart using the following formulas:
ν = Nsd * 103
Ac *fcd
µ = Mdl * 106
Ac * fcd *S
w = As,tot *fyd
Ac *fcd
We have designed five columns for solid and six columns for the pre-cast slab systems.
Substitute column
Determination of substitute column for each axis. Sample substitute frame is shown below.
AXIS -4
Nsd/Nc
As Ǿ Is Ic EIe Ncr r condition
1.28E+1 63007705.1
3135.008 10Ǿ20 196957002 0 7.129E+13 8 0.03 non-sway
1.28E+1 9210012.38
3403.96 8Ǿ24 226854001 0 7.727E+13 4 0.21 ''sway''
1.28E+1 21917624.0
3135.008 10Ǿ20 196957002 0 7.129E+13 2 0.07 non-sway
1.28E+1 21126915.3
3135.008 10Ǿ20 196957002 0 7.129E+13 7 0.05 non-sway
1.28E+1 21126915.3
3135.008 10Ǿ20 196957002 0 7.129E+13 7 0.02 non-sway
1.28E+1 18127122.2
3135.008 10Ǿ20 196957002 0 7.129E+13 9 0.01 non-sway
AXIS-2
LEVEL α1 α2 H L Le Nsd HL Md1 µ v w
Found 11.9 1.00 253.85 1.50 3.73 833.87 380.78 80.42 0.07 0.32 min
Ground 4.02 11.94 197.14 3.80 10.33 778.22 749.13 509.75 0.42 0.30 0.79
1 4.46 4.02 140.73 3.05 6.39 627.80 429.23 208.06 0.17 0.24 0.2
2 4.46 4.46 91.53 3.05 6.52 471.96 279.17 139.58 0.11 0.18 0.1
3 4.46 4.46 51.78 3.05 6.52 315.78 157.93 78.96 0.06 0.12 0.02
4 12.6 4.46 23.18 3.05 8.53 166.29 70.70 22.86 0.02 0.06 min
5 6.31 12.61 17.49 3.05 8.93 72.19 53.34 33.42 0.03 0.03 min
AXIS-3
LEVEL α1 α2 H L Le Nsd HL Md1 µ v w
Found 8.91 1 324.3 1.5 3.34 2061.48 486.41 122.29 0.04 0.46 min
Ground 2.9 8.91 270.6 3.8 9.09 1915.2 1028.2 687.59 0.25 0.43 0.33
1 3.22 2.9 200.7 3.05 5.66 1452.15 612.14 297.99 0.11 0.33 min
2 3.22 3.22 123.1 3.05 5.77 1014.74 375.46 187.73 0.07 0.23 min
3 3.22 3.22 59.96 3.05 5.77 583.79 182.88 91.44 0.03 0.13 min
4 6.26 3.22 12.6 3.05 6.68 155.85 38.43 15.44 0.01 0.04 min
5 7.82 6.26 5.44 3.05 7.85 59.35 16.592 7.65 0.00 0.01 min
As Ǿ Is Ic EIe Ncr Nsd/Ncr condition
3135.008 10Ǿ20 196957002 1.28E+10 7.129E+13 63007705.18 0.00 non-sway
5531.435 8Ǿ30 354950030 1.28E+10 1.029E+14 12277159.55 0.00 non-sway
3135.008 10Ǿ20 196957002 1.28E+10 7.129E+13 21940864.41 0.00 non-sway
3135.008 10Ǿ20 196957002 1.28E+10 7.129E+13 21112271.86 0.00 non-sway
3135.008 10Ǿ20 196957002 1.28E+10 7.129E+13 21112271.86 0.00 non-sway
3135.008 10Ǿ20 196957002 1.28E+10 7.129E+13 15751926.29 0.01 non-sway
3135.008 10Ǿ20 196957002 1.28E+10 7.129E+13 11406365.47 0.03 non-sway
AXIS-
B
LEVEL α1 α2 H L Le Nsd HL Md1 µ v w
Found 14.9 1 319.3 1.5 4.07 2252.2 478.92 87.63 0.07 0.88 0.08
Ground 4.84 14.86 269 3.8 11.32 2108.1 1022.2 710.34 0.26 0.47 0.35
1 5.37 4.84 209.9 3.05 6.88 1566.1 640.1 309.51 0.25 0.61 0.4
2 5.37 5.374 134.4 3.05 7.02 1032.92 409.8 204.90 0.17 0.40 0.13
3 5.37 5.374 72.69 3.05 7.02 540.28 221.7 110.85 0.09 0.21 0.02
4 7.82 5.374 18.75 3.05 7.64 44.99 57.188 24.95 0.02 0.02 0.03
As Ǿ Is Ic EIe Ncr Nsd/Ncr condition
AXIS-E
LEVEL α1 α2 H L Le Nsd HL Md1 µ v w
Found 4.44 1 473 1.5 2.67 2061.48 709.43 248.05 0.12 0.57 min
Ground 1.45 4.44 368.2 3.8 6.96 1915.2 1399 875.39 0.31 0.43 0.47
1 1.61 1.45 290.6 3.05 4.55 1452.15 886.36 435.35 0.21 0.40 0.23
2 1.61 1.61 195.9 3.05 4.61 1014.74 597.62 298.81 0.15 0.28 0.13
3 1.61 1.61 113.7 3.05 4.61 583.79 346.82 173.41 0.08 0.16 0.04
4 1.33 1.61 44.02 3.05 4.5 155.88 134.26 69.23 0.03 0.04 0.03
