Professional Documents
Culture Documents
D E P A R T M E N T O F 5 T A T E
TABlE OF CONTENTS
Author' s Foreword . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Specia1 Note on Cognates ..•..............•............... viii
The Vowe1s 1
Spanish Vowe1s with Counterparts in Portuguese . 1
1. Spanish ~ / Portuguese ~ .........•............. 1
2. Spanish unstressed 2 and ~ / Portuguese unstres-
sed ~ and .i . 4
Portuguese Vowe1s Not Occurring in Spanish . 8
1. Oral Vowe1s . 8
2. Nasal Vowe1s : . 13
The Diphthongs . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Spanish Diphthongs with Counterparts in Portuguese 16
Portuguese Diphthongs Not Occurring in Spanish 17
1. Oral Diphthongs 17
2. Nasal Diphthongs 18
Diphthongs Restricted to Some Dia1ects 20
The Consonants . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Spanish Consonants with Counterparts in Portuguese 21
portuguese Consonants Not Occurring in Spanish 26
Observations on Major Brazi1ian Dia1ect Differences 28
Consonant C1usters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Introduction 29
Word arder . 31
Word Order in Questions with Interrogative Words . 31
Word Order in Yes-No Questions . 32
Word order in Answers to Yes-No Questions . 32
Negation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
An Extra Negative •........••..........•............... 34
portuguese 'either/neither' ......••••..........•.•.... 34
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Contractions . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 35
Verbs . 39
Verb Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Regular Verb Forms . 39
Irregular Verb Forms . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Verb Constructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . • . . . . . 46
1. Spanish (ir + ~ + infinitive) vs. Portuguese
(ir + infinitive) . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2. Spanish (haber + past participle) vs. Portuguese
(ter + past participle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 47
3. Spanish gustar vs. Portuguese gostar de .....•... 48
4. Spanish hacer vs. Portuguese haver in time ex-
preSSl.ons . 48
5. Spanish (estar + -ndo) vs. Portuguese (estar + ~
+ infinitive) . 49
Usage of ser and estar ..•.•.......•.•.•...•..........•. 49
Two New Verb Categories .............•...•.•............ 51
L Future Subjunctive ••...•.•.•.•..•...•.•......... 51
2. Personal Infinitive •......•...•••.....•........• 52
Nominals 57
Object pronouns . 57
1. Placement . 57
2. Other Problems . 60
Direct Object Nouns . 63
Definite Article . 63
Gender 64
L ln Cognates . 64
2. ln the Number 'Two ' . 64
part IV
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AUTHOR'S FOREWORD
Introduction
If you are like most Americans who already speak Spanish and
who are now about to learn portuguese, you want to know whether
your Spanish will help you or hinder you. You want to know
whether it will be an advantage or a disadvantage, an asset or
a liability. Since Spanish and Portuguese are so close, your
first inclination is to assume that the transition from one to
the other will be quite easy. But you cannot wholly accept this
idea, because friends who have already made the transition have
told you that your Spanish will interfere with your Portuguese.
They have warned you to expect considerable difficulty in keeping
your Spanish out of your Portuguese. You contrast these remarks
with the more favorable comments of other friends who have also
gone from Spanish to portuguese. They tell you how easy it was.
It is quite understandable, then, that you are not sure what to
believe.
The manual is divided into four parts: 'The Sounds ' , 'The
Grammar', 'Vocabulary Transferi, and 'Supplementary Pronunciation
Exercises'. We recommend that you read about the sounds and do
the pronunciation exercises at the very beginning of your Portuguese
course, for it is then that you will experience most of your inter-
ference from Spanish pronunciation. You may want to read the other
two parts in their entirety at any time, but we especially recommend
that you select for careful study the various subsections of these
two parts at such time as they fit in with the course of study you
are following. The Portuguese portions of all four parts are
available on tape.
