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ESSENC
CE - Interna
ational Jourrnal for Envvironmentaal Rehabilitaation and Conservation
n
Volume VI: No. 1 2015 [91
[ – 95] [ISS
SN 0975 - 62722]
[ww
ww.essence-jouurnal.com]

nce of bota
Influen anicals agaainst Khap pra Beetlee (Trogoderma granaarium Eveerts)
and theeir effect on
o grain qu ualities off Maize du
uring storaage

Lambat,, Ashish1; Lambat,

L Praachi2; Charjan, Sanjiv3 and Deotalee, Rajesh3

Received: March 23, 2015

2 ⏐ Accep
pted: April 266, 2015 ⏐ Onlline: June 30,, 2015

Abstractt Intrroduction
Thee khapra beetle (Troggaderma graanarium
The khaapra beetle (Trogoderm ma grananrium
Eveerts) is a seriious pest of stored grain causing
Everts) isi a serious store grain pest of whheat
connsiderable daamage to allmost all ceereals in
during sttorage. In thee present invvestigation, the
t
storrage. It is largely respoonsible for damage
experimeent was conducted to knnow the efffect
andd frequentlyy harboringg store, mill m and
of diffeerent organic grain protectants
p on
warrehouses. Khhapra beetlee is cosmopoolitan in
infestatioon percentag ge of khappra beetle and a
natuure attributiing about 50% loss in seed
seed quaalities of Maaize (Zea mays
m CV.PKKV-
weight during storage.
Shatak). It was obserrved that seed treated with
w
Thee steady rise in the usse of pesticides for
sweet flaag powder (2.5%) and custard appple
seed pow wder 2.5% were
w showeed significanntly conntrol of store grain pests can be danggerous to
humman being and a cattle as well due to their
higher 100 seed d weight, germinatiion
resiidual toxicitty. With vieew to find outo safe
percentagge, seedlingg vigour, fieeld emergennce
andd organic seed prrotectants, present
percentagge and adultt mortality asa comparedd to
inveestigation was
w taken up u to evaluuate the
other seeed treatmeent and control c duriing
orgaanic grain protectantss in seed storage
storage.
agaiinst khapra beetle
b in maize.
Keyword ds: organic grain proteectants | sw
weet
flag | cuustard apple | khapra beeetle | maizze |
Maaterials and methods
infestatioon | storage
Maiize (Zea mayys CV. PKY Y-Shatak) seeed were
For corresspondence: usedd in various phages of this
t study, produced
p
1
Sevadal Mahila
M Mahavidy yalaya, Nagpur in 2012-2013.
2 T seed werre cleaned and dried
The
2
Shri Mathuuradas Mohata Science
S College,, Nagpur
3
College off Agriculture (Drr. PDKV’s) Naggpur (mooisture conttent 10.5%)). The wheeat seed
Email: lammbatashish@gm mail.com
May 2013) with six plant product
werre treated (M
viz., Neem leaaf, sweet flag,
fl Tulsi, Custard
91
 Lambat et al.. /Vol. VI [1] 2015/91
2 – 95 