5 4.23 1.33 14.49 3.05 5.48 59.35 44.195 16.55 0.01 0.02 min
As Ǿ Is Ic EIe Ncr Nsd/Ncr condition
2562.848 6Ǿ24 139106542 8.552E+09 4.914E+13 67961309.81 0.00 non-sway
7999.306 10Ǿ32 504623744 1.28E+10 1.328E+14 27034263.05 0.00 non-sway
3200.122 6Ǿ26 163439197 8.552E+09 5.401E+13 25720151.2 0.00 non-sway
2562.848 6Ǿ24 139106542 8.552E+09 4.914E+13 22797247.4 0.00 non-sway
2562.848 6Ǿ24 139106542 8.552E+09 4.914E+13 22797247.4 0.00 non-sway
2562.848 6Ǿ24 139106542 8.552E+09 4.914E+13 23925401.56 0.01 non-sway
2562.848 6Ǿ24 139106542 8.552E+09 4.914E+13 16133297.64 0.05 non-sway
For buildings, a design method may be used which assumes the compression members to
be isolated and adopts a simplified shape for the deformed axis of the column.
Total eccentricity
The total eccentricity to be used for the design of columns of constant cross section at the
critical section is given by:
etot= ee+ea+e2
Where
ee is equivalent constant first-order eccentricity of the design axial load
- for first-order eccentricity eo is equal at both ends of a
column ee= eo
for first-order moment varying linearly along the length, the equivalent eccentricity is the
higher of the following two values
ee =0.6eo2 + 0.4 eo1
ee =0.4 eo2
eo1 and eo2 are first-order eccentricities at the ends eo2 being
positive and greater in magnitude than eo1.
ea is the additional eccentricity to account for geometric imperfection, introduced by
increasing the eccentricity of the longitudinal force acting in the most unfavorable
direction.
0.1261121
-
third -62.69 80.18 314.86 0.1991044 0.25465 0.07315 0.101861 0.101861 32.072
-
fourth -10.99 35.68 113.28 0.0970162 0.31497 0.1501766 0.125989 0.150177 17.012
column
B-3 Mdy
level M1 M2 P eo1 e02 0.6eo2+0.4eo1 0.4eo2 eo M
found 0.42 0.89 2252.23 0.0001865 0.0004 0.0003117 0.000158 0.000312 0.702
- -
ground 120.88 131.3 1602.82 0.0754171 0.08192 0.018984 0.032767 0.032767 52.52
-
first -11.14 12.12 1278.28 0.0087148 0.00948 0.002203 0.003793 0.003793 4.848
-
second -2.3 5.93 1032.91 0.0022267 0.00574 0.0025539 0.002296 0.002554 2.638
-
third -1.48 2.82 429.55 0.0034455 0.00657 0.0025608 0.002626 0.002626 1.128
-
fourth -6.08 7.08 44.99 0.1351411 0.15737 0.0403645 0.062947 0.062947 2.832
Mdx
-
found -5.96 9.68 2252.23 0.0026463 0.0043 0.0015203 0.001719 0.001719 3.872
-
ground -24.34 36.7 1602.82 0.0151857 0.0229 0.007664 0.009159 0.009159 14.68
- -
first 113.43 116.88 1278.28 0.0887364 0.09144 0.0193666 0.036574 0.036574 46.752
-
second -56.35 56.89 1032.91 0.0545546 0.05508 0.0112246 0.022031 0.022031 22.756
-
third -71.73 92.79 429.55 0.1669887 0.21602 0.0628146 0.086407 0.086407 37.116
-
fourth -6.39 44.02 44.99 0.1420316 0.97844 0.5302512 0.391376 0.530251 23.856
column
E-3 Mdy
level M1 M2 P eo1 e02 0.6eo2+0.4eo1 0.4eo2 eo M
-
found -0.67 4.15 1790.15 0.0003743 0.00232 0.0012412 0.000927 0.001241 2.222
-
ground -0.75 5.18 1633.3 0.0004592 0.00317 0.0017192 0.001269 0.001719 2.808
-
first -36.87 37.55 949.05 0.0388494 0.03957 0.0081998 0.015826 0.015826 15.02
-
second -32.36 33.38 671.98 0.0481562 0.04967 0.010542 0.01987 0.01987 13.352
-
third -30.2 32.22 387.46 0.0779435 0.08316 0.0187168 0.033263 0.033263 12.888