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PART I
THE SOUNDS
The Vowels
1. Spanish ~ / Portuguese ~
Now, in Portuguese, you will find that this sound does occur,
and with great frequency, in final, weak-stressed syllables. For
example, you will hear it in the last syllable of portuguese ~,
cas~ cas~
senoras senhor~s
par~ par~
d~s dias
ahora agor~
nad~ nada
cabez~ cabeq~
tom~ tom~
fala fica
obrigad~ feira
vamos v~mos
cama c~m~
bano b~nho
g~no ganho
~n.2. ana
Spanish portuquese
días di~s
tom~ tome
manda mande
trabaj~ trabalhe
aprenda ap rend2
coma come
Spanish portuguese
famoso famosu
bonitos bonitus
caros carus
tomQ tomu
llevo levu
tengQ tenhu
vivo vivu
Spanish Portuguese
aprend~ aprend~
abre abri
mueve movi
cabe cabi
habl~ fali
mande mandi
pas.§. pass~
verde verdi
ese essi
noche noiti
tard~ tardi
bi11ete bilheti
and des-.
~sperar isperar
estar istar
~sposo isposo
escribir iscrever
descuido discuido
desdén disdém
destino distino
1. Oral Vowels
We will look at the new oral vowels first. There are two
of them. Since they are somewhat difficult to identify in stand-
ard spelling we have chosen to write them for the moment like
this: ~,Q. (The use of capitals is deliberate.)
Spanish portuquese
papel papEl
pincel pincEl
hotel hotEl
pelo pelo
mesa mesa
pena pena
pelar pelar
tenaz tenaz
menos menos
mero mEro
sede sEde
bella bEla
fe fÉ
ella Ela
es É
cero zEro
flecha flEcha
Spanish portuguese
siete sEte
ciego cEgo
piedra pEdra
pieI pEle
mieI mEl
tierra tErra
pierde pErde
pie pt
fiesta fEsta
diez dEz
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gota gôta
boca bôca
mozo môço
como corno
boba boba
popular popular
noticia notícia
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nota nOta
moda mOda
norte nOrte
obvio 6bvio
bota bOta
As you can see, there does not appear to be any pattern you
can follow.
Spanish portuguese
fuerte fOrte
luego lOgo
cuerda cOrda
puerta porta
nueve nOve
rue da rOda
muerte mOrte
escuela escOla
puede pOde
suelo sOlo
2. Nasal Vowels
e i õ ti and §
The Diphthongs
On the other hand, the diphthongs ei and eu, which are sorne-
what limited in their occurrence in Spanish, are very common in
Portuguese.
Spanish Portuguese
qu~mar queimar
d~jar deixar
madera madeira
manera maneira
prim~ro primeiro
verdadero verdadeiro
caballero cavalheiro
dinero dinheiro
solt~ro solteiro
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1. oral Diphthongs
Among the new diphthongs are three involving the open vowel
sounds E and Q.
2. Nasal Diphthongs
pas~ passam
pasaban passav.9.!!l
pasarán passarão
pasarí~ passari.9.!!l
pasaron passar.9.!!l
van vão
dan dão
digan dig.9.!!l
reciban recebam
están estão
s~ são
b. Nouns:
lim6n limão
me16n mel~
mont6n montão
salón salão
corazón coração
condición condição
destinación destinação
sección seção
lección lição
(Many other nouns ending in -ón and -ión in Spanish will end
in the diphthong -ãu in portuguese.)---
c. others:
tan tão
san são
Spanish portuguese
limones limões
melones melões
montones montões
sal~ salões
coraz~ corações
condiciones condições
destinaciones destinações
secciones seções
lecciones lições
viven vivem
venden vendem
manden mandem
vivies§!l vivessem
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gás [gais]
mas 'but' [mais]
arroz [arrois]
nós [nois]
feroz [ferois]
eficaz [eficais]
vez [veis]
luz [luis]
pus [puisJ
avestruz [avestruis ]
voz [vois]
maçãs [maçãis]
irmãs [irmãis]
manhãs [manhãis]
The Consonants
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sounds.
Spanish Portuquese
najifa nada
bojifa boda
ijifa ida
sejifa sêda
mujifar mudar
formajifo (And many other such formado
participial forms)
comijifo comido
10)60 lôbo
Cu)6a Cuba
sa)6er saber
sá)6ajifo sábado
ca)6er caber
entregar entregar
pegar pegar
digo digo
pago pago
1 Extenslve
. .
practlce on b an dd can b e f oun d in exercises
9 and 10, Part IV.
