2016

Broadband LTE Solutions

for Transportation
PRODUCT STRATEGY
TELTRONIC, manufacturer of professional radiocommunication equipment, is
complementing its current solutions based on TETRA technology, thanks to a new
product line focused on LTE technology (Long Term Evolution). In this manner, the
company anticipates the new trend in critical deployments for Public Safety and
Transportation markets, where there is an increasing demand of applications requiring
high data rates.

Buses, tramways, metros, conventional railways, high speed trains and the new
driverless automatic trains, demand communication systems offering high data
capacity which will enhance significantly both management and safety in the rail
operation as well as the quality of service for the passengers.

TELTRONIC’s LTE solution has been designed guided by the high demanding levels of
availability and security required in mission critical environments. Besides of this, it is
adapted to the specific requirements of every market segment in the transportation
sector. More specifically, LTE solution for Transport is able to provide service for
different applications used in the daily operation, like data transmission for rail signalling
systems, real-time surveillance, remote monitoring and maintenance, passenger
information systems, internet for passengers, etc.

LTE in Transport Page 1 of 24

Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION TO LTE TECHNOLOGY................................................... 4

2. WHY BROADBAND IN TRANSPORTATION? WHY LTE TECHNOLOGY? . 5
3. LTE SYSTEMS DESIGNED FOR PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATIONS .. 7
4. ENEBULA, TELTRONIC’S LTE PROFESSIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE ....... 9

5. ENTITIES IN TELTRONIC’S ENEBULA LTE SYSTEM ............................... 12

6. LTE APPLICATIONS FOR TRANSPORTATION SECTOR ........................ 16
6.1 LTE for surveillance systems (CCTV) ......................................................... 16
6.2 LTE for ETCS rail signalling applications .................................................... 18
6.3 LTE for CBTC rail signalling applications .................................................... 20
6.4 LTE for other applications ........................................................................... 21
7. KEY DIFFERENTIATORS OF TELTORNIC’S LTE SOLUTION .................. 23

LTE in Transport Page 2 of 24

Acronyms

3GPP Third Partnership Programme

AuC Authentication Centre
CBTC Communication Based Train Control
CCTV Closed Circuit Television
DTO Driverless Train Operation
ENC Evolved Node Controller
eNodeB Evolved Node B
EPC Enhanced Packet Core
ERA European Railway Agency
ERTMS European Rail Traffic Management System
ETCS European Train Control System
E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
GoA Grade of Automation
GSM-R Global System for Mobile Communication - Railway
HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSS Home Subscriber Server
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
LTE Long Term Evolution
MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
MME Mobility Management Entity
NMS Network Management System
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
PCRF Policy Charging Rules Function
PGW Packet Data Network Gateway
PIS Passenger Information System
PMR Professional Mobile Radio
PTT Push To Talk
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QoS Quality of Service
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
SGW Serving Gateway
SISO Single Input Single Output
STO Semi-automatic Train Operation
TDD Time Division Duplex
TETRA TErrestrial Trunked RAdio
UE User Equipment
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UTO Unattended Train Operation
VoIP Voice over IP

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1. INTRODUCTION TO LTE TECHNOLOGY

LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a broadband telecommunications

standard developed by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)
as the evolution of UMTS systems (Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System). The new architecture reduces the
number of network entities, making easy the design, enhancing
the spectral efficiency and providing higher data rates.

One of the key differences between LTE technology and its predecessors resides in the
management of the radio interface, now based in OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency-
Division Multiple Access) for the downlink connection and SC-FDMA (Single Frequency-
Division Multiple Access) in the uplink connections. These modulation schemas can be
used in FDD mode (Frequency Division Duplex) with separated uplink and downlink
channels or in TDD mode (Time Division Duplex), where uplink and downlink
transmissions share the same frequency channel alternatively in time periods.