-
fourth -16.38 23.42 90.38 0.1812348 0.25913 0.082983 0.103651 0.103651 9.368
-
H.room -13.77 25.07 28.97 0.4753193 0.86538 0.3290991 0.346151 0.346151 10.028
Mdx
-
found -32.76 97.68 1790.15 0.0183001 0.05457 0.0254191 0.021826 0.025419 45.504
- -
ground 101.76 119.28 1633.3 0.0623033 0.07303 0.0188967 0.029212 0.029212 47.712
-
first -141.7 147.18 949.05 0.1493072 0.15508 0.033326 0.062033 0.062033 58.872
- -
second 120.83 129.96 671.98 0.1798119 0.1934 0.0441144 0.077359 0.077359 51.984
- -
third 100.46 112.08 387.46 0.2592784 0.28927 0.0698498 0.115707 0.115707 44.832
-
fourth -34.9 55.16 90.38 0.3861474 0.61031 0.2117283 0.244125 0.244125 22.064
-
H.room -14.95 29.25 28.97 0.5160511 1.00967 0.3993787 0.403866 0.403866 11.7
column
E-2 Mdy
level M1 M2 P eo1 e02 0.6eo2+0.4eo1 0.4eo2 eo M
found 1.28 8.38 833.97 0.0015348 0.01005 0.0066429 0.004019 0.006643 5.54
ground 1.7 4.34 456.7 0.0037224 0.0095 0.0071907 0.003801 0.007191 3.284
-
first -1.24 1.47 461.38 0.0026876 0.00319 0.0008366 0.001274 0.001274 0.588
-
second -3.93 5.69 401.311 0.0097929 0.01418 0.00459 0.005671 0.005671 2.276
-
third -9.19 9.78 297.53 0.0308876 0.03287 0.0073673 0.013148 0.013148 3.912
-
fourth -5.13 9.34 157.38 0.0325963 0.05935 0.0225696 0.023739 0.023739 3.736
-
H.room -9.89 17.57 68.19 0.1450359 0.25766 0.0965831 0.103065 0.103065 7.028
Mdx
-
found -62.05 105.98 833.97 0.0744032 0.12708 0.0464861 0.050832 0.050832 42.392
- -
ground 140.04 144.6 456.7 0.3066346 0.31662 0.0673177 0.126648 0.126648 57.84
- -
first 122.54 126.93 461.38 0.2655945 0.27511 0.0588279 0.110044 0.110044 50.772
-
second -97.43 104.25 401.311 0.2427793 0.25977 0.0587524 0.103909 0.103909 41.7
-
third -68.94 76.62 297.53 0.2317077 0.25752 0.0618291 0.103008 0.103008 30.648
-
fourth -33.02 33.98 157.38 0.2098106 0.21591 0.0456221 0.086364 0.086364 13.592
-
H.room -24.69 32.2 68.19 0.3620766 0.47221 0.1384954 0.188884 0.188884 12.88
column
H-3 Mdy
level M1 M2 P eo1 e02 0.6eo2+0.4eo1 0.4eo2 eo M
-
found -4.61 19.84 1557.47 0.0029599 0.01274 0.0064592 0.005095 0.006459 10.06
-
ground -1.89 29.48 560.41 0.0033725 0.0526 0.0302136 0.021042 0.030214 16.932
-
first -16.62 22.94 514.99 0.0322725 0.04454 0.0138177 0.017818 0.017818 9.176
second 16.68 18.59 434.68 0.0383731 0.04277 0.0410095 0.017107 0.041009
third 9.17 23.29 321.27 0.028543 0.07249 0.0549133 0.028997 0.054913 17.642
-
fourth -2.9 23.43 240.88 0.0120392 0.09727 0.0535453 0.038907 0.053545 12.898
-
H.room -13.21 16.42 124.59 0.1060278 0.13179 0.0366643 0.052717 0.052717 6.568
Mdx
found -15.38 92.96 1557.47 -0.009875 0.05969 0.0318619 0.023875 0.031862 49.624
- -
ground 116.33 165.83 560.41 0.2075802 0.29591 0.0945129 0.118363 0.118363 66.332
-
first -68.08 123.76 514.99 0.1321967 0.24032 0.0913105 0.096126 0.096126 49.504
-
second -54 97.89 434.68 0.1242293 0.2252 0.0854284 0.09008 0.09008 39.156
-
third -37.45 74.51 321.27 0.1165686 0.23192 0.0925265 0.092769 0.092769 29.804
-
fourth -12.36 25.33 240.88 0.0513119 0.10516 0.0425689 0.042062 0.042569 10.254
H.room -17.28 17.41 124.59 -0.138694 0.13974 0.028365 0.055895 0.055895 6.964
column E-
3 x-dxn 0