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Spanish portuguese
a. ropa Roupa
revista Revista
rápido Rápido
río Rio
repita Repita
razón Razâo
b. carro caRo
arroz aRoz
corre coRe
guerra gueRa
torre toRe
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c. senor senhoR
placer prazeR
dar daR
comer comeR
ir iR
The ~ also appears in one place where you would not expect it:
before consonants. Remember that in Spanish only the single flap
~, not the multiple trill rr, is normally heard before consonants.
Once again this new patterning will bear particular watching in
cognate words.
Spanish Portuguese
cuarto quaRto
carne caRne
tercero teRceiro
porque poRque
barba baRba
Carlos CaRlos
2. Spanish 1. / Portuguese 1 or L
milha fôlha
toalha coelho
bilhete olhar
falhar velho
4. Spanish li / portuguese nh
lenho venho
unha senhor
tenho senhora
Examp1es: chega
acho
caixa
Examples: iantar
a.9.ência
~oão
barre r varrer
bamos vamos
bisitar visitar
bi~ir viver
bista vista
li~ro livro
ha~er haver
pala~ra palavra
de~er dever
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toma]6a tomava
fumá]6amos fumávamos
almorza]6an almoçavam
etc. etc.
(Between vowels)
casa casa
mesa mesa
azul azul
preciso preci~o
riqueza rique~a
(Beginning of word)
cero zero
zona zona
The z sound also appears between vowels when the secnnd vowel
begins the next '\rlord, as in Isomos americanos/o For additiol1al
practice with the ~ sound, see Part IV, exercise 11.
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Examples: onde
de nada
dia
disco
Examples: noite
leite
tia
tinha
Consonant Clusters
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PART II
THE GRAMMAR
Introduction
You will find that you can carry much of your Spanish grammar
into Portuguese. For example, nearly alI of the major Portuguese
verb tenses are close copies of something you already know in
Spanish. The present tense, the two past tenses (past I and II,
or 'preterite' and 'imperfect', if you prefer), the present and
past subjunctives, the conditional, the future, the commands, and
most of the compound tenses alI Iook and sound very much like they
do in Spanish. And, more importantly, they usually behave that
way too. Thus, for example, if you have already won the battle
of the distribution of the two past tenses in Spanish, you will
not need to re-fight it in Portuguese. The rules that guided you
in the former are equally applicable in the latter. Likewise, if
you have learned to use the Spanish present tense as a substitute
for the future tense at those times when the future is rather
imminent (e.g. lo ~ manana), you should have no problem doing
the sarne thing in Portuguese. Verbs make up a large part of the
grammar of both languages, and the high incidence of direct
transfer from one to another will undoubtedly prove to be a most
use fuI tool.
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From what has just been said it would be easy for you to assume
that alI of Portuguese is put together like Spanish. But at the
sarne time you are sophisticated enough to suspect that this is not
likely to be the case, and you are right. That is precisely what
this section on grammar is alI about. There are a number of areas
where Portuguese does not structure itself like Spanish. Sometimes
the differences are major, sometimes they are minor, but always
they 100m as potential trouble spots for those who know Spanish.
On the following pages we will concentrate on the most significant
of these.
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Word Order
Spanish Portuguese
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word
- - Order -in 'Yes~o' Questions
~- .
Spanish portuquese
Spanish Portuquese
~
4. óAlquilaron ellos la casa? Eles alugaram a casa?
Si, la alquilaron. Alugaram sim.
Negation
An 'extra' negative
Spanish Portuguese
Contractions
o os a as
em no nos na nas
a ao* aos à às
From Chart A:
Portuguese Spanish
From Chart B:
portuguese Spanish
From Chart C:
Portuguese Spanish
From Chart D:
Portuguese Spanish
(.§!!l + êle)
= nêle en él
(de + ela) = dela de ella
(de + êles) = dêles de ellos
From Chart E:
portuguese Spanish
Verbs
Verb Types
Portuguese and Spanish both have -~, -er and -ir type verbs.
ln addition, portuguese has a fourth type, -or, which is represented
only by the irregular verb pôr (cf. Spanish poner) and its related
compounds. Most Portuguese cognates are of the sarne type as their
Spanish counterparts. However, watch out for the following common
verbs which are -ir type in Spanish but -~ type in Portuguese.