These features jointly with others like the use of MIMO techniques (Multiple-Input
Multiple-Output), result in LTE as the new generation of broadband technology, for both
the commercial and the professional markets, providing the following advantages and
benefits:

 Low latencies in the establishment of new connections as well as in end-to-end data

transmissions.

 High data rates.

 Improvements in the spectral efficiency.

 Better flexibility in the use and management of spectrum.

 Simpler network architecture.

 Improvements in mobility.

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2. WHY BROADBAND IN TRANSPORTATION?
WHY LTE TECHNOLOGY?

Current needs of critical voice and data communications are covered nowadays by
narrowband digital technologies like TETRA, which provides a high degree of security
and safety, but a limited data capacity.

The demand of services and applications consuming high data dates such as on-board
video surveillance, real-time monitoring of video from Control Rooms, etc., is on the rise.
Hence, it makes necessary to invest in the upgrade of systems currently deployed in
order to provide a new broadband radio access fulfilling the requirements of previous
applications.

In the current landscape of technology, LTE intends to be the new generation of solutions
covering the broadband requirements of any kind of service. In mission-critical
environments like Transport, LTE seems to be the most adequate alternative. It has
the advantage to supply a pure IP packet network, what implies a fast network
management, low latencies and high data rates.

Next table shows the key technical features of LTE technology

PARAMETER VALUES

Maximum downlink data rate 172.8Mbps @64QAM 4/4 and MIMO 2x2

Maximum uplink data rate 57.6 Mbps @ 16QAM 4/4

Data type IP data transmission for voice and data

Channel bandwidths (MHz) 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz

Duplex schemas FDD and TDD

Latency From idle to active status < 100 msec.

Using small packets ~10msec.

Spectral efficiency Downlink: 3-4 times as HSDPA latency (Rel 6)

Uplink: 2-3 times as HSDPA latency (Rel 6)

Radio Access OFDMA in downlink and SC-FDMA in uplink

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 PARAMETER VALUES

Modulation schemas QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

Table 1. Technical features of LTE technology.

Previous table shows some theoretical figures for LTE technology. However, in real
deployments there will be some variables affecting to actual values of data capacity in
the cell, latency, radio of coverage, etc. For instance, a few factors may be related to
the distance between the user equipment and the base station, the speed motion of the
user or the characteristics of the propagation channel.

LTE is based on adaptative modulation patterns and previous variable conditions will
determine the modulation schema used at any instant of the communication. On one
side, it will be possible to have very robust but less efficient modulations schemas like
QPSK ½ for users in the worst conditions within the cell, for instance at the cell edge.
On the other side, very efficient modulations like 64QAM 5/6 will be possible jointly with
the use MIMO 2x2 techniques for users in the best conditions within the cell.

As a result of these scenarios, the average data rates within a LTE cell will be closed to
1bps/Hz in uplink and 2bps/Hz in downlink. In a practical example, when using a channel
bandwidth of 10MHz, it is possible to assume that there will be available a data capacity
of 10Mbps in UL and 20 Mbps in DL.

In addition, LTE offers a powerful platform to implement in the medium and long term,
as long as the standard specifications are developed, some specific functionalities for
professional communications like group calls or management of priorities and
emergency calls.

Thanks to these improvements, railway systems can involve a wide range of data
services that will enhance the safety in the operation, for instance, through CCTV
systems, or the upgrade of current data networks for signalling applications, as well as
enhancing the passenger experience with new on-board Internet services or the
makeover of passenger information systems and multimedia systems. All of them
sharing the same infrastructure and ensuring the adequate quality of service for the
applications requiring the maximum criticality.

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3. LTE SYSTEMS DESIGNED FOR
PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATIONS

Commercial cellular networks like current 4G systems deployed by telco carriers have
not been designed to operate under critical requirements or in extreme situations, where
there are demanding operational parameters like the following:

 Fast call establishment.

 Maximum availability and resiliency.

 Congestion control mechanisms to manage priorities in the access to radio

resources and flexible real-time network resource management.

 Emergency pre-emption.