level Le eacalc 20 ea Nsd Ma
foundation 1.34109 0.00447 0.02 0.02 1790.15 35.803
ground 3.42767 0.011426 0.02 0.02 1633.3 32.666
first 2.56249 0.008542 0.02 0.02 949.05 18.981
second 2.57922 0.008597 0.02 0.02 671.98 13.4396
third 2.57922 0.008597 0.02 0.02 387.46 7.7492
fourth 2.76646 0.009222 0.02 0.02 90.38 1.8076
H.room 2.88328 0.009611 0.02 0.02 28.97 0.5794
y-dxn
level Le eacalc 20 ea Nsd Ma
column A-
3 x-dxn
level Le eacalc 20 ea Nsd Ma
foundation 1.38032 0.004601 0.02 0.02 1368.42 27.3684
ground 3.53444 0.011781 0.02 0.02 1076.01 21.5202
first 2.68623 0.008954 0.02 0.02 806.45 16.129
second 2.70014 0.009 0.02 0.02 557.52 11.1504
third 2.70014 0.009 0.02 0.02 314.86 6.2972
fourth 2.75236 0.009175 0.02 0.02 113.28 2.2656
H.room 0 0 0 0
y-dxn 0
level Le eacalc 20 ea Nsd Ma
foundation 1.43125 0.004771 0.02 0.02 1368.42 27.3684
ground 3.65724 0.012191 0.02 0.02 1076.01 21.5202
first 2.84348 0.009478 0.02 0.02 806.45 16.129
second 2.85241 0.009508 0.02 0.02 557.52 11.1504
third 2.85241 0.009508 0.02 0.02 314.86 6.2972
fourth 2.88509 0.009617 0.02 0.02 113.28 2.2656
H.room 0 0 0.02 0.02 0 0
column B-
3 x-dxn 0
level Le eacalc 20 ea Nsd Ma
foundation 1.34109 0.00447 0.02 0.02 2252.23 45.0446
ground 3.42767 0.011426 0.02 0.02 1602.82 32.0564
first 2.56249 0.008542 0.02 0.02 1278.28 25.5656
second 2.57922 0.008597 0.02 0.02 1032.91 20.6582
third 2.57922 0.008597 0.02 0.02 429.55 8.591
fourth 2.64323 0.008811 0.02 0.02 44.99 0.8998
H.room 0 0 0.02 0.02 0 0
y-dxn 0
level Le eacalc 20 ea Nsd Ma
column H-
3
level ea Nsd Ma
foundation 0.02 1557.47 31.1494
ground 0.02 560.41 11.2082
first 0.02 514.99 10.2998
second 0.02 434.68 8.6936
third 0.02 321.27 6.4254
fourth 0.02 240.88 4.8176
H.room 0.02 124.59 2.4918
Design moment
column E-
2
level Mdx Ma Mdxtot Mdy Ma Mdytot
foundation 42.392 16.6794 59.07 5.54 16.6794 22.22
ground 62.2952 9.134 71.43 3.53695 15.667383 19.20
first 50.772 9.2276 60.00 0.588 9.2276 9.82
second 41.7 8.02622 49.73 2.276 8.02622 10.30
third 30.648 5.9506 36.60 3.912 5.9506 9.86
fourth 13.592 3.1476 16.74 3.736 3.1476 6.88
H.room 12.88 1.3638 14.24 7.028 1.3638 8.39
colmnE-3
level Mdx Ma Mdxtot 0 Mdy Ma Mdytot
foundation 45.504 35.803 81.31 2.222 35.803 38.03
ground 47.712 32.666 80.38 2.808 32.666 35.47
first 58.872 18.981 77.85 15.02 18.981 34.00
second 51.984 13.4396 65.42 13.352 13.4396 26.79
third 44.832 7.7492 52.58 12.888 7.7492 20.64
fourth 22.064 1.8076 23.87 9.368 1.8076 11.18
H.room 11.7 0.5794 12.28 10.028 0.5794 10.61
Column
A-3
level Mdx Ma Mdxtot 0 Mdy Ma Mdytot
foundation 7.024 27.3684 34.39 4.468 27.3684 31.84
ground 6.376 21.5202 27.90 47.428 21.5202 68.95
first 8.604 16.129 24.73 44.432 16.129 60.56
second 36.404 11.1504 47.55 16.804 11.1504 27.95
third 32.072 6.2972 38.37 17.86 6.2972 24.16
fourth 17.012 2.2656 19.28 19.564 2.2656 21.83
colmn B-3
level Mdx Ma Mdxtot 0 Mdy Ma Mdytot
foundation 3.872 45.0446 48.92 0.702 45.0446 45.75
ground 14.68 32.0564 46.74 52.52 32.0564 84.58
first 46.752 25.5656 72.32 4.848 25.5656 30.41
second 22.756 20.6582 43.41 2.638 20.6582 23.30
third 37.116 8.591 45.71 1.128 8.591 9.72
fourth 23.856 0.8998 24.76 2.832 0.8998 3.73