Spanish portuguese
vivir viver
escribir escrever
batir bater
recibir receber
sufrir sofrer
ocurrir ocorrer
gemir gemer
hervir ferver
morir morrer
,
~In both languages abrir is regular in alI forms except the
Past Participle: Spanish abie~to / Portuguese abertp~
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Spanish Portuguese
yo mando eu mando
como como
abro abro
- - - -
él manda êle manda
come come
abre abre
Present
Tense - - - - - - - -
nosotros mandamos nós mandamos
comemos comemos
abrimos abrimos
- - - - - - - -
ellos mandan êles mandam
comen comem
abren abrem
yo mandaba eu mandava
comía comia
abría abria
- - - -
él mandaba êle mandava
comía comia
abría abria
Imperfect
Tense - - - - - - - -
nosotros mandábamos nós mandávamos
~
comíamos com1amos
abríamos abríamos
--- - - - - - -
ellos mandaban êles mandavam
comían comiam
abrían abriam
yo mandé eu mandei
comí comi
abrí abri
yo mandaré mandarei
comeré comerei
abriré abrirei
yo mandaría eu mandaria
comería comeria
abriría abriria
-- - - - - - -
él mandaría êle mandaria
comería comeria
abriría abriria
Conditional
Tense - - - - - - - -
nosotros mandaríamos nós mandaríamos
comeríamos comeríamos
abriríamos abriríamos
- - - - - - - -
ellos mandarían êles mandariam
comerían comeriam
abrirían abririam
yo mande eu mande
coma coma
abra abra
- - - - - - - -
él mande êle mande
coma coma
abra abra
Present
Subjunctive
- - - - - - - -
and nosotros mandemos nós mandemos
Command Form comamos comamos
abramos abramos
- ... - - - - - -
ellos manden êles mandem
coman comam
abran abram
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yo mandara/-se eu mandasse
comiera/-se comesse
abriera/-se abrisse
mandando mandando
Gerund comiendo *comendo
abriendo *abrindo
mandado mandado
Past
comido comido
Participle
**dirigido **dirigido
portuquese Spanish
querer qu~rer
pQder pQder
PQ.sso, PQ.de(m) puedo, puede(n)
provar prQbar
prQvo, prQva(m) pruebo, prueba(n)
almQçar almorzar
almQço, almQça(m) almuerzo, almuerza(n)
mQstrar mostrar
mQstro, mQstra(m) m~stro, m~stra(n)
n~gar n~gar
co~çar com~nzar
nevar nevar
n~va nieva
chQver llover
chOve llueve
pref~rir pref~rir
pref],re(m) prefiere(n)
divertir divertir
div~rte(m) divierte(n)
dQrmir dormir
dQrme(m) duerme(n)
cõtar contar
CQto, cQta(m) cuento, c~nta(n)
encQtrar encontrar
encQtro, encQtra(m) encuentro, enc~ntra(n)
setir sentir
slto, s~te(m) siento, siente(n)
setar sentar
s~to, s~ta(m) siento, sienta(n)
p~sar pensar
p~so, p~sa(m) pienso, piensa(n)
metir mentir
mIto, m~te(m) miento, miente(n)
Verb Constructions
Spanish portuguese
Spanish combines the verb haber with the -do form (the past
participle) of the main verb to form a series of tenses which
are traditionally called the 'perfect' tenses. We are refer-
ring to such items as:
he comido
habrá salido
habían escrito
habíamos trabajado
si hubiera hecho
Spanish portuguese
he escrito escrevi
hemos trabajado trabalhamos
Spanish portu~uese
Spanish portuguese
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Spanish Portuguese
Spanish Portuguese
or
or
1. Future subjunctive.
Spanish portuguese
(present subjunctive) (future subjunctive)
Spanish Portuguese
2. Personal infinitive
Singular Plural
a. an impersonal expression
b. the verbs 'to tell' and 'to ask'
c. certain Spanish conjunctions (clause relators) which
may convert to prepositions in portuguese.
Spanish Portuguese
(subjunctive) (personal infinitive)
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Spanish Portuguese
(subjunctive) (personal infinitive)
When the verb in the main clause is 'to te11' or 'to request'
Spanish puts the verb in the other (subordinate) c1ause in the
subjunctive. Portuguese is very likely to use the personal in-
finitive, although, once again, the subjunctive is common. (EU
pedi que êles ficassem.), etc. As before, we suggest you learn
both patterns.