 Group communications.

 Direct mode communications.

Commercial networks have been deployed to provide overall coverage and service to
many users as possible, maximizing in this way the return on investment and the
profitability to the carrier operator. On the contrary, a professional broadband LTE
system has not been designed to maximize the economic return, but to guarantee
service levels, like data capacity at any moment for certain users, and guaranteeing
the best availability to all the users ever, including when a cell is operating at maximum
capacity, implementing congestion control mechanisms to avoid the collapse of the
system.

Transport systems like railways, metros or tramways are critical infrastructures where
the communication services must be protected and thus, TELTRONIC’s LTE solution
has been specifically designed to cover these needs in their operation, enabling
continuous and resilient broadband communications between train units, ground users
and control rooms.

Key differences between design based on commercial or private systems are depicted
in the next table:

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 COMMERCIAL LTE SYSTEM
Objective Maximize economic benefit
Coverage Optimized for those areas with
greater concentration of users,
what will mean higher economic
benefits for the operator.
Density Many users per km2.
Congestion Acceptable and tolerated by
users.
Network design and radio
planning to ensure a “typical”
scenario and use.
Broadband data Mainly, applications intensive in
downlink channel like Internet
browsing.
Traffic balance is optimized for
download channel use.
Table 2. Differences between commercial and private LTE systems.
LTE in Transport
PRIVATE LTE SYSTEM
Guarantee service
Ensure 100% coverage even in
areas with low density of
population to guarantee the
continuity of the service.
Rail tracks are clear example of
this feature.
Few users per km2.
Unacceptable.
Network design and planning to
guarantee service level in the
worst case and in the most
critical situation.
In addition, availability figures
may have four 9’s.
Asymmetric traffic pattern, with
more importance of uplink
channel for applications
involving transmission of
information from trains to
control rooms (e.g. video,
operational information, etc.).
Page 8 of 24
4. ENEBULA, TELTRONIC’S LTE PROFESSIONAL
INFRASTRUCTURE

Evolved NEBULA or eNEBULA is the commercial name of the next generation

TELTRONIC’s infrastructure, that now allows the supply of narrowband TETRA systems,
broadband LTE systems or hybrid TETRA + LTE systems.

It is a digital communications platform designed for PMR users. It allows the integration
of several radio technologies and provides a unified service supporting different
communications needs in the transport sector and specifically in the rail market.

The final design of the LTE system must be adapted to the requirements of every project,
and may vary according to the next aspects:

 Data traffic model for the applications to run over LTE. Typically, it is necessary to
establish the average traffic load in the cell, and what is the minimum capacity to
guarantee at the cell edge.

 Number of users who will require broadband applications and expected

concentration of users per cell.

 Geographical features of the area to cover in order to provide the most accurate
geographic coverage analysis.

eNEBULA System architecture is shown in next figure. It is a flat model with a simple
hierarchy organized in four levels:

 User Equipment or UE.

 Radio Access Network, called in LTE terminology as E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal

Terrestrial RAN), where base stations or eNodeB (Evolved NodeB) are the key
entities responsible to manage radio interface and provide RF coverage.

 Central control node also called Evolved Packet core or EPC. It is organized in
several functional entities that implements the functionality specified by 3GPP
standard specifications:

- Mobility Management Entity or MME.

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 - Serving Gateway or SGW.

- Packet Data Network Gateway or PGW.

- Evolved Node Controller or ENC.

All these logical entities as well as the rest of elements are configured and monitored
through the Network Management System or NMS.

 Service layer, that may be based in solutions provided by TELTRONIC or third party
solutions.

USER E-UTRAN LTE CONTROL NODE (EPC) LTE SERVICES

EQUIPMENT RADIO ACCESS LAYER

VoIP Call
ENC HSS PCRF Server

Video
eNodeB EPC Servers

Firewall
MME
Recording
Servers
SGW PGW
Messaging
Servers

eNodeB NMS
Other…

Figure 1. eNEBULA System Architecture.