column H-
3
level Mdx Ma Mdxtot 0 Mdy Ma Mdytot
foundation 49.624 31.1494 80.77 10.06 31.1494 41.21
ground 66.332 11.2082 77.54 16.932 11.2082 28.14
first 49.504 10.2998 59.80 9.176 10.2998 19.48
second 39.156 8.6936 47.85 17.826 8.6936 26.52
third 29.804 6.4254 36.23 17.642 6.4254 24.07
fourth 10.254 4.8176 15.07 12.898 4.8176 17.72
H.room 6.964 2.4918 9.46 6.568 2.4918 9.06
colmn
B-3
level Nsd Mdx Mdy ν µh µb ω As Asmin Asprvd Ф
foundn 2252.23 48.92 45.75 1.2 0.07 0.06 0.46 3196.565 1280 3196.6 8Ф24
ground 1602.82 46.74 84.58 0.9 0.06 0.12 0.325 2258.443 1280 2258.4 4Ф24&4Ф14
4Ф20&
first 1278.28 72.32 30.41 0.9 0.15 0.06 0.32 1702.518 980 1702.5 4Ф12
second 1032.91 43.41 23.30 0.7 0.09 0.05 0.055 292.6204 980 980 4Ф14&4Ф12
third 429.55 45.71 9.72 0.4 0.15 0.02 0.12 469.0612 720 720 4Ф16
fourth 44.99 24.76 3.73 0.0 0.08 0.01 0.2 781.7687 720 781.77 4Ф16
colmn
E-3
level Nsd Mdx Mdy ν µh µb ω As Asmin Asprvd Ф
foundn 1790.15 81.31 38.03 1.0 0.11 0.05 0.36 2501.66 1280 2501.7 4Ф24&8Ф12
ground 1633.3 80.38 35.47 0.9 0.11 0.05 0.275 1910.99 1280 1911 4Ф20&4Ф16
first 949.05 77.85 34.00 0.7 0.16 0.07 0.35 1862.13 980 1862.1 4Ф20&4Ф14
second 671.98 65.42 26.79 0.5 0.13 0.06 0.115 611.8426 980 980 4Ф12&4Ф14
third 387.46 52.58 20.64 0.3 0.11 0.04 0.06 319.2222 980 980 4Ф12&4Ф14
fourth 90.38 23.87 11.18 0.1 0.08 0.04 0.115 449.517 720 720 4Ф16
H.room 28.97 12.28 10.61 0.0 0.04 0.03 0.1 390.8843 720 720 4Ф16
colmn
E-2
level Nsd Mdx Mdy ν µh µb ω As Asmin Asprvd Ф
foundn 833.97 59.07 22.22 0.6 0.12 0.05 0.09 478.8333 980 980 4Ф12&4Ф14
ground 456.7 71.43 19.20 0.3 0.15 0.04 0.16 851.2592 980 980 4Ф12&4Ф14
first 461.38 60.00 9.82 0.3 0.12 0.02 0.06 319.2222 980 980 4Ф12&4Ф14
second 401.311 49.73 10.30 0.3 0.10 0.02 0.03 159.6111 980 980 4Ф12&4Ф14
third 297.53 36.60 9.86 0.3 0.12 0.03 0.07 273.619 720 720 4Ф16
fourth 157.38 16.74 6.88 0.2 0.05 0.02 0 0 720 720 4Ф16
H.room 68.19 14.24 8.39 0.1 0.05 0.03 0.06 234.5306 720 720 4Ф16
colmn
H-3
level Nsd Mdx Mdy ν µh µb ω As Asmin Asprvd Ф
foundn 1557.47 80.77 41.21 0.9 0.11 0.06 0.28 1945.735 1280 1945.7 4Ф20&4Ф16
ground 560.41 77.54 28.14 0.4 0.16 0.06 0.23 1223.685 980 1223.7 4Ф20
first 514.99 59.80 19.48 0.4 0.12 0.04 0.05 266.0185 980 980 4Ф20
second 434.68 47.85 26.52 0.4 0.16 0.09 0.3 1172.653 720 1172.7 4Ф20
third 321.27 36.23 24.07 0.3 0.12 0.08 0.13 508.1497 720 720 4Ф16
fourth 240.88 15.07 17.72 0.2 0.05 0.06 0 0 720 720 4Ф16
H.room 124.59 9.46 9.06 0.1 0.03 0.03 0.04 156.3537 720 720 4Ф16
colum A-3
level Nsd Mdx Mdy ν µh µb ω As Asmin Asprvd Ф
foundation 1422.5 33.11 36.90 1.0 0.07 0.08 0.3 1596 980 1596.11 8Ф16
ground 1141.5 70.57 26.12 0.8 0.15 0.05 0.32 1703 980 1702.52 4Ф20+4Ф16
first 850.75 61.16 21.39 0.6 0.13 0.04 0.11 585.2 980 980.00 4Ф12+4Ф14
second 626.26 51.90 17.72 0.5 0.11 0.04 0.02 106.4 980 980.00 4Ф12+4Ф14
third 340.59 40.05 13.36 0.3 0.13 0.04 0.18 703.6 720 720.00 4Ф16
fourth 89.96 13.92 7.08 0.1 0.03 0.01 0.035 136.8 720 720.00 4Ф16
column B-
3
level Nsd Mdx Mdy ν µh µb ω As Asmin Asprvd Ф
foundation 1751.2 83.70 38.10 1.0 0.12 0.05 0.37 2571 1280 2571.15 4Ф24+4Ф16
ground 1606.5 79.52 36.57 0.9 0.11 0.05 0.27 1876 1280 1876.24 4Ф20+4Ф14