Spanish Portuguese
(subjunctive) (personal infinitive)
Spanish Portuguese
(infinitive) (personal infinitive)
NominaIs
Object Pronouns
1. Placement
Spanish Portuguese
Spanish portuguese
4. Me levanté temprano. Levantei-me cedo.
l::;
---. Me conoce bien. Conhece-me bem.
6. Le dia un dólar. Deu-lhe um dólar.
Spanish Portuguese
Spanish Portuguese
Spanish Portuguese
2. Other Problems.
Spanish portuguese
as change their forms to lo, los, la, las when they follow an
infinitive. As such they look and sound suspiciously like the
comparable Spanish forms. Be sure to notice that in this con-
struction the infinitive loses its~. lt is almost as if the
~ changed to ~.
Spanish Portuguese
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Spanish Portuguese
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Spanish portuguese
1. ~ mí me parece. Parece-me.
Spanish portuguese
Spanish portuquese
Spanish Portuquese
L Se me olvidó la llave. (Nothing comparable)
2. Se nos quedó en casa. (Nothing comparable)
3. Se Ie cayeron unas tazas. (Nothing comparable)
Spanish portuquese
1. Veo ~ María. Vejo Maria.
2. Conozco aI presidente. Conheço o presidente.
Definite Article
Spanish portuquese
Gender
1. Gender in cognates
el viaje a viagem
el paisaje a paisagem
el masaje a massagem
el mensaje a mensagem
el sabotaje a sabotagem
el color a côr
el do1or a dor
el árbol a árvore
el puente a ponte
el partido 'game' a partida
el equipo a equipe
la nariz o nariz
la leche o leite
la sonrisa o sorriso
la sal o sal
PART III
HINTS üN VOCABULARY TRANSFER
1. Sounds
jefe chefe
bajo baixo
quejarse queixar-se
embajada embaixada
caja caixa
dejar deixar
bruja bruxa
junio junho
julio julho
junto junto
juez juiz
generoso generoso
gente gente
joven jovem
ligera ligeira
jugar jogar
adjectivo adjetivo
sargento sargento
extranjero estrangeiro
jardín jardim
reloj relógio
viaje viagem
página página
mujer mulher
orejas orelhas
mejor melhor
trabajar trabalhar
mojar molhar
escoger escolher
abeja abelha
viejo velho
ojo ôlho
aguja agulha
a. Spanish 11 Portuguese 1
bello belo
cabello cabelo
llevar levar
gallina galinha
amarillo amarelo
ella ela
allí ali
villa vila
caballo cavalo
cal lar calar
fallecer falecer
b. Spanish 11 Portuguese ~
llorar chorar
llamar chamar
llegar chegar
llave chave
llover chover
llano chão
lleno cheio
c. Spanish li portuguese lh
fallar falhar
milla milha
millón milhão
toalla toalha
billete bilhete
a) Spanish n Portuquese nh
dinero dinheiro
camino caminho
ganar ganhar
sobrina sobrinha
tocino toucinho
vino vinho
amanecer amanhecer
cocina cozinha
espina espinha
b) Spanish n Portuquese n
ano ano
pequeno pequeno
cana cana
ensenar ensinar
danar danar
pestana pestana
Spanish Portuquese
higo figo
hígado fígado
hacer fazer
hormiga formiga
hacienda fazenda
herir ferir
humo fumo
hervir ferver
hierro ferro
hazana façanha
*hijo filho
*hoja fôlha
huracán furacão
almohada almofada
Spanish portuguese
aprovechar aproveitar
techo teto
noche noite
leche leite
luchar lutar
estrecho estreito
hecho feito
ocho oito
mucho muito
casa casa
cosa coi~a
blusa blu~a
música música
acusar acu~ar
veces vêzes
hacer fazer
cocina cozinha
azul azul
zorro ~orro
Spanish Portuguese
acto ato
doctor doutor
dictador ditador
actual atual
contacto contato
carácter caráter
víctima vítima
perfecto perfeito
practicar praticar
arquitectura arquitetura
Spanish portuguese
acción ação
sección seção
lección lição
accidente acidente
occidental ocidental
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Spanish portuguese
alumno aluno
columna coluna
himno hino
solemne solene
amnistía anistia
indemnizar indenizar
calumnia calúnia
Spanish portuguese
placer prazer
playa praia
plato prato
plata prata
plaza praça
p1aga praga
p1azo prazo
cumplir cumprir
emplear empregar
sab1e sabre
b1anco branco
doblar dobrar
noble nobre
ob1igar obrigar
flaco fraco
flota frota
iglesia igreja
esclavo escravo
Spanish Portuguese
mano mão
hermano irmão
verano verão
anciano ancião
sano são
aldeano aldeão
Spanish Portuguese
hermana irmã
manzana maçã
manana amanhã
alemana alemã
anciana anciã
aldeana aldeã
sana sã
1
For other correspondences involving ão, see pages 18-19.