apple, Tuurmeric and Pongamia powder is in the t behhavior (Addult morttality), inffestation
proportioon of 2.5% byb weight off the seeds. The
T perccentage 1000 seed weigh, w germ
mination
experimeent as condu ucted in glass bottle of 1 lit perccentage, viggour index and a field em mergence
capacity with seven treatmeents includiing perccentage afteer three monnths of storrage are
untreatedd control. Each glass bottle was thhen giveen in Table 1.1
filled witth 500 gm ofo wheat seeeds. 10 pairss of Thee result indiccated that vaariation in nuumber of
2-3 dayss old khapraa beetle weere released in khaapra beetle (adult)
( in each
e treatmeent. The
each glaass bottle co overed with muslin clooth. khaapra beetel adult
a mortaliity was significantly
The set of experim ment was kept in well w highhest in maizze seed treaated with sw weet flag
ventilatedd wire meesh almirahh in masonnry (1000%) which is closely followed
f by custard
building having cem mented walls,, roof and flooor apple (92%) neem leaf (60%), poongamia
under am mbient tempeerature (24.11 – 45.8oC) and
a (56% %), tulsi (511%) and turm meric (47%)). Where
relative humidity
h (200-82%) from m May to Juuly, in significantly
s y lower morrtality was observed
o
2013. Affter three months
m the seeed from eaach in untreated control
c (5%%). Saxena et. Al
treatmentt were keeenly observved and thoose (19776), Tikku ete al. (1978) and Khan annd Borle
found inffested were separated out o weightedd to (19885) found Acorus callamus L oill vapour
determinne the infestaation percenttage on weigght respponsible for causing inffecundity am mong the
basis huundred seed weight annd germinatiion fem
male of a num mber storedd grain pest. Biradar
were testted in quadrruplicate witth 100 seedd in (20000) who repported that sweet flag has got
each repplication. Th he germinatiion percentaage inseecticidal and a oviciddal effectt. The
was evaluuated on thee value for normal
n seedliing signnificantly maize
m seed weight looss was
(Anon. 1985). The vigour
v indexx were workoout observed in untreated
u coontrol followwed by
followingg the meth hod of Abddul Baki and a turmmeric, tulsi, pongmia, neem leaf, custard
Andersonn (1973). For F field em mergence teest, apple and sweeet flag treattment durinng entire
sowing ofo wheat seed was done in randomizzed periiod of storrage. This might be due to
block deesign, with four
f replicattion with innter sterrilizing effecct of sweet flag
f rhizome powder
and intraa row spaccing of onee feet and six mixxed with maaize seeds. Charjan annd Tarar
inches respectively.
r . Observations for field (19994), Deshpaande et al. (22010), Ashish et al.
emergencce were reco orded daily and finally the
t (2011), and K. Cherian et al. (2011) reported r
established seedlings were counnted after one o thatt the shaarp declineed in inffestation
month off sowing. TheT experimental data was w perccentage of store
s grain pest
p in seedd treated
statistically scrutinizzed as per the
t Panse and a withh Acorus callamus powdeer.
Sukhatm me (1967). Thee seed quallity parametters viz., 1000 seed
weight, germinnation perceentage and seedling
Result annd discussio
on vigoour index was
w highest in i seed treatted with
The dataa regarding the effect of
o the different 2.5%% concentrration of sweet s flag powder
organic grain pro otectants on
o populatiion followed by custard apple, a neemm leaf,

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 Lambat et al.. /Vol. VI [1] 2015/91
2 – 95 

pongamia, tulsi, turmeric and a untreatted whiich leads to reduction

r in weight of thhe maize
control. The 100 seeds weightt, germinatiion seedds and in tuurn affect thhe seed germ mination
percentagge and vigo our index decreased
d w
with andd vigour inddex becausee of lack of stored
increasinng infestatio
on of storeed grain pestp foodd and is in conformity
c w the findings of
with
Howe, (1972),
( Chaarjan and Tarar (19994), Narrayanswami (1985). Handersoon ad
Deshpande et al. (20 010) and Ashhish Lambatt et Chrristensen (19961) reporteed that pulse beetle
al. (20111). Since thhe stored grrain pest haave attaack the embrryo and germ mination potential of
been eateen off majorr portion of the endospeerm seedd reduced orr totally destroyed.

Treatm
ments Adult P
Prevent weiight 1000 Germiination S
SVI F
Field
Mortality
M loss due to
t seedd (%
%) emeergence
(%) i
infestation (
(%) weigght (
(%)
Neem
m Leaf 58 5.7 6.044 7
70 1347 60
(2.55%)
Sweett flag 100 0.04 6.644 9
95 2008 85
(2.55%)
Tulsi (2.5%)
( 50 6.3 5.800 6
68 1294 56
Custardd apple 91 2.5 6.355 9
90 1992 80
(2.55%)
Turmericc (2.5%) 48 6.6 3.88 6
60 1120 48
Pongamia 54 5.9 6.01 6
66 1212 54
(2.55%)
Untreeated 6 16.94 4.166 3
30 6
614 16
conttrol
SEm ( + ) 0.35 0.09 0.033 0.12 0
0.10
CD at
a 5% 1.06 0.29 0.100 0.36 0
0.31
T
Table No. 1: Thhe Effect of diffferent organic prrotectants on khapra beetle
m
mortality, infesttation percentaage, 100 seedd weight,
geermination perrcentage, seeddling vigour and field
emmergence percenntage

The fieldd emergence percentage of maize seeeds infeestation of khapra

k beettle and highher 100
follows the same trends of seed quallity seedd weight, geerminability and seedlingg vigour
parameteers. The fieeld emergennce percentaage indeex. The results are agreement
a t those
to
was higghest in seed
s treatedd with 2.55% repoorted by Charjan and Tarar (1994),
concentraation of sweet flagg powder as Desshpande et al..
a (2010), Ashish
A Lambbat et al.
comparedd to other treatments and untreatted (2010) and K. Cherian
C et all. (2011).
control. This migh ht be due to the leeast

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 Lambat et al.. /Vol. VI [1] 2015/91
2 – 95 

Among the t plant prroducts sweeet flag powdder M.Sc. (Agri.)