first 1195.3 68.90 28.16 0.7 0.10 0.04 0.065 451.7 1280 1280.00 4Ф16+4Ф14
second 797.91 54.77 18.70 0.4 0.08 0.03 0.01 39.09 1280 1280.00 4Ф16+4Ф14
third 413 45.04 9.70 0.4 0.15 0.03 0.13 508.1 720 720.00 4Ф16
fourth 48.43 20.25 1.66 0.0 0.07 0.01 0.18 703.6 720 720.00 4Ф16
column E-
3
level Nsd Mdx Mdy ν µh µb ω As Asmin Asprvd Ф
foundation 1526 75.72 33.08 0.8 0.10 0.05 0.16 1112 1280 1280.00 4Ф16+4Ф14
ground 968.71 83.51 25.31 0.5 0.12 0.03 0.045 175.9 1280 1280.00 4Ф16+4Ф14
first 751.83 81.73 23.87 0.4 0.11 0.03 0 0 1280 1280.00 4Ф16+4Ф14
second 545.71 69.51 19.15 0.3 0.10 0.03 0.035 136.8 1280 1280.00 4Ф16+4Ф14
third 331.26 59.24 13.59 0.3 0.19 0.04 0.315 1231 720 1231.29 4Ф16+4Ф12
fourth 96.61 28.24 7.54 0.1 0.09 0.02 0.14 547.2 720 720.00 4Ф16
H.room 30.85 11.95 11.54 0.0 0.04 0.04 0.11 430 720 720.00 4Ф16
column E-
2
level Nsd Mdx Mdy ν µh µb ω As Asmin Asprvd Ф
foundation 334.26 50.00 12.67 0.2 0.10 0.03 0.08 425.6 980 980.00 4Ф14+4Ф12
ground 413.92 71.97 17.44 0.3 0.15 0.04 0.19 1011 980 1010.87 4Ф14+4Ф12
first 428.13 60.28 10.68 0.3 0.12 0.02 0.075 399 980 980.00 4Ф14+4Ф12
second 377.7 49.76 8.38 0.4 0.16 0.03 0.17 664.5 720 720.00 4Ф16
third 283.8 36.44 7.40 0.3 0.12 0.02 0.075 293.2 720 720.00 4Ф16
fourth 154.59 15.53 5.71 0.2 0.05 0.02 0 0 720 720.00 4Ф16
H.room 66.65 13.81 8.08 0.1 0.05 0.03 0.06 234.5 720 720.00 4Ф16
columnH-3
level Nsd Mdx Mdy ν µh µb ω As Asmin Asprvd Ф
foundation 1521.23 80.19 40.40 0.8 0.11 0.06 0.2 1390 1280 1389.81 4Ф16+4Ф14
ground 1437.09 94.95 46.87 0.8 0.13 0.06 0.27 1876 1280 1876.24 4Ф20+4Ф14
first 471.89 64.01 11.33 0.5 0.21 0.04 0.375 1466 720 1465.82 4Ф16+4Ф14
second 448.71 61.02 17.51 0.4 0.20 0.06 0.36 1407 720 1407.18 4Ф16+4Ф14
third 321.21 53.96 22.38 0.3 0.18 0.07 0.345 1349 720 1348.55 4Ф16+4Ф14
fourth 146.81 15.39 10.26 0.1 0.05 0.03 0.06 234.5 720 720.00 4Ф16
H.room 63.26 14.99 25.21 0.1 0.05 0.08 0.13 508.1 720 720.00 4Ф16
column E-
1
level Nsd Mdx Mdy ν µh µb ω As Asmin Asprvd Ф
foundation 237.74 51.4 6.267 0.2 0.17 0.02 0.26 1016 720 1016.30 4Ф14+4Ф12
ground 239.7 51.31 12.35 0.2 0.17 0.04 0.3 1173 720 1172.65 4Ф16+4Ф12
first 208.25 27.51 9.225 0.2 0.09 0.03 0.05 195.4 720 720.00 4Ф16
second 161.85 9.725 27.44 0.2 0.03 0.09 0.05 195.4 720 720.00 4Ф16
third 103.27 8.393 18.76 0.1 0.03 0.06 0.075 293.2 720 720.00 4Ф16
fourth 28.77 4.683 6.647 0.0 0.02 0.02 0.05 195.4 720 720.00 4Ф16
6. Foundation design
Proportioning
2252.23
Using unfactored load; Pd = = 1608.73
1 .4
My − 0.42
ex = = = 0.0037 m
Pd 1608.73
0.89m 1.5m
M 5.96
ey = x = = 0.00026m
Pd 1608.73
Since a surface footing, B = L 0.61m
pd e ey
σ all = * (1 ± 6 * x ± 6 * )
A B B
1608.73 0.00026 0.0037
560 = 2
* (1 ± 6 * ± 6* )
B B B
1608.73
σ ult d = 2
* (1 − 0.013 − 0.00094) =546.96 kn/m2
1 .7
562.47 561.43
1.7m
1.7m
548
546.96
I . Punching shear
According to EBCS-2, 1995 article 4.7.6 the resistance of footing without punching shear
reinforcement is give by:
Vrd = 0.25 * fctd * k1 * k2 * u * d
Where: K1 = 1+50ρ ≤ 2.0
K2 = 1.6 – d ≥ 1.0 (d in meter)
Assume ρ = 0.002, k1 = 1.0 + 50 * 0.002 = 1.1 0.4+d L’
U = 4* ( 0.4 + d) = 1.6 + 4d
Vrd = 0.25*1043*1.1*1.0*(1.6 + 4*d)*d B’