LTE technology considers the deployment in different frequency bands throughout the
radio spectrum.

 In FDD operation mode, there are standardized class bands in different frequency
ranges like 450 / 700 / 800 / 850 / 900 / 1000 / 1600 / 1800 / 2100 / 2600 / 4900 /
5200 MHz

 In TDD operation mode, there are standardized class bands in different frequency
ranges like 1800 / 2300 / 2600 / 3500 / 3700 / 5800 MHz

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For critical deployments like the case of rail sector, it is highly desirable to work in
frequency bands as low as possible since the coverage ranges will be wider. The first
generation of TELTRONIC’s ENBULA system is available in all frequency class bands
under 1 GHz, specifically in standard sub-bands in the range of 700 MHz, between 693
MHz and 803 MHz. TELTRONIC can provide base stations in other sub-bands on
demand to our customer. In this way, we can adapt our equipment to the different
worldwide regulations for the private operation in the public transport systems.

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5. ENTITIES IN TELTRONIC’S ENEBULA LTE
SYSTEM

This document has described previously that TELTRONIC’s eNEBULA LTE solution is
composed of four modules: user equipment, LTE base stations or eNodeB, control node
or EPC and external applications. This section describes them in detail.

UE

User Equipment can adopt different form-factors depending on its purpose in the critical
operation. Some examples: smartphone, tablets, embedded LTE modules, vehicular
equipment and of course, on-board rail units compliant with the most demanding railway
regulations.

TELTRONIC’s LTE Infrastructure has been implemented according to 3GPP Standard

specifications and thus it is possible to user COTS devices on it, operating in the
compatible frequency bands. Previous to the operation, it is required to assess the
operation of the new model of user equipment in the infrastructure.

TELTRONIC has already validated several devices to be used on eNEBULA system.

For new models of a device (o new versions, e.g. firmware), TELTRONIC can offer
Validation Services to end customers.

eNodeB

In LTE terminology, base stations are also called eNodeB. All eNodeBs deployed
conform the Radio Access Network or RAN, also called E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal
Terrestrial Radio Access) by 3GPP standard.

eNodeBs are installed in specific physical sites to provide RF coverage to a geographical

area. They coordinate the radio reception and transmission from/to user equipment, as
well as the connectivity through backbone network with control node.

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eNEBULA’s eNodeBs have been designed with outdoor form-factor, as shown in next
figure.

Figure 2. Outdoor LTE base stations.

LTE base stations can be provided to operate in any standard sub-band in the range of
700 MHz, specifically in these ones:

 B12 – 729-746 MHz in DL and 699-716 MHz in UL

 B13 – 746-756 MHz in DL and 777-787 MHz in UL

 B14 – 758-768 MHz in DL and 788-798 MHz in UL

 B17 – 734-746 MHz in DL and 704-716 MHz in UL

 B28 – 758-803 MHz in DL and 703-748 MHz in UL

 B68 – 753-783 MHz in DL and 698-728 MHz in UL

EPC

LTE control node is the responsible for routing IP data between base stations and
external IP services. In 3GPP terminology, it is called Evolved Packet Core and it is the
key entity of the LTE core network.

The EPC includes all the entities for the control and routing of IP communications. 3GPP
establishes that the key entities of EPC are the following:

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 MME, as the entity responsible to control the location of user equipment in the
coverage cells and to enable the mobility across adjacent cells.

 SGW, as the entity responsible to router the user data traffic between eNodeBs and
PGW. It is responsible to create, manage and disable data bearers according pre-
defined rules of quality of service.

 PGW, as the entity acting as user data traffic gateway from LTE infrastructure
towards external IP networks implementing backend user services.

In additional to previous entities, the core network of TELTRONIC’s LTE infrastructure

also includes:

 ENC, responsible for controlling the access to LTE system and implementing
authorization methods for user equipment, as well as managing the quality of service
policies and priorities in EPC. This entity integrates two key modules: HSS (Home
Subscriber System) for LTE user provisioning and registration, and PCRF (Policy
Charging Rules Function), to define access policies to LTE services.

