Solutions for Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing, 3/e (published by Wiley) © MPGroover 2007

28 CLEANING AND SURFACE TREATMENTS

Review Questions
28.1 What are some of the important reasons why manufactured parts must be cleaned?
Answer. The reasons include (1) to prepare the surface for subsequent industrial processing, (2) to
improve hygiene conditions, (3) to remove contaminants which might chemically react with the
surface; and (4) to enhance product appearance and performance.
28.2 Mechanical surface treatments are often performed for reasons other than or in addition to cleaning.
What are the reasons?
Answer. Reasons for mechanical surface treatments include deburring, improving smoothness,
adding luster, and enhancing surface properties.
28.3 What are the basic types of contaminants that must be cleaned from metallic surfaces in
manufacturing?
Answer. Basic contaminant types mentioned in the text are (1) oil and grease, (2) solid particles,
such as metal chips, abrasive grits, shop dirt, and dust, (3) buffing and polishing compounds, and
(4) oxide films, rust, and scale.
28.4 Identify some of the mechanical cleaning methods.
Answer. Mechanical cleaning methods include blast finishing, shot peening, and mass finishing
(such as barrel tumbling). These methods also accomplish other functions such as deburring and
surface finish improvement.
28.5 In addition to surface cleaning, what is the main function performed by shot peening?
Answer. Shot peening is primarily used to improve the fatigue strength of metals by introducing
cold working the metallic surface.
28.6 Name some of the important chemical cleaning methods.
Answer. The chemical cleaning methods can be categorized as follows (1) alkaline cleaning, (2)
emulsion cleaning, (3) solvent cleaning, (4) acid cleaning and pickling, and (5) ultrasonic cleaning.
28.7 What is meant by the term mass finishing?
Answer. In mass finishing, parts are mechanically cleaned and deburred in bulk, usually in a barrel
by the mixing action of an abrasive media.
28.8 What is the difference between diffusion and ion implantation?
Answer. Diffusion is a process in which atoms or molecules move across a boundary between two
contacting materials. Ion implantation produces a similar result, but the process involves penetration
of high-velocity ions into the surface of a substrate material.
28.9 What is calorizing?
Answer. Calorizing is the diffusion of aluminum into carbon steel, alloy steels, and the alloys of
nickel and cobalt. The process is also known as aluminizing.
Multiple Choice Quiz
There is a total of 14 correct answers in the following multiple-choice questions (some questions have
multiple answers that are correct). To attain a perfect score on the quiz, all correct answers must be given.
Each correct answer is worth 1 point. Each omitted answer or wrong answer reduces the score by 1 point,
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
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Solutions for Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing, 3/e (published by Wiley) © MPGroover 2007

and each additional answer beyond the correct number of answers reduces the score by 1 point. Percentage
score on the quiz is based on the total number of correct answers.
28.1 Which of the following are reasons why workparts must be cleaned in industry (four best answers):
(a) to avoid air pollution, (b) to avoid water pollution, (c) to enhance appearance, (d) to enhance
mechanical properties of the surface, (e) to improve hygiene conditions for workers, (f) to improve
surface finish, (g) to prepare the surface for subsequent processing, and (h) to remove contaminants
that might chemically attack the surface?
Answer. (c), (e), (g), and (h).
28.2 Which of the following chemicals is associated with alkaline cleaning (more than one): (a) borax,
(b) hydrochloric acid, (c) propane, (d) sodium hydroxide, (e) sulfuric acid, or (f) trichlorethylene?
Answer. (a) and (d).
28.3 Shot peening is a mechanical cleaning method used primarily to remove surface scale from metallic
parts: (a) true or (b) false?
Answer. (b). Principal function is to cold work the surface to improve fatigue strength.
28.4 In sand blasting, which one of the following blast media is used: (a) Al2O3, (b) crushed nut shells,
(c) nylon beads, (d) SiC, or (e) SiO2?
Answer. (e).
28.5 The abrasive media used in mass finishing, such as barrel tumbling, include which of the following
(three best answers): (a) Al2O3, (b) crushed nut shells, (c) diamond, (d) corundum, (e) emerald, (f)
limestone, (g) NaCl, and (h) talc?
Answer. (a), (d), and (f).
28.6 Which of the following processes generally produces a deeper penetration of atoms in the
impregnated surface: (a) diffusion or (b) ion implantation?
Answer. (a).
28.7 Calorizing is the same as which of the following surface processes: (a) aluminizing, (b) doping, (c)
hot sand blasting, or (d) siliconizing?
Answer. (a).
28.8 Carburizing involves which one of the following: (a) acid pickling, (b) blast finishing, (c) diffusion,
(d) tumbling, or (e) vapor degreasing?
Answer. (c).

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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
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