Vacating = (1.7*1.7 – (0.4 + d)2)*554.7 0 .4+d
Then Vrd > Vacting (for safe condition) B’
Hence solving for d d ≥ 0.545
Therefore , D = 549 + 50 + 10 =605mm
So use over all depth of 610mm
According to EBCS-2, 1995, article 4.5.3, the shear force Vc carried by the concrete is given by :
Vc = 0.3*fctd*k1*k2*bw*d
Using 50mm clear cover and φ 16 longitudinal reinforcement bar
d= 610 – 50– 8 = 560 mm
Vc = 0.3*1043*1.1*1*1.7*0.552 =327.6 kN
Vacting = (B/2 - B’/2 - d)*qu*B
= 0.09 *561.42*1.7=85.89kN
Since Vc > Vacting ..... the section is safe !!
So punching governs and the overall depth is found to be 610 mm
III.Reinforcement
M = 364.18*1*1.05*1.05/2 = 200.75 kN.m
Using table No.1
For design
M
Km = b = 19.46
d
M 201.99
Ks = 3.96 As = Ks * = 3.96* = 2428.22mm 2
d 0.56
Amin = ρmin * b*d = .002*1700*560 = 1904 mm2
a *b 201 * 1700
s= s taking φ 16 s= = 140mm
As 2428.22
Take φ16 c/c 140 mm (both direction)
1700 − 100)
N o of reinforcement = 1 + ( = 12
140
Hence provide 12φ 16 c/c 140 mm
Similarly the remaining footing and the precast slab footing is done as that of the above
procedure. The result is found in the auto cad detail for both cases.
E G F G
0.5 1
-
1.3
2.7
0.5 m
3
1.5
R=-102.7-199.71+573.7+428.43+1086.6+1089.97=2876.3 KN
Taking moment about axis E
e’x =3.15-10.64+5.47-12.49+2.91-4.65-199.71*3.54+428.43*4.02+1086.6*5
2876.3
=2.24
ex=0.5+2.24= 2.74m
similarly taking moment about axis 3
ey=1.81m
centroid of the area is found to be
x= 2.797 m y=2.82m
Eccentricities
Ex= x-ex= 2.797-2.74 =0.057m
Ey =2.82-1.81= 1.01m
Then Mx= R*ey= 2876.3*1.01=2905.1 KN-m
My =R*ex= 2876.3*0.057= 164.01KN-m
Second moment of inertia of the area
Ix= 130.76 m4 Iy=52.76 m4
d= ± ± =105.6 ±3.142x ±22.22y
B C
A
A
A D
d= ± ±
co-ordinates
B STRIP 1 G C F (-2.797,2.03) ,J (-0.527,-2.83)
F H E (-2.797,0.03)
STRIP 2
H (2.16,2.03)
E I I (2.449,0.03)
STRIP 5
STRIP 4
J G (-0.527,3.18)
STRIP 3
A D
ey=0.56m Mx=Rey=2744.11KN.m
ex=0.137 m My=Rex=671.33KN.m
2
p/A=179.9KN/m
Mx/Ix=20.99KN/m2
My/Ix=12.86KN/m2
dA=179.9+12.86*2.797-20.99*2.82=156 KN/m2
d B= 179.9+12.86*2.797+20.99*3.18=282.62 KN/m2
dC= 179.9-12.86*1.743+20.99*3.18=224.23 KN/m2
dD= 179.9-12.86*3.73-20.99*2.82=72.7 KN/m2
dF= 179.9+12.86*2.797+20.99*2.03=258.48 KN/m2
dE= 179.9+12.86*2.797+20.99*0.03=216.5 KN/m2
d H= 179.9-12.86*2.16+20.99*2.03=194.73 KN/m2
dI= 179.9-12.86*2.449+20.99*0.33=194.04 KN/m2
dG= 179.9+12.86*0.527+20.99*3.18=253.43 KN/m2
dC= 179.9+12.86*0.527-20.99*2.82=127.5 KN/m2
Since the stress in case 2 greater than that of case 1 so the mat is designed for the compression
case
X-direction
Strip 1
∑Pu=760.53+776.7=1537.23 KN
A=5.46m2
Qavg=240.015 KN/m2
Q=240.015 KN/m2*5.46m2=1310.48 KN
Average load =1310.48 KN+1537.23KN/2=1423.86 KN
Modified soil rxn =Q*( )
SFD
BMD
Strip 2
SFD
STRIP 3
Depth determination (precast case)
Case 1 when one of the edge has no resistance
Punching check for the column E-3 which is located at the edge with maximum axial load
Vac=p-d(0.4+d)(0.7+0.5d)
0.4+d =1166.3-139.22(0.4+d)(0.7+0.5d)
=1127.32-125.3d-69.61d2
0.4m Vres=0.5 fctd (1+50ρ)*(1.8+d)d
=1021.68d+1135.2 *d2
0.5 0.2+0.5d equating vact ≤ vres
0.7+0.5d then d = 0.602m
0.7+d
0.5 0.2+d
0.4+d
0.4+d