It also centralizes other control functions like synchronization tasks for all hardware
entities in the infrastructure as well as the collection of statistical information

 NMS Server, as responsible module for the network management, configuration of

any equipment, subscriber management, alarms monitoring, etc.

 Firewall, as the key door of the system for any kind IP connection from/to external
networks.

 Other physical elements required for the installation and operation of the system like
for instance:

- EPC chassis and switches, required to interconnect hardware modules in the

control node among them, as well as to establish connections with base stations.

- Cabinets, power supply sources and cabling.

TELTRONIC’s EPC solution can be configured according to the size of the network
deployed, and it can be supplied as a high available platform, for instance based on
ATCA platforms, or based on single servers where functionality is virtualized.

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 Figure 3. Form factor of equipment for LTE core network.

Applications

Externally to EPC cabinets, but with IP connectivity with it, there may be other server or
applications, conceptually grouped in two categories

 Tools for the operation and management of the infrastructure. For instance,
client application of NMS System, and other internal applications used by
TELTRONIC or authorized partners for setting up or upgrade the system like for
instance Remote Software Tools.

 Servers executing the business logic of broadband services for LTE subscribers.
Some examples are applications in Control Room, remote databases, servers
providing access to Corporate Intranets or Video Servers.

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6. LTE APPLICATIONS FOR TRANSPORTATION
SECTOR

TELTRONIC’s professional LTE solution can provide unified service for broadband
applications in transportation market:

Surveillance systems in trains Data communications for

and stations Signalling applications:
 ETCS: Evolution of the
current GSM-R
systems.
 CBTC: Improvements
as regards current
WiFi systems.
Internet
connection
for
passengers
Upload of operational files:
information about ticketing,
counting of passengers,
Load of operational reports, statistical
files: Update of data information, etc.
used by Passenger
Information Systems
(PIS) or on-board
multimedia systems

Figure 4. Application of TELTRONIC’s radio communication solutions in

transportation market.

Next sections describe required architecture and features of these applications.

6.1 LTE for surveillance systems (CCTV)

CCTV systems constitute a key element in the rail safety, helping to reduce the response
time in case of incidents, and improving the efficiency in the daily operations, both in the
line exploitation and during maintenance tasks.

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Some of the applicability of these systems are listed below.

Ground surveillance at
stations and at critical points
along the tracks.

Mobile surveillance for real-

time monitoring from
Command & Control
Centres, for instance from
the train cars.

Mobile surveillance for real-

time monitoring from train
cabin of platforms when
trains are approaching the
station.

Through the LTE system, these applications will be able to transmit and receive video
signals from and to the trains and Control Rooms.

LTE technology provides an added value to the security and safety in the rail network.
To ensure the safety of the passengers is one of the main challenges during the rail
operations. Moreover, the protection of workers and the facilities against acts of
vandalism, crime and even terrorist attacks, is other of the priorities of the rail operators.
Without undermining the functionality of the infrastructure, it must guarantee the mobility
of thousands of passengers. Hence, it will be essential to adopt safety measures to
protect all the open areas, the accesses to rail infrastructures, point of sales, the trains,
etc.

In this context, CCTV applications used over professional broadband LTE systems,
become in an essential feature. TELTRONIC’s broadband radio solutions will provide
high availability, QoS mechanisms and the possibility to implement redundancy policies
in every single element, and thus being adequate to these kind of surveillance
applications.

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 ON-BOARD OPERATOR
APPLICATION

Data connection with

guaranteed bit rate

eNodeB

LTE CONTROL NODE COMMAND &

E-UTRAN (EPC) CONTROL

Figure 5. Professional LTE solution for Transportation.

6.2 LTE for ETCS rail signalling applications

ETCS (European Train Control System) is the
security and protection system defined within the
European rail signalling system ERTMS (European
Rail Traffic Management System).