2. Word Endings
Spanish portuguese
horrible horrível
terrible terrível
favorable favorável
notable notável
posible possível
indispensable indispensável
amable amável
agradable agradável
Spanish portuguese
verdad verdad.§:.
dignidad dignidad.§:.
facilidad facilidad.§:.
dificultad dificul-ªad.§:.
lealtad leal-ªad.§:.
liber.:!:.ad liberdade
magnitud magnitud.§:.
actitud atitude
Spanish portuguese
firmeza firmeza
riqueza rique~a
gentileza gentile~a
fortaleza fortale~a
poderoso poderoso
famoso famoso
amoroso amoroso
espantoso espantoso
Spanish portuguese
carrito carrinho
Pablito Paulinho
mesita mesinha
casita casinha
cafecito cafezinho
pobrecita pobrezinha
Spanish portuguese
portero porteiro
cartero carteiro
minero mineiro
zapatero sapateiro
vaquero vaqueiro
cocinero cozinheiro
Spanish Portuguese
presencia presença
diferencia diferença
licencia licença
sentencia sentença
but
eficiencia eficiência
paciencia paciência
inteligencia inteligência
providencia providência
esencia essência
competencia competência
• Absence of I in portuguese
Spanish Portuquese
salir sair
volar voar
doler doer
saludar saudar
diablo diabo
• Absence of n in Portuguese
Spanish Portuquese
comenzar começar
moneda moeda
defensa defesa
venado veado
amenaza ameaça
luna lua
crimen crime
Spanish portuquese
color côr
dolor dor
poner pôr
tener ter
venir vir
general geral
sólo só
ganado gado
• Absence of r in Portuguese
Spanish Portuquese
almorzar almo<;;ar
sangre sangue
rostro rosto
• Absence of br in portuguese
Spanish portuguese
nombre nome
hombre homem
acostumbrarse acostumar-se
• n becomes 1 in Portuguese
Spanish portuguese
naranja laranja
berenjena berinjela
Spanish Portuguese
preguntar perguntar
apretar apertar
Spanish portuguese
apio aipo
bar rio bairro
novio noivo
• Vowel changes
L Spanish ~ to portuguese i
Spanish Portuquese
eso isso
l~ngua lingua
v~nganza vingança
edad idade
prof~sional profissional
ensenar ensinar
corr~gir corrigir
vecino vizinho
2. Spanish ~ to Portuguese o
Spanish Portuquese
j~gar j.Qgar
ocurrir ocorrer
sufrir sofrer
rutina rotina
cubrir cobrir
Spanish Portuguese
costar custar
s.Q.rpresa s~rprêsa
sordo surdo
Spanish portuguese
casi quase
más mais
jamás jamais
caja caixa
bajo baixo
dos dois
cosa coisa
noche noite
poco pouco
te soro tesouro
Spanish portuguese
cuaderno caderno
antigua antiga
treinta trinta
veinte vinte
Spanish portuguese
policia policia
teléfono telef2.ne
limite lim,ite
nível nivel
False Cognates
Spanish Portuquese
PART IV
pass-ª. com-ª.
par-ª. abr-ª.
pag~ beb-ª.
visit-ª. sig~
muda respond-ª.
canta
manda
fuma
sala bonita
sôp-ª. car~
bôc-ª. alt-ª.