( Theesis, Univerrsity of
2.5 % were
w found to be ignificcantly effective Agriculttural Sciencees, Dharwd.
against khapra
k beetlee throughouut the periodd of Chaarjan S.K.U U. and Tararr, J.L. (19994): The
investigaation these fiindings are agreement
a w
with influencce of some plant prodducts on
Siva Srrinivasu (20 001), Deshhpande et al. seed quuality of lobbia during storage.
(2010), Charjan
C and
d Tarar (19994) and Ashhish Ann. Plaant Physiol. 8 (2) L: 1533-156
Lambat et al. (201 11) thus sw weet flag and
a Desshpande, V.K.
V Deshppande, H.H H. and
custard apple naturrally occurrring botaniccals Masuthii, D. (2010): Evaluation of grain
which arre not toxic canc be usedd as pre storaage protectaants in seeed storage against
seed treaatment, disp pensing witth the use of Sitophiluus oryzae (L.) in soorghum.
costly annd toxic can be
b used as pre storage seeed Green faarming 1(5)::512-514.
treatmentt, dispensinng with the use of cosstly Harrderson, L.S. and Christeensen, C.M. (1961):
and toxicc chemicalss to control khapra beeetle Preharveest control of
o insect annd fungi.
damage without adversely affecting the t U.S. Dept. Agri. Ybbk, pp. 348-3356.
germinattion of maizee seed. Howwe, R.W. (1972): Inssect attackinng seed
during storage.
s Seeed Biology vol. III
Referencces (ed. Kozzlowski, T.T T.) Academiic press:
Abdul Baki,
B A.A. and
a Andersoon J.D. (19773): New Yoork pp. 247-3300.
V
Vigour determination inn soybean seeed Khaan, M.I. andd Borle, M.N N. (1985): Efficacy
E
byy multiple criteria.
c Cropp sci. 13: 6330- of somee safer grainn protectantss against
633. the puulse beetlee, Collosoobruchus
Anonymous, (1985)): Internatioonal rules for chenenssis L. infecting stored Bengal
seeed testing. Seed Sci. annd Technol. 13: gram (CCicer arietinuum L.) P.K.VV. Res. J
299-513 9(1): 53-55.
Ashish Lambat, Rajesh
R Gadeewar, Sanjeeev Konnglath Cherrian, Sanjeevv Charjan, Vandan
C
Charjan, Konnglath Cheriian and Prachi Mohod, Ashis Laambat and Rajesh
L
Lambat, (201
11): Evaluattion of organnic Gadewaar (2011): Studies on the
grrain protectaants in seed storage agaiinst influencce of Acorus clamus L. rrhizome
r
riice weevil in wheaat. Proc. Of Powder seed treatm ments againsst stored
Innternational conference on Sustainabble grain peest of wheatt. Proc. Of National
N
E
Environment held during
d 19--20 Seminarr on Enviroonmental
February 2011
2 at Aurangabad, Manageement annd Bioddiversity
M
Maharashtra, India. Speecial issue 6: conservaation, held during 26-27
1222-123. Februaryy 2011 at Rishikesh (U.K.)
Biradar, B.S. (200 00): Preventtion of crooss India. Abstract
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innfestation by
y Sitophilus oryzae L. anda 101.
R
Rhizopertha dominica inn stored wheeat.

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Narayanaaswamy, S. (1985): Effect of Puulse Tikkku K., Kouul, O. and Saxena

S B.P. (1978):
beetle damag ge on seed quality
q of field The inflluence of Accorus calamuus L. oil
bean and Pigeon pea. Seeed Res. 13 (2): ( vapour on the histoocytologicall pattern
138-141. of thee ovaries of Troggoderma
Panse, V.G.
V and Sukhatme, P.V. (19667): granariuum Evert. Buull. Grain Teehnol.
Statistical methods
m foor agricultuural
w
workers. I.C.A
A.R. Pub., New
N Delhi.
Saxena, B.P., Koul, O. and Tikkku, K. (19776):
N toxic pro
Non otectants agaainst the storred
grrain insect pest.
p Bull. Grain
G Technnol.
144(5): 1990-1193.

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