It is mainly used in high speed trains or mainlines with

the aim to provide interoperability between the rail
systems in different countries. This regulation also specifies the wireless communication
system for ERTMS, that must be based in GSM-R technology.

ETCS as signalling protocol, provides critical information for the train driving like speed
limits, movement authorities, etc., and supervises the train circulation. It can be
implemented with different safety levels.

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In ETCS Level1, GSM-R system is uniquely used for voice communications. Train-to-
ground communications take place just at certain cases and through track elements like
beacons, circuit systems, etc. In ETCS Level 2, there is a continuous train-to-ground
communication over the GSM-R system.

Due to the coming obsolescence of GSM-R technology, expected by 2025, Europe is

looking into the future and thinking about the next telecommunications system that will
support ETCS signalling standard. LTE is now the best positioned technology to play
this role.

The ERA (European Railway Agency) has already confirmed several aspects of the next
candidate. For instance, future ETCS communications system will be IP-based, as
regards GSM-R which is circuit switched. In that sense, TELTRONIC’s
telecommunication systems, both TETRA and LTE, are fully aligned with that decision.

LTE offers clear advantages as regards current GSM-R, including an efficient

architecture to provide low latencies, and a high data capacity in comparison with the 9.6
kbps provided by GSM-R.

In addition to these features, LTE offers sophisticated quality of service mechanisms

(QoS) to guarantee and apply priorities in the reservation of resources for different
applications without affecting negatively to the resiliency or the security in the network
operation.

Moreover, TELTRONIC’s LTE solution for transportation is ready to include key

functionalities specific for the professional market which will be implemented and aligned
accordingly to the standardization tasks accomplished by 3GPP. Some examples of this
functionality are listed next:

 Group calls

 Push-to-talk operation

 Priority and Pre-emption management

 Emergency calls

Significant improvements in the capacity offered by LTE, will allow creating the
foundations of a new communication platform that will support any innovation in ETCS
systems in aspects related to security, operation and added-value services for
passengers.

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6.3 LTE for CBTC rail signalling applications
Unlike ETCS is used mainly in short-haul, long-distance
and high-speed trains, the signalling applications used in
mass transit like metros, tramways and light trains, are
known in general as CBTC (Communications Based
Train Control) systems.

CBTC does not indeed constitute a signalling standard, due to each manufacturer has
its own solutions, and they are not interoperable between them. Despite this fact, vast
majority of CBTC implementations in the market are using the same train-to ground
technology: WiFi networks based on IEEE 802.11 standard family. These systems will
support the data communication between the on-board protection equipment and the
wayside elements along the tracks.

WiFi technology could be an option due to cost, easiness of configuration and

commercial availability, however, there are major disadvantages when trusting the vital
communication of a CBTC system to this technology:

 WiFi uses non-licensed bands and thus there are a high risk of interferences
between adjacent channels and other networks deployed in the same areas. Thus,
it is very complicated to guarantee availability level since the access to the spectrum
is free and uncontrolled. It is possible to find other users or networks transmitting in
the same frequency bands.

 The number of required access points along the track is very high, in general
every 100 or 200 meters, due to the limited transmission power.

 Standard family IEEE 802.11 was designed initially for domestic deployment and
mobility is not supported natively by the technology. Thus, it is necessary to
implement proprietary customizations to manage mobility and to reduce the high bit
error rates during transmissions.

 WiFi does not support native policies of Quality of Service (QoS). All users compete
for radio resources according to a random access, and there is no way to guarantee
priorities to specific users. Accordingly, WiFi standard cannot guarantee bandwidth
capacity o maximum latencies for critical services.

LTE technology solves all these downsides for the operation of CBTC signalling systems,
and provides other benefits:

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 Coverage ranges around several kilometres instead of hundreds of meters.

 Native support of mobility management: handover times between adjacent cells in

the order of milliseconds.