missa segund~
vist-ª. passad~
águ~ barata
esquin-ª. fin~
gôt~ fria
bebe tome
come pagu~
vende pass~
cabe mude
respond~ compr~
val~ mande
base fase
bilhete qu~
tarde esse
part~ êste
mente grav~
tanqu~ verd~
82
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FROM SPANlSH TO PORTUGUESE
bebo bonito
tomQ lindo
como caro
abro barato
passQ alto
pagQ segundQ
comprQ quintQ
digQ fino
sigQ outro
vendQ cinco
permitQ quatrQ
vamos frio
tomamos sapatQ
passamQs minutQ
pagamQs banco
bebemQs medlnicQ
comemQs númerQ
abrimQs livro
a. Unstressed
(Present) (Imperfect)
pass~ passavam
tomam tomavam
pagam pagavam
compr~ comprav~
mudam mudavam
mandam mandavam
visitam visitavam
fumam fumavam
(preterite) (Conditional)
passaram passariam
tomaram tomariam
pagar~ pagariam
comprar~ comprari~
abrir~ abririam
seguir~ seguiri~
perder~ perderiam
beber~ beberi~
b. Stressed
(Future)
passarão seguirão
tomarão abrirão
pagarão perderão
comprarão beberão
passam pass~
tomam tom~
pag-ª!!! pagu~
compr~ comprem
visitam visitem
mandam mandem
abrem abr~
vendem vendam
vivem viv~
bebem bebam
passar~
passar-ª!!!
tomar~
tomar~
pagar~
pagar~
comprar~
comprarem
mandar~
mandarem
visitaram visitar~
abrir-ª!!! abrirem
seguir~ seguir~
perderam perder~
beber~
beber~
limão limões
melão melões
montão montões
salão salões
cora~ão cora~ões
condi~ão condi~ões
destina~ão destina~ões
se~ão se~ões
li~ão li~ões
razão razões
a~ão a~ões
invasão invasões
missão missões
ladrão ladrões
dire~ão dire~ões
parec~ abriu
valeu pediu
comeu seguiu
bebeu durmiu
vendeu vestiu
escreveu mentiu
viveu viu
deu preferiu
deveu resistiu
87
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FROM SPA~ISH TO PORTUGUESE
nada adulto
cada idéia
ida válido
vida s61ida
dedo resfriado
lado modêlo
modo pedido
todo parado
dado vestido
pedir estado
poder tomado
mudar entrada
candidato saída
universidade unida
88
Hosted free on Live Lingua Portuguese
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
casa azul
coisa fazer
mesa rezar
blu~a zona
camisa vazio
frase zero
espô.ê.o ra~ão
espô~a onze
usar doze
acusar treze
abusar catorze
pe.§.ar quin~e
c a.§.a r pobre~a
pi.§.ar triste~a
Bra~il fortale~a
atrasado firmeza
amoroso rique~a
fabuloso
famo~o
maravilhoso
portugue.§.a
francesa
inglê~a
(
pa~~es vêzes
me.ê.es luzes
inglê~es feli~es
francêses cru~es
89
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FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
os americanos as americanas
os amigos as amigas
o~ espô~os as espô~as
os Estados Unidos
so.!. falso
sa.!. falta
ta.!. alta
mal alma
qua.!. solteiro
mi.!. último
papel alguma
hotel delgado
Brasil O.!.ga
abril belsa
civil Silva
90
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FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
nacional
espanho~
fáci~
difici1.
útil
ági~
rio dar
rico ir
.!:.epita ser
.!:.evista estar
radio ver
.!:.ápido tomar
,E.0upa passa.!:.
rei paga.!:.
.!:.emete.!:. come.!:.
,r.ec1 ama,r. beber
barba guerra
la.!:.go corrida
carne corra
carta cago
tarde tôrre
qua.!:.to arroz
Carlos c i gago
go,r.do barro
verde fôrro
terceiro barril
fi.!:.me burro
BASIC COURSES
Supp1ies of alI pub1ications 1isted are 1imited, and prices are subject to
change without advance notice. Rules require remittance in advance of
ahipment. Check or money order shou1d be made payable to the Superinten-
dent of Documenta. Poatage stamps and foreign money are not acceptable.
Tapes for the above courses are availab1e from the National Audiovisual
Center, National Archives and Record Service, GSA, Nationa1 Archivea
Bui1ding, Room G-5, Washington, D.C. 20408.