Check for the wide beam shear
Maximum wide beam shear =306 KN for strip -1
Vres = 0.3fctd (1+50ρ) bw *d
=0.3*1.043*10^3*1.1*1.15*0.788=312 KN
Vres < vact ok
So use 0ver all depth of 850mm
d=850-50-12=78
Reinforcement design
moment b d km ks As spacing s.provided
Strip-1
364.06 1.15 0.788 22.58 3.974 1835.70 196.71 Φ20c/c190
65.72 1.15 0.788 9.59 min 1812.4 199.24
Strip-2
255.71 2.00 0.788 14.35 min 3152 199.24 Ø20c/c190
113.22 2.00 0.788 9.55 min 3152 199.24 Ø20c/c190
Strip-3 Strip-3
417.34 2.85 0.788 15.36 min 4491.6 199.24 Ø20c/c190
20.31 2.85 0.788 3.39 min 4491.6 199.24 Ø20c/c190
Strip-4
215.48 2.27 0.788 12.36 min 3577.52 199.24 Ø20c/c190
51.95 2.27 0.788 9.585 min 3577.52 199.24 Ø20c/c190
129.49 2.27 0.788 9.585 min 3577.52 199.24 Ø20c/c190
75.58 2.27 0.788 7.323 min 3577.52 199.24 Ø20c/c190
Strip-5
166.46 3.265 0.788 9.06 min 5145.64 199.24 Ø20c/c190
71.22 3.265 0.788 5.93 min 5145.64 199.24 Ø20c/c190
89.81 3.265 0.788 6.66 min 5145.64 199.24 Ø20c/c190
70.72 3.265 0.788 4.91 min 5145.64 199.24 Ø20c/c190
7. Cost estimation
Solid slab
A-SUB STRUCTURE
1. CO*CRETE WORK
1.10 Reinforced concrete quality C-25, 360
kg of cement/m3, filled into formwork
and vibrated around rod reinforcement
(formwork and reinforcement
measured separately)
a) Footing , Grade beam &footing
columen m2 53.74 1300.00 69,856.80
1.20 Provide, cut and fix in position sawn
zigba wood or steel formwork which
ever appropriate.
a) Footing , Grade beam &footing
columen m2 384.26 75.00 28,819.50
1.30 Mild steel reinforcement according to
structural drawings. Price includes
cutting, bending, placing in position
and tying wire and required spacers.
a) Φ8-Φ24 mm deformed bar kg 110.20 26.00 2,865.20
b) Φ6 mm plain bar kg 812.44 25.00 20,311.05
TOTAL CARRIED TO
SUMMARY .................... 121,852.55
B-SUPER STRUCTURE
1. CO*CRETE WORK
1.10 Reinforced concrete quality C-25, 360
kg of cement/m3, filled into formwork
and vibrated around rod reinforcement
(formwork and reinforcement
measured separately)
3
a) floor slabs m 121.97 1250.00 152,462.50
3
b) beams . m 62.19 1250.00 77,742.75
3
c) columns . m 26.61 1250.00 33,262.50
1.20 Provide, cut and fix in position sawn
zigba wood or steel formwork which
ever appropriate.
a) Elevation column, beams & floor
slabs m2 1250.40 70.00 87,528.00
1.30 Mild steel reinforcement according to
structural drawings. Price includes
cutting, bending, placing in position
and tying wire and required spacers.
a) Φ8-Φ24 mm deformed bar kg 28873.64 25.00 721,841.00
b) Φ6 mm plain bar kg 357.56 26.00 9,296.56
TOTAL CARRIED TO
SUMMARY .................... 1,082,133.31
Grand total of solid 1,203,989.96
Care should be taken when handling, casting and placing the precast beam element.
Especially the support condition on construction time must be the same as that of
previously determined arrangement on the design part.
And also it is better to remove application of concentrated force for the precast floor
system, which can cause falling out of the hallow block concrete.
References
Ethiopian Building Code Standard 1, 2, 3, 7, & 8 – 1995.
Kality steel industry manual of cold framed welded structural & furniture steel tubing