 Advanced mechanisms of quality of service: different radio resources will be

assigned dynamically to different user profiles.

 Licensed frequency bands, what minimizes the risk against interferences.

Moreover, the greater data transmission rate will offer flexibility to support the increasing
demand of data transmission for CBTC signalling applications in the new driverless train
systems. This Grade of Automation (GoA) is categorized on three levels:

 STO (Semi-automatic Train Operation), where there is a train driver in the cabin
monitoring the operation and ready to apply manual actions if required.

 DTO (Driverless Train Operation), where there may be a rail operator in the train but
not necessarily in the cabin.

 UTO (Unattended Train Operation), where the train is operated fully automatically,
without any staff on-board.

6.4 LTE for other applications

LTE can also be the perfect radio interface for other applications that helps to improve
the rail operation as well as to enhance security or user services. Next table summarizes
some of them:

APPLICATIONS

Updates in the Passenger Information System (PIS):

 Load of files announcing coming stations.
 Notification of incidents along the line.
 Texts in the information panels on board.
 Texts in the information panels at stations.
 Etc.

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 APPLICATIONS

Update in on board multimedia systems:

 Load of files for Infotainment systems.
 Load of advertisement files.
 Etc.

Download of operational files (from train to control room):

 Information about ticketing.
 Information about passenger counting systems.
 Statistical information about alarms and incidents on-board.
 Statistical information about the use of the radio network and reports.
 Etc.

Table 3. Examples of other application using LTE technology.

All of these applications (and others) are not really vital applications, but they help to
improve the efficiency and the use of the railway infrastructure, improving the punctuality
ratios, resiliency, optimizing the travel times and increasing the line capacity in terms of
number of passengers, and thus maximising the benefit during rail operation.

To achieve all of these objectives, the availability of the LTE system is essential, enabling
a remote and dynamic management of previous applications from the Control Centre.

QoS mechanisms provided by broadband LTE technology, and particularly the features
provided by TELTRONIC’s eNEBULA solution, will allow to allocate the necessary data
bandwidth in a manner that critical and vital applications like signalling have guaranteed
resources to the operation.

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7. KEY DIFFERENTIATORS OF TELTORNIC’S LTE
SOLUTION

Some of the key differentiators of TELTRONIC’s eNEBULA LTE solution are

summarized in the next table:

CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS

TELTRONIC is the owner of its LTE Security of supply and continuity in the
technology, without dependency from solutions provided.
third parties either partners.

Total control over the design and the Flexibility and customization of
manufacturing cycles. TELTRONIC’s solutions.

LTE solution oriented to private Availability of requested capabilities for

networks with specific functionality for mission critical sectors like priority
PMR markets, specifically for management, pre-emption management,
transportation. group calls, etc.

Native integration with existing Infrastructure management through a

TELTRONIC’s TETRA systems. single and easy-to-use application.
Service delivery to end-user over the
most convenient radio interface thanks to
Communications Manager.

Unified and multi-service system. Economic profitability and viability.

Unified Network & Subscriber Set of tools for operating and maintaining
Management System for TETRA and deployed systems.
LTE equipment and users.

Scalability Ability to deploy any kind of system: from

small networks for local areas to national
networks.

Mobility Radio technologies especially adapted to

mobile environment.

Redundancy for any kind of elements in Maximum availability and resiliency.

the solutions.

Encryption services. Data security and integrity.

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 CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS

Radio equipment especially designed for Compliancy of railways norms for on-
railways markets. board systems like EN 50155 or EN
45545.

Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) Specific functionality for transportation.

services: group calls, priority
management, emergency calls, etc.

Technologies ready to grow and expand Integration of future services. Platform

its functionality. ready to evolve towards new standard
versions.

Wide experience in the deployment of Technical expertise and large number of

communication systems for railway resources for the deployment of new
sector. transport projects, fulling specific
requirements.

Table 4. Characteristics and advantages of TELTRONIC’s LTE solution.

LTE in Transport Page 24 of 24